An impact-resistant system and method for coal body in a rock burst roadway rib

Abstract

The application provides an anti-impact system and method for coal body of a roadway in a rock burst area, and the anti-impact system comprises a drilling group and an anchoring assembly, the drilling group comprises a plurality of drillings, the plurality of drillings are arranged at intervals along the height direction of the roadway, in the direction in which the roadway wall surface points to the coal body, the drillings are divided into a reinforcing section and a buffer section, the distance between the first ends of two adjacent drillings is smaller than the distance between the second ends of the two drillings, the buffer section is used for hydraulic fracturing, and a fracture zone is formed in the axial direction of the buffer section, two adjacent fracture zones are spaced apart in the height direction of the roadway, the buffer section is filled with an energy-absorbing material, the reinforcing section is used for filling a reinforcing material, and the anchoring assembly is used for anchoring into the coal body of the roadway, the anchoring assembly comprises a plurality of anchoring members, and the plurality of anchoring members are arranged at intervals along the direction of the roadway. The anti-impact system can reduce the risk of rock burst, reduce the damage degree of the coal body, improve the stability of the roadway coal body, and ensure the safety production of the mine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining engineering technology, specifically to an anti-impact system and method for the coal seam in the sidewalls of roadways prone to rockburst. Background Technology

[0002] Rock bursts are a common hazard in coal mining, characterized by the sudden release of energy from rock strata, leading to tunnel collapse and equipment damage, and in severe cases, casualties. After tunnel excavation, because the strength of the coal seam is lower than that of the rock strata, the coal seam often suffers severe damage when an impact occurs, posing a significant challenge to safe mine production.

[0003] The prevention and control measures adopted in related technologies, such as reinforcement and support, and optimized mining sequence, are often insufficient to effectively reduce the risk of rockburst. In addition, new treatment methods are being used, including pressure relief drilling, hydraulic fracturing, and deep-hole blasting. However, these methods have certain limitations in practical applications. For example, pressure relief drilling may not fully release the internal stress of the coal seam, and the drilling process may induce new stress concentrations; hydraulic fracturing may damage the structural integrity of the coal seam and requires large amounts of water, potentially impacting the environment; deep-hole blasting faces the problem of precise control of blasting parameters, and improper blasting may exacerbate coal seam damage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0005] Therefore, embodiments of the present invention propose an anti-rockburst system and method for the coal seam of roadways prone to rockbursts. This anti-rockburst system can effectively reduce the risk of rockbursts, mitigate the degree of damage to the coal seam, improve the stability of the coal seam in the roadway, and ensure safe production in the mine.

[0006] An anti-impact system for the coal seam of a roadway subjected to rock bursts, according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprises:

[0007] A borehole group, comprising multiple boreholes spaced apart along the height of the roadway, is divided into a reinforcement section and a buffer section on the roadway wall in the direction pointing towards the coal seam. The distance between the first ends of two adjacent boreholes is less than the distance between the second ends of two adjacent boreholes.

[0008] The buffer section is used for fracturing, and a fracture zone is formed axially in the buffer section. Two adjacent fracture zones are spaced apart in the height direction of the roadway. The buffer section is filled with energy-absorbing material.

[0009] The reinforced section is used to fill the reinforcing material;

[0010] An anchoring assembly for anchoring into the coal seam of the roadway, the anchoring assembly comprising a plurality of anchors spaced apart along the direction of the roadway.

[0011] The anti-rockburst system for the coal seam of a roadway sidewall in this invention involves drilling multiple inclined boreholes into the coal seam sidewall and filling these boreholes with energy-absorbing material. This absorbs some of the energy during a rockburst, reducing the damage to the coal seam. Furthermore, reinforcing material is added to improve the overall stability of the coal seam and enhance its rockburst resistance. In addition, the reinforcing material within the reinforced section effectively connects the coal seam to the roadway wall, reducing displacement and damage to the coal seam under rockburst conditions.

[0012] In some embodiments, the plurality of boreholes includes a first borehole and a second borehole, at least one of the first borehole and the second borehole being arranged at an angle relative to the horizontal direction.

