A centrally integrated communication method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a central integrated communication method and system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a central integrated system receives and processes wind condition data collected by a plurality of wind sensing devices arranged in a photovoltaic power station in real time, dynamically evaluates the wind field change trend by analyzing the wind condition parameters, and sends a first control instruction to a first signal tower if a preset threshold condition is reached; after receiving the first control instruction issued by the central integrated system, the signal tower transmits the first control instruction to photovoltaic trackers in the signal coverage range of the signal tower in real time through a wireless communication network, and synchronously transmits the first control instruction to other signal towers in the signal coverage range, so that the fast response and global collaborative execution of the instruction are ensured. The application adopts a low-cost signal tower to replace a traditional communication box, all data processing and instructions are performed by the central integrated system, the response speed and communication stability of the system are improved, the loss caused by strong wind is effectively avoided, and the service life of the photovoltaic power station is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and more specifically, to a centrally integrated communication method and system. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, photovoltaic tracking systems commonly use communication boxes for interconnection. When the communication system of a subarray senses strong winds, the wind sensor transmits data to the communication box of that subarray. The communication box then sends a signal to each control box of that subarray to activate a strong wind protection mode. These systems typically aggregate data from sensor devices through the communication box, and then upload it to a cloud or local monitoring platform via the control box. However, this method has several drawbacks: communication between each subarray is independent, and there is a risk if sensors in other subarrays fail to detect strong winds; when the project is large-scale and has many subarrays, a large number of communication boxes are required, leading to high costs and long construction times.

[0003] Furthermore, the existing communication structure between the communication box and the controller is simplistic and easily affected by external factors such as high-voltage lines in the power plant, undulating terrain, and severe weather, leading to unstable communication. Environmental constraints on communication stability can also cause data delays. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address at least one of the aforementioned technical problems, this application discloses a centrally integrated communication method and system. This application uses a low-cost signal tower to replace the traditional communication box, and all data processing and instructions are handled by the centrally integrated system, which improves the system's response speed and communication stability, effectively avoids losses caused by strong winds, and extends the service life of the photovoltaic power station.

[0005] Specifically, the technical solution of this application is as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, this application discloses a centrally integrated communication method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Collect wind condition data from photovoltaic power plants and transmit it to the central integrated system in real time;

[0008] The central integrated system receives the wind data in real time and analyzes the wind data. If the wind data reaches a preset threshold condition, it sends a first control command to the first signal tower.

[0009] The first signal tower receives the first control command, forwards the first control command in real time to the photovoltaic trackers within its signal coverage area, and synchronously transmits it to the second signal tower within its signal coverage area.

[0010] In some implementations, the first signal tower is wirelessly connected to the photovoltaic tracker within its signal coverage area, the photovoltaic tracker including a target photovoltaic tracker;

[0011] After receiving the first control command forwarded by the first signal tower, the photovoltaic tracker executes a command verification process, which includes: the photovoltaic tracker comparing the device number of the photovoltaic tracker contained in the first control command; if the device number contained in the first control command is the same as the device number of the photovoltaic tracker itself, then the command verification is passed.

[0012] After the instruction is verified, the target photovoltaic tracker starts the instruction execution program and adjusts the photovoltaic support to the specified safe angle.

[0013] In some implementations, the step of starting the instruction execution program is further included:

[0014] The target photovoltaic tracker records the signal tower ID of the first signal tower and enters the instruction buffer state, starts a preset delay timer, and executes the first control instruction if no other instruction is received within the delay period.

[0015] If the second control command forwarded by the second signal tower is received within the delay period, the target photovoltaic tracker performs a consistency check on the multi-source commands: when multiple commands are found to be identical, the single command with the highest preset priority is executed; if there is a command conflict, the last received command is executed.

[0016] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic tracker includes a target photovoltaic tracker; the centrally integrated communication method further includes the step of: after executing the first control command, the target photovoltaic tracker generates an instruction response signal containing the device number of the target photovoltaic tracker, and feeds it back to the central integrated system through the corresponding first signal tower;

[0017] The central integrated system receives the instruction response signal, records the device number corresponding to the target photovoltaic tracker, and determines whether all the target photovoltaic trackers have received the instruction based on the recorded device number.

[0018] In some embodiments, the centrally integrated communication method further includes the step of:

[0019] When the central integrated system detects that the target photovoltaic tracker does not respond to the command, it executes the nearest neighbor search algorithm based on the device number and spatial distribution data of the target photovoltaic tracker.

