Method and device for analyzing charge fluctuation lightning channel, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The application discloses a charge fluctuation lightning channel analysis method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium, which are used for solving the technical problems that the current dipole model has great limitations, the calculation result is not accurate enough in the near field, the model convergence is insufficient, and the simulation result is unstable. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring observation data of a lightning channel; introducing a continuity equation to separate the positions of the charge and the current of the lightning channel according to the observation data, and adjusting the position of the charge after the position separation; and performing electromagnetic field calculation based on electric field correction according to the current distribution and the charge after the position adjustment to obtain the electric field distribution of the lightning channel. Thus, the position of the charge and the current is separated by introducing the continuity equation, the charge distribution can be adjusted more flexibly, the position of the charge element can be freely adjusted, the error caused by the position limitation under the near field condition is reduced, the calculation accuracy in the near field is improved, and the calculation stability and efficiency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electromagnetic field simulation technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for analyzing charge fluctuation lightning channels. Background Technology

[0002] In numerical simulations of electromagnetic fields, especially lightning channels, the size of the discretized cells directly affects the convergence and accuracy of the calculations. As a complex, transient, high-frequency current source, the charge and current distribution of a lightning channel exhibits dynamic changes in space.

[0003] Currently, the dipole model is mainly used for discrete simulation of lightning channels. In this model, the positions of charge and current elements are fixed; that is, the charge can only be distributed at both ends of the current element. The limitations of the dipole model are particularly evident in electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic interference simulations. The traditional dipole model tightly couples the positions of charge and current elements, thus limiting the accurate description of the electromagnetic field, especially in the near field and complex transient environments. This limitation not only leads to inaccurate calculation results in the near field but also restricts the size of the discrete element. Excessively large discrete elements result in insufficient model convergence and unstable simulation results. Therefore, the dipole model can only be finely discretized while maintaining a small element size, which undoubtedly increases the computational burden significantly. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for analyzing charge fluctuation lightning channels, which solves or partially solves the technical problems of the current dipole model having significant limitations, resulting in inaccurate calculation results in the near field, insufficient model convergence, and unstable simulation results.

[0005] This invention provides a method for analyzing charge fluctuations in lightning channels, the method comprising:

[0006] Acquire observation data of the lightning channel;

[0007] Based on the observation data, a continuity equation is introduced to separate the charge and current in the lightning channel, and the position of the separated charge is adjusted.

[0008] The electric field distribution of the lightning channel is obtained by performing electromagnetic field calculations based on electric field corrections using the current distribution and the position-adjusted charge.

[0009] Optionally, the observation data includes charge density, the source point where the charge and current were located before separation, and the spatial distance between the source point and the observation point; the step of introducing a continuity equation to separate the charge and current of the lightning channel based on the observation data includes:

[0010] A continuity equation is constructed based on the charge density, the source point, and the spatial distance; the continuity equation is used to decouple the charge and current of the lightning channel at their positions, so as to achieve positional separation between the charge and the current.

[0011] Optionally, the expression for the continuity equation is as follows:

[0012]

[0013] in, Indicates current; Indicates charge density; Represents spatial coordinates in the vertical direction; This represents the spatial distance between the source point and the observation point; Represents the speed of light; Represents a time variable.

[0014] Optionally, adjusting the position of the separated charges includes:

[0015] The vertical coordinates of the separated charges are set to be consistent with the vertical coordinates of the current.

[0016] Optionally, the step of performing electromagnetic field calculations based on electric field correction according to the current distribution and the position-adjusted charge to obtain the electric field distribution of the lightning channel includes:

[0017] The magnetic vector potential is calculated based on the current distribution, and the electric potential is calculated based on the charge after position adjustment.

[0018] Based on the electric potential and the magnetic vector potential, an initial electric field distribution under non-destructive ground conditions is constructed; the initial electric field distribution includes a horizontal electric field component and a vertical electric field component;

[0019] Considering the detrimental ground conditions, the horizontal electric field component is corrected to obtain the corrected horizontal electric field component.