[0013] In some embodiments, there are multiple fracture zones, which are spaced apart along the extension direction of the borehole, and a portion of the fracture zone extends into the roof of the coal seam.

[0014] In some embodiments, the distance between two adjacent fracture zones along the extension direction of the borehole is greater than the sum of the radii of the two fracture zones.

[0015] In some embodiments, the length of the buffer segment is less than or equal to the length of the reinforcement segment.

[0016] The method for resisting the impact of coal seams in roadways prone to rock bursts according to embodiments of the present invention, wherein the method is implemented using the impact-resistant system for coal seams in roadways prone to rock bursts as described in any of the above embodiments, and includes the following steps:

[0017] S1. Take coal core samples from the sidewall of the target roadway and prepare standard samples. Conduct impact compression tests on the standard samples and calculate the average percentage of transmitted energy under different polyurethane thickness conditions.

[0018] S2. Based on the test results, conduct ground stress tests on the target tunnel to obtain data on the maximum horizontal principal stress, minimum horizontal principal stress, and vertical stress.

[0019] S3. Multiple rows of boreholes are drilled in the coal seam on the side of the working face of the roadway, and the arrangement of two adjacent boreholes in the height direction of the roadway is V-shaped.

[0020] S4. Implement fracturing measures at the bottom of the borehole to form at least one fracture zone in the circumferential direction of the borehole and along the extension direction of the borehole.

[0021] S5. Inject energy-absorbing material into the borehole. After the energy-absorbing material completely fills the fracture zone, inject reinforcing material into the borehole.

[0022] S6. Drive multiple anchors into the coal seam of the roadway sidewall and calculate the impact energy absorption capacity of the anchors to obtain the total energy absorption value of the shallow support material of the coal seam sidewall.

[0023] In some embodiments, step S1 includes conducting an impact compression test, which involves drilling holes in the standard specimen, implementing cracking measures, filling it with energy-absorbing material and reinforcing material, and measuring the incident energy, reflected energy, transmitted energy and absorbed energy to calculate the average percentage of transmitted energy under different energy-absorbing material thickness conditions.

[0024] In some embodiments, in step S2, the test results include reviewing historical microseismic monitoring data, establishing a numerical model based on the actual conditions of the historical maximum impact event, simulating the impact energy value per unit area of ​​the roadway sidewall under the condition of the maximum energy value excited from the impact source location, calculating the ratio of the impact energy value to the transmitted energy, and determining the transmitted energy after passing through the first fracture zone and the total energy absorption value of the shallow support material of the coal seam sidewall.

[0025] In some embodiments, if the transmitted energy through the first fracture zone is greater than or equal to the total energy absorption value of the shallow support material of the coal seam sidewall, then fracturing measures are implemented on the side of the first fracture zone adjacent to the coal seam sidewall to form a second fracture zone.

[0026] The transmission energy after passing through the second fracture zone is compared with the total energy absorption value of the shallow support material of the coal face. If the transmission energy after the second fracture zone is greater than the total energy absorption value of the shallow support material of the coal face, then fracturing measures are implemented on the side of the second fracture zone adjacent to the coal face to form a third fracture zone, until the transmission energy passing through the nearest fracture zone on the side of the coal face is less than the total energy absorption value of the shallow support material of the coal face.

[0027] In some embodiments, the energy-absorbing material includes polyurethane material, and the reinforcing material includes cement slurry material. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an anti-impact system for the coal seam of a roadway subjected to rockburst, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure label:

[0030] 100. Roadway; 200. Coal Mine Roof; 300. Coal Mine Floor.

[0031] 11. First borehole; 12. Second borehole; 111. Reinforced section; 112. Buffer section; 113. Fracture zone.

[0032] 2. Anchoring components. Detailed Implementation

[0033] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0034] Therefore, embodiments of the present invention propose an anti-rockburst system and method for the coal seam of roadways prone to rockbursts. This anti-rockburst system can effectively reduce the risk of rockbursts, mitigate the degree of damage to the coal seam, improve the stability of the coal seam in the roadway, and ensure safe production in the mine.

