Tunnel deep buried ditch construction equipment and method

Abstract

The application discloses a tunnel deep buried water ditch construction equipment and method, comprising the following steps: S1: moving a self-propelled inverted arch trestle to a construction section, using a total station instrument to lay out an excavation boundary line of the deep buried water ditch, and marking the boundary line; S2: driving a tunneling equipment into an operation area, adjusting the center line of the tunneling equipment to be aligned with a design center line of the water ditch, simultaneously lifting a bridge machine slag conveying belt to a specified height, positioning a transport vehicle, and running the equipment in an empty load state; S3: starting a tunneling system of the tunneling equipment, and driving the tunneling equipment to perform a tunneling operation according to a preset track through a control system; S4: transporting the muck in a muck collecting system to a transport vehicle outside through a conveying belt; and S5: forming a base at the bottom of the water ditch after the water ditch is excavated, and simultaneously installing a temporary retaining wall. The device avoids the randomness of manual operation, is more convenient for process control, continuously constructs, reduces process connection gaps, and effectively avoids the problem of long exposure time of the inverted arch.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, specifically to a construction equipment and method for deep-buried water ditches in tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] During tunnel construction, deeply buried drainage ditches are crucial for ensuring tunnel structural stability and unimpeded drainage. They primarily collect and drain groundwater, construction seepage, and accumulated water from inside and around the tunnel, preventing water from freezing and causing blockages in cold, high-altitude regions, thus ensuring tunnel structural safety and a stable operating environment. Traditional methods for constructing deeply buried drainage ditches mainly rely on manual drilling and blasting operations. However, this method has revealed numerous insurmountable drawbacks in long-term practical application. With the continuous development of tunnel engineering, higher demands are placed on construction efficiency, safety, and project quality. Traditional manual drilling and blasting methods can no longer meet the needs of modern tunnel construction.

[0003] Patent CN 116164606 A discloses a precise blasting control method for a deep-buried central drainage ditch in a large-section tunnel, comprising the following steps: S1: Simultaneous blasting excavation of the tunnel invert and the central drainage ditch using a borehole blasting method, first marking the positions of the blasting boreholes evenly on the ground by measurement and marking lines; S2: Drilling holes at the pre-marked positions using drilling equipment, controlling the depth of the blast holes according to the actual shape of the invert and the distance between the central drainage ditch and the ground during the drilling process, with the blast hole depth increasing from both sides of the ground towards the center, and the blast hole depth at the central drainage ditch being greater than the blast hole depth at other locations;

[0004] S3: According to the pre-designed amount of explosives, the explosives are loaded into the blast hole, and then a digital electronic detonator is installed inside the blast hole and the blast hole is sealed. After taking relevant protective measures, the detonation operation is carried out, so that the tunnel invert arch and the deep-buried central drainage ditch can be blasted into shape in one go.

[0005] However, it still has the following problems:

[0006] 1. Manual drilling and blasting makes it difficult to precisely control the excavation outline, and over-excavation is common. Over-excavation requires backfilling with concrete, which increases construction costs.

[0007] 2. After drilling and blasting are completed, the conveying speed cannot be adjusted in real time according to the amount of excavated soil, which can easily lead to the accumulation of excavated soil or the transportation machinery running empty. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a construction equipment and method for deep-buried drainage ditches in tunnels.

[0009] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0010] This invention proposes a method for constructing deep-buried drainage ditches in tunnels, comprising the following steps:

[0011] S1: Move the self-propelled arch bridge to the construction section. The effective working length of the bridge is 50m. Protective railings are installed on both sides. Use a total station to lay out the excavation line of the deep-buried ditch and mark the line.

[0012] S2: Drive the tunneling equipment into the work area, adjust the center line of the tunneling equipment to align with the design center line of the ditch, and at the same time raise the slag removal conveyor belt of the approach bridge machine to the designated height, put the transport vehicle in place, run the equipment without load, check that the condition of each system is good, and proceed to the next step.

[0013] S3: Start the tunneling system of the tunneling equipment, drive the tunneling equipment to perform tunneling operations according to the preset trajectory through the control system, tunnel the broken rock mass, and at the same time use the slag collection system to collect the slag;

[0014] S4: The slag in the slag collection system is transported to transport vehicles by conveyor belt for off-site transportation. The configuration of transport vehicles is determined based on the amount of slag produced and the transportation distance.

