A high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for explosion-proof and heat-insulated coal gas and a dust removal method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of environmental protection equipment technology, specifically relating to an explosion-proof, insulated, high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas and its dust removal method. The invention comprises a shell, a ring beam, an insulated, high-temperature resistant explosion-venting device, a heavy-duty, large-displacement sliding support, an ash hopper, a scraper conveying device, a dust collection and conveying mechanism, a dust removal mechanism, and an anode-cathode matching structure. The shell of this invention can withstand an explosion-venting pressure impact of 0.1 MPa, featuring a super-large shell structure with a maximum diameter of Ф15.8 meters. Its high-temperature resistant and insulated design allows operation under inlet flue gas temperatures ≤450℃ and outlet temperature drops ≤50℃. This invention employs a dust removal design combining mechanical tracking floating rapping and acoustic cleaning, providing a dry fine dust removal device for low-rank coal pyrolysis gas. This invention meets the requirements for high-temperature insulated operation, avoiding tar precipitation and adhesion, and ensuring a dust removal efficiency of over 99% at high temperatures, solving the problem of high tar dust content in low-rank coal pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis gas recovery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of environmental protection equipment technology, specifically relating to an explosion-proof and heat-insulating high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas and a dust removal method. Background Technology

[0002] Low-rank coal pyrolysis technology is widely used in the coal chemical industry. However, low-rank coal pyrolysis generally suffers from problems such as poor tar quality, high dust content during the pyrolysis process, and difficulty in separating oil and dust in the later stages. Currently, most low-rank coal pyrolysis systems employ cyclone dust collectors, granular bed dust collectors, and metal mesh dust collectors. Cyclone dust collectors, due to their low dust removal efficiency, can only be used for coarse dust removal and cannot solve the oil and dust problem, i.e., the problem of poor tar quality. Granular bed dust collectors have relatively high resistance, are ineffective at removing fine particles, and suffer from problems such as wear and tear due to particle movement. Metal mesh filters have high investment costs and high dust removal efficiency, but also high resistance, and the filters are prone to adhesion, losing their dust removal ability after adhesion and being difficult to regenerate. Therefore, there is an urgent need for equipment with high dust removal efficiency, low resistance, and long-term stable operation for dust removal in low-rank coal pyrolysis flue gas.

[0003] The main components of low-rank coal pyrolysis flue gas are H2, CO, CH4, etc., which are explosive gases. Tar will be released after the temperature drops, and the dust-containing tar has extremely strong adhesion.

[0004] Low-rank coal circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis technology is a novel pyrolysis technology. Because the material inside the pyrolysis furnace is in a fluidized state, the dust concentration carried in its outlet flue gas is higher. This urgently requires the development of a fine dust removal device to effectively separate the dust in the pyrolysis flue gas, so as to ensure the cleanliness of the subsequently recovered tar and the cleanliness of the recovered coal gas, which can be directly recycled as a chemical raw material. Therefore, the explosion-proof and heat-insulated high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas has emerged.

[0005] The standard GB / T 40514-2021 for electrostatic precipitators clearly states that the inlet flue gas temperature should not exceed 400℃. However, the circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis process for low-rank coal requires the inlet flue gas temperature of the fine dust removal device to meet the requirement of 450℃. Moreover, the efficiency of electrostatic precipitators decreases under high-temperature operating environments, especially in the process of dust removal from high-temperature oil-containing pyrolysis coal gas, where problems such as shell deformation, insulator short circuits, and adhesive ash accumulation may occur. Therefore, it is imperative to develop an explosion-proof and heat-insulated high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas.

[0006] Since electric sparks exist inside electrostatic precipitators, their explosion-proof performance must be considered when purifying coal gas.

[0007] To prevent tar precipitation due to a significant drop in coal temperature, an insulating design is essential. No part of the equipment in contact with the flue gas should carry away heat from the flue gas; otherwise, tar will precipitate and accumulate in cooler areas, affecting the operation of the electrostatic precipitator. In particular, the ring beam of the equipment casing cannot be cooled, and it must be able to withstand continuous high-temperature operation.

[0008] Experiments have shown that the dust removal efficiency of high-temperature electrostatic precipitators is relatively low. In order to improve the dust removal efficiency in high-temperature environments and achieve a level of over 99%, a new type of electrode configuration and a special equipment structure must be developed. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This invention provides an explosion-proof, heat-insulating high-temperature electrostatic precipitator and dust removal method for coal gas. Its purpose is to solve the problem of fine dust removal of coal gas from low-rank coal circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis, thereby making the tar recovered by the low-rank coal circulating fluidized bed pyrolysis system clean and the recovered coal gas clean.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: An explosion-proof, heat-insulated, high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas, comprising: The shell has an inlet cone tube connected to one end and an outlet cone tube connected to the other end; the inner and outer surfaces of the shell, the inlet cone tube, and the outlet cone tube are all provided with a heat insulation layer; Multiple annular beams are arranged and connected at intervals on the shell, with adjacent annular beams connected to each other; the upper part of the annular beams is connected by a protective plate; the inlet cone tube and the outlet cone tube are fixedly connected to the annular beams; multiple series-connected closed electric fields are formed in the shell between adjacent annular beams from the inlet cone tube to the outlet cone tube. A heat-insulating and high-temperature resistant explosion relief device is installed on the inlet cone pipe and the outlet cone pipe. Heavy-duty large-displacement sliding support; multiple heavy-duty large-displacement sliding supports are provided to support multiple ring beams. Ash hoppers are equipped with thermal insulation material; each closed electric field has two ash hoppers at the bottom, and the upper part of the ash hoppers is connected and fixed to the ring beam. The scraper conveying device consists of two sets. The two sets of scraper conveying devices are respectively connected to the bottom of the ash hopper and the inlet cone and outlet cone. The inlet cone and the scraper conveying device are connected by inclined pipes, and the outlet cone and the scraper conveying device are connected by inclined pipes. Dust collection and conveying mechanism, which is connected to the bottom of the scraper dust conveying device; The dust removal mechanism is connected within a closed electric field; The anode and cathode matching structures are fixedly connected to the ring beam.