[0035] The following describes an anti-impact system for the coal seam of a roadway subjected to rockburst, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] As shown in the figure, the anti-impact system for the coal seam sidewalls of a roadway subjected to rock bursts according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a drilling group and an anchoring assembly 2.

[0037] The borehole assembly comprises multiple boreholes spaced apart along the height of the roadway 100. In the direction from the roadway 100 wall towards the coal seam, the boreholes are divided into a reinforcement section 111 and a buffer section 112. The distance between the first ends of two adjacent boreholes is less than the distance between their second ends. The buffer section 112 is used for fracturing, and a fracture zone 113 is formed axially within the buffer section 112. Adjacent fracture zones 113 are spaced apart along the height of the roadway 100. The buffer section 112 is filled with energy-absorbing material, and the reinforcement section 111 is filled with reinforcement material. Anchoring assembly 2 is used for anchoring into the coal seam of the roadway 100. Anchoring assembly 2 comprises multiple anchors spaced apart along the direction of the roadway 100.

[0038] Specifically, as shown in the figure, drilling equipment can be used to drill holes from the side of the coal body in roadway 100 towards the depth of the coal body. The extension direction of the drill hole can be arranged adjacent to the roof 200 or floor of the coal body, or it can be inclined towards the roof 200 or floor of the coal body, so as to facilitate the extension of the fracture zone 113 into the interior of the roof or floor during subsequent fracturing. Each drill hole is divided into a reinforcement section 111 and a buffer section 112, wherein the buffer section 112 is located at the bottom of the drill hole, and the reinforcement section 111 is located on the shallow side of the coal body.

[0039] Understandably, in the buffer section 112 of the borehole, fracturing measures such as blasting or hydraulic fracturing can be used to form a fracture zone 113 around the borehole, which can then be used to fill energy-absorbing material into the fracture zone 113 through the borehole. Based on the degree of filling of the energy-absorbing material, the transmitted energy of the impact energy after passing through the fracture zone 113 is determined, and then the total energy absorption value of the shallow support material is calculated according to the arrangement of the anchoring components 2.

[0040] In other words, when the transmitted energy of the impact energy after passing through the fracture zone 113 is less than the total energy absorption value of the shallow support material, the transmission of impact energy to the shallow surrounding rock of the roadway 100 can be effectively reduced, mitigating the damage to the coal body, improving the stability of the coal body in roadway 100, and ensuring safe mine production. Conversely, when the transmitted energy of the impact energy after passing through the fracture zone 113 is greater than the total energy absorption value of the shallow support material, a second fracture zone 113 can be formed by fracturing again on the side of the roadway 100 adjacent to the buffer section 112 and filled with energy-absorbing material, so as to further reduce the impact energy through the second fracture zone 113 until the transmitted energy through the rightmost fracture zone 113 is less than the total energy absorption value of the shallow support material.

[0041] It should be noted that energy-absorbing materials can be made of polymers (such as polyurethane, polypropylene, polyethylene, polycarbonate, etc.). Reinforcing materials can be made of cement grout, bentonite grout, cement-based composite materials, and gel materials, etc.

[0042] In other words, the anti-rockburst system for the coal seam of a roadway 100, as described in this embodiment of the invention, involves drilling multiple inclined boreholes into the coal seam of the roadway 100 and filling these boreholes with energy-absorbing material to absorb some of the energy during a rockburst, thus reducing the damage to the coal seam. Furthermore, reinforcing material is also added, improving the overall stability of the coal seam and enhancing its resistance to rockburst. In addition, the reinforcing material in the reinforced section 111 effectively connects the coal seam to the roadway 100 wall, reducing displacement and damage to the coal seam under rockburst conditions.

[0043] In some embodiments, the plurality of boreholes includes a first borehole 11 and a second borehole 12, at least one of the first borehole 11 and the second borehole 12 being arranged at an angle relative to the horizontal direction.

[0044] Specifically, as shown in the figure, the first drill hole 11 and the second drill hole 12 are arranged at intervals in the vertical direction, and the first drill hole 11 is located above the second drill hole 12.