[0015] S5: After the ditch is excavated, a base is formed at the bottom, and a temporary retaining wall is installed to prevent the side rock mass from collapsing or falling off.

[0016] Preferably, the treatment method for the drainage ditch base includes:

[0017] S11: Manual cleaning of the base slag, detection of the base elevation, installation of precast concrete base, and subsequent installation of precast reinforced concrete pipe;

[0018] S12: The remaining space between the precast reinforced concrete pipe and the foundation shall be backfilled with concrete and compacted by vibration;

[0019] S13: After backfilling concrete to the design height, geotextile non-woven fabric is laid on the outside of the central buried water pipe. When it reaches the corner of the backfill surface, the geotextile non-woven fabric is compacted with concrete. Then, the circumferential blind pipe is connected from the pre-reserved wedge hole of the drainage pipe to ensure that the blind pipe can penetrate deep into the central buried water pipe and be flush with the inner wall.

[0020] S14: The area around the central buried water pipe is backfilled with graded crushed stone, backfilled and compacted layer by layer, and backfilled to the bottom of the invert arch. During the backfilling process, a rammer is used for compaction.

[0021] S15: Use tunneling equipment to excavate the remaining parts on both sides of the invert arch, and immediately construct the initial support of the invert arch after the tunneling is completed.

[0022] Preferably, in S3, the trestle and conveyor belt can extend and retract with the tunneling equipment to ensure uninterrupted transport of slag.

[0023] Preferably, a contour check is performed every 1.0 meter of excavation.

[0024] Preferably, in S11, the reinforced concrete pipe has a tongue-and-groove rigid connection for the pipe joint, and the joint is made of steel wire mesh cement mortar with a grouting interface.

[0025] A tunnel deep-buried water ditch construction equipment is used to realize the above-mentioned tunnel deep-buried water ditch construction method. The tunneling equipment includes a frame, a conveyor belt is installed on the frame, a walking system is installed at the bottom of the frame, a tunneling arm is installed at the front end of the frame, a slag collection trough is set below the tunneling arm, the rear end of the slag collection trough is matched with the front end of the conveyor belt, and the rear end of the conveyor belt is matched with a transport vehicle.

[0026] Preferably, a slag receiving bin for receiving slag from the slag receiving trough is slidably mounted on the frame. The slag receiving bin is connected to the frame via a compression spring. A conveyor belt is installed at the bottom of the slag receiving bin, and the conveyor belt is directly connected to a motor. An upper switch and a lower switch are installed in parallel on the frame. Both the upper and lower switches are connected in series with the motor. When the slag receiving bin slides, it can cooperate with the upper or lower switch to energize it, thereby changing the speed of the motor.

[0027] Preferably, the frame is provided with a slide bar, and a pressure plate that cooperates with the upper switch and the lower switch is slidably connected to the slide bar. It also includes a gas spring, the front end of which is hinged to the pressure plate and the rear end of which is hinged to the frame. A gear is fixed to the rear end of the gas spring, and a rack that cooperates with the gear is fixed to the slag collection bin.

[0028] Preferably, an upper slider and a lower slider are slidably connected to the slide rod, and both the upper slider and the lower slider are locked to the slide rod by screws. The upper switch and the lower switch are fixed to the upper slider and the lower slider, respectively. The rack is detachably connected to the slag collection bin by bolts.

[0029] Preferably, the conveyor belt is driven by a motor, and the motor is connected in series with the electric motor.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0031] 1. This application utilizes mechanization to replace manual labor, allowing personnel to remotely control the equipment from the control room, thus avoiding direct contact between personnel and hazardous environments as in traditional construction. Furthermore, automated control enables precise excavation of the deep-buried trench outline, effectively controlling over-excavation, reducing backfill material usage, avoiding the randomness of manual operation, and facilitating process control. Simultaneously, continuous construction reduces gaps between work processes, effectively preventing excessive exposure time of the invert arch.

