A tunnel trolley support system and method capable of intelligently adapting to geological conditions

Abstract

The application discloses a tunnel trolley supporting system and method capable of intelligently adapting to geological conditions and belongs to the technical field of tunnel safety supporting. The application comprises a supporting truss, a rigid supporting mechanism and a flexible supporting mechanism. The flexible supporting mechanism comprises an air bag and is used for preliminarily supporting the tunnel surrounding rock. The rigid supporting mechanism comprises a mounting frame, a plurality of air chambers are arranged in the mounting frame, and an adjusting assembly is arranged in the air chamber. The adjusting assembly comprises a piston plate and a piston rod arranged on the piston plate. The free end of the piston rod extends to the air bag through the mounting frame and is connected with a supporting plate. The supporting plate is used for secondarily supporting the tunnel surrounding rock from the inside of the air bag. The supporting pressure of each supporting plate can be adjusted through the inflation pressure in the corresponding air chamber to adapt to different geological conditions. The application has good self-adapting capability and realizes dynamic distribution of the surrounding rock pressure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel safety support technology, and more specifically, relates to an intelligent tunnel trolley support system and method that adapts to geological conditions. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel engineering projects face complex and variable geological conditions, making them highly susceptible to roof falls and collapses during excavation, posing serious threats to the safety of construction workers and the project itself. Therefore, tunnel support structures are a crucial factor in ensuring construction safety. For example, patent CN118327608A discloses a tunnel support structure and method; and patent CN111676978A discloses a foundation pit support structure and method for foundation pits with tunnels in the sidewalls, etc.

[0003] However, traditional support structures are mostly rigid designs, which are difficult to dynamically adapt to real-time changes in the surrounding rock. During construction, the support parameters are adjusted based on manual experience, resulting in a response lag. Especially in soft rock, faults, or water-rich strata, the support system and the surrounding rock deformation are not coordinated enough, which can easily lead to local stress concentration. It is impossible to accurately control the geological differences in different areas of the tunnel roof, resulting in uneven support effects.

[0004] A search revealed that CN221921023U discloses a trolley for supporting and preventing face collapse injuries in tunnel excavation. This application adds two sets of parallelogram-shaped buffer protectors and a secondary protective canopy to the trolley. These protectors and canopies provide protection for personnel on the operating platform. In the event of a face collapse, the two sets of parallelogram-shaped buffer protectors and the secondary protective canopy form two levels of protection, significantly improving the safety of personnel on the operating platform.

[0005] For example, patent CN119777947A discloses a temporary support trolley for in-situ tunnel reconstruction and expansion based on airbags. In this application, airbags can provide elastic support to the surrounding rock of the tunnel, adapting to support in different geological areas and ensuring the uniformity of support effect.

[0006] The above applications all involve technical improvements to tunnel support, but the industry still needs more diverse designs to address the problem that traditional support structures lack self-adaptability and are unable to dynamically adapt to real-time changes in the surrounding rock. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The problem to be solved In view of at least some of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention proposes an intelligent tunnel trolley support system and method that adapts to geological conditions. The purpose is to solve the problem that the existing support structure has insufficient self-adaptability and is difficult to dynamically adapt to real-time changes in the surrounding rock.

[0008] Technical solution To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The present invention discloses an intelligent tunnel trolley support system adaptable to geological conditions, comprising a support truss, wherein the support truss is provided with, Flexible support mechanism The flexible support mechanism includes an airbag that is arc-shaped, which is used to provide initial support for the surrounding rock of the tunnel after being inflated. Rigid support mechanism The rigid support mechanism includes a mounting frame for supporting the airbag, the mounting frame having a plurality of air chambers, and the air chambers having adjustment components. The adjustment assembly includes a piston plate and a piston rod located on the piston plate; The piston plate divides the air chamber into upper and lower cavities; the free end of the piston rod extends through the mounting frame into the air bladder and is connected to a support plate. The support plate is used to provide secondary support to the tunnel surrounding rock from inside the airbag, and the support pressure of each support plate can be adjusted by the inflation pressure in the corresponding air chamber. And gas transmission facilities, The gas supply mechanism is used to supply gas to the lower cavity of the airbag and air chamber.