[0045] Optionally, the extension direction of the first borehole 11 can be parallel to the horizontal direction (e.g., Figure 1 If the first borehole 11 is located near the top of the coal seam (in the left-right direction), and the second borehole 12 is arranged at an angle, and the left end of the second borehole 12 is farther away from the first borehole 11 than the right end of the second borehole 12; or, if the second borehole 12 is located near the bottom of the coal seam, and the first borehole 11 is arranged at an angle, and the left end of the first borehole 11 is farther away from the second borehole 12 than the right end of the first borehole 11; or, as shown in the figure, both the first borehole 11 and the second borehole 12 are arranged at an angle, and the distance from the left end of the first borehole 11 to the left end of the second borehole 12 is greater than the distance from the right end of the first borehole 11 to the right end of the second borehole 12.

[0046] In other words, the arrangement of the first borehole 11 and the second borehole 12 is roughly V-shaped. The inclined arrangement of the boreholes can form stress release channels in the coal seam, helping to disperse and release the stress in the coal body, thereby reducing the risk of rockburst. In addition, fracturing is performed at the bottom of the inclined borehole (i.e., the buffer section 112), so that the fracture zone 113 formed around the borehole can be distributed in the medium, the top plate of the medium, and the bottom plate of the medium, so that the injected energy-absorbing material is more evenly distributed in the coal seam, thereby improving the energy absorption effect.

[0047] In some embodiments, there are multiple fracture zones 113, which are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the borehole, and a portion of the fracture zone 113 extends into the roof of the coal seam.

[0048] Understandably, by comparing the change in transmitted energy before and after the injection of energy-absorbing material into a fracture zone 113 with the total energy absorption value of the anchoring component 2 in the shallow coal support material, the number of fracture zones 113 can be determined. This ensures that after the rockburst passes through the energy-absorbing material, the transmitted energy is reduced to within the range that the anchoring component 2 can withstand, thus avoiding problems such as rockburst spalling, rockburst explosion, deformation and damage to the coal body on the side of roadway 100 due to excessive rockburst, and enhancing the stability of the coal body on the side of roadway 100 during impact.

[0049] In other words, multiple fracture zones 113 can increase the area for absorbing impact energy. Each fracture zone 113 can absorb a portion of the energy when an impact occurs, thereby improving the overall energy absorption capacity of the system and ensuring that the transmitted energy after passing through multiple fracture zones 113 is less than the total energy absorbed.

[0050] In some embodiments, the distance between two adjacent fracture zones 113 along the extension direction of the borehole is greater than the sum of the radii of the two fracture zones 113.

[0051] Understandably, the distance between adjacent fracture zones 113 is greater than the sum of their radii. This ensures that each fracture zone 113 can effectively release stress without interfering with each other, and prevents communication between adjacent fracture zones 113, which would affect the fracturing effect. Furthermore, the larger distance between fracture zones 113 helps maintain fracture stability, preventing further propagation or damage due to interactions between fractures, thus optimizing fracture distribution and effectiveness.

[0052] Optionally, the length of the buffer section 112 is less than or equal to the length of the reinforcement section 111. It is understood that the buffer section 112 is primarily used to buffer and absorb energy during rockbursts, while the reinforcement section 111 is primarily used to repair surrounding rock damage caused by drilling, in order to restore the integrity of the surrounding rock within the effective range of the anchoring components 2 (anchor bolts, anchor cables, and other support materials) to enhance the overall stability of the coal seam. This also ensures that energy release and absorption occur in areas of higher coal seam strength during rockbursts, thereby improving the overall stability of the system.

[0053] The following describes an embodiment of the present invention for resisting the impact of coal seams in roadways subjected to rockburst.

[0054] The method for resisting the impact of coal seams in roadways prone to rock bursts according to embodiments of the present invention is implemented using any of the rock burst resisting systems described in the above embodiments, and includes the following steps:

[0055] S1. Coal core samples are taken from the sidewall of the target roadway, and standard specimens are prepared. Impact compression tests are conducted on the standard specimens, and the average percentage of transmitted energy under different polyurethane thickness conditions is calculated. This involves using a coal mining machine to extract coal cores from the sidewall of the target roadway, processing the coal cores into standard specimens, and preparing multiple sets of specimens with different energy-absorbing material thicknesses to facilitate subsequent comparison of test data. Impact compression tests are then conducted on the standard specimens in the laboratory using an impact compression testing machine. Transmitted energy data under different polyurethane (energy-absorbing material) thickness conditions are recorded, the average percentage of transmitted energy is calculated, and compared with the total energy absorption value.