[0011] The shell is a horizontal cylindrical structure made of Q345R steel plate or high-temperature resistant 15CrMo steel plate; the inlet and outlet cone tubes are both conical tube structures; the inner insulation layer of the shell, inlet cone tube and outlet cone tube is made of ceramic fiber folded modules, and the outer insulation layer is a combination structure of aluminum silicate cotton and color-coated plate; the anode and cathode matching structure includes an anode row, a cathode row, an anode crossbeam, a cathode row frame and an electrode suspension bracket. The anode row is connected and fixed to the end face of the ring beam through both ends of the anode crossbeam. The cathode row is fixed to the cathode row suspension bracket through the side cantilever bracket on the cathode row frame. The cathode row suspension bracket is suspended on the ring beam by the hanger rod.

[0012] The ring beams consist of five identical structures; the width of the ring beams at both ends is greater than the width of the three middle ring beams; each ring beam includes an outer ring plate, a blocking plate, an inner ring plate, stiffening plates, stiffening tubes, and a conical bottom; the inner and outer ring plates are circular structures with different inner diameters, with the inner ring plate located inside the outer ring plate; multiple stiffening plates are spaced apart between the inner and outer ring plates; the inner and outer ring plates are connected on both sides by blocking plates; the inner ring plate, outer ring plate, and blocking plates on both sides form a ring structure with a cavity in the middle, which is filled with thermal insulation material; stiffening tubes for connecting adjacent ring beams are connected to the blocking plates; a conical bottom with a conical protrusion structure is provided on the inner side of the bottom of the inner ring plate; an internal passage is provided at the horizontal diameter position of the inner ring plate.

[0013] The inclination angle of the cone bottom sidewall is 50-60°; the ring beam is made of Q345R steel plate or high-temperature resistant 15CrMo steel plate; the insulation material filled in the cone bottom is rock wool; the ring beam is also provided with an inner insulation layer and an outer insulation layer.

[0014] The heat-insulating and high-temperature resistant explosion venting device includes an explosion venting device cover, a base, a guide rod, a spring fixing frame, a spring device, and a sealing ring. The heat-insulating and high-temperature resistant explosion venting device is connected to the inlet cone pipe and the outlet cone pipe through the base. The explosion venting device cover is pressed against the sealing ring by the spring device. The spring fixing frame is connected to the base through the guide rod, and the spring device is fixed on the spring fixing frame.

[0015] The ash hopper includes an outer side plate, an inner side plate, ash hopper insulation material, supporting pins, and sliding supports. Multiple outer and inner side plates are provided. These outer side plates are fixedly connected, forming a hollow, open-top-bottom, larger-than-bottom four-sided pyramid shape, and are fixedly connected to the lower part of the ring beam. An inner side plate is installed inside each outer side plate, with ash hopper insulation material filling the space between them. The inner side plates are arranged in sections from top to bottom of the outer side plates, with the upper section overlapping the lower section; the overlaps are not fixed. The upper part of each inner side plate is fixed to the outer side plate by supporting pins. On the side panels, the lower part is positioned and supported on the outer side panel by sliding supports; there are gaps between the adjacent inner side panels; multiple curved rounded corner plates cover the adjacent inner side panels, and these multiple curved rounded corner plates cover the gaps between the adjacent inner side panels; the multiple curved rounded corner plates are arranged from top to bottom with the upper plate overlapping the lower plate, and the overlap is not fixed; the upper part of each curved rounded corner plate is fixed to the outer side panel by support pins, and the lower part of each curved rounded corner plate is positioned and supported on the outer side panel by sliding supports; the ash hopper is connected to the rectangular beam and the ring beam.

[0016] The angle between the outer side plate and the horizontal plane is 70°≥α≥56°.

[0017] The dust collection and conveying mechanism includes a buffer bin and a pneumatic dust conveying device; the top of the buffer bin is connected to the bottom of the scraper dust conveying device, and the bottom of the buffer bin is connected to the pneumatic dust conveying device; the buffer bin is a cone shape that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. The cleaning mechanism includes an acoustic cleaning device and a mechanical tracking floating rapping mechanism. The acoustic cleaning device is installed in each closed electric field. Each closed electric field has 6 acoustic cleaning devices, 3 of which are arranged at the arc position on the upper part of the ring beam, and the other 3 are installed inside the ring beam. The air source for the acoustic cleaning device is superheated steam or heated nitrogen. The mechanical tracking floating rapping mechanism is connected to the ring beam.

[0018] A dust removal method using an explosion-proof, insulated high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas, comprising the following specific steps: Step 1: Preheating of the explosion-proof and heat-insulated high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas; Step 2: High-temperature gas passes through the inlet cone pipe; Step 3: A small portion of the dust carried by the high-temperature hot gas in the inlet cone falls into the scraper conveying device through the inclined pipe. The remaining high-temperature hot gas carrying dust enters the multiple series-connected closed electric fields formed between the inlet cone and the outlet cone in sequence. The dust is removed by the cleaning mechanism in the multiple series-connected closed electric fields through sonic dust removal and vibration cleaning. The cleaned dust falls into the ash hopper below the closed electric field. Step 4: After passing through multiple series-connected closed electric fields, the high-temperature hot coal gas is discharged from the outlet cone and enters the next process; the dust that settles in the outlet cone falls into the scraper ash conveying device through the inclined pipe connected below the outlet cone. Step 5: The dust that falls into the scraper conveying device in Steps 3 and 4 is collected by the dust collection and conveying mechanism, and the collected dust is discharged and reused.

[0019] Beneficial effects: (1) The present invention adopts multiple series-connected closed electric field structures. The multiple series-connected closed electric fields are connected by the shell ring beam. The multiple series-connected closed electric fields remove dust from the incoming flue gas step by step. The high-temperature hot coal gas after step-by-step charging and dust removal finally achieves the required dust removal effect, that is, the dust removal efficiency ≥99%.

[0020] (2) The present invention adopts a horizontal cylindrical shell structure. The main material of the shell is Q345R steel plate or 15CrMo steel plate with higher temperature resistance. Multiple series closed electric fields are connected by multiple ring beams. The ring beams are connected by guard plates, rectangular beams and ash hoppers. The inlet cone pipe and the outlet cone pipe adopt a conical pipe structure. Heat-insulating and high-temperature explosion relief devices are installed on the inlet and outlet to ensure that the shell can withstand the explosion relief pressure impact of 0.1MPa. Moreover, the maximum diameter of the shell can be Ф15.8 meters and the flue gas velocity is controlled within 0.7m / s.

