A water and fertilizer integrated machine fertilizer injection amount precision regulation system

Abstract

The application discloses a water and fertilizer integrated machine fertilizer injection amount precision regulation and control system and relates to the technical field of water and fertilizer regulation and control.The system comprises a data acquisition unit, a yield analysis unit, a form analysis unit, a region division unit and a precision regulation and control unit.The application divides a composite farmland into a core area, a boundary buffer area and an overlapping infiltration area, and differentiates irrigation amount according to water and fertilizer infiltration rules, thereby effectively solving the problems of fertilizer waste and crop growth imbalance caused by boundary infiltration excess of a traditional water and fertilizer integrated machine in a composite planting scene.Meanwhile, intelligent identification of crop form images in a growth period is combined, and historical yield data are fused to dynamically optimize suitable water and fertilizer intervals in different growth periods, so that the precision and adaptability of water and fertilizer supply are remarkably improved, scientific regulation and control of crop growth in a whole period are ensured, and resource waste and environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilization are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water and fertilizer regulation technology, and in particular to a precise fertilizer injection control system for an integrated water and fertilizer machine. Background Technology

[0002] Intercropping in agriculture is an innovative farming method that breaks away from the traditional single-crop planting model. By simultaneously planting two or more crops on the same plot, it cleverly utilizes the complementarity and synergy between crops, significantly improving land utilization and achieving a dual increase in yield and quality. This planting model is not simply a combination of crops, but requires careful planning of the planting layout and scientific field management, such as rationally adjusting planting density, optimizing crop combinations, and precisely controlling water and fertilizer supply, to ensure that all crops can grow healthily in a symbiotic environment, thereby achieving efficient resource utilization and a virtuous cycle of the ecosystem.

[0003] With the continuous advancement of agricultural modernization, irrigation and fertilization systems, as an important component of modern agricultural technology, play a crucial role in promoting the development of facility agriculture, water-saving agriculture, and ecological agriculture. They not only achieve precise water and fertilizer supply but also effectively reduce resource waste and environmental pollution, providing strong support for sustainable agricultural development. However, in the complex scenario of intercropping, traditional integrated water and fertilizer machines face numerous challenges, particularly the problem of excessive boundary infiltration. Due to differences in crop types and nutrient requirements between adjacent planting areas, the lateral infiltration of water and fertilizer can easily lead to excessively high fertilizer concentrations in the boundary areas, resulting not only in fertilizer waste but also potentially adversely affecting crop growth. To address the aforementioned technical deficiencies, a solution is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem that in the complex scenario of intercropping, due to the differences in crop types and fertilizer requirements between adjacent planting areas, the concentration of fertilizer solution in the boundary area is easily too high during the horizontal infiltration of water and fertilizer, which not only wastes fertilizer but may also have an adverse effect on crop growth.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a precise control system for fertilizer injection in an integrated water and fertilizer machine, comprising a data acquisition unit, a yield analysis unit, a morphology analysis unit, a region division unit, and a precise control unit; The data acquisition unit is used to collect data on soil moisture and nutrient concentration in the composite farmland through a sensor array, collect data on crop morphology images through a camera, and collect real-time data on crop yield through weighing, and then transmit the data set to the yield analysis unit for analysis. The yield analysis unit is used to analyze the information data collected by the data acquisition unit, and to determine the suitable soil moisture range and suitable nutrient concentration range for crops in each growth stage, based on crop yield as the analysis benchmark. The morphological analysis unit determines the growth period of the crop to be regulated by water and fertilizer based on the real-time morphological images, and determines the suitable soil moisture range and suitable nutrient concentration range of the crop to be regulated by water and fertilizer based on the growth period. The regional division unit is used to initially divide the composite farmland according to the boundaries of adjacent crop planting areas. Then, based on the differences in water and fertilizer penetration range and demand during irrigation, the planting and irrigation area is divided into core area, boundary buffer zone and overlapping penetration area. The precision control unit divides the area into three zones based on the regional division unit: core zone: areas far from the boundary and exceeding the infiltration range, directly irrigated according to crop needs; boundary buffer zone: areas close to the boundary, where irrigation is reduced according to infiltration patterns; overlapping infiltration zone: areas where infiltration overlaps on both sides of the boundary, where only necessary water and fertilizer are supplemented.