[0020] Based on the modified horizontal electric field component and the vertical electric field component, a target electric field distribution is constructed as the electric field distribution of the lightning channel.

[0021] Optionally, the expression for calculating the potential is as follows:

[0022]

[0023] The expression for calculating the magnetic vector potential is as follows:

[0024]

[0025] in, Indicates time The electric potential; Represents the vacuum permittivity; Indicates the location of the observation point; This indicates the location of the charge after the position adjustment; express The position of the mirror image relative to the ground plane; Indicates that the electric field from spread to Time required; express Charge density at the location; express Charge density at the location; Represents the integral volume; Represents the magnetic vector potential. Indicates time Magnetic vector potential; Indicates the permeability of free space; This indicates the location of the current distribution after the position is separated; express The position of the mirror image relative to the ground plane; Indicates that the magnetic field comes from spread to Time required; express Current density at; express The current density at that location.

[0026] Optionally, the horizontal electric field component can be corrected using the following formula:

[0027]

[0028]

[0029] in, This represents the corrected horizontal electric field component under detrimental ground conditions. This represents the horizontal electric field component under undamaged ground conditions; This represents the horizontal electric field correction term; This represents the magnetic vector potential component perpendicular to the ground. Represents the magnetic vector potential component In the horizontal direction Partial derivatives on; Indicates the electrical conductivity of the Earth's surface; It represents angular frequency.

[0030] The present invention also provides a charge fluctuation lightning channel analysis device, comprising:

[0031] The data acquisition unit is used to acquire observation data of the lightning channel;

[0032] The position separation and adjustment unit is used to separate the charge and current of the lightning channel based on the observation data by introducing a continuity equation, and to adjust the position of the separated charge.

[0033] The electromagnetic field calculation unit is used to perform electromagnetic field calculations based on electric field correction according to the current distribution and the position-adjusted charge, so as to obtain the electric field distribution of the lightning channel.

[0034] The present invention also provides an electronic device, the device comprising a processor and a memory:

[0035] The memory is used to store program code and transmit the program code to the processor;

[0036] The processor is used to execute the charge fluctuation lightning channel analysis method as described above, according to the instructions in the program code.

[0037] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing program code for executing the charge fluctuation lightning channel analysis method as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0038] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0039] A method for analyzing charge fluctuations in lightning channels is presented. First, observational data of the lightning channel is acquired. Then, based on this data, a continuity equation is introduced to separate the positions of charge and current in the lightning channel, and the positions of the separated charges are adjusted. Finally, electromagnetic field calculations based on electric field correction are performed using the current distribution and the adjusted charges to obtain the electric field distribution of the lightning channel. By introducing a continuity equation to separate the positions of charge and current, the traditional dipole model is improved, essentially constructing a new charge fluctuation analysis model for lightning channels. Based on the decoupling and adjustment of charge and current positions, the charge distribution can be adjusted more flexibly, allowing the positions of charge elements to be freely adjusted, reducing errors caused by positional constraints under near-field conditions. This improves both near-field calculation accuracy and computational stability and efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the steps of a charge fluctuation lightning channel analysis method;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of a method for analyzing lightning channels with charge fluctuations.

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a large-scale photovoltaic system in a specific example;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the voltage difference between blocking diodes under induced lightning strikes at different distances in a traditional model.

[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram comparing the voltage difference between blocking diodes before and after cable path optimization under induced lightning strikes at different distances.

[0046] Figure 6 This is a structural block diagram of a charge fluctuation lightning channel analysis device. Detailed Implementation

[0047] This invention provides a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for analyzing charge fluctuation lightning channels, which solves or partially solves the technical problems of the current dipole model having significant limitations, resulting in inaccurate calculation results in the near field, insufficient model convergence, and unstable simulation results.