[0021] (3) The shell and inlet and outlet cone tubes of the present invention adopt a heat insulation design combining internal and external insulation, with internal insulation as the main component. The external insulation uses aluminum silicate cotton and color-coated plate. The internal insulation mainly uses ceramic fiber folded modules, which are directly fixed to the surface in contact with flue gas inside the shell through anchors. The folded modules are squeezed together to form a seamless whole, which can expand freely in the compression direction with the thermal deformation of the shell to ensure the heat insulation effect. When the electrostatic precipitator is put into production, it is preheated. When it is put into use, the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet is ultimately guaranteed to be ≤50℃, that is, the temperature drop of the explosion-proof heat-insulating high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas is ≤50℃, thereby avoiding the precipitation and adhesion of tar in the pyrolysis gas to the equipment.

[0022] (4) The present invention adopts a dust collector hopper with a high-temperature resistant inner lining insulation structure. The high-temperature resistant inner lining adopts ceramic fiber folded modules to ensure the insulation effect. The ash chuting angle is ≥55°, thereby ensuring that the ash falling into the hopper can fall freely into the explosion-proof, heat-insulating, high-temperature resistant scraper ash conveying device below. For ultra-large diameter electrostatic precipitators, such as electrostatic precipitators with a diameter of Ф15.8 meters, the ash hopper is designed in two rows, with two hoppers set in each electric field. Each ash hopper is connected to the ring beam and the rectangular beam between the ring beams. The ash hopper is designed with an explosion-proof structure and is reinforced with steel sections around it to ensure that the pressure resistance can reach 0.1MPa.

[0023] (5) When the explosion-proof and heat-insulating high-temperature electrostatic precipitator of coal gas of the present invention is Ф15.8 meters, the operating weight of the equipment with multiple series-connected closed electric fields is nearly 2000 tons. It is necessary to use a heavy-duty large displacement sliding support for electrostatic precipitators. Its heavy-duty static friction coefficient under grease lubrication is 0.01 to 0.02, which is much lower than that of sliding supports using ordinary polytetrafluoroethylene material as friction surface. It is suitable for heavy loads and can meet the large thermal displacement (displacement of more than 100 mm) under the operation of high-temperature electrostatic precipitators. (6) The present invention adopts a heat-insulating and high-temperature resistant explosion relief device, which can be opened instantly to release the explosion pressure when a gas explosion occurs in the electrostatic precipitator. The device is installed on the inlet and outlet cone tubes of the electrostatic precipitator and can withstand the high temperature requirement of 450℃. It can play a sealing role and adopts a heat-insulating design to ensure that the heat of the flue gas is not lost, thereby avoiding the precipitation and adhesion of tar.

[0024] (7) In this invention, the anode and cathode bars are cleaned by a combination of a mechanical tracking floating rapping cleaning mechanism and an acoustic wave-assisted cleaning mechanism. The mechanical tracking floating rapping mechanism ensures stable operation under high temperature and large thermal displacement conditions. The acoustic wave-assisted cleaning increases the cleaning effect and ensures that the mechanical rapping acceleration is insufficient for the large-sized anode and cathode bars. The acoustic wave gas source uses superheated steam or heated nitrogen to avoid lowering the flue gas temperature and causing tar precipitation.

[0025] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is the front view of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a side view of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the ring beam structure in this invention.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a radial sectional view of the housing in this invention.

[0031] Figure 5 This is an axial sectional view of the housing in this invention.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a radial sectional view of the internal components of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 This is an axial sectional view of the internal components of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the acoustic cleaning process in this invention.

[0035] Figure 9 This is an axial sectional view of the acoustic cleaning process in this invention.

[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the ash hopper structure in this invention.

[0037] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the heat-insulating and high-temperature-resistant explosion-venting device in this invention.

[0038] Figure 12 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the ash hopper in this invention.

[0039] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the cone-shaped base in this invention.

[0040] In the diagram: 1. Inlet cone tube; 2. Airflow distribution plate; 3. Annular beam; 3-1. Outer ring plate; 3-2. Blocking plate; 3-3. Inner ring plate; 3-4. Rib plate; 3-5. Rib tube; 3-6. Cone bottom; 3-6-1. First side wall of cone bottom; 3-6-2. Second side wall of cone bottom; 3-7. Thermal insulation material; 4. Protective plate; 5. Thermal insulation and high-temperature resistant explosion relief device; 5-1. Explosion relief device cover; 5-2. Base; 5-3. Guide rod; 5-4. Spring fixing bracket; 5-5. Spring device; 5-6. Sealing ring; 6. Outlet cone tube; 7. Heavy-duty large displacement sliding tube. 8. Support; 9. Ash hopper; 10. Inclined pipe; 11. Scraper conveyor; 12. Buffer bin; 13. Pneumatic conveyor; 14. Inner insulation layer; 15. Outer insulation layer; 16. Rectangular beam; 17. Steel pipe; 18. Anode row; 19. Cathode row; 20. Anode beam; 21. Acoustic cleaning device; 22. Internal passageway; 23. Electric field 1; 24. Electric field 25. Outer side plate; 26. Inner side plate; 27. Ash hopper insulation material; 28. Support fixing pin; 29. ​​Sliding support; 30. Arc-shaped rounded corner plate. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Example 1: according to Figures 1-12 The explosion-proof and heat-insulated high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas shown includes: The shell has an inlet cone tube 1 connected to one end and an outlet cone tube 6 connected to the other end; the inner and outer surfaces of the shell, the inlet cone tube 1 and the outlet cone tube 6 are all provided with a heat insulation layer. Multiple annular beams 3 are provided and connected to the shell at intervals, with adjacent annular beams 3 connected to each other; the upper part of the annular beams 3 is connected by a protective plate 4; the inlet cone tube 1 and the outlet cone tube 6 are fixedly connected to the annular beams 3; multiple series-connected closed electric fields are formed in the shell between adjacent annular beams 3 from the inlet cone tube 1 to the outlet cone tube 6. The heat-insulating and high-temperature resistant explosion relief device 5 is installed on the inlet cone tube 1 and the outlet cone tube 6. Heavy-duty large-displacement sliding support 7, multiple heavy-duty large-displacement sliding supports 7 are provided, and multiple heavy-duty large-displacement sliding supports 7 are used to support multiple ring beams 3. Ash hopper 8, with insulation material installed on it; two ash hoppers 8 are installed at the bottom of each closed electric field; the upper part of the ash hopper 8 is connected and fixed to the ring beam 3. Two sets of scraper conveying devices 9 are provided; the two sets of scraper conveying devices 9 are respectively connected to the bottom of the ash hopper 8 and the inlet cone pipe 1 and the outlet cone pipe 6; the inlet cone pipe 1 and the scraper conveying device 9 are respectively connected by inclined pipes 8′. A dust collection and conveying mechanism is connected to the bottom of the scraper conveying device 9; The dust removal mechanism is connected within a closed electric field; The anode and cathode matching structure is fixedly connected to the ring beam 3.