[0009] In some embodiments, the top of the airbag is provided with a plurality of support blocks along its circumference, and the mounting bracket is provided with at least one fiber optic strain sensor in the area corresponding to each support block, for monitoring the deformation state in different areas of the airbag.

[0010] In some embodiments, the gas chamber is provided with a pressure sensor and / or a displacement sensor; wherein the pressure sensor is used to monitor pressure changes inside the gas chamber; and the displacement sensor is used to monitor position changes of the piston plate.

[0011] In some embodiments, the piston plate is provided with a first elastic element, which is confined between the piston plate and the top wall of the air chamber, for buffering and resetting the descent of the piston plate.

[0012] In some embodiments, the airbag has connecting plates at both ends for connecting to the mounting bracket, and the airbag is integrally sealed on the mounting bracket to form a complete sealed cavity; the top wall of the sealed cavity is provided with anti-slip grooves; The connecting plate is provided with a second air inlet for communication with the air supply mechanism.

[0013] In some embodiments, the gas delivery mechanism includes a gas pump and a first gas delivery pipe and a second gas delivery pipe communicating with the gas pump; wherein, The second gas supply pipe is connected to the second gas inlet via a second gas valve; The first gas supply pipe is connected to a gas supply branch pipe, and the gas supply branch pipe is connected to the first gas inlet on the gas chamber through a first gas valve.

[0014] In some embodiments, the mounting bracket is still provided with a mounting groove, and the mounting groove has an opening on the side facing the air chamber; The mounting groove is provided with a locking assembly, which includes a limiting slide plate. One end of the limiting slide plate is located in the mounting groove and is connected to a second elastic element; the other end extends into the air chamber through an opening and is connected to a friction plate. The piston rod is provided with a friction strip that fits in contact with the friction plate to cushion the descent of the piston rod.

[0015] In some embodiments, a limiting groove is provided on the upper surface of the limiting slide near the edge, and the piston rod is provided with limiting teeth that cooperate with the limiting groove; During the piston rod's descent, the friction band generates friction on the friction plate, which in turn causes the limiting slide to shift and pulls the second elastic element to generate a rebound force. When the friction force cannot overcome the rebound force of the second elastic element, the limiting teeth will not engage in the limiting slot. When the friction force overcomes the rebound force of the second elastic element, the limiting teeth engage in the limiting slot and restrict the piston rod from moving further downward.

[0016] In some embodiments, a support rail is also included, on which the support truss is slidably mounted; The supporting truss is a lifting support, and several supporting columns are provided between the mounting frame and the supporting truss.

[0017] The support method of the intelligent tunnel trolley support system that adapts to geological conditions, as described above, includes the following steps. S1. The entire device is moved to the location of the tunnel that needs support by means of the supporting truss. S2. Inflate the airbag through the air supply mechanism to make the arc-shaped airbag expand and provide initial support for the surrounding rock of the tunnel; S3. The lower cavity of the air chamber is filled with air through the air supply mechanism, which increases the air pressure in the lower cavity. This pushes the piston plate to move the support plate at the top of the piston rod upward to the top position inside the air bag, thereby achieving secondary support for the surrounding rock of the tunnel. S4. During the support process, fiber optic strain sensors are used to monitor the deformation of different areas at the top of the airbag to determine the geological conditions of the corresponding area of ​​the tunnel surrounding rock. For different geological areas, the support pressure of the support plate on the corresponding area of ​​the airbag can be adjusted by controlling the amount of air injected into the air chamber, thereby realizing the adaptive support adjustment function. S5. By monitoring the changes in air pressure inside the air chamber through pressure sensors and by monitoring the changes in the position of the piston plate in height through displacement sensors, real-time monitoring of the geological collapse of the surrounding rock in the tunnel can be achieved.

[0018] Beneficial effects Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) The present invention provides an intelligent tunnel trolley support system that adapts to geological conditions, comprising a flexible support mechanism and a rigid support mechanism; wherein, the flexible support mechanism is used to provide initial support to the surrounding rock of the tunnel after being inflated; the adjustment component of the rigid support mechanism can provide secondary support to the surrounding rock of the tunnel after being inflated; at the same time, the adjustment component can flexibly adjust its support pressure according to the geological conditions in different areas, and has good self-adaptive ability, realizing the dynamic distribution of the surrounding rock pressure.