[0006] Furthermore, soil moisture in the composite farmland is monitored and collected using a moisture sensor; nutrient concentration is monitored and collected using an EC sensor to reflect the nutrient concentration in the soil; the higher the EC value, the higher the nutrient concentration; crop morphology images are monitored and collected using a camera; and crop yield data is collected by weighing.

[0007] Furthermore, using crop yield as the analytical benchmark, the method for determining the suitable soil moisture and nutrient concentration ranges for crops is as follows: S11, Obtain time series data of soil moisture, nutrient concentration and fruit yield of crops in the compound farmland in previous years; S12 uses crop yield as a screening criterion to screen out soil moisture and nutrient concentration data of crops with high yields. S13. Using the seedling stage, jointing stage, flowering stage, grain filling stage, and maturity stage as screening criteria, all soil moisture data and nutrient concentration data extracted in step S12 are screened to obtain soil moisture datasets and nutrient concentration datasets that correspond one-to-one with the seedling stage, jointing stage, flowering stage, grain filling stage, and maturity stage. S14. Based on the soil moisture dataset and nutrient concentration dataset, determine the suitable soil moisture range and suitable nutrient concentration range for each growth stage.

[0008] Furthermore, the method for determining the growth stage of crops based on real-time morphological images of crops awaiting water and fertilizer regulation is as follows: S21. Collect historical morphological images of crops at different growth stages as a dataset, and randomly divide the dataset into a training set and a test set. Label the corresponding growth stage on each morphological image in the training set as a label. S22, a crop growth period judgment model is constructed based on a convolutional neural network. The crop growth period judgment model is trained using a training set and tested using a test set to obtain a qualified crop growth period judgment model. S23. The real-time morphological images of the crops to be regulated by water and fertilizer are captured by a camera and input into a qualified crop growth period judgment model to determine the growth period of the crops to be regulated by water and fertilizer. Then, the appropriate soil moisture range and appropriate nutrient concentration range corresponding to this growth period are determined by the yield analysis unit.

[0009] Furthermore, the specific methods for regional division are as follows: S31, using the TDR moisture meter tracer method and fertilization depth gradient experiment, the maximum lateral infiltration distance of water and fertilizer at the boundary of adjacent crop planting areas was calculated for each irrigation. The data is then stored and analyzed to determine the distance of the overlapping permeation zone. The analysis process is as follows: , where D is the distance of the overlapping infiltration zone; S32, the boundary buffer zone is twice the distance of the overlapping infiltration zone, located on both sides of the boundary of adjacent crop planting areas, and includes the overlapping infiltration zone; S33, the core area is the other side of the boundary buffer zone away from the boundary line.

[0010] Furthermore, the methods for precisely controlling the amount of water and fertilizer irrigation are as follows: S41, Based on the yield analysis unit and the morphology analysis unit, determine the suitable soil moisture range for the current crop growth period. Suitable nutrient concentration range Then, the soil moisture and nutrient concentration of the fertile farmland under water and fertilizer regulation are monitored and analyzed in real time. and These represent the lower and upper limits of the suitable soil moisture range, respectively. and These are the lower and upper limits of the suitable nutrient concentration range, respectively. S42, if the actual measured soil moisture or If the actual measured soil moisture is... Then, through the integrated water and fertilizer machine, based on the relative soil moisture difference... The core area was irrigated with water to bring the soil moisture to a suitable range, and the amount of water q was recorded. S43, if the actual measured nutrient concentration or If the actual soil moisture is... Then, through the integrated water and fertilizer machine, based on the relative nutrient concentration difference... Fertilizer is applied to the core area of ​​the farmland to ensure that the nutrient concentration in the core area reaches the appropriate nutrient concentration range, and the amount of fertilizer applied, f, is recorded.