[0043] In actual use, high-temperature coal gas carrying dust passes through the inlet cone 1; a small portion of the dust carried by the high-temperature hot coal gas in the inlet cone 1 falls into the scraper conveying device 9 through the inclined pipe 8' connected below the inlet cone 1, while the remaining high-temperature hot coal gas carrying dust sequentially enters multiple series-connected closed electric fields formed between the inlet cone 1 and the outlet cone 6. In this embodiment, there are four electric fields, namely electric field 20, electric field 21, electric field 22, and electric field 23. The dust removal mechanism performs ultrasonic dust removal and rapping dust removal in stages, and the removed dust falls into the ash hopper 8 below the closed electric field. The high-temperature hot gas, after passing through four series closed electric fields, is discharged from the outlet cone pipe 6 and enters the next process. The dust that settles in the outlet cone pipe 6 falls into the scraper conveying device 9 through the inclined pipe 8' connected below the outlet cone pipe 6. The dust that falls into the scraper conveying device 9 is collected by the dust collection and conveying mechanism and discharged for reuse. The number of series closed electric fields can be set according to actual needs.

[0044] This invention employs multiple series-connected closed electric field structures. These multiple series-connected closed electric fields are connected by a ring beam in the shell. The multiple series-connected closed electric fields remove dust from the incoming flue gas step by step, and then charge and remove dust from the high-temperature hot coal gas step by step, ultimately achieving the required dust removal effect, namely, a dust removal efficiency ≥99%.

[0045] When the explosion-proof and heat-insulating high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas of this invention reaches a specification of Ф15.8 meters, the operating weight of the equipment with multiple series-connected closed electric fields is nearly 2000 tons. It is necessary to use heavy-duty large-displacement sliding supports. Under grease lubrication, the heavy-duty static friction coefficient is 0.01 to 0.02, which is much lower than that of sliding supports using ordinary polytetrafluoroethylene material as the friction surface. It is suitable for heavy loads and can meet the large thermal displacement under the operation of high-temperature electrostatic precipitators.

[0046] This invention employs a heat-insulating and high-temperature resistant explosion relief device 5, which can instantly open and release the explosion pressure when a gas explosion occurs inside the electrostatic precipitator. This device is installed on the inlet and outlet cone tubes of the electrostatic precipitator and can withstand the high temperature requirement of 450℃. It can play a sealing role and adopts a heat-insulating design to ensure that the heat of the flue gas is not lost, thereby preventing tar from precipitating and adhering.

[0047] In this embodiment, the ash hopper 8 is the ash hopper of the dust collector with application number CN202410817948X and invention name "A Dust Collector Ash Hopper with High-Temperature Resistant Insulation Lining Structure". The ash hopper 8 and the inclined tube 8' are connected by welding. For high-temperature resistance, Q345R or 15CrMo steel plate with higher temperature resistance are selected; for heat insulation, ceramic fiber modules are used for internal insulation, and the same heat insulation cotton as the electrostatic precipitator shell is used for external insulation. The upper opening of the scraper ash conveying device 9 is connected to the ash hopper 8 and the inclined tube 8' by welding.

[0048] The scraper conveyor 9 in this embodiment adopts existing technology; the scraper conveyor 9 includes a conveying device shell, internal insulation, ash chute, chain, and support structure. To ensure its high-temperature resistance, it is made of Q345R or 15CrMo steel plate with higher temperature resistance; for heat insulation, ceramic fiber modules are used internally, and the same insulation cotton as the electrostatic precipitator shell is used externally. The upper opening of the scraper conveyor 9 is connected to the ash hopper 8 and the inclined pipe 8' by welding.

[0049] The function of the scraper conveyor 9 is to collect all the dust that slides into the dust hopper 8 and then transport it to the dust collection and conveying mechanism.

[0050] In order to make the gas entering the inlet cone 1 more uniform, an airflow distribution plate 2 is also provided inside the inlet cone 1 in this embodiment.

[0051] In some embodiments, the shell of the explosion-proof and heat-insulated high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas is a horizontal cylindrical structure made of Q345R steel plate or 15CrMo steel plate with higher temperature resistance; the inlet cone tube 1 and the outlet cone tube 6 both adopt a conical tube structure; the inner insulation layer of the shell, the inlet cone tube 1 and the outlet cone tube 6 adopts a ceramic fiber folded module, and the outer insulation layer adopts a combination structure of aluminum silicate cotton and color-coated plate; the anode and cathode matching structure includes an anode row 16, a cathode row 16′, an anode crossbeam 17, a cathode row frame and an electrode suspension bracket. The anode row 16 is connected and fixed to the end face of the ring beam 3 through both ends of the anode crossbeam 17. The cathode row is fixed to the cathode row suspension bracket through the side cantilever bracket on the cathode row frame. The cathode row suspension bracket is suspended on the ring beam 3 by the hanger rod. This embodiment adopts a four-field structure. The four electric fields are supported and connected by five ring beams 3. The ring beams 3 are connected by a guard plate 4, a rectangular beam 14 and an ash hopper 8. Insulated, high-temperature resistant explosion-proof devices 5 are installed at the inlet and outlet to ensure that the shell can withstand an explosion-proof pressure impact of 0.1 MPa. The maximum diameter of the shell can reach Ф15.8 meters, and the flue gas velocity is controlled within 0.7 m / s. The shell, inlet cone 1, and outlet cone 6 all adopt a combined internal and external insulation design, with internal insulation as the primary method. The external insulation uses a combination of aluminum silicate cotton and color-coated steel plates. The internal insulation mainly uses ceramic fiber folded modules, which are directly fixed to the surface in contact with the flue gas inside the shell using anchors. The ceramic fiber folded modules are squeezed together to form a seamless whole, allowing free expansion in the compression direction due to thermal deformation of the shell, thus ensuring the insulation effect. When the explosion-proof insulated high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas is required to operate, it is preheated to ensure that the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet is ≤50℃, i.e., the temperature drop of the explosion-proof insulated high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas is ≤50℃, thereby preventing tar from precipitating and adhering to the equipment in the pyrolysis gas.