[0056] In other words, data obtained through laboratory tests are more accurate and help optimize the selection of polyurethane layer thickness. Early assessment of the impact response characteristics of the coal seam provides a basis for subsequent design.

[0057] S2. Based on the test results, conduct in-situ stress tests on the target roadway to obtain data on the maximum horizontal principal stress, minimum horizontal principal stress, and vertical stress. This means using in-situ stress testing instruments (such as stress gauges and force gauges) in the target roadway to conduct the tests. The maximum, minimum, and vertical principal stress data are then measured and recorded. In other words, obtaining accurate in-situ stress data provides a scientific basis for borehole design and construction, helps assess the stress state of the roadway, and helps prevent rockbursts.

[0058] S3. Multiple rows of boreholes are drilled from the coal seam sidewalls towards the interior of the coal seam in the working face of the roadway, with adjacent boreholes arranged in a V-shape along the roadway's vertical direction. This is understood to be based on ground stress test results, roadway height, and test results, with the borehole locations and angles designed and drilling equipment (such as a drilling rig) used for drilling. The V-shaped arrangement helps to evenly distribute stress, reduce the risk of rock bursts, and improve drilling efficiency.

[0059] S4. Implement fracturing measures at the bottom of the borehole to form at least one fracture zone in the circumferential direction of the borehole and along its extension direction. It is understood that fracturing measures effectively release internal stress in the coal seam, and the formation of the fracture zone helps improve the filling effect of the energy-absorbing material.

[0060] S5. Inject energy-absorbing material into the borehole. After the energy-absorbing material completely fills the fracture zone, inject reinforcing material into the borehole. Ensure that the fracture zone is fully filled to improve the energy absorption effect. The use of reinforcing material enhances the overall stability of the coal seam.

[0061] S6. Drive multiple anchors into the coal seam of the roadway sidewall and calculate the impact energy absorption capacity of the anchors to obtain the total energy absorption value of the shallow support material of the coal seam sidewall. It is understandable that the use of anchors enhances the stability of the coal seam and reduces displacement. By testing the energy absorption capacity of the anchors, a basis for support design is provided, and the calculation of the total energy absorption value helps to evaluate the overall effectiveness of the support system.

[0062] Preferably, the energy-absorbing material includes polyurethane material, and the reinforcing material includes cement grout material.

[0063] In some embodiments, in step S1, conducting an impact compression test includes: drilling a hole in a standard specimen, implementing cracking measures, filling it with energy-absorbing material and reinforcing material, and measuring the incident energy, reflected energy, transmitted energy and absorbed energy to calculate the average percentage of transmitted energy under different energy-absorbing material thickness conditions.

[0064] Understandably, an energy sensor is installed on a standard sample to measure parameters such as incident energy, reflected energy, transmitted energy, and absorbed energy. Based on the data recorded by the energy sensor, the average percentage of transmitted energy under different energy-absorbing material thicknesses is calculated, and the influence of different energy-absorbing material thicknesses on energy transfer is analyzed.

[0065] By simulating drilling, fracturing, filling with energy-absorbing materials, and reinforcing materials on standard specimens, the stress state and energy transfer under actual working conditions can be more realistically reflected. Analyzing the average percentage of transmitted energy under different energy-absorbing material thicknesses can provide a basis for selecting appropriate energy-absorbing material thicknesses in practical engineering. Finally, by measuring energy parameters, the energy absorption effect of energy-absorbing materials during impact compression can be evaluated, providing a reference for the design of more effective support systems.

[0066] In some embodiments, in step S2, the test results include reviewing historical microseismic monitoring data, establishing a numerical model based on the actual conditions of the historical maximum impact event, simulating the impact energy value per unit area of ​​the roadway sidewall under the condition of the maximum energy value excited from the impact source location, calculating the impact energy value and the proportion of transmitted energy, and determining the transmitted energy after passing through the first fracture zone and the total energy absorption value of the shallow support material of the coal body sidewall.

