A solar cell and a manufacturing method, apparatus

Abstract

The application provides a solar cell and a preparation method and device. The method comprises the following steps: before laser sintering, a current irradiation intensity of an ultraviolet passivation device is monitored in real time by using an irradiation intensity detector; the current irradiation intensity is compared with a preset irradiation intensity, and the current of the ultraviolet passivation device is adjusted according to the comparison result, so that the irradiation intensity meets the preset requirement. The current irradiation intensity of the ultraviolet passivation device is monitored in real time by using the irradiation intensity detector, and the current of the ultraviolet passivation device is adjusted according to the matching result of the current irradiation intensity and the preset irradiation intensity, so that the irradiation intensity generated by the ultraviolet passivation device finally meets the preset requirement, thereby effectively improving the quality and stability of the battery product.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solar cell fabrication technology, specifically to a solar cell and its fabrication method and apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] Laser sintering is a crucial step in the production of solar cells, playing a vital role in improving their electrical performance. However, after laser sintering, defects such as dangling bonds may remain on the cell surface. These defects can affect the passivation effect, thereby reducing the fill factor (FF) and overall electrical performance. To address this issue, the industry has introduced ultraviolet passivation devices, such as UV-LED lamps, after laser sintering. These lamps use high-energy photons to break dangling bonds, promoting atomic reconstruction and further enhancing the passivation effect and electrical performance of the solar cells.

[0003] However, in practical applications, the irradiation intensity of these ultraviolet passivation devices is often difficult to control precisely.

[0004] Currently, when using ultraviolet passivation devices, production lines mainly rely on timed manual testing to monitor irradiation intensity, which cannot monitor irradiation intensity in real time. This results in large fluctuations in actual irradiation intensity, which can easily lead to unstable cell quality and increase quality risks.

[0005] Therefore, ensuring the quality of solar cells during laser sintering has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a solar cell and its preparation method and apparatus, which solves the problem of uncontrollable irradiation intensity in the prior art of laser sintering.

[0007] A method for fabricating a solar cell involves using an irradiance intensity detector to monitor the current irradiance of an ultraviolet passivation device in real time before laser sintering.

[0008] The current irradiance is compared with the preset irradiance, and the current of the ultraviolet passivation device is adjusted according to the comparison result so that the irradiance meets the preset requirements.

[0009] Furthermore, in the solar cell fabrication method described above, visible light in the 380-780nm band is simultaneously introduced during the ultraviolet passivation process to perform composite light treatment on the solar cell.

[0010] The relationship between the intensity of visible light and the intensity of ultraviolet light is as follows:

[0011]

[0012] in, Visible light intensity Let be the ultraviolet intensity, k∈[0.05,0.15], b∈[10,30]mW / cm².

[0013] Furthermore, in the method for fabricating a solar cell as described above, the step of comparing the current irradiance with a preset irradiance and adjusting the current of the ultraviolet passivation device based on the comparison result includes:

[0014] The irradiance intensity of the radiation intensity detector is obtained and input into a pre-trained current prediction model. The irradiance intensity decay curve in the next 10 seconds is predicted based on the current prediction model.

[0015] If the predicted current value is lower than the preset threshold, the current of the ultraviolet passivation device is adjusted in advance according to the irradiance attenuation curve, provided that the current intensity has not deviated.

[0016] Furthermore, in the solar cell fabrication method described above, the current prediction model is a neural network model based on the LSTM-attention mechanism.

[0017] Furthermore, in the solar cell fabrication method described above, the ultraviolet wavelength range of the ultraviolet passivation device is 350-465nm.

[0018] Furthermore, in the solar cell fabrication method described above, the current irradiance intensity is compared with a preset irradiance intensity, and an alarm is triggered if the current irradiance intensity does not match the preset irradiance intensity.

[0019] A solar cell prepared using any of the methods described above.

[0020] An apparatus for fabricating a solar cell includes: an irradiance detector for real-time monitoring of the current irradiance of an ultraviolet passivation device before laser sintering;

[0021] The control system is used to compare the current irradiance with the preset irradiance and adjust the current of the ultraviolet passivation device according to the comparison result so that the irradiance meets the preset requirements.

[0022] Furthermore, in the solar cell fabrication apparatus described above, the control system includes:

[0023] The comparison unit is used to compare the current irradiance with a preset irradiance.

[0024] An alarm unit is used to trigger an alarm when the current irradiance intensity does not match the preset irradiance intensity.

[0025] A current prediction model is used to predict the irradiance decay curve of the ultraviolet passivation device within the next 10 seconds using the pre-irradiance of the irradiance detector.

[0026] An adjustment unit is used to adjust the current of the ultraviolet passivation device in advance according to the irradiance attenuation curve when the current value predicted by the current prediction model is lower than a preset threshold.