[0020] Select the photovoltaic tracker that is closest to the target photovoltaic tracker and belongs to the signal coverage area of ​​a different signal tower as a relay tracker; forward the first control command to the target photovoltaic tracker through the relay tracker.

[0021] Secondly, this application discloses a centrally integrated communication system for implementing a centrally integrated communication method as described in any of the above embodiments; including:

[0022] A wind sensor, which is installed in a photovoltaic power station, is used to collect wind condition data of the photovoltaic power station;

[0023] Central integration system, the central integration system comprising:

[0024] A data receiving module is used to receive and process the wind condition data collected by the wind sensing devices in real time.

[0025] The instruction issuing module is used to analyze the wind condition data. If the wind condition data reaches a preset threshold condition, a first control instruction is sent to the first signal tower.

[0026] The signal tower includes a first signal tower and a second signal tower. The first signal tower is used to receive the first control command, forward the first control command to the photovoltaic tracker within its signal coverage area in real time, and synchronously transmit it to the second signal tower within its signal coverage area.

[0027] In some implementations, the wind sensor is wired to the central integrated system for transmitting the acquired wind condition data to the central integrated system.

[0028] In some implementations, the first signal tower is wired to the central integrated system; the first signal tower receives a first control command issued by the central integrated system.

[0029] The first signal tower is wirelessly connected to the second signal tower; the first signal tower also receives a second control command forwarded by the second signal tower within its signal coverage area.

[0030] In some embodiments, several of the signal towers are distributed within the photovoltaic power station, such that each photovoltaic tracker is within the signal coverage of at least one of the signal towers.

[0031] In some implementations, the central integration system further includes:

[0032] The instruction monitoring module is used to receive instruction response signals from the target photovoltaic trackers, record the device number corresponding to the target photovoltaic trackers, and determine whether all the target photovoltaic trackers have received the instruction based on the recorded device number.

[0033] The relay selection module is used to, when the target photovoltaic tracker does not respond to the command, perform a nearest neighbor search algorithm based on the device number and spatial distribution data of the target photovoltaic tracker; select the photovoltaic tracker that is closest to the target photovoltaic tracker and belongs to a different signal tower coverage area as a relay tracker; and forward the first control command to the target photovoltaic tracker through the relay tracker.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, this application has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. This application eliminates the need for a communication box and replaces the high-cost communication box with a low-cost signal tower, greatly saving the cost of the photovoltaic power station. All data processing and instructions are handled by a central integrated system, which communicates with the signal tower via wired connection. The signal tower only serves to receive and send instructions and does not have control functions, greatly reducing the risk of failure of electrical control equipment, improving the system's response speed and communication stability, effectively avoiding losses caused by strong winds, and extending the service life of the photovoltaic power station.

[0036] 2. The sensors required in this application achieve a significant advantage of "fewer sensors, better performance" through optimized layout. Compared to the traditional approach of densely deploying sensors, the precise placement method in this application not only greatly reduces equipment procurement costs but also reduces subsequent maintenance workload. Through a unified communication protocol and standardized interfaces, the previously isolated monitoring equipment, protection devices, and control system are integrated into a cohesive whole. This allows for proactive protection during windy weather.

[0037] 3. In photovoltaic power plants, signal towers not only provide basic communication coverage but also serve as relay communication devices, effectively solving the problems of signal attenuation and loss during information transmission. Compared to the point-to-point transmission mode of traditional communication boxes, signal towers, through multi-hop relay technology, can achieve relay transmission of information, ensuring that data can be delivered completely across long distances or complex terrains. Attached Figure Description

[0038] The preferred embodiments will now be described in a clear and easy-to-understand manner, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, to further explain the above-mentioned characteristics, technical features, advantages, and implementation methods of this application.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of one embodiment of a centrally integrated communication method according to this application;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the wind sensor and signal tower in the photovoltaic field in the embodiments of this application;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of another embodiment of a centrally integrated communication method according to this application;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of another embodiment of a centrally integrated communication method according to this application. Detailed Implementation

[0043] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of this application. However, those skilled in the art will understand that this application can also be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, apparatuses, circuits, and methods have been omitted so as not to obscure the description of this application with unnecessary detail.

[0044] It should be understood that, when used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or sets.

[0045] To keep the drawings concise, each figure only schematically shows the parts relevant to the invention, and these do not represent the actual structure of the product. Furthermore, to facilitate understanding, in some figures, only one of components with the same structure or function is schematically depicted, or only one is labeled. In this document, "one" not only means "only one," but can also mean "more than one."