[0067] Understandably, utilizing historical microseismic monitoring data allows for more accurate prediction and assessment of the stress state and energy transfer in roadway ribs under rockburst conditions. Numerical models can simulate complex geological structures and stress propagation processes, improving the accuracy and reliability of the analysis. By calculating the proportion of transmitted energy and the total energy absorption value of shallow support materials in the coal seam ribs, a basis for support design can be provided, ensuring that the support system can effectively absorb and disperse impact energy. Through analysis and optimization, the probability of rockburst damage to the coal seam ribs in roadways can be reduced, improving the stability and safety of the roadway.

[0068] In some embodiments, if the transmitted energy after passing through the first fracture zone is greater than or equal to the total energy absorption value of the shallow support material of the coal face, a fracturing measure is implemented on the side of the first fracture zone adjacent to the coal face to form a second fracture zone. The magnitude of the transmitted energy after passing through the second fracture zone and the total energy absorption value of the shallow support material of the coal face is determined. If the transmitted energy after the second fracture zone is greater than the total energy absorption value of the shallow support material of the coal face, a fracturing measure is implemented on the side of the second fracture zone adjacent to the coal face to form a third fracture zone, until the transmitted energy passing through the fracture zone closest to the side of the coal face is less than the total energy absorption value of the shallow support material of the coal face.

[0069] Understandably, after each fracturing measure, fracturing monitoring instruments are used to monitor the formation of fracts and changes in transmitted energy. Based on the monitoring results, the number, location, and intensity of fracturing zones are adjusted so that the transmitted energy through all fracturing zones is less than the total energy absorption value. This can significantly reduce the risk of rockbursts and improve the stability and safety of the roadway.

[0070] The following describes an example of determining the number of fracture zones: Coal samples were obtained from the roadway sidewalls using a core drilling rig. The coal cores were transported to the laboratory, and standard coal samples were prepared, simulating a tree-like fractured cavity. A polyurethane grouting material formula was used to prepare polyurethane standard samples for subsequent experiments. Polyurethane thicknesses of 10mm, 15mm, and 20mm were prepared in five sets for each. Impact compression tests were performed on each set of samples, and the incident energy of all samples was recorded as approximately 60J. Based on the energy formula, the transmission energy percentage under different polyurethane thicknesses was calculated to be 30%, indicating that only 18J of the 60J incident energy remained after passing through the composite sample. Through experimental testing of the energy absorption of the anchor bolts and cables used in the roadway sidewalls, the energy absorption of the sidewall support material was found to be 2000J / m. 2 Historical microseismic monitoring data of the mine was reviewed, and the historical maximum impact energy was found to be 100,000 J. Based on the actual conditions of the historical maximum impact event, a numerical model was established to simulate the impact energy per unit area of ​​the roadway sidewall under the condition of maximum energy excitation from the impact source location, which is 20,000 J / m². 2 Based on this, the transmission energy after passing through one fracture zone is calculated to be 20000 * 0.3 = 6000 J / m. 2 2000 J / m higher than that of the support material 2 The energy absorption capacity does not meet safety requirements. It is necessary to retreat 5m from the location of the first fracturing section towards the borehole opening, select a new fracturing section for fracturing and grouting, forming a second fracture zone. The calculated transmitted energy through the second fracture zone is 6000 * 0.3 = 1800 J / m. 2 2000 J / m lower than that of the support material 2 The energy absorption capacity meets the requirements. Therefore, the number of fracture zones is determined to be two.