[0019] (2) The present invention provides an intelligent tunnel trolley support system that adapts to geological conditions. At least one fiber optic strain sensor is provided in the area corresponding to each support block on the mounting frame. The fiber optic strain sensor can monitor the deformation state in different areas of the airbag to determine the geological conditions in the corresponding area and provide a reference for adjusting the secondary support pressure of the components in the later stage, so as to achieve more accurate dynamic distribution of support force.

[0020] (3) The present invention provides an intelligent tunnel trolley support system that adapts to geological conditions. The system is equipped with a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor in the air chamber, which can monitor the pressure changes inside the air chamber and the position changes of the piston plate, so as to realize real-time monitoring of the geological collapse of the surrounding rock of the tunnel. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent tunnel trolley support system that adapts to geological conditions according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the assembly between the gas delivery mechanism, the rigid support mechanism, and the flexible support mechanism in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly between the mounting bracket and the airbag in this invention; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the flexible support mechanism in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly between the adjustment component and the mounting bracket in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustment component in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly between the locking component and the mounting bracket in this invention; Figure 9 for Figure 8 A magnified view of a portion of point B in the middle; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the locking component in this invention.

[0022] In the diagram: 100, supporting slide rail; 200, supporting truss; 300. Rigid support mechanism; 310. Mounting bracket; 311. Air chamber; 312. Mounting slot; 313. First air inlet; 320. Adjustment components; 321. Piston plate; 322. Piston rod; 3221. Friction belt; 3222. Limiting teeth; 323. Support plate; 324. First elastic element; 325. Pressure sensor; 326. Displacement sensor; 327. Fiber optic strain sensor; 330. Locking assembly; 331. Limiting slide plate; 332. Second elastic element; 333. Friction plate; 334. Limiting slot; 340. Support column; 400. Flexible support mechanism; 410. Airbag; 411. Anti-slip groove; 420. Support block; 430. Connecting plate; 440. Second air intake; 500. Gas transmission mechanism; 510. Air pump; 520. First air supply pipe; 530. Second air supply pipe; 540. Air supply branch pipe; 550. First air valve; 560. Second air valve. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To further understand the content of this invention, a detailed description of the invention will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment of an intelligent tunnel trolley support system adaptable to geological conditions includes a support truss 200, a rigid support mechanism 300, a flexible support mechanism 400, and an air supply mechanism 500. The support truss 200 serves as the installation foundation for the entire device and can be a steel structure. The flexible support mechanism 400 provides initial support for the tunnel surrounding rock. The rigid support mechanism 300 supports the flexible support mechanism 400 and provides adjustable secondary support for the surrounding rock. The air supply mechanism 500 primarily provides a power source for the support structures corresponding to the rigid support mechanism 300 and the flexible support mechanism 400.

[0027] Specifically, refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 as well as Figure 7 As shown, the flexible support mechanism 400 includes an airbag 410, which is an arc-shaped structure adapted to the inner wall of the tunnel. After being inflated, the airbag 410 can provide initial support for the surrounding rock of the tunnel.

[0028] The rigid support mechanism 300 includes a mounting frame 310 for supporting the airbag 410. The mounting frame 310 has a plurality of air chambers 311 arranged circumferentially inside it, and each air chamber 311 is provided with an adjustment component 320.

[0029] The adjusting assembly 320 includes a piston plate 321 and a piston rod 322 located on the piston plate 321. The piston plate 321 divides the air chamber 311 into upper and lower cavities. The free end of the piston rod 322 extends through the mounting bracket 310 into the airbag 410 and is connected to a support plate 323. Inflation is supplied to the lower cavity of the air chamber 311 via the air supply mechanism 500, forcing the piston plate 321 to drive the support plate 323 to expand radially, ultimately compressing the top of the airbag 410 to provide secondary support for the tunnel surrounding rock.

[0030] In some embodiments, the piston plate 321 is provided with a first elastic element 324, which is confined between the piston plate 321 and the top wall of the air chamber 311, for buffering and resetting the descent of the piston plate 321.