[0046] It should also be further understood that the term “and / or” as used in this application specification and the appended claims means any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0047] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the specific implementation methods of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings and other implementation methods can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0048] Currently, the technology of using communication boxes / control boxes as signal transmission tools in photovoltaic (PV) power plants is relatively mature. These boxes are primarily used for centralized management of PV module operating data and remote control command transmission. These systems typically use industrial communication protocols to aggregate data from inverters, sensors, and other devices via the control box, and then upload it to a cloud or local monitoring platform via the communication box. Their advantages include flexible deployment, strong compatibility, and adaptability to the wide distribution and dispersed nature of PV power plants.

[0049] One of the major challenges faced by target photovoltaic trackers during actual operation is the structural safety issue caused by high wind loads. According to the existing high wind protection strategy for tracking brackets, when the protected wind speed is reached on site, the controller controls the motor to rotate the tracker to the high wind protection angle to avoid flutter and wind load effects.

[0050] In existing technologies, photovoltaic tracking brackets use communication boxes for interconnection. Each photovoltaic subarray is equipped with a wind sensor. When the wind sensor of one subarray detects wind speed, it transmits the data to the communication box of that subarray. The communication box then sends a high wind protection signal to each control box of that subarray, which controls the tracker to rotate to the high wind protection angle. Communication between each subarray is independent; if the wind sensors of other subarrays fail to detect a strong wind in time, there will be corresponding risks. When the project is very large with many subarrays, a large number of communication boxes are required, leading to high project costs and long construction time.

[0051] However, due to the hierarchical data transmission architecture of the communication box (wind sensor → communication box → controller → tracker), each link introduces a certain communication delay. From the moment the wind sensor triggers the signal to the photovoltaic tracker completing its protection action, it typically takes 6-10 minutes. This multi-stage, serial communication link leads to time lags in the transmission of critical protection commands. When encountering sudden gusts of wind, the photovoltaic tracker's wind protection response speed is very likely to be slower than the gust's speed. The structure may not even be positioned at the protection angle before the gust has passed and caused damage. While the wind protection strategy exists, it may not be effective.

[0052] In summary, the existing technology has the following drawbacks:

[0053] 1. Existing technology uses communication boxes for interconnection, where communication between each subarray is independent, resulting in communication lag. When the wind sensors in other subarrays fail to detect strong winds in time, there is a risk of not being detected in time, making it impossible to respond quickly to strong winds. This leads to a reduction in the lifespan of the photovoltaic power station and a decrease in power generation efficiency during windy weather.

[0054] 2. In the existing technology, the communication structure between the communication box and the controller is simple. If the communication interconnection method of the communication box fails, it may lead to a complete data interruption, resulting in data loss or the inability to execute commands.

[0055] 3. When a photovoltaic power station project is large in scale and has a large number of sub-arrays, a large number of communication boxes are required, resulting in a long construction time. In addition, the procurement cost of communication boxes is also high, leading to a high project cost.

[0056] 4. Existing communication technologies are constrained by the environment: they are easily interfered with by external factors such as high-voltage lines in power plants, undulating terrain, and severe weather, leading to unstable communication. Photovoltaic power plants are mostly located in remote areas, and the wireless signals relied upon by communication boxes are easily affected by terrain and weather. Wired solutions, on the other hand, involve complex wiring and are costly.

[0057] 5. To monitor various environmental factors, the photovoltaic communication box requires multiple corresponding sensors, resulting in high monitoring costs. The communication box needs regular maintenance, and fault location is difficult, with low efficiency due to manual inspections. Some boxes lack sufficient waterproof and dustproof ratings, making them susceptible to circuit corrosion from prolonged outdoor exposure.

[0058] Therefore, a new protection system and method for photovoltaic power plants is needed to reduce misoperation and failure to detect risks in a timely manner due to unstable communication, thereby reducing project costs and construction time, improving communication stability, and lowering monitoring costs. This system aims to prevent photovoltaic trackers in the power plant from being unable to respond quickly to strong winds due to selection limitations, which could lead to damage to the trackers or a significant reduction in power generation efficiency, thus extending the lifespan of the photovoltaic power plant and improving power generation efficiency during windy weather.

[0059] Reference manual attached Figure 1 As shown, one embodiment of a centrally integrated communication method of this application specifically includes the following steps:

[0060] The S100 collects wind condition data from photovoltaic power plants and transmits it to the central integrated system in real time.