[0011] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This integrated water and fertilizer machine's precise fertilizer injection control system divides the composite farmland into a core zone, a boundary buffer zone, and an overlapping infiltration zone. Based on the water and fertilizer infiltration patterns, it differentiates and controls irrigation volume, effectively solving the problems of fertilizer waste and crop growth imbalance caused by excessive boundary infiltration in traditional integrated water and fertilizer machines in composite planting scenarios. Simultaneously, by combining intelligent growth stage recognition from crop morphology images with historical yield data to dynamically optimize the appropriate water and fertilizer intervals for different growth stages, it significantly improves the accuracy and adaptability of water and fertilizer supply. This ensures scientific control of crop growth throughout its entire lifecycle while avoiding resource waste and environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilization. Furthermore, by monitoring soil moisture and nutrient concentration in real time and dynamically adjusting the irrigation and fertilization reduction ratio in the boundary buffer zone based on the core zone baseline, it achieves a refined dynamic balance of water and fertilizer usage, further reducing operating costs while ensuring balanced crop growth. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the system flow of the present invention is shown; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the region division of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0013] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0014] like Figure 1-2 As shown, a precise fertilizer injection control system for an integrated water and fertilizer machine is characterized by comprising a data acquisition unit, a yield analysis unit, a morphology analysis unit, a region division unit, and a precise control unit. The working principle is as follows: The data acquisition unit is used to collect data on soil moisture and nutrient concentration in the composite farmland through a sensor group, collect data on crop morphology images through a camera, and collect data on crop yield in real time through weighing, and then transmit the data set to the yield analysis unit for analysis. Soil moisture in the composite farmland is monitored and collected using a moisture sensor; nutrient concentration is monitored and collected using an EC sensor to reflect the nutrient concentration in the soil, with a higher EC value indicating a higher nutrient concentration; crop morphology images collected by the data acquisition unit include historical and real-time crop morphology images; and crop yield is collected by weighing the crop yield per acre.

[0015] The yield analysis unit is used to analyze the information data collected by the data acquisition unit, and to determine the suitable soil moisture range and suitable nutrient concentration range for crops in each growth stage, based on crop yield as the analysis benchmark. The method for determining the suitable soil moisture and suitable nutrient concentration range for crops, using crop yield as the analytical benchmark, is as follows: S11, Obtain time series data of soil moisture, nutrient concentration and fruit yield of crops in the compound farmland in previous years; S12 uses crop yield as a screening criterion to screen out soil moisture and nutrient concentration data of crops with high yields. S13. Using the seedling stage, jointing stage, flowering stage, grain filling stage, and maturity stage as screening criteria, all soil moisture data and nutrient concentration data extracted in step S12 are screened to obtain soil moisture datasets and nutrient concentration datasets that correspond one-to-one with the seedling stage, jointing stage, flowering stage, grain filling stage, and maturity stage. S14. Based on the soil moisture dataset and nutrient concentration dataset, determine the suitable soil moisture range and suitable nutrient concentration range for each growth stage.

[0016] The morphological analysis unit determines the growth period of the crop to be regulated by water and fertilizer based on the real-time morphological images, and determines the suitable soil moisture range and suitable nutrient concentration range of the crop to be regulated by water and fertilizer based on the growth period. The method for determining the growth stage of crops based on real-time morphological images of crops awaiting water and fertilizer regulation is as follows: S21. Collect historical morphological images of crops at different growth stages as a dataset, and randomly divide the dataset into a training set and a test set. Label the corresponding growth stage on each morphological image in the training set as a label. S22, a crop growth period judgment model is constructed based on a convolutional neural network. The crop growth period judgment model is trained using a training set and tested using a test set to obtain a qualified crop growth period judgment model. S23. The real-time morphological images of the crops to be regulated by water and fertilizer are captured by a camera and input into a qualified crop growth period judgment model to determine the growth period of the crops to be regulated by water and fertilizer. Then, the appropriate soil moisture range and appropriate nutrient concentration range corresponding to this growth period are determined by the yield analysis unit.

[0017] The regional division unit is used to initially divide the composite farmland according to the boundaries of adjacent crop planting areas. Then, based on the differences in water and fertilizer penetration range and demand during irrigation, the planting and irrigation area is divided into core area, boundary buffer zone and overlapping penetration area. The specific methods for dividing the region are as follows: S31, using the TDR moisture meter tracer method and fertilization depth gradient experiment, the maximum lateral infiltration distance of water and fertilizer at the boundary of adjacent crop planting areas was calculated for each irrigation. The data is then stored and analyzed to determine the distance of the overlapping permeation zone. The analysis process is as follows: Where D is the distance of the overlapping infiltration zone. For example, in a corn-soybean intercropping farmland, D = 0.5 meters, which means that the area 0.5 meters on both sides of the boundary of the corn-soybean planting area is the overlapping infiltration zone. S32, the boundary buffer zone is twice the distance of the overlapping infiltration zone, located on both sides of the boundary of adjacent crop planting areas, and includes the overlapping infiltration zone; S33, the core area is the other side of the boundary buffer zone away from the boundary line.