[0052] In this embodiment, the anode row 16 consists of 20-24 anode plates arranged in a row. The anode plates are made of C220 plate, and the material is 2mm thick 00Cr12. The cathode row 16 ， It uses B8 wire, made of 6mm thick 316L steel, with a same-pole spacing of 400mm (different from the 350mm specified in standard JB / T113212-2012), and a different-pole spacing of 200mm. Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown. In specific applications, in this embodiment, the electrostatic precipitator housing is supported by a steel structure or concrete (such as...). Figure 1 As shown, five annular beams 3 are supported by ten heavy-duty large-displacement sliding supports 7. These five annular beams 3 form the skeleton of the electrostatic precipitator, serving a load-bearing function. The upper part of the annular beams 3 is connected by protective plates 4, and the lower part is connected by ash hoppers 8. The inlet cone tube 1 and outlet cone tube 6 are welded to the annular beams 3 at both ends, forming a closed electrostatic precipitator with four electric fields. Anode row 16 and cathode row 16 are also present. ， The fixed connection methods all adopt existing technology, that is, the anode plate is suspended from the anode beam, and the two ends of the anode beam are connected and fixed to the end face of the ring beam 3. Similarly, the cathode row 16 ， It is fixed to the discharge electrode frame, and the frame is fixed to the discharge electrode suspension frame by cantilever frames on both sides. The discharge electrode suspension frame is suspended by hangers, and the hangers are fixed and supported by the insulating support on the upper part of the ring beam 3.

[0053] In some embodiments, five identical annular beams 3 are provided; the width of the annular beams 3 at both ends is greater than the width of the three middle annular beams 3; the annular beam 3 includes an outer ring plate 3-1, a blocking plate 3-2, an inner ring plate 3-3, a reinforcing plate 3-4, a reinforcing tube 3-5, and a conical base 3-6; the inner ring plate 3-3 and the outer ring plate 3-1 are annular structures with different inner diameters, and the inner ring plate 3-3 is disposed inside the outer ring plate 3-1; the inner ring plate 3-3 and the outer ring plate 3-1 are spaced apart by a certain distance. Multiple stiffening plates 3-4; the inner ring plate 3-3 and the outer ring plate 3-1 are connected on both sides by blocking plates 3-2; the inner ring plate 3-3, the outer ring plate 3-1 and the blocking plates 3-2 on both sides form a ring structure with a cavity in the middle, and the cavity is filled with thermal insulation material 3-7; the blocking plates 3-2 are connected with stiffening pipes 3-5 for connecting adjacent ring beams 3; the bottom inner side of the inner ring plate 3-3 is provided with a conical bottom 3-6 with a conical protrusion structure; an internal passage 19 is provided at the horizontal diameter position of the inner ring plate 3-3. The internal passage 19 is used for arranging acoustic cleaning, rapping and maintenance electric field. Furthermore, the inclination angle of the sidewall of the cone bottom 3-6 is 50-60°; the ring beam 3 is made of Q345R steel plate; the insulation material filled in the cone bottom 3-6 is rock wool; the ring beam 3 is also provided with an inner insulation layer 12 and an outer insulation layer 13.

[0054] The inclination angle of the sidewalls of the cone bottom 3-6 is 50-60°, meaning the angle between the first sidewall 3-6-1 and the second sidewall 3-6-2 of the cone bottom is 50-60°. This design ensures that the ash at the bottom of the ring beam 3 can naturally fall into the ash hopper 8. The diameter of the five ring beams 3 is 15.8 meters, which is an exceptionally large specification and not found in existing technology. The inclination angle is the acute angle between the downward direction of the sidewalls of the cone bottom 3-6 and the horizontal plane.

[0055] In some embodiments, the heat-insulating and high-temperature resistant explosion-proof device 5 includes an explosion-proof device cover 5-1, a base 5-2, a guide rod 5-3, a spring fixing frame 5-4, a spring device 5-5, and a sealing ring 5-6. The heat-insulating and high-temperature resistant explosion-proof device 5 is connected to the inlet cone tube 1 and the outlet cone tube 6 through the base 5-2. The cover 5-1 is pressed against the sealing ring 5-6 by the spring device 5-5. The spring fixing frame 5-4 is connected to the base 5-2 through the guide rod 5-3, and the spring device 5-5 is fixed on the spring fixing frame 5-4. When an explosion occurs inside the electrostatic precipitator, the explosion-proof device cover 5-1 pushes the spring device 5-5 to move along the guide rod 5-3, releasing the pressure. Then, under the action of the spring force, the explosion-proof device cover 5-1 automatically resets, thereby achieving the purpose of explosion venting. Figure 11 As shown. The explosion venting device features an internal insulation design, including a high-temperature resistant tungsten carbide ceramic insulation coating and ceramic fiber module insulation. The tungsten carbide ceramic insulation coating is cured onto the inner wall of the high-temperature resistant explosion venting device 5, which comes into contact with the high-temperature flue gas. A layer of ceramic fiber module insulation is then fixed on top of the tungsten carbide ceramic insulation coating, thus providing double insulation protection. The high-temperature resistant explosion venting device 5 incorporates insulation and high-temperature resistance design, eliminating the need for water cooling or any other cooling methods. It can withstand temperatures up to 450℃ and employs an internal and external insulation design with triple sealing to ensure airtightness and a 0% leakage rate, preventing the pyrolysis flue gas from cooling down and releasing tar upon contact with this device.

[0056] Multiple sets of heat-insulated, high-temperature explosion-proof devices 5 are installed on the inlet cone 1 and outlet cone 6 respectively. These devices immediately open to release pressure and protect the equipment in the event of an explosion of the gas inside the explosion-proof, heat-insulated, high-temperature electrostatic precipitator. For a Ф15.8-meter explosion-proof, heat-insulated, high-temperature electrostatic precipitator, 5 sets are installed on the inlet cone 1 and 5 sets on the outlet cone 6, for a total of 10 sets. See details... Figure 1 and 2 .