[0031] This embodiment of a smart tunnel trolley support system adaptable to geological conditions first uses airbags 410 to provide initial support for the tunnel surrounding rock, and then uses adjusting components 320 to provide secondary support. Since both the initial and secondary supports are elastic, they possess excellent self-adaptability and can adapt to support in different geological conditions. Furthermore, because each adjusting component 320 is relatively independent, the support pressure of each support plate 323 can be flexibly adjusted according to the geological conditions in different areas, thereby achieving dynamic distribution of pressure on the surrounding rock.

[0032] like Figure 5 As shown, in some optional embodiments, the airbag 410 has connecting plates 430 at both ends for connecting to the mounting bracket 310. The airbag 410 is completely sealed onto the mounting bracket 310 to form a complete sealed cavity. The top wall of the sealed cavity is provided with anti-slip grooves 411. At the same time, the connecting plate 430 is provided with a second air inlet 440 for communicating with the air delivery mechanism 500.

[0033] Furthermore, the top of the airbag 410 is provided with a plurality of support blocks 420 along its circumference. Preferably, the support blocks 420 are made of an elastic material, such as rubber; and the support blocks 420 have a honeycomb structure inside.

[0034] refer to Figure 4 As shown, in some alternative embodiments, at least one fiber optic strain sensor 327 is provided on the mounting bracket 310 in the area corresponding to each support block 420. The fiber optic strain sensor 327 can monitor the deformation state in different areas of the airbag 410 to determine the geological conditions in the corresponding area, and provide a reference for adjusting the secondary support pressure of the component 320 in the later stage, so as to achieve more accurate dynamic distribution of support force.

[0035] Further, refer to Figure 9 As shown, a pressure sensor 325 and / or a displacement sensor 326 are installed inside the air chamber 311. The pressure sensor 325 is used to monitor pressure changes inside the air chamber 311; the displacement sensor 326 is used to monitor position changes of the piston plate 321, so as to realize real-time monitoring of the geological collapse of the surrounding rock of the tunnel.

[0036] In this specific embodiment, the air chamber 311 has a slot near each end. One slot houses a pressure sensor 325, and the other slot houses a displacement sensor 326. Simultaneously, the pressure sensor 325, displacement sensor 326, and fiber optic strain sensor 327 are all connected to an external central control unit via electrical signals.

[0037] It should be noted that the pressure sensor 325, displacement sensor 326 and fiber optic strain sensor 327 in this embodiment are all existing technologies and can be directly obtained through market purchase.

[0038] like Figure 2 , Figure 5 As shown, in one embodiment of the gas delivery mechanism 500, the gas delivery mechanism 500 includes an air pump 510 and a first gas delivery pipe 520 and a second gas delivery pipe 530 that are interconnected with the air pump 510.

[0039] The first air supply pipe 520 is connected to an air supply branch pipe 540, which has an interface that communicates with the first air inlet 313 on the air chamber 311 for inflating each air chamber 311. The second air supply pipe 530 is connected to the second air inlet 440 for inflating the airbag 410.

[0040] Furthermore, a first air valve 550 is provided between the gas supply branch pipe 540 and the first air inlet 313, and a second air valve 560 is provided between the second gas supply pipe 530 and the second air inlet 440. The air valves allow for convenient and flexible control of the gas supply pipe's opening and closing, as well as the gas supply volume.

[0041] To facilitate the movement of the support truss 200, this embodiment of an intelligent tunnel trolley support system adaptable to geological conditions also includes a support slide rail 100 on which the support truss 200 is slidably mounted. Additionally, the support truss 200 is provided with several support columns 340 for support from the bottom of the mounting frame 310.

[0042] Furthermore, the supporting truss 200 is a lifting support to facilitate height adjustment.

[0043] refer to Figure 8 As shown in this embodiment, as a further improvement to the rigid support mechanism 300, based on the above embodiment, the rigid support mechanism 300 also includes a locking component 330, which is used to buffer the descent of the adjusting component 320 to prevent sudden collapse of the tunnel surrounding rock from causing injury to personnel.