[0048] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0049] As an example, the dipole model is currently the primary method for discrete simulation of lightning channels. In this model, the positions of charge and current elements are fixed; that is, the charge can only be distributed at both ends of the current element. The limitations of the dipole model are particularly evident in electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic interference simulations. The traditional dipole model tightly couples the positions of charge and current elements, thus limiting the accurate description of the electromagnetic field, especially in the near field and complex transient environments. This limitation not only leads to inaccurate calculation results in the near field but also restricts the size of the discrete element. Excessively large discrete elements result in insufficient model convergence and unstable simulation results. Therefore, the dipole model can only be finely discretized while maintaining a small element size, which undoubtedly increases the computational burden significantly.

[0050] Further analysis of this invention reveals that the currently used dipole model has the following two major drawbacks:

[0051] Firstly, the tight coupling between charge and current positions leads to inaccurate near-field calculations and a lack of flexibility.

[0052] The dipole model assumes that charges can only be located at the two ends of the current element. This tight coupling in position restricts the independent distribution of charge and current. Under near-field conditions, because the spatial distance between charges and currents cannot be adjusted, their positions relative to the observation point may be significantly different, making it impossible to accurately describe changes in the electromagnetic field and affecting the accuracy of near-field calculations. This is particularly true in the calculation of transient current sources such as lightning channels. Furthermore, because the dipole model restricts charge distribution to the two ends of the current element, the lack of flexible control over charge and current distribution limits its application in complex electromagnetic environments.

[0053] Secondly, the size of discrete units is limited, resulting in low computational efficiency.

[0054] When discretizing lightning channels using the dipole model, the positional coupling of charge and current prevents the use of large element sizes (increasing element size leads to insufficient convergence and numerical instability). Therefore, smaller discrete elements are needed to maintain model convergence and computational accuracy. This significantly increases computational cost and time, impacting overall computational efficiency. Consequently, it not only increases computational complexity but also places higher demands on computational resources, making it difficult to meet the requirements for rapid response.

[0055] With the deepening research on the electromagnetic effects of lightning and the near-field region of antennas, there is an urgent need to improve the dipole model so that it can provide high-precision near-field calculations while maintaining high computational efficiency.

[0056] Therefore, one of the core inventive points of this invention is to provide a method for analyzing charge fluctuations in lightning channels. By introducing a continuity equation to separate the positions of charge and current, the traditional dipole model is improved, which is equivalent to constructing a new charge fluctuation analysis model for analyzing charge fluctuation lightning channels. Based on the decoupling and adjustment of the positions of charge and current, the charge distribution can be adjusted more flexibly, allowing the position of charge elements to be freely adjusted, reducing errors caused by positional constraints under near-field conditions, thereby improving near-field calculation accuracy while enhancing computational stability and efficiency. Simultaneously, the constructed charge fluctuation analysis model also allows for increasing the size of discrete elements in the lightning channel while maintaining convergence, reducing the number of discrete elements, i.e., reducing the need for refining discrete elements, thereby reducing computational complexity and time costs, and improving overall computational efficiency. This makes the model suitable for fast-response electromagnetic field simulations, especially performing better under long-distance lightning channels or high-frequency transient field conditions. Thus, through the technical solution of this invention, not only can near-field calculation accuracy be improved, but the size of discrete elements can also be increased, while simultaneously improving overall computational efficiency.

[0057] Reference Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of a charge fluctuation lightning channel analysis method provided by an embodiment of the present invention, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0058] Step 101: Obtain observation data of the lightning channel;

[0059] Specifically, the observation data of the lightning channel includes charge density, the source point where the charge and current were located before separation (for ease of explanation, the charge and current before separation are considered as a whole), and the spatial distance between the source point and the observation point.

[0060] Step 102: Based on the observation data, a continuity equation is introduced to separate the charge and current of the lightning channel, and the position of the separated charge is adjusted.