[0057] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, the ash hopper 8 includes an outer side plate 25, an inner side plate 26, ash hopper insulation material 27, a support fixing pin 28, and a sliding support 29; multiple outer side plates 25 and inner side plates 26 are respectively provided; multiple outer side plates 25 are fixedly connected to form a hollow, open-top and bottom, larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, four-sided pyramid shape, and are fixedly connected to the lower part of the ring beam 24; an inner side plate 26 is provided inside the outer side plate 25, and the space between the outer side plate 25 and the inner side plate 26 is filled with ash hopper insulation material 27; the inner side plate 26 is arranged in sections from top to bottom of the outer side panel 25, with each section overlapping the previous one; the overlaps are not fixed. The upper part of each inner side panel 26 is fixed to the outer side panel 25 by a support pin 28, and the lower part is positioned and supported on the outer side panel 25 by a sliding support 29. There is a gap between adjacent inner side panels 26. Multiple rounded corner plates 30 (e.g., for covering the gap between adjacent inner side panels 26) are placed on the adjacent inner side panels 26. Figure 12 As shown); multiple curved rounded corner plates 30 are arranged from top to bottom with the upper plate pressing down on the lower plate, and the overlapping parts are not fixed; the upper part of each curved rounded corner plate 30 is installed and fixed on the outer plate 25 by a support fixing pin 28, and the lower part of each curved rounded corner plate 30 is positioned and supported on the outer plate 25 by a sliding support 29; the angle formed between the outer plate 25 and the horizontal plane is 70°≥α≥56°; the ash hopper 8 is connected to the rectangular beam 14 and the ring beam 3.

[0058] Specifically, the ash hopper 8 is formed by four sides, with the tops of two opposite sides connected to the rectangular beam 14, and the tops of the other two opposite sides connected to the annular beam 3.

[0059] The rectangular beam 14 provides support for the ash hopper 8 during explosion impact. The interior of adjacent ash hoppers 8 is pulled by steel pipes 15, which are designed in three layers for reinforcement. Two ash hoppers 8 are set in each electric field, and a total of eight are set in the four electric fields. Inclined pipes 8' are set at the bottom of the inlet cone pipe 1 and the outlet cone pipe 6 to ensure that the ash accumulated at the bottom of the inlet cone pipe 1 and the outlet cone pipe 6 can fall naturally into the scraper conveying device 9.

[0060] For ultra-large diameter electrostatic precipitators, such as those with a diameter of Ф15.8 meters, the ash hoppers 8 are designed in two rows, with two hoppers per electric field. Each ash hopper 8 is connected to a ring beam 3 and a rectangular beam 14 between the ring beams 3. The ash hoppers 8 are designed with an explosion-proof structure and are reinforced with steel sections to ensure a pressure resistance of up to 0.1 MPa. The eight ash hoppers 8 are connected in groups of four along the flue gas direction by a scraper conveyor 9, which transports the ash from the four ash hoppers 8 to a buffer bin 10 below the head of the scraper conveyor 9. A high-temperature pneumatic conveyor 11 is installed below the buffer bin 10, which transports the ash to the combustion furnace for combustion and power generation. The pneumatic conveyor 11 uses nitrogen as its gas source.

[0061] In some embodiments, the dust collection and conveying mechanism includes a buffer bin 10 and a pneumatic dust conveying device 11; such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the top of the buffer bin 10 is connected to the bottom of the scraper conveying device 9, and the bottom of the buffer bin 10 is connected to the pneumatic conveying device 11; the buffer bin 10 is a cone shape with a larger top and a smaller bottom.

[0062] In practical applications, the dust collected by the four electric fields (electric field 20, electric field 21, electric field 22, electric field 23, inlet cone 1, and outlet cone 6) is transported to the buffer bin 10 through two sets of scraper conveying devices 9. The scraper conveying devices 9 also adopt an internal and external insulation design, similar to the insulation design of the shell of an explosion-proof insulated high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas. The buffer bin 10 is equipped with a material level detection device and a weighing device. The material level detection and weighing devices simultaneously detect the amount of ash in the buffer bin 10, thereby periodically discharging the collected ash through the pneumatic ash conveying device 11 according to the program control. However, a certain amount of ash is always kept in the buffer bin 10 to play the role of ash sealing, preventing pyrolysis gas from entering the subsequent ash discharge system, solving the problems of ash conveying safety and preventing tar precipitation from clogging the ash conveying device.

[0063] The pneumatic ash conveying device 11 used in this embodiment is the same as the traditional pneumatic conveying device, adopting a bottom-feed conveying pump and using high-temperature resistant materials, including related valves made of stainless steel.

[0064] In some embodiments, the cleaning mechanism includes an acoustic cleaning device 18 and a mechanical tracking floating rapping mechanism; the acoustic cleaning device 18 is disposed in each closed electric field; each closed electric field is provided with 6 acoustic cleaning devices 18, of which 3 are arranged at the arc position on the upper part of the annular beam 3, and the other 3 are disposed inside the annular beam 3; the air source 37 of the acoustic cleaning device 18 adopts superheated steam or heated nitrogen; the mechanical tracking floating rapping mechanism is connected to the internal passage 19 of the annular beam 3.

[0065] In actual use, the explosion-proof and heat-insulated high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas is equipped with an anode row 16 and a cathode row 16 using existing technology. ， (like Figure 6 As shown), the electrode row between anode row 16 and anode row 16 is cathode row 16. ， It is a commonly used component of electrostatic precipitators. This invention considers both the anode row 16 and the cathode row 16. ，Due to its large size, a sonic cleaning device 18 is specially installed to ensure a better cleaning effect. Six sonic cleaning devices 18 are arranged in the air inlet direction of each electric field, including three arranged at the upper arc position of the ring beam 3 and three arranged on the internal walkway 19 of the ring beam, for a total of six in each electric field and 24 in total for the four electric fields. The gas source 37 used to generate the sound waves is superheated steam or heated nitrogen to avoid lowering the flue gas temperature and causing tar precipitation, thus playing an auxiliary role in cleaning.

[0066] The acoustic cleaning device 18 in this embodiment is the same as the traditional acoustic cleaning device, except that the material is designed to be resistant to high temperatures. Since it is used in a gas electrostatic precipitator, the gas source must be inert gas or steam.

[0067] When the explosion-proof, insulated, high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas in this application reaches a specification of Ф15.8 meters, the operating weight of the equipment in the four electric fields is nearly 2000 tons. Therefore, a heavy-duty, large-displacement sliding support for the electrostatic precipitator must be used. The heavy-duty, large-displacement sliding support 7 in this application adopts the prior art entitled "Heavy-duty, Large-displacement Sliding Support for Electrostatic Precipitator," application number CN202411210687.1. The heavy-duty, large-displacement sliding support 7 for the electrostatic precipitator uses grease lubrication. Under grease lubrication, the heavy-duty static friction coefficient is 0.01 to 0.02, which is far lower than that of sliding supports using ordinary polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material as the friction surface. It is suitable for heavy loads and can meet the large thermal displacement (displacement exceeding 100 mm) under the operation of the high-temperature electrostatic precipitator.