[0071] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0072] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0073] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0074] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0075] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0076] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for resisting the impact of coal seams in roadways prone to rock bursts, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Take coal core samples from the sidewall of the target roadway and prepare standard samples. Conduct impact compression tests on the standard samples and calculate the average percentage of transmitted energy under different polyurethane thickness conditions. S2. Based on the test results, conduct ground stress tests on the target tunnel to obtain data on the maximum horizontal principal stress, minimum horizontal principal stress, and vertical stress. The test results include reviewing historical microseismic monitoring data, establishing a numerical model based on the actual conditions of the historical maximum impact event, simulating the impact energy value per unit area of ​​the roadway sidewall under the condition of maximum energy value excited from the impact source location, calculating the ratio of the impact energy value to the transmitted energy, and determining the transmitted energy after passing through the first fracture zone and the total energy absorption value of the shallow support material of the coal seam sidewall. If the transmitted energy after passing through the first fracture zone is greater than or equal to the total energy absorption value of the shallow support material of the coal seam sidewall, then fracturing measures are implemented on the side of the first fracture zone adjacent to the coal seam sidewall to form a second fracture zone. Determine the magnitude of the transmitted energy after passing through the second fracture zone and the total energy absorption value of the shallow support material of the coal body side. If the transmitted energy after passing through the second fracture zone is greater than the total energy absorption value of the shallow support material of the coal body side, then implement fracturing measures on the side of the second fracture zone adjacent to the coal body side to form a third fracture zone, until the transmitted energy passing through the nearest fracture zone on the side of the coal body side is less than the total energy absorption value of the shallow support material of the coal body side. S3. Multiple rows of boreholes are drilled on the sidewalls of the working face of the roadway, facing inwards, and adjacent boreholes are arranged in a V-shape along the vertical direction of the roadway. The plurality of boreholes are arranged at intervals along the height of the roadway. In the direction from the roadway wall towards the coal seam, the boreholes are divided into reinforcement sections and buffer sections. The distance between the first ends of two adjacent boreholes is less than the distance between the second ends of two adjacent boreholes. The buffer section is used for fracturing, and a fracture zone is formed axially in the buffer section. Two adjacent fracture zones are spaced apart in the height direction of the roadway. The buffer section is filled with energy-absorbing material. The reinforced section is used to fill the reinforcing material; It also includes an anchoring assembly for anchoring into the coal seam of the roadway, the anchoring assembly including a plurality of anchors, the plurality of anchors being arranged at intervals along the direction of the roadway; S4. Implement fracturing measures at the bottom of the borehole to form at least one fracture zone in the circumferential direction of the borehole and along the extension direction of the borehole. S5. Inject energy-absorbing material into the borehole. After the energy-absorbing material completely fills the fracture zone, inject reinforcing material into the borehole. S6. Drive multiple anchors into the coal seam of the roadway sidewall and calculate the impact energy absorption capacity of the anchors to obtain the total energy absorption value of the shallow support material of the coal seam sidewall.

2. The method for resisting impact on the coal seam of the sidewalls in roadways subject to rock bursts, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... In step S1, the impact compression test includes: drilling holes in the standard specimen, implementing cracking measures, filling with energy-absorbing material and reinforcing material, and measuring incident energy, reflected energy, transmitted energy and absorbed energy to calculate the average percentage of transmitted energy under different energy-absorbing material thickness conditions.

3. The method for resisting impact on the coal seam of the sidewalls in roadways subject to rock bursts, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The energy-absorbing material includes polyurethane material, and the reinforcing material includes cement slurry material.

4. An anti-impact system for the coal seam of a roadway subjected to rockburst, the anti-impact system for the coal seam of a roadway subjected to rockburst is used to implement the anti-impact method for the coal seam of a roadway subjected to rockburst as described in any one of claims 1-3, comprising the multi-row drilling and anchoring assembly as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of boreholes includes a first borehole and a second borehole, at least one of which is arranged at an angle relative to the horizontal direction.

5. The anti-impact system for the coal seam sidewalls of roadways subjected to rock bursts according to claim 4, characterized in that, There are multiple fracture zones, which are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the borehole, and a portion of the fracture zone extends into the roof of the coal seam.

6. The anti-impact system for the coal seam sidewalls of roadways subjected to rock bursts according to claim 5, characterized in that, Along the extension direction of the borehole, the distance between two adjacent fracture zones is greater than the sum of the radii of the two fracture zones.

7. The anti-impact system for the coal seam sidewalls of roadways subjected to rock bursts according to claim 4, characterized in that, The length of the buffer section is less than or equal to the length of the reinforcement section.

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