[0061] This step primarily separates the positions of charge and current, allowing the spatial location of the charge to be freely adjusted, thus overcoming the limitations imposed by the fixed positions of charge and current in the traditional dipole model. Simultaneously, a continuity equation is introduced to ensure the physical consistency of charge and current.

[0062] In practical implementation, based on observational data, a continuity equation is introduced to separate the positions of charge and current in the lightning channel. This can be achieved by constructing a continuity equation based on charge density, source point, and spatial distance. The continuity equation is used to decouple the positions of charge and current in the lightning channel, thereby achieving positional separation between them.

[0063] Specifically, the expression for the continuity equation is as follows:

[0064]

[0065] in, Indicates current; Charge density (unit: coulombs per cubic meter) represents the amount of charge per unit volume. Spatial coordinates in the vertical direction (unit: meters); Indicates the spatial distance (in meters) between the source point (charge / current location) and the observation point; Represents the speed of light (unit: meters per second), with a value of 3 × 10⁻⁶. 8 m / s; Represents a time variable (unit: seconds).

[0066] By decoupling the positions of charge and current, the charge density is allowed to... and current The independent distribution of these components improves near-field accuracy.

[0067] Furthermore, the position of the separated charges can be adjusted, specifically by setting the vertical coordinates of the separated charges to be consistent with the vertical coordinates of the current.

[0068] Near-field calculations require a high-precision description of the instantaneous spatial distribution of charge and current. Traditional dipole models, due to the fixed coupling of charge and current positions, exhibit significant errors in the near field (e.g., the distance between a lightning channel and the observation point is ≤50 meters). Therefore, this invention, based on the calculation requirements of the near-field region, sets the vertical coordinates of charge and current to be consistent, thereby reducing the spatial distance between them and improving the accuracy and convergence of near-field calculations.

[0069] Specifically, the positions of charge elements and current elements are aligned in the vertical direction (z-axis) (sharing the same z-coordinate), instead of the traditional model where the charge is fixed at both ends of the current element. In the traditional model, when the discrete unit is large (e.g., 40–50 meters), the spatial separation of charge and current leads to the accumulation of near-field integration errors. However, by aligning the positions of charge and current, the spatial distance error is reduced, and the integration stability is improved.

[0070] Step 103: Perform electromagnetic field calculation based on electric field correction according to the current distribution and the charge after position adjustment to obtain the electric field distribution of the lightning channel.

[0071] This step mainly involves substituting the adjusted charge and current distributions into the electromagnetic field equations to calculate the electric and magnetic field components (i.e., electric potential and magnetic vector potential) of the lightning channel, and then combining this with electric field correction to output the final electric field distribution.

[0072] In some embodiments, the process of obtaining the electric field distribution of a lightning channel by performing electromagnetic field calculations based on electric field correction according to the current distribution and the position-adjusted charge can mainly include the following sub-steps S1 to S4:

[0073] Step S1: Calculate the magnetic vector potential based on the current distribution, and calculate the electric potential based on the charge after position adjustment;

[0074] Specifically, the expression for calculating the electric potential is as follows:

[0075]

[0076] The expression for calculating the magnetic vector potential is as follows:

[0077]

[0078] in, Indicates time The electric potential; Represents the vacuum permittivity; Indicates the location of the observation point; This indicates the location of the charge after the position adjustment; express The position of the mirror image (the mirror image term is used to account for the reflection effect of the ground on the electromagnetic field) relative to the ground plane; Indicates that the electric field from spread to Time required; express Charge density at the location; express Charge density at the location; Represents the integral volume; Represents the magnetic vector potential. Indicates time Magnetic vector potential; Indicates the permeability of free space; This indicates the location of the current distribution after the position is separated; express The position of the mirror image relative to the ground plane; Indicates that the magnetic field comes from spread to Time required; express Current density at; express The current density at that location.

[0079] Step S2: Based on the electric potential and magnetic vector potential, construct the initial electric field distribution under the condition of no damage to the ground;

[0080] Specifically, the initial electric field distribution under the condition of no ground damage is shown below:

[0081]

[0082] in, Indicates the electric field distribution; This indicates gradient calculation.