[0027] Furthermore, the solar cell fabrication apparatus described above also includes: a visible light emission module for generating visible light in the 380-780nm wavelength range;

[0028] The control system further includes:

[0029] The light intensity ratio dynamic adjustment module is used to adjust the light intensity of visible light according to the following relationship, and transmits the obtained light intensity data to the visible light emission module:

[0030]

[0031] in, Visible light intensity Let be the ultraviolet intensity, k∈[0.05,0.15], b∈[10,30]mW / cm².

[0032] The solar cell and its preparation method and apparatus provided in this application monitor the current irradiance of the ultraviolet passivation device in real time using an irradiance intensity detector, and adjust the current of the ultraviolet passivation device according to the matching result between the current irradiance and the preset irradiance, so that the final irradiance generated by the ultraviolet passivation device can meet the preset requirements, thereby effectively improving the quality and stability of the battery product. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the method for fabricating a solar cell provided by this invention;

[0034] Figure 2 The present invention provides an apparatus for fabricating solar cells. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0036] In the production process of solar cells, after the laser sintering step, an ultraviolet (UV) passivation device (such as a UV-LED lamp) is usually added to further improve the passivation effect and electrical performance of the cells. However, in existing production line operations, the monitoring of the irradiation intensity of the UV passivation device (such as the UV-LED lamp) mainly relies on timed manual testing. This method cannot achieve real-time, continuous monitoring because manual testing requires human intervention and has a limited testing frequency. Due to the limitations of manual testing, subtle changes in irradiation intensity cannot be captured in time, leading to the irradiation intensity deviating from the preset range for extended periods without being detected during actual production. The irradiation intensity of the UV passivation device directly affects its treatment effect on the cell surface. If the irradiation intensity fluctuates significantly, it means that the UV energy received by the cell at different times is inconsistent, which will lead to unstable passivation quality. Fluctuations in irradiation intensity will cause inconsistencies in the degree of dangling bond breaking and atomic reconstruction effects on the cell surface, thereby affecting the fill factor (FF) and overall electrical performance of the cell. To overcome this technical challenge and improve the irradiation intensity control accuracy of the ultraviolet passivation device, thereby enhancing the stability and electrical performance of the battery cells, this invention monitors the irradiation intensity value in real time by installing an irradiation intensity detector on the ultraviolet passivation device box, and automatically adjusts the output current of the ultraviolet passivation device through a control system to ensure the stability of the irradiation intensity, thereby further improving the quality and stability of the battery products.

[0037] Figure 1 A flowchart of the method for preparing a solar cell provided by the present invention is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0038] Step S1: Before laser sintering, the current irradiation intensity of the ultraviolet passivation device is detected in real time using an irradiation intensity detector.

[0039] Specifically, the irradiance intensity detector is used to monitor the current irradiance intensity of ultraviolet passivation devices (such as UV-LED lamps) in real time. Irradiance intensity refers to the ultraviolet energy received per unit area, which directly affects the treatment effect of the ultraviolet passivation device on the surface of the solar cells, and thus affects the passivation quality and electrical performance of the solar cells. The irradiance intensity detector is equipped with a dedicated sensor for real-time monitoring of ultraviolet irradiance intensity and transmits the monitored irradiance intensity to the control system.

[0040] Step S2: Compare the current irradiance with the preset irradiance, and adjust the current of the ultraviolet passivation device according to the comparison result so that the irradiance meets the preset requirements.

[0041] Specifically, in existing technologies, the irradiance intensity of ultraviolet passivation devices is mainly monitored through timed manual testing, which cannot be adjusted in real time. Therefore, this application utilizes an irradiance intensity detector to monitor the current irradiance intensity of the ultraviolet passivation device in real time and compares it with a preset irradiance intensity stored in the control system. If the current irradiance intensity is lower than the preset irradiance intensity, the current of the ultraviolet passivation device is adjusted to increase its irradiance intensity. Table 1 shows the correspondence between standard irradiance intensity and current:

[0042] Table 1: Standard Irradiation Intensity to Current Mapping Table

[0043] The method provided in this application monitors the current irradiance of the ultraviolet passivation device in real time using an irradiance intensity detector, and adjusts the current of the ultraviolet passivation device according to the matching result between the current irradiance and the preset irradiance, so that the final irradiance generated by the ultraviolet passivation device can meet the preset requirements, thereby effectively improving the quality and stability of battery products.

[0044] Furthermore, the method provided by the present invention introduces visible light in the 380-780nm band simultaneously during the ultraviolet passivation process to perform composite light treatment on the solar cell.