[0044] like Figure 9 , Figure 10As shown, the mounting bracket 310 has a mounting groove 312 for mounting the adjustment component 320. The mounting groove 312 has an opening on the side facing the air chamber 311, so that the mounting groove 312 and the air chamber 311 are in communication with each other.

[0045] Specifically, the locking assembly 330 includes a limiting slide plate 331, one end of which is located in the mounting groove 312 and connected to a second elastic member 332; the other end extends through an opening into the air chamber 311 and is connected to a friction plate 333.

[0046] Meanwhile, the piston rod 322 is provided with a friction band 3221 that is in contact with the friction plate 333, which is used to buffer the descent of the piston rod 322.

[0047] In some alternative embodiments, a limiting groove 334 is provided on the upper surface of the limiting slide plate 331 near the edge, and a limiting tooth 3222 is provided on the piston rod 322 to cooperate with the limiting groove 334.

[0048] During the descent of the piston rod 322, the friction band 3221 generates friction on the friction plate 333, which in turn causes the limiting slide plate 331 to shift and pulls the second elastic element 332 to generate a rebound force. When the friction force cannot overcome the rebound force of the second elastic element 332, the limiting tooth 3222 will not engage with the limiting groove 334. When the friction force overcomes the rebound force of the second elastic element 332, the limiting tooth 3222 engages with the limiting groove 334 and restricts the piston rod 322 from moving further downward.

[0049] This embodiment of a smart tunnel trolley support system that adapts to geological conditions has two collapse scenarios when the tunnel geological supported by the top of a certain set of support plates 323 collapses. The first type is a slow collapse, specifically... The soil at the top of the tunnel slowly moves downward, which in turn compresses the support block 420 to move downward, and further compresses the support plate 323 to move downward. At this time, the support plate 323 moves downward in sync, which drives the piston plate 321 to move downward inside the air chamber 311; thereby compressing the gas inside the air chamber 311, which increases the air pressure inside the air chamber 311.

[0050] At this time, the pressure sensor 325 monitors the internal air pressure of the air chamber 311 and feeds the signal back to the external central control unit. The central control unit then controls the air pump 510 to replenish the air chamber 311, further increasing the air pressure in the reverse direction, causing the piston plate 321 to be lifted. Simultaneously, the displacement sensor 326 analyzes the position and height of the piston plate 321 and feeds it back to the central control unit, thereby determining the geological collapse situation at the top of the support plate 323.

[0051] When the collapse is under control, monitoring and support continue; when the collapse worsens, an alarm is issued through the central control system to remind construction workers to evacuate, thus achieving automatic monitoring and alarm functions.

[0052] As the piston rod 322 slowly moves downward, the friction plate 333 generates friction on the friction band 3221, which in turn pulls the limiting slide plate 331 to move, causing the second elastic element 332 to stretch and generate a rebound force. At this time, since the friction between the two cannot overcome the rebound force of the second elastic element 332, the limiting slide plate 331 will retract into the mounting groove 312 under the action of the rebound force of the second elastic element 332, so that the limiting teeth 3222 and the limiting slide plate 331 maintain a certain distance, thus preventing them from engaging with the limiting slot 334. The friction can also provide a certain buffering effect on the descent of the piston rod 322.

[0053] The second type is the emergency collapse state, specifically, The soil at the top of the tunnel suddenly collapsed, and the support plate 323 was subjected to the instantaneous squeezing force of the collapsed soil and moved rapidly downward, which in turn drove the piston rod 322 to move downward rapidly, causing the air pressure inside the air chamber 311 to increase rapidly, and at the same time the position height of the piston plate 321 to decrease rapidly. At this time, the pressure sensor 325 monitors the air pressure inside the air chamber 311, and the displacement sensor 326 monitors the position and height of the piston plate 321. Both transmit the signals to the central control unit, which then issues an emergency alarm to remind people to evacuate immediately.