[0083] Initial electric field distribution Further components may include horizontal electric field components. With vertical electric field component .

[0084] Step S3: Considering the detrimental ground conditions, perform electric field correction on the horizontal electric field component to obtain the corrected horizontal electric field component;

[0085] The vertical electric field component retains the original calculation results without damage to the ground, and the horizontal electric field component is corrected using the following formula:

[0086]

[0087]

[0088] in, This represents the corrected horizontal electric field component under detrimental ground conditions. This represents the horizontal electric field component under undamaged ground conditions; This represents the horizontal electric field correction term; This represents the magnetic vector potential component perpendicular to the ground. Represents the magnetic vector potential component In the horizontal direction Partial derivatives on; Indicates the electrical conductivity of the Earth's surface; It represents angular frequency.

[0089] Step S4: Based on the corrected horizontal and vertical electric field components, construct the target electric field distribution as the electric field distribution of the lightning channel.

[0090] Furthermore, assuming that the target electric field distribution constructed after electric field correction is as follows: It can Integration yields the coupled voltage source on the transmission line within the influence range of the lightning channel, i.e., the external voltage source. :

[0091]

[0092] in, Indicates the length of the transmission line.

[0093] This invention provides a method for analyzing lightning channels with charge fluctuations. Firstly, by introducing a continuity equation to separate the positions of charge and current, the traditional dipole model is improved, effectively constructing a new charge fluctuation analysis model for lightning channels with charge fluctuations. Based on the decoupling and adjustment of the positions of charge and current, the charge distribution can be adjusted more flexibly, allowing the position of charge elements to be freely adjusted. This reduces errors caused by positional constraints under near-field conditions, thereby improving near-field calculation accuracy while enhancing computational stability and efficiency. Simultaneously, the constructed charge fluctuation analysis model allows for increasing the size of discrete elements in the lightning channel while maintaining convergence, reducing the number of discrete elements and the need for refined discrete elements. This reduces computational complexity and time costs, improving overall computational efficiency. The model is suitable for simulations of fast-response electromagnetic fields, especially performing better under long-distance lightning channels or high-frequency transient field conditions. Therefore, this invention not only improves near-field calculation accuracy but also increases the size of discrete elements while simultaneously enhancing overall computational efficiency.

[0094] For better explanation, refer to Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the overall flow of a charge fluctuation lightning channel analysis method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that this embodiment only provides a brief description of the general flow of charge fluctuation lightning channel analysis. The specific implementation process of each step can be understood by referring to the relevant content in the foregoing embodiments, and will not be elaborated upon here. It is understood that the present invention does not impose any limitations on this.

[0095] Step 201: Obtain the charge density of the lightning channel, the source point where the charge and current were located before separation, and the spatial distance between the source point and the observation point;

[0096] Step 202: Based on the charge density, source point, and spatial distance, construct a continuity equation to separate the charge and current in the lightning channel and adjust the position of the separated charge.

[0097] Step 203: Calculate the magnetic vector potential based on the current distribution, and calculate the electric potential based on the charge after position adjustment;

[0098] Step 204: Based on the electric potential and magnetic vector potential, construct the initial electric field distribution including the horizontal electric field component and the vertical electric field component under the condition of no damage to the ground;

[0099] Step 205: Considering the detrimental ground conditions, perform electric field correction on the horizontal electric field component to obtain the corrected horizontal electric field component;

[0100] Step 206: Based on the corrected horizontal and vertical electric field components, construct the target electric field distribution as the electric field distribution of the lightning channel.

[0101] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following specific example is used to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention.

[0102] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a large-scale photovoltaic system in this example scenario is shown.