[0045] The relationship between the intensity of visible light and the intensity of ultraviolet light is as follows:

[0046] (1)

[0047] in, Visible light intensity Let be the ultraviolet intensity, k∈[0.05,0.15], b∈[10,30]mW / cm².

[0048] Specifically, ultraviolet (UV) photons have high energy (2.66-3.54 eV), which can directly excite valence band electrons in silicon to transition to the conduction band, generating a large number of electron-hole pairs. Simultaneously, UV light has a stronger ability to break and recombine dangling bonds on the silicon surface, promoting the formation of surface passivation layers (such as SiO2 and SiNx). Visible light photons have lower energy (1.59-3.26 eV), mainly exciting subsurface carriers within the silicon mass. Long-wavelength visible light (such as 600-780 nm) can penetrate deeper into the silicon substrate (10-100 μm), exciting carriers at defects within the mass and promoting bulk passivation. In this application, when both spectra are used simultaneously, UV light is responsible for surface defect repair, while visible light optimizes the mass carrier distribution. By adjusting the light intensity ratio using the functional relationship of formula (1), a mass carrier concentration gradient from the surface to the mass can be formed, inhibiting the diffusion of mass carriers to surface recombination centers, thereby improving minority carrier lifetime and ultimately increasing the open-circuit voltage of the solar cell.

[0049] Furthermore, the following provides a detailed explanation of how to adjust the current of the ultraviolet passivation device using the current irradiance intensity and the preset irradiance intensity. Specifically, this includes: obtaining the current irradiance intensity of the irradiance intensity detector and inputting the current irradiance intensity into a pre-trained current prediction model; predicting the irradiance intensity decay curve within the next 10 seconds based on the current prediction model; if the predicted current value is lower than the preset threshold, then adjusting the current of the ultraviolet passivation device in advance based on the irradiance intensity decay curve when the current irradiance intensity has not deviated.

[0050] Specifically, this application uses an irradiance intensity detector to acquire the current irradiance intensity of an ultraviolet passivation device (such as a UV-LED lamp) in real time, and inputs the acquired current irradiance intensity into a pre-trained current prediction model. This model is trained based on historical data and algorithms and can predict the attenuation curve of irradiance intensity over a future period (such as the next 10 seconds). Based on the input current irradiance intensity, combined with the model's internal algorithm and historical data, the current prediction model predicts the change in irradiance intensity (or the irradiance intensity attenuation curve) over the next 10 seconds. Then, according to Table 1, the future current demand or trend corresponding to the predicted irradiance intensity can be determined. Then, based on the predicted irradiance intensity attenuation curve, the expected irradiance intensity at a future time is calculated, and it is determined whether it is lower than a preset threshold. If the predicted current value is lower than the preset threshold, it indicates that the irradiance intensity may drop to a level that does not meet production requirements in the future. At this time, even if the current irradiance intensity has not yet deviated, the current of the ultraviolet passivation device will be adjusted in advance according to the irradiance intensity attenuation curve to prevent insufficient irradiance intensity in the future.

[0051] The method provided by this invention, by predicting the future decay of irradiance intensity and adjusting the current of the ultraviolet passivation device in advance, can ensure that the irradiance intensity remains within a preset range, thereby avoiding the quality risks of solar cells caused by insufficient irradiance intensity. Furthermore, this application, through the combination of real-time monitoring and predictive adjustment mechanisms, reduces production interruptions and quality problems caused by fluctuations in irradiance intensity, improving production efficiency and stability. Moreover, the use of a current prediction model for intelligent management reduces the need for manual intervention, lowers operational complexity, and reduces the possibility of human error.

[0052] Furthermore, the current prediction model provided by this invention is a neural network model based on the LSTM-attention mechanism.

[0053] Specifically, in this invention, LSTM is used to process historical data on the change of irradiance over time, capturing the long-term trend and periodic characteristics of irradiance changes. Through an attention mechanism, the model can dynamically focus on key points in the irradiance change sequence (such as the moment of abrupt change in irradiance), thereby more accurately predicting future irradiance changes and providing more precise current data to further improve the quality (efficiency gain) of solar cells.

[0054] Furthermore, the ultraviolet wavelength range of the ultraviolet passivation device is 350-465nm.

[0055] Specifically, ultraviolet light in the 350-465nm wavelength range has sufficient energy to break dangling bonds on the surface of silicon-based materials, promoting atomic reconstruction and forming a stable passivation layer. This wavelength range offers moderate energy, effectively passivating defects while avoiding excessive energy that could lead to material damage or increased non-radiative recombination. Compared to shorter wavelengths of ultraviolet light, the 350-465nm band strikes a balance between passivation efficiency and material safety, significantly improving the fill factor (FF) and open-circuit voltage (Voc) of solar cells, ultimately enhancing photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0056] Furthermore, this application triggers an alarm when the current irradiation intensity does not match the preset irradiation intensity.