[0032] 2. This application is equipped with a slag receiving bin. By adjusting the up-and-down movement of the slag receiving bin, the amount of slag inside can be determined. This allows for adjustments to the speed of the motor and the control motor, ensuring that the slag conveying is kept within a reasonable range. When the amount of slag increases, the conveying speed is increased; when the amount decreases, the conveying speed is decreased. This reduces unnecessary power consumption of the electrodes and motor. By matching the amount of slag with the loading speed, the truck can be fully loaded with minimal waiting time and low-frequency transportation, which helps improve conveying efficiency.

[0033] 3. This application is equipped with a gas spring, which can push the pressure rod to continuously press one of the upper or lower switches. When the box moves up and down due to the slag, the gas spring can absorb the vibration through gas compression, preventing the fluctuations from being directly transmitted to the switch and affecting the switch's on / off state. When the slag collection bin drives the gas spring to rotate past the "horizontal line" through the rack, that is, only when the amount of slag in the box increases or decreases to a certain level, the gas spring can automatically change the direction of the force, push the pressure plate to contact and squeeze the other switch, avoiding frequent changes in motor speed caused by the up and down fluctuations of the box. At the same time, due to the existence of machine vibration, the gas spring is difficult to maintain a horizontal state on its own, so it always pushes the pressure plate to squeeze one of the upper and lower switches, which can prevent the motor from being de-energized. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall excavation process of the present invention (Example 1);

[0036] Figure 2 This is a top view of the overall excavation process of this invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the tunnel of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the construction process of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall excavation of the invention (Example 2);

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the state of the gas spring of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a side view of the slag collection bin of the present invention.

[0042] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0043] 1. Trench; 2. Conveyor belt; 3. Transport vehicle; 4. Frame; 5. Tunneling arm; 6. Slag collection chute; 7. Slag collection bin; 8. Conveyor belt; 9. Motor; 10. Upper switch; 11. Lower switch; 12. Slide rod; 13. Pressure plate; 14. Gas spring; 15. Gear; 16. Rack; 17. Upper slider; 18. Lower slider; 19. Screw; 20. Bolt; 21. Motor; 22. Compression spring; 23. Tunnel centerline; 24. Inner rail plane; 25. Deep-buried water ditch; 101. Expansion section; 102. Lead-in section. Detailed Implementation

[0044] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] refer to Figures 1-4 As shown in the figure, this embodiment proposes a method for constructing a deep-buried drainage ditch in a tunnel, including the following steps:

[0047] S1: Move the self-propelled arch bridge 1 to the construction section. The effective working length of the bridge is 50m. Protective railings are installed on both sides. Use a total station to lay out the excavation line of the deep-buried ditch and mark the line with red paint.

[0048] S2: Drive the tunneling equipment into the work area, adjust the center line of the tunneling equipment to align with the design center line of the ditch, and at the same time raise the slag removal conveyor belt 2 of the approach bridge machine to the designated height, put the transport vehicle 3 in place, run the equipment without load, check that the condition of each system is good, and proceed to the next step.

[0049] S3: Start the tunneling system of the tunneling equipment, drive the tunneling equipment to perform tunneling operations according to the preset trajectory through the control system, tunnel the broken rock mass, and at the same time use the slag collection system to collect the slag;

[0050] S4: The slag in the slag collection system is transported to the transport vehicle 3 via the conveyor belt 2 for external transport. The configuration of the transport vehicle 3 is determined according to the amount of slag produced, the transport distance, etc.

[0051] S5: After the ditch is excavated, a base is formed at the bottom, and a temporary retaining wall is installed to prevent the side rock mass from collapsing or falling off.

[0052] Electrical control system: It consists of control cabinet, operation panel, sensors and actuators, etc., and is used to realize the automated control and operation of equipment.

[0053] By adopting mechanical tunneling and excavation, the construction of deep-buried water ditches is mechanized, reducing the number of construction workers, improving construction efficiency, reducing safety risks, and forming a continuous and systematic construction of the inverted arch and deep-buried water ditches, thus ensuring project quality and construction progress.

[0054] Methods for treating the base of drainage ditches include:

[0055] S11: Manual cleaning of the base slag, detection of the base elevation, installation of precast concrete base, and subsequent installation of precast reinforced concrete pipe;

[0056] S12: The remaining space between the precast reinforced concrete pipe and the foundation shall be backfilled with concrete and compacted by vibration;

[0057] S13: After backfilling concrete to the design height, geotextile non-woven fabric is laid on the outside of the central buried water pipe. When it reaches the corner of the backfill surface, the geotextile non-woven fabric is compacted with concrete. Then, the circumferential blind pipe is connected from the pre-reserved wedge hole of the drainage pipe to ensure that the blind pipe can penetrate deep into the central buried water pipe and be flush with the inner wall.