[0054] As the piston rod 322 rapidly descends, it causes the friction plate 333 to generate a rapid frictional force against the friction belt 3221. This frictional force creates an instantaneous impact force when the limiting slide plate 331 is displaced, which can displace the limiting slide plate 331 and pull the second elastic element 332 to generate a rebound force. However, because the action time of this process is extremely short, the rebound force of the second elastic element 332 has not yet fully "responded," and the limiting slide plate 331 has not yet had time to retract into the mounting groove 312; that is, the frictional force can overcome the rebound force of the second elastic element 332. At this time, the rapidly descending piston rod 322 will cause the limiting teeth 3222 on it to engage in the limiting slot 334 on the limiting slide plate 331, thereby preventing the piston rod 322 from moving further downward.

[0055] Because the limiting slide plate 331 is engaged by the limiting teeth 3222, it cannot be reset by the rebound force of the second elastic element 332. Therefore, through the limiting support function of the limiting slide plate 331, the continued downward movement of the support plate 323 can be restricted, thereby providing emergency support for the top of the tunnel, slowing down the collapse rate of the geological soil at the top of the tunnel, and providing time for the evacuation of construction personnel.

[0056] This embodiment also provides a tunnel foundation pit support method that adapts to geological conditions, including the following steps. S1. The support truss 200 moves along the support slide rail 100 to the location of the tunnel that needs support, and positions the support truss 200. S2. The air supply mechanism 500 inflates the airbag 410, causing the arc-shaped airbag 410 to expand and provide initial support to the surrounding rock of the tunnel. S3. The lower cavity of the air chamber 311 is filled with air through the air supply mechanism 500, which increases the air pressure in the lower cavity. This pushes the piston plate 321 to move the support plate 323 at the top of the piston rod 322 upward to the top position inside the airbag 410, thereby achieving secondary support for the surrounding rock of the tunnel. S4. During the support process, the deformation state of different areas on the top of the airbag 410 is monitored by the fiber optic strain sensor 327 to determine the geological conditions of the corresponding area of ​​the tunnel surrounding rock. For different geological areas, the support pressure of the support plate 323 on the corresponding area of ​​the airbag 410 can be adjusted by controlling the amount of air injected into the air chamber 311, thereby realizing the adaptive support adjustment function. S5. By monitoring the changes in air pressure inside the air chamber 311 through the pressure sensor 325 and by monitoring the changes in the position of the piston plate 321 in height through the displacement sensor 326, real-time monitoring of the geological collapse of the surrounding rock of the tunnel can be achieved.

[0057] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above illustratively. This description is not restrictive, and the figures shown are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart tunnel trolley support system adaptable to geological conditions, comprising a support truss (200), characterized in that: The supporting truss (200) is equipped with a flexible support mechanism (400), a rigid support mechanism (300), and a gas transmission mechanism (500), wherein, The flexible support mechanism (400) includes an airbag (410) that is arc-shaped in shape. The airbag (410) is inflated and used to provide initial support for the surrounding rock of the tunnel. The rigid support mechanism (300) includes a mounting frame (310) for supporting the airbag (410), the mounting frame (310) having a plurality of air chambers (311), and the air chambers (311) having an adjustment component (320). The adjustment assembly (320) includes a piston plate (321) and a piston rod (322) located on the piston plate (321). The piston plate (321) divides the air chamber (311) into upper and lower cavities; the free end of the piston rod (322) extends through the mounting bracket (310) into the airbag (410) and is connected to a support plate (323). The support plate (323) is used to provide secondary support to the surrounding rock of the tunnel from inside the airbag (410), and the support pressure of each support plate (323) can be adjusted by the inflation pressure in the corresponding air chamber (311); The gas supply mechanism (500) is used to supply gas to the lower cavity of the air bag (410) and the air chamber (311).

2. The intelligent tunnel trolley support system adaptable to geological conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the airbag (410) is provided with a number of support blocks (420) along its circumference. The mounting bracket (310) has at least one fiber optic strain sensor (327) in the area corresponding to each support block (420) to monitor the deformation state in different areas of the airbag (410).

3. The intelligent tunnel trolley support system adaptable to geological conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The air chamber (311) is equipped with a pressure sensor (325) and / or a displacement sensor (326); wherein the pressure sensor (325) is used to monitor the pressure change inside the air chamber (311); and the displacement sensor (326) is used to monitor the position change of the piston plate (321).