[0068] The mechanical tracking floating rapping mechanism in this embodiment uses existing technology, and its function is to clean dust mechanically.

[0069] In some embodiments, to prevent localized tar precipitation and adhesion to the equipment, multiple steam cleaning pipelines are pre-installed in the explosion-proof insulated gas high-temperature electrostatic precipitator, and are arranged in advance at locations where coking may occur.

[0070] Example 2: A dust removal method using an explosion-proof, insulated high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas, comprising the following specific steps: Step 1: Preheating of the explosion-proof and heat-insulated high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas; Step 2: High-temperature gas passes through inlet cone 1; Step 3: A small portion of the dust carried by the high-temperature hot gas in the inlet cone tube 1 falls into the scraper conveying device 9 through the inclined tube 8'. The remaining high-temperature hot gas carrying dust enters the multiple series-connected closed electric fields formed between the inlet cone tube 1 and the outlet cone tube 6. The dust is removed by the cleaning mechanism in the multiple series-connected closed electric fields through sonic dust removal and vibration cleaning. The cleaned dust falls into the ash hopper 8 below the closed electric field. Step 4: After passing through multiple series-connected closed electric fields, the high-temperature hot coal gas is discharged from the outlet cone 6 and enters the next process; the dust that settles in the outlet cone 6 falls into the scraper ash conveying device 9 through the inclined pipe 8′ connected below the outlet cone 6. Step 5: The dust that falls into the scraper conveying device 9 in Steps 3 and 4 is collected by the dust collection and conveying mechanism, and the collected dust is discharged and reused.

[0071] In practical use, the shell, inlet cone 1, outlet cone 6, and ash hopper 8 of this invention are all designed with a combination of internal and external insulation (see details). Figure 4 and Figure 5 The insulation primarily consists of internal insulation, with external insulation combining aluminum silicate cotton and color-coated steel sheets. The internal insulation mainly utilizes ceramic fiber folded modules, directly fixed to the surfaces in contact with flue gas inside the shell using anchors. These folded modules are interlocked to form a seamless whole, allowing for free expansion in the compression direction due to thermal deformation of the shell, ensuring effective insulation. Before starting the explosion-proof insulated gas high-temperature electrostatic precipitator, it must first be preheated to ensure that the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet is ≤50℃, i.e., a temperature drop of ≤50℃, thus preventing tar precipitation and adhesion of the pyrolysis gas to the equipment. The internal insulation layer 12 used in this application is a ceramic fiber folded module with a thickness of approximately 200–250 mm, while the external insulation layer 13 uses aluminum silicate cotton with a thickness of approximately 100 mm. The electrostatic precipitator housing contains anode rows 16 for dust collection. Anode beams 17 supporting the anode plates are fixed to the annular beam blocking plate 3-2 of the housing. Therefore, the anode beams 17, which are in contact with the high-temperature flue gas, will conduct heat to the annular beam blocking plate 3-2, and then to the outer ring plate 3-1. Thus, the entire electrostatic precipitator must be externally insulated to prevent any heat from being conducted to the outside along the steel structure. After staged electrostatic precipitation, the high-temperature hot coal gas ultimately achieves a dust removal efficiency of ≥99%.

[0072] In this invention, when the explosion-proof and heat-insulating high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas is used in a low-rank coal pyrolysis system, it must be preheated with steam or hot flue gas generated by a combustion power plant to a temperature of about 350°C or higher. This is to prevent the low-rank coal pyrolysis gas from encountering the equipment at a lower temperature and precipitating tar, which would then adhere to the equipment and damage its functionality.

[0073] Where there is no conflict, those skilled in the art can combine the relevant technical features in the above examples according to the actual situation to achieve the corresponding technical effects. Specific details of the various combinations will not be elaborated here.

[0074] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0075] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" in this invention is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features.

[0076] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein. Any simple modifications, equivalent variations, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for explosion-proof and heat-insulated coal gas, characterized in that: include The shell has an inlet cone tube (1) connected to one end and an outlet cone tube (6) connected to the other end; the inner and outer surfaces of the shell, the inlet cone tube (1) and the outlet cone tube (6) are all provided with a heat insulation layer; Multiple annular beams (3) are provided, and multiple annular beams (3) are connected to the shell at intervals, and adjacent annular beams (3) are connected; the upper part of the annular beams (3) is connected by a protective plate (4); the inlet cone tube (1) and the outlet cone tube (6) are fixedly connected to the annular beams (3); multiple series-connected closed electric fields are formed in the shell between the adjacent annular beams (3) from the inlet cone tube (1) to the outlet cone tube (6); Insulated and high-temperature resistant explosion relief device (5), which is installed on the inlet cone pipe (1) and the outlet cone pipe (6); Heavy-duty large displacement sliding support (7), multiple heavy-duty large displacement sliding supports (7) are provided, and multiple heavy-duty large displacement sliding supports (7) are used to support multiple ring beams (3); Ash hopper (8), with insulation material installed on the ash hopper (8); two ash hoppers (8) are installed at the bottom of each closed electric field, and the upper part of the ash hopper (8) is connected and fixed to the ring beam (3); Scraper conveying device (9), two sets of scraper conveying device (9) are provided; the two sets of scraper conveying device (9) are respectively connected to the bottom of the ash hopper (8) and the inlet cone pipe (1) and the outlet cone pipe (6); the inlet cone pipe (1) and the scraper conveying device (9) are respectively connected by inclined pipe (8′); A dust collection and conveying mechanism is connected to the bottom of the scraper conveying device (9); The dust removal mechanism is connected within a closed electric field; The anode and cathode matching structure is fixedly connected to the ring beam (3); The shell is a horizontal cylindrical structure made of Q345R steel plate or high-temperature resistant 15CrMo steel plate; the inlet cone tube (1) and outlet cone tube (6) are both conical tube structures; the inner insulation layer of the shell, inlet cone tube (1) and outlet cone tube (6) is made of ceramic fiber folded modules, and the outer insulation layer is a combination structure of aluminum silicate cotton and color-coated plate; the anode and cathode matching structure includes an anode row (16) and a cathode row (16). ， ), anode crossbeam (17), cathode array frame and electrode suspension bracket, the anode array (16) is fixed to the end face of the ring beam (3) through both ends of the anode crossbeam (17), the cathode array (16) ， The cathode array is fixed to the cathode array suspension frame via the side cantilever frame on the cathode array frame. The cathode array suspension frame is suspended on the ring beam (3) via the hanger rod.