[0058] S14: The area around the central buried water pipe is backfilled with graded crushed stone, backfilled and compacted layer by layer, and backfilled to the bottom of the invert arch. During the backfilling process, a rammer is used for compaction.

[0059] S15: Use tunneling equipment to excavate the remaining parts on both sides of the invert arch, and immediately construct the initial support of the invert arch after the tunneling is completed.

[0060] Automated control enables precise excavation of the deep-buried trench outline, effectively controlling over-excavation, reducing backfill material, avoiding the randomness of manual operation, and facilitating process control. At the same time, continuous construction reduces gaps between processes, effectively avoiding the problem of excessive exposure time of the invert arch.

[0061] In S3, the trestle 1 and conveyor belt 2 can extend and retract with the tunneling equipment to ensure uninterrupted transport of slag.

[0062] A profile check is performed every 1.0 meter of excavation.

[0063] In S11, reinforced concrete pipes use tongue-and-groove rigid connections for pipe joints, and the joints are sealed with steel wire mesh and cement mortar.

[0064] At the front end of the trestle 1, there is also a telescopic section 101 that can extend and retract longitudinally with the frame 4. At the front end of the telescopic section is a leading section 102. The leading section 102 is a key structure for the extension of the tunnel trestle to the unconstructed area or the work face to be connected. Its core function is to build a safe and continuous transition passage, connect the constructed area with the work face to be connected, and ensure the smooth passage of construction equipment, personnel and material transportation.

[0065] For example, a self-propelled hydraulic inverted arch trestle is equipped with a hydraulic system, including various lifting cylinders and related hydraulic pump stations and pipelines. The hydraulic pump station provides pressure to drive the lifting cylinders, enabling the trestle to extend or retract. When the trestle needs to extend or retract forward, the hydraulic system controls the cylinders to move the extension section relative to the fixed section, thereby changing the length of the trestle to adapt to the needs of different stages of tunnel construction.

[0066] A tunnel deep-buried water ditch construction equipment is used to realize the above-mentioned tunnel deep-buried water ditch construction method. The tunneling equipment includes a frame 4, a conveyor belt 2 installed on the frame 4, a walking system installed at the bottom of the frame 4, a tunneling arm 5 installed at the front end of the frame 4, a slag collection chute 6 set below the tunneling arm 5, the rear end of the slag collection chute 6 cooperating with the front end of the conveyor belt 2, and the rear end of the conveyor belt 2 cooperating with the transport vehicle 3.

[0067] The front end of the tunneling arm 5 is a milling head, which adopts a chain cutting structure. The milling head is driven to rotate by a power component, thereby excavating the tunnel. As the tunneling arm 5 moves forward, the front retractable leading part of the conveyor belt 2 and the trestle 1 extends forward to ensure uninterrupted transport of excavated material. During the excavation process, the rock mass is milled and broken, and the excavated material is collected into the excavated material collection trough 6 using the excavated material collection system.

[0068] An additional slag collection conveyor belt can be installed on the slag collection trough 6 to facilitate the upward transport of slag when the slag collection trough 6 is tilted to collect slag.

[0069] As the frame moves forward, the slag collection chute 6 can collect the slag milled off by the tunneling arm 5. The slag is then conveyed upwards at the inclination angle of the slag collection chute 6 to the front end of the conveyor belt 2. The conveyor belt 2 then operates to transport the slag into the transport vehicle 3.

[0070] The bottom of frame 4 is equipped with a tracked walking system, which can adapt to the complex terrain inside the tunnel and ensure stable and reliable movement of the equipment. The tracked system is equipped with an independent drive motor and a reduction gear, which can realize the forward, backward and turning movements of the equipment, and the walking speed can be adjusted according to the construction needs.

[0071] Example 2

[0072] Reference Appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 7 The other structures are the same as in Embodiment 1. The difference is that this embodiment takes into account the problem that the conveying speed cannot be adjusted in real time according to the quantity of slag during the conveying of soil and slag.