[0103] The photovoltaic (PV) arrays consist of a row of photovoltaic panels. A DC cable runs along the PV array, connecting to the inverter. The inverter is then connected to the transformer via a 5-meter AC cable. For simplicity, the DC cable, PV structural frame, PV grounding frame, and power distribution lines between the inverter and transformer are represented using the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) method. In this example, the DC cable is 70 meters long, the lightning channel discrete unit is 20 meters, and the soil conductivity is 0.01 S / m.

[0104] A schematic diagram of the voltage difference between blocking diodes under induced lightning strikes at different distances is shown below. Figure 4 As shown. From Figure 4 As can be seen in (a), the voltage across the blocking diode rises sharply as the distance to the induced lightning strike decreases. At a distance of 120 meters, the diode voltage rises to approximately 3 kV, exceeding the withstand voltage threshold (100V), putting the diode at risk of permanent breakdown. Figure 4 As shown in (b), when the distance is reduced to 250 meters, the voltage drops to approximately 140 V. When the distance reaches 300 meters, the voltage drops below 100 V. Therefore, even under induced lightning strikes, the blocking diodes of large-scale photovoltaic systems can still suffer permanent damage, especially when the lightning strike distance is less than 300 meters.

[0105] Because the existing photovoltaic cable loop is quite long, this example adjusts the path of the photovoltaic DC cable to reduce the induced voltage on the diodes. Specifically, a small 13-meter loop unit is used, with staggered connections every 13 meters. Based on this, the transient changes in induced voltage on the blocking diodes before and after the modification are compared, and calculations are performed at three selected distances: 120 meters, 170 meters, and 200 meters.

[0106] For example, a schematic diagram comparing the voltage difference between blocking diodes at different distances during induced lightning strikes before and after cable path optimization is shown below. Figure 5As shown in the diagram. The blue curve (cable loop) corresponds to the cable before optimization, i.e., the traditional model. The red curve (small coil) corresponds to the cable after optimization, i.e., the charge fluctuation analysis model constructed in this invention. Figure 5 As can be seen, compared with the traditional model, the charge fluctuation analysis model constructed in this invention reduces the voltage by 61% to 73% through cable structure optimization. This invention significantly reduces the induced overvoltage on the blocking diode through an improved small coil design, especially at distances within 170 meters.

[0107] Reference Figure 6 The diagram illustrates a structural block diagram of a charge fluctuation lightning channel analysis device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which may specifically include:

[0108] The data acquisition unit 601 is used to acquire observation data of the lightning channel;

[0109] The position separation and adjustment unit 602 is used to separate the charge and current of the lightning channel by introducing a continuity equation based on the observation data, and to adjust the position of the separated charge.

[0110] The electromagnetic field calculation unit 603 is used to perform electromagnetic field calculations based on electric field correction according to the current distribution and the position-adjusted charge, so as to obtain the electric field distribution of the lightning channel.

[0111] In one optional embodiment, the observation data includes charge density, the source point where the charge and current were located before separation, and the spatial distance between the source point and the observation point; the position separation adjustment unit 602 includes:

[0112] The position separation unit is used to construct a continuity equation based on the charge density, the source point, and the spatial distance; the continuity equation is used to decouple the charge and current of the lightning channel to achieve position separation between the charge and the current.

[0113] In one alternative embodiment, the expression for the continuity equation is as follows:

[0114]

[0115] in, Indicates current; Indicates charge density; Represents spatial coordinates in the vertical direction; This represents the spatial distance between the source point and the observation point; Represents the speed of light; Represents a time variable.

[0116] In one alternative embodiment, the position separation adjustment unit 602 includes:

[0117] The position adjustment unit is used to set the vertical coordinates of the separated charges to be consistent with the vertical coordinates of the current.

[0118] In one optional embodiment, the electromagnetic field calculation unit 603 includes:

[0119] The potential and magnetic vector potential calculation unit is used to calculate the magnetic vector potential based on the current distribution and the electric potential based on the charge after position adjustment.