[0018] The precision control unit is divided into regions based on the regional division unit. Core area: This is the area far from the boundary and beyond the infiltration range, where precise irrigation is directly applied according to crop needs. Boundary buffer zone: This is the area close to the boundary, where irrigation is reduced according to infiltration patterns. Overlapping infiltration zone: This is the area where infiltration overlaps on both sides of the boundary, where only necessary water and fertilizer are supplemented. The methods for precisely controlling the amount of water and fertilizer irrigation are as follows: S41, Based on the yield analysis unit and the morphology analysis unit, determine the suitable soil moisture range for the current crop growth period. Suitable nutrient concentration range Then, the soil moisture and nutrient concentration of the fertile farmland under water and fertilizer regulation are monitored and analyzed in real time. and These represent the lower and upper limits of the suitable soil moisture range, respectively. and These are the lower and upper limits of the suitable nutrient concentration range, respectively. S42, if the actual measured soil moisture or If the actual measured soil moisture is... Then, through the integrated water and fertilizer machine, based on the relative soil moisture difference... The core area is irrigated with water to bring the soil moisture to a suitable range, and the irrigation amount q is recorded. During the irrigation of the boundary buffer zone, multiple reduction percentages of irrigation amount are pre-set, and the soil moisture in the overlapping infiltration zone is monitored to bring the soil moisture in the overlapping infiltration zone to a suitable range. The maximum reduction percentage x of irrigation amount is then obtained, and the water amount for irrigation of the boundary buffer zone is adjusted based on the irrigation amount q in the core area, reducing it by x percent. S43, if the actual measured nutrient concentration or If the actual soil moisture is... Then, through the integrated water and fertilizer machine, based on the relative nutrient concentration difference... Fertilizer is applied to the core area of ​​the farmland to ensure that the nutrient concentration in the core area reaches the appropriate nutrient concentration range, and the amount of fertilizer applied, f, is recorded. During the fertilization process, multiple sets of percentage reductions in fertilizer application are pre-set, and then the nutrient concentration in the overlapping infiltration zone is monitored to ensure that the nutrient concentration in the overlapping infiltration zone reaches the appropriate nutrient concentration range. The maximum value of the percentage reduction in fertilizer application, y, is then obtained. The amount of fertilizer applied to the boundary buffer zone is then adjusted and reduced by y based on the amount of fertilizer applied to the core area, f.

[0019] The size of the interval and threshold is set to facilitate comparison. The size of the threshold depends on the amount of sample data and the number of bases set by those skilled in the art for each set of sample data; as long as it does not affect the ratio between the parameter and the quantized value.

[0020] The above formulas are all dimensionless calculations. The formulas are derived from software simulations based on a large amount of collected data to obtain the most recent real-world results. The preset parameters in the formulas are set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation. In the two embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and system can be implemented in other ways; for example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, for example, the division of modules is merely a logical functional division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple modules or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed; another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of the apparatus or module can be electrical, mechanical or other forms. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A precise fertilizer injection control system for an integrated water and fertilizer machine, characterized in that, It includes a data acquisition unit, a yield analysis unit, a morphology analysis unit, a regional division unit, and a precision control unit; The data acquisition unit is used to collect data on soil moisture and nutrient concentration in the composite farmland through a sensor array, collect data on crop morphology images through a camera, and collect real-time data on crop yield through weighing, and then transmit the data set to the yield analysis unit for analysis. The yield analysis unit is used to analyze the information data collected by the data acquisition unit, and to determine the suitable soil moisture range and suitable nutrient concentration range for crops in each growth stage, based on crop yield as the analysis benchmark. The morphological analysis unit determines the growth period of the crop to be regulated by water and fertilizer based on the real-time morphological images, and determines the suitable soil moisture range and suitable nutrient concentration range of the crop to be regulated by water and fertilizer based on the growth period. The regional division unit is used to initially divide the composite farmland according to the boundaries of adjacent crop planting areas. Then, based on the differences in water and fertilizer penetration range and demand during irrigation, the planting and irrigation area is divided into core area, boundary buffer zone and overlapping penetration area. The specific methods for dividing the region are as follows: S31, using the TDR moisture meter tracer method and fertilization depth gradient experiment, the maximum lateral infiltration distance of water and fertilizer at the boundary of adjacent crop planting areas was calculated for each irrigation. The data is then stored and analyzed to determine the distance of the overlapping permeation zone. The analysis process is as follows: , where D is the distance of the overlapping infiltration zone; S32, the boundary buffer zone is twice the distance of the overlapping infiltration zone, located on both sides of the boundary of adjacent crop planting areas, and includes the overlapping infiltration zone; S33, the core area is the other side of the boundary buffer zone away from the boundary line; The precision control unit divides the area into three zones based on the regional division unit: core zone: areas far from the boundary and exceeding the infiltration range, directly irrigated according to crop needs; boundary buffer zone: areas close to the boundary, where irrigation is reduced according to infiltration patterns; overlapping infiltration zone: areas where infiltration overlaps on both sides of the boundary, where only necessary water and fertilizer are supplemented.