[0073] A slag receiving bin 7 for receiving slag from the slag receiving trough 6 slides on the frame 4. The slag receiving bin 7 is connected to the frame 4 via a compression spring 22. A conveyor belt 8 is installed at the bottom of the slag receiving bin 7. The conveyor belt 8 is directly connected to a motor 9. An upper switch 10 and a lower switch 11 are installed in parallel on the frame 4. Both the upper switch 10 and the lower switch 11 are connected in series with the motor 9. When the slag receiving bin 7 slides, it can cooperate with the upper switch 10 or the lower switch 11 to energize it, thereby changing the speed of the motor 9.

[0074] When there is enough space on the frame 4, the soil collected by the slag collection trough 6 is directly fed into the slag collection bin 7 at the rear end of the slag collection trough 6. When the space on the frame 4 is limited and the slag collection trough 6 does not have a suitable length or angle, the soil is transported to the slag collection bin 7 by a transfer device. The slag collection bin 7 is then transported to the conveyor belt 2 by the bottom conveyor belt 8. The conveyor belt transports the soil to the transport vehicle 3 for outward transport.

[0075] The transfer device can be a screw conveyor or an inclined conveyor belt or other existing conveying equipment.

[0076] The upper switch 10 and the lower switch 11 are connected in parallel. At any given time, only the upper switch 10 or the lower switch 11 is connected in series with the motor 9 and energized. The current in the circuit where the upper switch 10 is located is greater than the current in the circuit where the lower switch 11 is located. Therefore, the speed of the motor 9 when it is connected in series with the upper switch 10 is greater than the speed when it is connected in series with the lower switch 11.

[0077] A small resistor is connected in series with the upper switch 10, and a large resistor is connected in series with the lower switch 11. Under a constant voltage, this makes the current through the upper switch 10 greater than the current through the lower switch 11.

[0078] The upper switch 10 and the lower switch 11 are normally closed push-button switches or normally closed push-button switches. Their characteristic is that when the button is pressed, the circuit is closed (energized); when the button is released, the circuit automatically returns to open (broken circuit). The working principle of this switch is based on the elastic restoring force of a spring. When the button is pressed, the spring is compressed, the contacts close, and the circuit is connected; when the button is released, the spring returns to its original state, the contacts separate again, and the circuit is broken.

[0079] The frame 4 is equipped with a slide bar 12, and a pressure plate 13 that cooperates with the upper switch 10 and the lower switch 11 is slidably connected to the slide bar 12. It also includes a gas spring 14, the front end of which is hinged to the pressure plate 13 and the rear end of which is hinged to the frame 4. A gear 15 is fixed to the rear end of the gas spring 14, and a rack 16 that cooperates with the gear 15 is fixed to the slag collection bin 7.

[0080] During tunnel excavation, the excavated soil does not fall evenly and continuously, or the size of the excavated soil blocks varies due to different geological conditions. This can cause large fluctuations in the weight of the conveyor belt. If the switch is triggered by a rigid spring or direct mechanical contact, it is easy to cause the upper and lower switches to be pressed frequently, which will cause the motor 9 to change its speed frequently. This will result in extremely unstable operation of the conveyor belt and cause great damage to the motor.

[0081] Therefore, by setting the air spring 14, in the initial state, the slag collection bin 7 is located at the top. At this time, the elastic force of the air spring 14 is downward, pushing the pressure plate 13 and pressing the lower switch 11, so that the lower switch 11 and the motor 9 are connected in series and energized. Since the current passing through the lower switch 11 is small, the speed of the motor 9 is relatively slow at this time.

[0082] As the amount of soil and debris in the slag collection bin 7 increases, the slag collection bin 7 slides downward. At this time, the compression spring 22 begins to be compressed. When the amount of soil and debris is small, the rack 16 is still above the gear 15, and the motor 9 maintains a low speed. At this time, the slag collection bin 7 moves up and down slightly, which will not drive the gas spring 14 to move.

[0083] When the soil and slag in the slag collection bin 7 increases to a certain weight, the rack 16 and gear 15 come into contact. At this time, even if the slag collection bin is moved up and down, the elastic force of the gas spring 14 remains downward. Meanwhile, the contact plates at the front ends of the upper switch 10 and the lower switch 11 are relatively long, so the pressure plate 13 will not disengage from the lower switch 11 due to slight displacement, thus achieving stable pressing of the lower switch 11. Therefore, the motor 9 can continue to operate.