[0120] An initial electric field distribution construction unit is used to construct an initial electric field distribution under non-destructive ground conditions based on the electric potential and the magnetic vector potential; the initial electric field distribution includes a horizontal electric field component and a vertical electric field component;

[0121] An electric field correction unit is used to consider detrimental ground conditions and correct the horizontal electric field component to obtain a corrected horizontal electric field component.

[0122] The target electric field distribution construction unit is used to construct a target electric field distribution based on the modified horizontal electric field component and the vertical electric field component, which serves as the electric field distribution of the lightning channel.

[0123] In one alternative embodiment, the potential is calculated as follows:

[0124]

[0125] The expression for calculating the magnetic vector potential is as follows:

[0126]

[0127] in, Indicates time The electric potential; Represents the vacuum permittivity; Indicates the location of the observation point; This indicates the location of the charge after the position adjustment; express The position of the mirror image relative to the ground plane; Indicates that the electric field from spread to Time required; express Charge density at the location; express Charge density at the location; Represents the integral volume; Represents the magnetic vector potential. Indicates time Magnetic vector potential; Indicates the permeability of free space; This indicates the location of the current distribution after the position is separated; express The position of the mirror image relative to the ground plane; Indicates that the magnetic field comes from spread to Time required; express Current density at; express The current density at that location.

[0128] In one alternative embodiment, the horizontal electric field component is corrected using the following formula:

[0129]

[0130]

[0131] in, This represents the corrected horizontal electric field component under detrimental ground conditions. This represents the horizontal electric field component under undamaged ground conditions; This represents the horizontal electric field correction term; This represents the magnetic vector potential component perpendicular to the ground. Represents the magnetic vector potential component In the horizontal direction Partial derivatives on; Indicates the electrical conductivity of the Earth's surface; It represents angular frequency.

[0132] As the device embodiment is basically similar to the method embodiment, it is described in a relatively simple way. For relevant details, please refer to the description of the method embodiment above.

[0133] This invention also provides an electronic device, which includes a processor and a memory:

[0134] The memory is used to store program code and transfer the program code to the processor;

[0135] The processor is used to execute the charge fluctuation lightning channel analysis method of any embodiment of the present invention according to the instructions in the program code.

[0136] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing program code for executing the charge fluctuation lightning channel analysis method of any embodiment of this invention.

[0137] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0138] In the embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units through some interfaces, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0139] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0140] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0141] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0142] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for analyzing charge fluctuations in lightning channels, characterized in that, include: Acquire observation data of the lightning channel; Based on the observation data, a continuity equation is introduced to separate the charge and current in the lightning channel, and the position of the separated charge is adjusted. The electric field distribution of the lightning channel is obtained by performing electromagnetic field calculations based on electric field correction, using the current distribution and the position-adjusted charge. The observation data includes charge density, the source point where the charge and current were located before separation, and the spatial distance between the source point and the observation point; the step of introducing a continuity equation to separate the charge and current of the lightning channel based on the observation data includes: Based on the charge density, the source point, and the spatial distance, a continuity equation is constructed. This continuity equation is used to decouple the charge and current of the lightning channel at their positions, thereby achieving positional separation between the charge and current. The expression of the continuity equation is as follows: ； in, Indicates current; Indicates charge density; Represents spatial coordinates in the vertical direction; This represents the spatial distance between the source point and the observation point; Represents the speed of light; Represents a time variable; The step of performing electromagnetic field calculations based on electric field correction according to the current distribution and the position-adjusted charge to obtain the electric field distribution of the lightning channel includes: The magnetic vector potential is calculated based on the current distribution, and the electric potential is calculated based on the charge after position adjustment. Based on the electric potential and the magnetic vector potential, an initial electric field distribution under non-destructive ground conditions is constructed; the initial electric field distribution includes a horizontal electric field component and a vertical electric field component; Considering the detrimental ground conditions, the horizontal electric field component is corrected to obtain the corrected horizontal electric field component. Based on the modified horizontal electric field component and the vertical electric field component, a target electric field distribution is constructed as the electric field distribution of the lightning channel; The electric field component of the horizontal electric field is corrected using the following formula: ； ； in, This represents the corrected horizontal electric field component under detrimental ground conditions. This represents the horizontal electric field component under undamaged ground conditions; This represents the horizontal electric field correction term; This represents the magnetic vector potential component perpendicular to the ground. Represents the magnetic vector potential component In the horizontal direction Partial derivatives on; Indicates the electrical conductivity of the Earth's surface; It represents angular frequency.