[0061] Specifically, wind condition data of the photovoltaic power station is collected based on at least one wind sensing device, including wind speed, wind direction and duration.

[0062] S200: The central integrated system receives and analyzes wind data in real time. If the wind data reaches a preset threshold, it sends a first control command to the first signal tower.

[0063] S300, the first signal tower receives the first control command, forwards the first control command in real time to the photovoltaic tracker within its signal coverage area, and synchronously transmits it to the second signal tower within its signal coverage area.

[0064] Specifically, when the central integrated system analyzes the real-time wind data transmitted by one or more wind sensors and it exceeds a preset threshold, for example, when the wind sensor detects that the current wind speed exceeds the set wind speed and the duration exceeds the preset time, it generates the first control command, which is the strong wind protection control command.

[0065] After the central integrated system generates the first control command, it sends the first control command to the first signal tower. The first signal tower forwards the first control command in a ripple pattern to the photovoltaic trackers within its signal coverage area, causing the target photovoltaic trackers to adjust to the wind protection angle.

[0066] Specifically, photovoltaic (PV) trackers include target PV trackers and other PV trackers besides the target PV trackers. Target PV trackers refer to PV trackers in a PV power plant project that need to be adjusted to a wind protection angle. In this embodiment, target PV trackers can be all PV trackers in the PV power plant, or only some PV trackers. For example, in some cases, only some PV supports around the PV power plant need to be adjusted to a wind protection angle, while the remaining PV supports remain in tracking mode. In this case, the first control command sent by the central integrated system only needs to include the target PV trackers whose angles need to be adjusted, without including all PV trackers, thereby saving command transmission time and reducing power generation loss.

[0067] Preferably, before the central integrated system sends the first control command to the first signal tower, it further includes:

[0068] S210, the central integrated system determines the target photovoltaic tracker that needs to be adjusted to the high wind protection angle based on the received wind condition data, and determines the first signal tower corresponding to the target photovoltaic tracker.

[0069] In practical applications, due to the large area of ​​photovoltaic power stations, different locations of photovoltaic supports may face different wind conditions. If all photovoltaic supports in a photovoltaic power station are adjusted to the high wind protection angle based on the wind condition data collected by one wind sensor, it may cause unnecessary power generation loss. Therefore, the central integrated system first determines the target photovoltaic tracker that needs to be adjusted to the high wind protection angle based on the location of the wind sensor and the received wind condition data, and then determines the first signal tower corresponding to the target photovoltaic tracker. At the same time as determining the corresponding first signal tower, the central integrated system generates the first control command.

[0070] This application shares wind condition data from photovoltaic power plants to a central integrated system, which then handles the data uniformly, reducing the likelihood of risks not being detected in a timely manner. Based on the above embodiments, this application discloses another embodiment of a centrally integrated communication method, in which a first signal tower is wirelessly connected to a target photovoltaic tracker within its signal coverage area. The photovoltaic tracker includes the target photovoltaic tracker and other photovoltaic trackers besides the target photovoltaic tracker. The method also includes the following steps:

[0071] S400: After receiving the first control command forwarded by the first signal tower, the photovoltaic tracker executes the command verification process. The command verification process includes: the photovoltaic tracker compares the device number of the photovoltaic tracker contained in the first control command. If the device number of the photovoltaic tracker contained in the first control command is the same as the device number of the photovoltaic tracker itself, the command verification is passed.

[0072] S410 After the command verification is successful, the target photovoltaic tracker starts the command execution program and adjusts the photovoltaic bracket to the specified safe angle.

[0073] S420: If instruction verification fails, the instruction execution program will not be started.