[0084] When a large piece of slag suddenly falls into the slag collection bin 7, or when a large amount of slag is collected in the slag collection trough 6 at a certain moment, the slag collection bin 7 moves downward a long distance. At this time, the rack 16 drives the gear 15 to rotate, and the gear 15 drives the gas spring 14 to rotate past the "horizontal line". At this time, the direction of the elastic force of the gas spring 14 changes from downward to upward. Even if the weight of the slag collection bin 7 no longer increases, the gas spring 14 can still push the pressure plate 13 to slide upward under its own elastic force, press the upper switch 10, so that the upper switch 10 is connected in series with the motor 9, keep the motor 9 energized, shorten the power-off time of the motor 9, so that the motor 9 can increase the speed by passing a large current, and speed up the conveying speed of the conveyor belt 8.

[0085] If a rigid linkage or an undamped spring is used, the switch pressing depends on the precise positioning of the housing. Even a slight displacement may cause the switch to repeatedly switch between disengagement and engagement. However, the gas spring 14 provides stability for the switch pressing by non-instantaneous reversal of the elastic force direction, ensuring that the motor 9 speed remains constant when the amount of slag does not change substantially.

[0086] If the motor speed fluctuates due to frequent switching, the slag on the conveyor belt may accumulate or become disjointed. Only when the amount of slag increases to a certain level will the gas spring 14 trigger the switch to accelerate the motor, ensuring rapid production and transportation of slag. When the amount of slag decreases to a certain level, the motor will decelerate to prevent the motor 9 from idling at high speed. By eliminating frequent fluctuations in speed, continuous, uniform, and controllable slag transportation can be achieved, reducing construction failures caused by unstable transportation.

[0087] Traditional purely mechanical sliding adjustment is sensitive to vibration, and the vibration of the housing is easily converted into a switch on / off signal; while the damping characteristics of the gas spring can filter out high-frequency vibration interference.

[0088] The slide bar 12 is slidably connected to an upper slide bar 17 and a lower slide bar 18. Both the upper slide bar 17 and the lower slide bar 18 are locked to the slide bar 12 by screws 19. The upper switch 10 and the lower switch 11 are fixed to the upper slide bar 17 and the lower slide bar 18 respectively. The rack 16 is detachably connected to the slag collection bin 7 by bolts 20.

[0089] By loosening the screw 19, the upper slider 17 and the lower slider 18 can slide up and down on the slide rod 12, thereby causing the upper switch 10 and the lower switch 11 to change position. At the same time, the rack of the corresponding length can be replaced by the bolt 20, thereby adjusting the range of the slag collection bin 7.

[0090] For example, when the distance between the upper switch 10 and the lower switch 11 decreases, the slag collection bin 7 will slide a shorter distance up and down to change the direction of the spring force of the gas spring 14. This is suitable for situations where the size of the slag blocks does not change much and they fall evenly during excavation. In this case, the overall vertical displacement of the slag collection bin 7 is small. When the distance between the upper switch 10 and the lower switch 11 increases, the slag collection bin 7 needs to slide a longer distance to change the direction of the spring force of the gas spring 14. This is suitable for situations where the size of the slag blocks varies greatly and they fall unevenly during excavation. In this case, the instantaneous weight change of the slag collection bin 7 is likely to be large. However, since the increase is instantaneous, the subsequent change is still relatively uniform. Therefore, the slag collection bin 7 needs to be able to adapt to this change and not change its rotation speed due to the instantaneous increase in weight.

[0091] The conveyor belt 2 is driven by the motor 21, which is connected in series with the motor 9.

[0092] Motor 21 and motor 9 are connected in series, which enables conveyor belt 2 and conveyor belt 8 to operate synchronously, making the conveying of soil and slag more stable.

[0093] In the diagram, 23 is the tunnel centerline, 24 is the inner rail plane, and 25 is the deep-buried water ditch.

[0094] The slag collection bin 7 is also rotatably connected to a stirring rod, which rotates and stirs to prevent blockage in the slag collection bin 7 and make the discharge from the slag collection bin 7 more uniform.