4. The intelligent tunnel trolley support system adaptable to geological conditions according to claim 3, characterized in that: The piston plate (321) is provided with a first elastic element (324), which is confined between the piston plate (321) and the top wall of the air chamber (311) to buffer and reset the piston plate (321) during descent.

5. The intelligent tunnel trolley support system adaptable to geological conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The airbag (410) has connecting plates (430) at both ends for connecting with the mounting bracket (310). The airbag (410) is completely sealed on the mounting bracket (310) to form a complete sealed cavity. The top wall of the sealed cavity is provided with anti-slip grooves (411). The connecting plate (430) is provided with a second air inlet (440) for communicating with the air supply mechanism (500).

6. The intelligent tunnel trolley support system adaptable to geological conditions according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gas delivery mechanism (500) includes a gas pump (510) and a first gas delivery pipe (520) and a second gas delivery pipe (530) connected to the gas pump (510); wherein, The second air supply pipe (530) is connected to the second air inlet (440) via the second air valve (560); The first gas supply pipe (520) is connected to a gas supply branch pipe (540), and the gas supply branch pipe (540) is connected to the first air inlet (313) on the air chamber (311) through the first air valve (550).

7. A tunnel trolley support system for intelligent adaptation to geological conditions according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: The mounting bracket (310) is also provided with a mounting groove (312), and the mounting groove (312) has an opening on the side facing the air chamber (311); The mounting groove (312) is provided with a locking assembly (330), which includes a limiting slide plate (331). One end of the limiting slide plate (331) is located in the mounting groove (312) and connected to a second elastic element (332); the other end extends through the opening into the air chamber (311) and is connected to a friction plate (333). The piston rod (322) is provided with a friction strip (3221) that is in contact with the friction plate (333) to buffer the descent of the piston rod (322).

8. The intelligent tunnel trolley support system adaptable to geological conditions according to claim 7, characterized in that: The upper surface of the limiting slide plate (331) near the edge is provided with a limiting groove (334), and the piston rod (322) is provided with limiting teeth (3222) that cooperate with the limiting groove (334). During the descent of the piston rod (322), the friction band (3221) will generate friction on the friction plate (333), thereby driving the limit slide (331) to move and simultaneously pulling the second elastic element (332) to generate a rebound force; When the frictional force cannot overcome the rebound force of the second elastic element (332), the limiting tooth (3222) will not be engaged in the limiting groove (334); when the frictional force overcomes the rebound force of the second elastic element (332), the limiting tooth (3222) will be engaged in the limiting groove (334) and restrict the piston rod (322) from moving further down.

9. The intelligent tunnel trolley support system adaptable to geological conditions according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a support slide rail (100), on which the support truss (200) is slidably disposed; The support truss (200) is a lifting support, and a number of support columns (340) are provided between the mounting frame (310) and the support truss (200).

10. The support method of the intelligent tunnel trolley support system adapting to geological conditions as described in claim 3, characterized in that: Includes the following steps, S1. The entire device is moved to the location of the tunnel that needs to be supported by the supporting truss (200); S2. Inflate the airbag (410) through the air supply mechanism (500) so that the arc-shaped airbag (410) expands and provides initial support to the surrounding rock of the tunnel. S3. The lower cavity of the air chamber (311) is filled with air through the air supply mechanism (500), which increases the air pressure in the lower cavity and pushes the piston plate (321) to move the support plate (323) at the top of the piston rod (322) upward to the top position inside the air bag (410), thereby achieving secondary support for the surrounding rock of the tunnel. S4. During the support process, the deformation state of different areas at the top of the airbag (410) is monitored by fiber optic strain sensor (327) to determine the geological conditions of the corresponding area of ​​the tunnel surrounding rock. For different geological areas, the support pressure of the support plate (323) on the corresponding area of ​​the airbag (410) can be adjusted by controlling the amount of air in the air chamber (311), thereby realizing the adaptive support adjustment function. S5. By monitoring the changes in air pressure inside the air chamber (311) through the pressure sensor (325) and by monitoring the changes in the position of the piston plate (321) in height through the displacement sensor (326), real-time monitoring of the geological collapse of the surrounding rock of the tunnel can be achieved.

Images