2. The method for analyzing charge fluctuation lightning channels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The position adjustment of the separated charges includes: The vertical coordinates of the separated charges are set to be consistent with the vertical coordinates of the current.

3. The method for analyzing charge fluctuation lightning channels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The expression for calculating the electric potential is as follows: The expression for calculating the magnetic vector potential is as follows: in, Indicates time The electric potential; Represents the vacuum permittivity; Indicates the location of the observation point; This indicates the location of the charge after the position adjustment; express The position of the mirror image relative to the ground plane; Indicates that the electric field from spread to Time required; express Charge density at the location; express Charge density at the location; Represents the integral volume; Represents the magnetic vector potential. Indicates time Magnetic vector potential; Indicates the permeability of free space; This indicates the location of the current distribution after the position is separated; express The position of the mirror image relative to the ground plane; Indicates that the magnetic field comes from spread to Time required; express Current density at; express The current density at that location.

4. A charge fluctuation lightning channel analysis device, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition unit is used to acquire observation data of the lightning channel; The position separation and adjustment unit is used to separate the charge and current of the lightning channel based on the observation data by introducing a continuity equation, and to adjust the position of the separated charge. An electromagnetic field calculation unit is used to perform electromagnetic field calculations based on electric field correction according to the current distribution and the position-adjusted charge, so as to obtain the electric field distribution of the lightning channel. The observation data includes charge density, the source point where the charge and current were located before separation, and the spatial distance between the source point and the observation point; the position separation adjustment unit includes: A position separation unit is used to construct a continuity equation based on the charge density, the source point, and the spatial distance. This continuity equation is used to decouple the charge and current of the lightning channel to achieve positional separation between them. The expression for the continuity equation is shown below: ； in, Indicates current; Indicates charge density; Represents spatial coordinates in the vertical direction; This represents the spatial distance between the source point and the observation point; Represents the speed of light; Represents a time variable; The electromagnetic field calculation unit includes: The potential and magnetic vector potential calculation unit is used to calculate the magnetic vector potential based on the current distribution and the electric potential based on the charge after position adjustment. An initial electric field distribution construction unit is used to construct an initial electric field distribution under non-destructive ground conditions based on the electric potential and the magnetic vector potential; the initial electric field distribution includes a horizontal electric field component and a vertical electric field component; An electric field correction unit is used to consider detrimental ground conditions and correct the horizontal electric field component to obtain a corrected horizontal electric field component. The target electric field distribution construction unit is used to construct a target electric field distribution based on the modified horizontal electric field component and the vertical electric field component, which serves as the electric field distribution of the lightning channel. The electric field component of the horizontal electric field is corrected using the following formula: ； ； in, This represents the corrected horizontal electric field component under detrimental ground conditions. This represents the horizontal electric field component under undamaged ground conditions; This represents the horizontal electric field correction term; This represents the magnetic vector potential component perpendicular to the ground. Represents the magnetic vector potential component In the horizontal direction Partial derivatives on; Indicates the electrical conductivity of the Earth's surface; It represents angular frequency.

5. An electronic device, characterized in that, The device includes a processor and a memory: The memory is used to store program code and transmit the program code to the processor; The processor is used to execute the charge fluctuation lightning channel analysis method according to any one of claims 1-3 according to the instructions in the program code.

6. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium is used to store program code for executing the charge fluctuation lightning channel analysis method according to any one of claims 1-3.

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