[0095] In practical applications:

[0096] During tunnel construction, deeply buried drainage ditches are crucial for ensuring tunnel structural stability and unimpeded drainage. Traditional methods for constructing these ditches primarily rely on manual drilling and blasting, a method that has revealed numerous insurmountable drawbacks in long-term practical application. Because the drainage ditch is located at the bottom of the invert, the working space is extremely limited, severely restricting worker movement and resulting in immense labor intensity. This leads to low efficiency and extremely high safety risks. During drilling, the use of pneumatic drills requires manual support, and prolonged operation easily causes worker fatigue, increasing the possibility of errors. Furthermore, manual drilling and blasting makes it difficult to precisely control the excavation profile, leading to widespread over-excavation. Over-excavation necessitates concrete backfilling, increasing construction costs.

[0097] With the continuous development of tunnel engineering construction, higher requirements have been placed on construction efficiency, construction safety, and project quality. Traditional manual drilling and blasting methods can no longer meet the needs of modern tunnel construction. Therefore, developing an efficient, safe, and precise equipment and construction method for deep-buried tunnel trench excavation has become an urgent technical problem to be solved.

[0098] Current technology mainly relies on manual labor combined with pneumatic drills for drilling and blasting excavation. Horizontal drilling and blasting using a "lift-rock" method results in severe over-excavation after trench excavation, short cycle times, and low efficiency. Manual drilling and blasting construction is inefficient, highly arbitrary, prone to large hole position deviations, carries high safety risks, and causes significant over-excavation.

[0099] By developing specialized equipment and employing mechanical milling excavation, mechanized construction of deep-buried water trenches can be achieved, reducing the number of construction workers, improving construction efficiency, and lowering safety risks. This allows for continuous and systematic construction of the invert arch and deep-buried water trenches, ensuring project quality and construction progress. The aim is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies in deep-buried water trench excavation, such as low construction efficiency, high safety risks, and high personnel requirements.

[0100] Significantly enhanced safety: Mechanized operations replace manual construction in confined spaces, and personnel can remotely control the equipment from a control room, completely avoiding direct contact between personnel and hazardous environments as in traditional construction. It is estimated that this invention can reduce the risk of personnel exposure during deep-buried trench construction by more than 90%.

[0101] Construction efficiency is significantly improved: the excavation time for a single-circulation drainage ditch is reduced from 2-3 hours in the traditional mode to less than 1 hour, increasing construction efficiency by 2-3 times. At the same time, the trestle bridge's leading section moves back and forth with the tunneling machine, ensuring continuous muck removal operations and reducing the transition time between the invert arch and the deep-buried drainage ditch. The invert arch construction time can be shortened by 10%.

[0102] Effective control of excavation accuracy: The precise excavation of the deep-buried ditch outline is achieved through automated control, which effectively controls the amount of over-excavation and reduces the amount of backfill material.

[0103] Labor intensity is significantly reduced: In the traditional model, 4 to 5 workers are required per cycle, while this invention only requires 2 operators (1 equipment driver and 1 assistant), reducing personnel input by more than 50%, and the labor intensity of operators is greatly reduced (mainly for indoor operation).

[0104] Construction quality is stable and reliable: Mechanized operations avoid the randomness of manual operation and facilitate process control. At the same time, continuous construction reduces the gaps between processes, effectively avoiding the problem of excessive exposure time of the invert arch.

[0105] By replacing traditional blasting with mechanical milling, the rock mass is gradually crushed. The crushed slag is then transported and disposed of by a slag collection system, forming an integrated "crushing-collection-transportation" operation process. This completes the excavation of deep-buried ditches, forming the cross-section of the deep-buried ditches, thereby reducing over-excavation and manpower.