[0074] Specifically, the arrangement principle of the signal towers is to use the location of the signal tower as the center and its signal coverage area as the radius, ensuring that the wireless signal transmission range of the signal tower can cover the entire photovoltaic power station. Under the above arrangement principle, there may be situations where multiple signal towers cover the same photovoltaic tracker, or multiple photovoltaic trackers correspond to one signal tower. That is, a photovoltaic tracker may receive instruction information transmitted from two or more signal towers; or, a photovoltaic tracker that does not need to execute a high wind protection instruction may also receive instruction information transmitted from a signal tower. To avoid duplicate operation or erroneous operation of photovoltaic trackers, the signal towers and photovoltaic trackers are numbered, and each signal tower is associated with a photovoltaic tracker within its signal coverage area. When the central integrated system needs to send a high wind protection control instruction to some photovoltaic trackers in the photovoltaic power station, it can communicate only with the signal tower corresponding to those photovoltaic trackers and send the high wind protection instruction through the signal tower. The sent high wind protection instruction includes the device number of the photovoltaic tracker that needs to be adjusted to high wind protection mode. For example, based on the currently received wind condition information, only a few rows of photovoltaic tracking brackets on the windward side need to be adjusted to high wind protection mode, while the remaining photovoltaic tracking brackets remain in normal operating mode. The device number of the photovoltaic tracker can be a device ID or its own device identification code, etc. When the photovoltaic tracker receives a high wind protection command from a signal tower, it executes the command verification process, comparing the photovoltaic tracker's device number in the high wind protection command with its own device number. If the numbers do not match, there is no need to execute the high wind protection command; if the number in the high wind protection command matches its own number, the command verification is successful.

[0075] Specifically, upon receiving the first control command, the photovoltaic tracker immediately initiates a multi-level command verification process to ensure operational security and command legitimacy. First, the device parses the encrypted protocol header in the command, verifying the integrity and timeliness of the data packet to eliminate the risk of expired commands or data tampering due to network latency. Then, it enters the core identity authentication stage: the tracker's security module compares the 32-bit target device ID embedded in the command byte-by-byte with the unique identifier stored in the device itself. If any bit difference is found in the comparison result, the system immediately terminates the subsequent process. Optionally, if a comparison error occurs, a warning will be issued, or an error log will be generated and uploaded to the central integration system. Only when identity authentication is fully successful will the photovoltaic tracker activate the command execution thread. It then parses the coordinates, safety angle values, and turning speed coefficients in the command parameters and adjusts the corresponding photovoltaic support to gradually approach the target angle. It can be understood that the photovoltaic tracker that passes command verification is the target photovoltaic tracker, while the photovoltaic tracker that fails command verification is any other photovoltaic tracker besides the target photovoltaic tracker.

[0076] By setting up an instruction verification process, power generation losses caused by malfunctions of other photovoltaic trackers besides the target photovoltaic tracker that does not need to execute the high wind protection instruction can be avoided.

[0077] Based on the above embodiments, please refer to the appendix to the specification. Figure 3 As shown, this application discloses another embodiment of a centrally integrated communication method, which includes the following steps before starting the instruction execution program:

[0078] S401, the target photovoltaic tracker records the signal tower ID of the first signal tower and enters the instruction buffer state.

[0079] S402, start the preset delay timer and determine whether other instructions are received within the delay period.

[0080] S403: If no other instructions are received within the delay period, the first control instruction is executed.

[0081] S404 If the second control command forwarded by the second signal tower is received within the delay period, the target photovoltaic tracker performs a consistency check on the multi-source command.

[0082] S405: When multiple instructions are found to be identical, the single instruction with the highest preset priority is executed.

[0083] S406: If there is an instruction conflict, the last received instruction will be executed.

[0084] Specifically, when the photovoltaic tracker receives a strong wind protection command forwarded by a signal tower, it will simultaneously record the ID of the signal tower that sent the strong wind protection command. Different signal towers have different signal tower IDs. Then, the photovoltaic tracker enters the command buffer state. For ease of description and differentiation, the signal tower that first sends the strong wind protection command to the photovoltaic tracker is designated as the first signal tower, and the strong wind protection control command sent by the first signal tower is designated as the first control command. The signal tower that subsequently sends the strong wind protection command to the photovoltaic tracker is designated as the second signal tower, and the strong wind protection control command transmitted by the second signal tower is designated as the second control command.

[0085] In some implementations, the preset priority of instructions is set based on the source of the instruction. For example, in a target photovoltaic tracker, the preset priority of instructions from the first signal tower is higher than that from the second signal tower. When the target photovoltaic tracker detects that the content of a first control instruction issued by the first signal tower and a second control instruction issued by the second signal tower are the same, the first control instruction with the higher preset priority is executed first.

[0086] In other implementations, the preset priority of the instructions is set based on the time when the instructions are issued. For example, when the content of the instructions is the same, the control instruction that is received earliest is preset to have the highest priority. So when the photovoltaic tracker detects that the content of the first control instruction and the second control instruction issued successively are the same, the first control instruction with the higher preset priority is executed first. Or, when the content of the instructions is the same, the control instruction that is received latest is preset to have the highest priority. The specific choice can be made according to the actual application environment.