2. The explosion-proof and heat-insulating high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The annular beam (3) consists of five identical structures; the width of the two end annular beams (3) is greater than the width of the three middle annular beams (3); the annular beam (3) includes an outer ring plate (3-1), a blocking plate (3-2), an inner ring plate (3-3), a reinforcing plate (3-4), a reinforcing tube (3-5), and a conical bottom (3-6); the inner ring plate (3-3) and the outer ring plate (3-1) are annular structures with different inner diameters, and the inner ring plate (3-3) is located inside the outer ring plate (3-1); multiple reinforcing bars are spaced apart between the inner ring plate (3-3) and the outer ring plate (3-1). Plate (3-4); the inner ring plate (3-3) and the outer ring plate (3-1) are connected on both sides by a blocking plate (3-2); the inner ring plate (3-3), the outer ring plate (3-1) and the blocking plates (3-2) on both sides form a ring structure with a cavity in the middle, and the cavity is filled with thermal insulation material (3-7); the blocking plate (3-2) is connected with a reinforcing tube (3-5) for connecting adjacent ring beams (3); the inner bottom of the inner ring plate (3-3) is provided with a cone bottom (3-6) with a conical protrusion structure; an internal passage (19) is provided at the horizontal diameter position of the inner ring plate (3-3).

3. The explosion-proof and heat-insulating high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the side wall of the cone bottom (3-6) is 50-60°; the ring beam (3) is made of Q345R steel plate or high-temperature resistant 15CrMo steel plate; the insulation material filled in the cone bottom (3-6) is rock wool; the ring beam (3) is also provided with an inner insulation layer (12) and an outer insulation layer (13).

4. The explosion-proof and heat-insulating high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The heat-insulating and high-temperature resistant explosion venting device (5) includes an explosion venting device cover (5-1), a base (5-2), a guide rod (5-3), a spring fixing frame (5-4), a spring device (5-5), and a sealing ring (5-6). The heat-insulating and high-temperature resistant explosion venting device (5) is connected to the inlet cone pipe (1) and the outlet cone pipe (6) through the base (5-2). The explosion venting device cover (5-1) is pressed onto the sealing ring (5-6) through the spring device (5-5). The spring fixing frame (5-4) is connected to the base (5-2) through the guide rod (5-3). The spring device (5-5) is fixed on the spring fixing frame (5-4).

5. The explosion-proof and heat-insulating high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The ash hopper (8) includes an outer side plate (25), an inner side plate (26), ash hopper insulation material (27), a support fixing pin (28), and a sliding support (29); the outer side plate (25) and the inner side plate (26) are each provided with multiple pieces; the multiple outer side plates (25) are fixedly connected to form a hollow, open-top and bottom, larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, four-sided pyramid shape, and are fixedly connected to the lower part of the ring beam (24); the inner side plate (26) is provided inside the outer side plate (25), and the ash hopper insulation material (27) is filled between the outer side plate (25) and the inner side plate (26); the inner side plate (26) is divided into several pieces from the upper part to the lower part of the outer side plate (25), with the upper piece overlapping the lower piece, and the overlapping parts are not fixed; the upper part of each inner side plate (26) is fixed by the support fixing pin (28). On the outer side plate (25), the lower part is positioned and supported on the outer side plate (25) by sliding support (29); there is a gap between the left and right adjacent inner side plates (26); multiple arc-shaped rounded corner plates (30) are covered on the left and right adjacent inner side plates (26), and the multiple arc-shaped rounded corner plates (30) cover the gap between the left and right adjacent inner side plates (26); the multiple arc-shaped rounded corner plates (30) are arranged from top to bottom with the upper plate pressing the lower plate, and the overlap is not fixed; the upper part of each arc-shaped rounded corner plate (30) is installed and fixed on the outer side plate (25) by support fixing pin (28), and the lower part of each arc-shaped rounded corner plate (30) is positioned and supported on the outer side plate (25) by sliding support (29); the ash hopper (8) is connected to the rectangular beam (14) and the ring beam (3).

6. The explosion-proof and heat-insulated high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The angle between the outer side plate (25) and the horizontal plane is 70°≥α≥56°.

7. The explosion-proof and heat-insulated high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The dust collection and conveying mechanism includes a buffer bin (10) and a pneumatic dust conveying device (11); the top of the buffer bin (10) is connected to the bottom of the scraper dust conveying device (9), and the bottom of the buffer bin (10) is connected to the pneumatic dust conveying device (11); the buffer bin (10) is a cone shape with a larger top and a smaller bottom.

8. The explosion-proof and heat-insulating high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning mechanism includes an acoustic cleaning device (18) and a mechanical tracking floating rapping mechanism; the acoustic cleaning device (18) is set in each closed electric field; each closed electric field is equipped with 6 acoustic cleaning devices (18), of which 3 are arranged at the arc position on the upper part of the ring beam (3), and the other 3 are set in the ring beam (3); the air source (37) of the acoustic cleaning device (18) is superheated steam or heated nitrogen; the mechanical tracking floating rapping mechanism is connected to the ring beam (3).

9. A dust removal method for a high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for explosion-proof and insulated coal gas, characterized in that: The explosion-proof and heat-insulated high-temperature electrostatic precipitator for coal gas as described in any one of claims 1-8 is used, and the specific steps are as follows: Step 1: High-temperature gas passes through the inlet cone pipe (1); Step 2: A small portion of the dust carried by the high-temperature hot gas in the inlet cone (1) falls into the scraper ash conveying device (9) through the inclined tube (8′). The other high-temperature hot gas carrying dust enters the multiple series closed electric fields formed between the inlet cone (1) and the outlet cone (6) in sequence. The dust is removed by the cleaning mechanism in the multiple series closed electric fields through sonic dust removal and vibration cleaning. The cleaned dust falls into the ash hopper (8) below the closed electric field. Step 3: After passing through multiple series closed electric fields, the high-temperature hot coal gas is discharged from the outlet cone (6) and enters the next process; the dust that settles in the outlet cone (6) falls into the scraper ash conveying device (9) through the inclined pipe (8′) connected below the outlet cone (6); Step 4: The dust that falls into the scraper conveying device (9) in Step 2 and Step 3 enters the dust collection and conveying mechanism, collects the dust, and discharges the collected dust for reuse.

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