[0106] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tunnel deep-buried water ditch construction equipment, the equipment comprising tunneling equipment, characterized in that, The tunneling equipment includes a frame (4), a conveyor belt (2) installed on the frame (4), a walking system installed at the bottom of the frame (4), a tunneling arm (5) installed at the front end of the frame (4), a slag collection chute (6) provided below the tunneling arm (5), the rear end of the slag collection chute (6) is matched with the front end of the conveyor belt (2), and the rear end of the conveyor belt (2) is matched with the transport vehicle (3); The frame (4) has a slidable slag receiving bin (7) for receiving slag from the slag receiving trough (6). The slag receiving bin (7) is connected to the frame (4) by a compression spring (22). A conveyor belt (8) is provided at the bottom of the slag receiving bin (7). The conveyor belt (8) is directly connected to a motor (9). The frame (4) has a parallel upper switch (10) and a lower switch (11). Both the upper switch (10) and the lower switch (11) are connected in series with the motor (9). When the slag receiving bin (7) slides, it can cooperate with the upper switch (10) or the lower switch (11) to energize it, so that the motor (9) changes its speed. The frame (4) is provided with a slide bar (12), and a pressure plate (13) that cooperates with the upper switch (10) and the lower switch (11) is slidably connected to the slide bar (12). It also includes a gas spring (14), the front end of the gas spring (14) is hinged to the pressure plate (13), and the rear end is hinged to the frame (4). A gear (15) is fixed to the rear end of the gas spring (14), and a rack (16) that cooperates with the gear (15) is fixed on the slag collection bin (7). The slide bar (12) is slidably connected to an upper slide bar (17) and a lower slide bar (18). The upper slide bar (17) and the lower slide bar (18) are locked to the slide bar (12) by screws (19). The upper switch (10) and the lower switch (11) are fixed to the upper slide bar (17) and the lower slide bar (18) respectively. The rack (16) is detachably connected to the slag collection bin (7) by bolts (20).

2. The tunnel deep-buried water ditch construction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conveyor belt (2) is driven by a motor (21), which is connected in series with the motor (9).

3. A method for constructing a deep-buried drainage ditch in a tunnel, wherein the method employs the construction equipment described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Move the self-propelled arch bridge (1) to the construction section. The effective working length of the bridge is 50m. Protective railings are set on both sides. The excavation line of the deep-buried ditch is laid out using a total station and the line is marked. S2: Drive the tunneling equipment into the work area, adjust the center line of the tunneling equipment to align with the design center line of the ditch, and at the same time raise the slag removal conveyor belt (2) of the bridge approach machine to the designated height, put the transport vehicle (3) in place, run the equipment without load, check that the condition of each system is good, and proceed to the next step. S3: Start the tunneling system of the tunneling equipment, drive the tunneling equipment to perform tunneling operations according to the preset trajectory through the control system, tunnel the broken rock mass, and at the same time use the slag collection system to collect the slag; S4: The slag in the slag collection system is transported to the transport vehicle (3) by the conveyor belt (2) for external transport. The configuration of the transport vehicle (3) is determined according to the amount of slag produced and the transport distance. S5: After the ditch is excavated, a base is formed at the bottom, and a temporary retaining wall is installed to prevent the side rock mass from collapsing or falling off.

4. The method for constructing a deep-buried drainage ditch in a tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that, Methods for treating the base of drainage ditches include: S11: Manual cleaning of the base slag, detection of the base elevation, installation of precast concrete base, and subsequent installation of precast reinforced concrete pipe; S12: The remaining space between the precast reinforced concrete pipe and the foundation shall be backfilled with concrete and compacted by vibration; S13: After backfilling concrete to the design height, geotextile non-woven fabric is laid on the outside of the central buried water pipe. When it reaches the corner of the backfill surface, the geotextile non-woven fabric is compacted with concrete. Then, the circumferential blind pipe is connected from the pre-reserved wedge hole of the drainage pipe to ensure that the blind pipe can penetrate deep into the central buried water pipe and be flush with the inner wall. S14: The area around the central buried water pipe is backfilled with graded crushed stone, backfilled and compacted layer by layer, and backfilled to the bottom of the invert arch. During the backfilling process, a rammer is used for compaction. S15: Use tunneling equipment to excavate the remaining parts on both sides of the invert arch, and immediately construct the initial support of the invert arch after the tunneling is completed.

5. The method for constructing a deep-buried drainage ditch in a tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that, In S3, the trestle (1) and the conveyor belt (2) can extend and retract with the tunneling equipment to ensure uninterrupted transport of slag.

6. The method for constructing a deep-buried drainage ditch in a tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that, A profile check is performed every 1.0 meter of excavation.

7. The method for constructing a deep-buried drainage ditch in a tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that, In S11, reinforced concrete pipes use tongue-and-groove rigid connections for pipe joints, and the joints are sealed with steel wire mesh and cement mortar.

Images