[0057] Specifically, if the current irradiance intensity does not match the preset irradiance intensity (i.e., the current irradiance intensity is higher or lower than the preset value), an alarm will be triggered. The alarm can take various forms, such as sound, light, or screen display, to promptly notify operators or control the system when irradiance intensity is abnormal.

[0058] The present invention also provides a solar cell prepared using any of the methods described above.

[0059] Figure 2 The apparatus for fabricating a solar cell provided by the present invention includes:

[0060] An irradiation intensity detector is used to monitor the current irradiation intensity of the ultraviolet passivation device in real time before laser sintering;

[0061] The control system is used to compare the current irradiance with the preset irradiance and adjust the current of the ultraviolet passivation device according to the comparison result so that the irradiance meets the preset requirements.

[0062] Preferably, the control system includes: a comparison unit for comparing the current irradiance intensity with a preset irradiance intensity;

[0063] An alarm unit is used to trigger an alarm when the current irradiance intensity does not match the preset irradiance intensity.

[0064] A current prediction model is used to predict the irradiance decay curve of the ultraviolet passivation device within the next 10 seconds using the pre-irradiance of the irradiance detector.

[0065] The adjustment unit is used to adjust the current of the ultraviolet passivation device in advance according to the irradiance attenuation curve when the current value predicted by the current prediction model is lower than a preset threshold.

[0066] The device provided by this invention further includes: a visible light emission module for generating visible light in the 380-780nm wavelength range. The control system also includes:

[0067] The light intensity ratio dynamic adjustment module is used to adjust the light intensity of visible light according to the following relationship, and transmits the obtained light intensity data to the visible light emission module:

[0068]

[0069] in, Visible light intensity Let be the ultraviolet intensity, k∈[0.05,0.15], b∈[10,30]mW / cm².

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a solar cell, characterized in that: Before laser sintering, the current irradiation intensity of the ultraviolet passivation device is monitored in real time using an irradiation intensity detector. The current irradiance is compared with the preset irradiance, and the current of the ultraviolet passivation device is adjusted according to the comparison result so that the irradiance meets the preset requirements. Visible light in the 380-780nm band is introduced simultaneously during the ultraviolet passivation process to perform composite light treatment on the solar cells. The relationship between the intensity of visible light and the intensity of ultraviolet light is as follows: in, Visible light intensity Let be the ultraviolet intensity, k∈[0.05,0.15], b∈[10,30]mW / cm².

2. The method for preparing a solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of comparing the current irradiance with a preset irradiance and adjusting the current of the ultraviolet passivation device based on the comparison result includes: The irradiance intensity of the radiation intensity detector is obtained and input into a pre-trained current prediction model. The irradiance intensity decay curve in the next 10 seconds is predicted based on the current prediction model. If the predicted current value is lower than the preset threshold, the current of the ultraviolet passivation device is adjusted in advance according to the irradiance attenuation curve, provided that the current intensity has not deviated.

3. The method for preparing a solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, The current prediction model is a neural network model based on the LSTM-attention mechanism.

4. The method for preparing a solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ultraviolet wavelength range of the ultraviolet passivation device is 350-465nm.

5. The method for preparing a solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, The current irradiance intensity is compared with the preset irradiance intensity, and an alarm is triggered if the current irradiance intensity does not match the preset irradiance intensity.

6. A solar cell prepared using any one of the methods of claims 1-5.

7. An apparatus for fabricating a solar cell, characterized in that: include: An irradiation intensity detector is used to monitor the current irradiation intensity of the ultraviolet passivation device in real time before laser sintering; The control system is used to compare the current irradiance with the preset irradiance and adjust the current of the ultraviolet passivation device according to the comparison result so that the irradiance meets the preset requirements. Visible light emission module, used to generate visible light in the wavelength range of 380-780nm; The control system further includes: The light intensity ratio dynamic adjustment module is used to adjust the light intensity of visible light according to the following relationship, and transmits the obtained light intensity data to the visible light emission module: in, Visible light intensity Let be the ultraviolet intensity, k∈[0.05,0.15], b∈[10,30]mW / cm².

8. The apparatus for fabricating a solar cell according to claim 7, characterized in that, The control system includes: The comparison unit is used to compare the current irradiance with a preset irradiance. An alarm unit is used to trigger an alarm when the current irradiance intensity does not match the preset irradiance intensity. A current prediction model is used to predict the irradiance decay curve of the ultraviolet passivation device within the next 10 seconds using the pre-irradiance of the irradiance detector. An adjustment unit is used to adjust the current of the ultraviolet passivation device in advance according to the irradiance attenuation curve when the current value predicted by the current prediction model is lower than a preset threshold.

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