2. The precise fertilizer injection control system for an integrated water and fertilizer machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, Soil moisture in the composite farmland is monitored and collected using a moisture sensor; nutrient concentration is monitored and collected using an EC sensor to reflect the nutrient concentration in the soil, with a higher EC value indicating a higher nutrient concentration; crop morphology images collected by the data acquisition unit include historical and real-time crop morphology images; and crop yield is collected by weighing the crop yield per acre.

3. The precise fertilizer injection control system for an integrated water and fertilizer machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for determining the suitable soil moisture and suitable nutrient concentration range for crops, using crop yield as the analytical benchmark, is as follows: S11, Obtain time series data of soil moisture, nutrient concentration and fruit yield of crops in the compound farmland in previous years; S12 uses crop yield as a screening criterion to screen out soil moisture and nutrient concentration data of crops with high yields. S13. Using the seedling stage, jointing stage, flowering stage, grain filling stage, and maturity stage as screening criteria, all soil moisture data and nutrient concentration data extracted in step S12 are screened to obtain soil moisture datasets and nutrient concentration datasets that correspond one-to-one with the seedling stage, jointing stage, flowering stage, grain filling stage, and maturity stage. S14. Based on the soil moisture dataset and nutrient concentration dataset, determine the suitable soil moisture range and suitable nutrient concentration range for each growth stage.

4. The precise fertilizer injection control system for an integrated water and fertilizer machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for determining the growth stage of crops based on real-time morphological images of crops awaiting water and fertilizer regulation is as follows: S21. Collect historical morphological images of crops at different growth stages as a dataset, and randomly divide the dataset into a training set and a test set. Label the corresponding growth stage on each morphological image in the training set as a label. S22, a crop growth period judgment model is constructed based on a convolutional neural network. The crop growth period judgment model is trained using a training set and tested using a test set to obtain a qualified crop growth period judgment model. S23. The real-time morphological images of the crops to be regulated by water and fertilizer are captured by a camera and input into a qualified crop growth period judgment model to determine the growth period of the crops to be regulated by water and fertilizer. Then, the appropriate soil moisture range and appropriate nutrient concentration range corresponding to this growth period are determined by the yield analysis unit.

5. The precise fertilizer injection control system for an integrated water and fertilizer machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The methods for precisely controlling the amount of water and fertilizer irrigation are as follows: S41, Based on the yield analysis unit and the morphology analysis unit, determine the suitable soil moisture range for the current crop growth period. Suitable nutrient concentration range Then, the soil moisture and nutrient concentration of the fertile farmland under water and fertilizer regulation are monitored and analyzed in real time. and These represent the lower and upper limits of the suitable soil moisture range, respectively. and These are the lower and upper limits of the suitable nutrient concentration range, respectively. S42, if the actual measured soil moisture or If the actual measured soil moisture is... Then, through the integrated water and fertilizer machine, based on the relative soil moisture difference... The core area was irrigated with water to bring the soil moisture to a suitable range, and the amount of water q was recorded. S43, if the actual measured nutrient concentration or If the actual soil moisture is... Then, through the integrated water and fertilizer machine, based on the relative nutrient concentration difference... Fertilizer is applied to the core area of ​​the farmland to ensure that the nutrient concentration in the core area reaches the appropriate nutrient concentration range, and the amount of fertilizer applied, f, is recorded.

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