[0087] In other implementations, the preset priority of the instruction can also be set based on the instruction parameter weight, such as the security level. This application is only an example and does not impose any specific limitations.

[0088] Similarly, under the principle of signal tower layout, there may be a situation where one photovoltaic tracker corresponds to only one signal tower. If the corresponding signal tower fails, the photovoltaic tracker will be unable to receive commands normally.

[0089] Based on the above embodiments, this application discloses another embodiment of a centrally integrated communication method, employing the following scheme to avoid situations where the corresponding signal tower malfunctions, causing the photovoltaic tracker to be unable to receive instructions normally: For details, please refer to the appendix to the specification. Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0090] S500: After executing the first control command, the target photovoltaic tracker generates an instruction response signal containing the device number of the target photovoltaic tracker, and feeds it back to the central integration system through the corresponding signal tower.

[0091] S600: The central integrated system receives the instruction response signal, records the device number corresponding to the target photovoltaic tracker, and determines whether all target photovoltaic trackers have received the instruction based on the recorded device number.

[0092] Specifically, in this embodiment, the first control command is the high wind protection control command. Before method S500 is executed, the central integration system also needs to pre-record the photovoltaic tracker numbers within the signal coverage area of ​​each signal tower. In this way, the central integration system can quickly filter out the list of target photovoltaic trackers that should respond based on the signal tower coverage area, and compare the actual feedback to confirm which devices have successfully executed and which have timed out or failed. If multiple target photovoltaic trackers under a certain signal tower do not respond, fault diagnosis can be quickly performed. In this embodiment, after the control command is issued, the target photovoltaic tracker receives the control command and outputs a command response signal, which is transmitted to the central integration system through the corresponding first signal tower. The command response signal includes the number of the target photovoltaic tracker. The signal tower is also used to receive the command response signals of the target photovoltaic trackers and feed them back to the central integration system. Upon receiving the returned command response signal, the central integration system records the corresponding target photovoltaic tracker number and determines whether all target photovoltaic trackers have received the command based on the recorded target photovoltaic tracker number.

[0093] Optionally, the central integration system collects command response signals in real time, establishes a device response status mapping table, and performs device authentication and command execution confirmation for each received command response signal. It updates the corresponding device response status in the global device status database and calculates command coverage by comparing the target device list with the set of responded devices. When an unresponsive device is detected, a command retransmission mechanism or an exception handling process is initiated. The central integration system ensures real-time monitoring and closed-loop verification of command execution status, maintaining the reliability of command transmission.

[0094] Based on the above embodiments, this application discloses another embodiment of a centrally integrated communication method, which further includes the following steps:

[0095] S700, when the central integrated system detects that the target photovoltaic tracker does not respond to the command, it executes a nearest neighbor search algorithm based on the device number and spatial distribution data of the target photovoltaic tracker; it selects the photovoltaic tracker that is closest to the target photovoltaic tracker and belongs to a different signal tower coverage area as a relay tracker. The first control command is forwarded to the target photovoltaic tracker through the relay tracker.

[0096] Specifically, if a target photovoltaic (PV) tracker fails to receive a command, the central integrated system determines that the signal tower corresponding to the target PV tracker that failed to receive the command is malfunctioning. Simultaneously, based on the PV tracker's number and arrangement information, the central integrated system first identifies PV trackers that are adjacent to the target PV tracker that failed to receive the command but belong to different signal tower coverage areas as relay trackers. Then, it locates the signal tower corresponding to the relay tracker. If the relay tracker corresponds to multiple signal towers, the central integrated system randomly selects one of the signal towers as a relay signal tower and sends the high wind protection command to the selected relay signal tower via wired transmission. The selected relay signal tower then transmits the command wirelessly to the relay tracker. Finally, the relay tracker transmits the high wind protection command to the corresponding target PV tracker that failed to receive the command.

[0097] By using adjacent signal towers and trackers within their range for secondary relay, the situation where trackers within the coverage area cannot receive commands normally when one of the signal towers fails is avoided, effectively preventing losses caused by strong winds and protecting the safety of photovoltaic power stations.

[0098] This system can quickly and efficiently transmit wind protection control commands to all photovoltaic tracking brackets in the entire photovoltaic power station, improving the system's response speed and communication stability, effectively avoiding losses caused by strong winds, and extending the service life of the photovoltaic power station.

[0099] Based on the same concept, this application also discloses a centrally integrated communication system. This centrally integrated communication system is used to implement the steps in any of the above method embodiments. Specifically, one embodiment of the centrally integrated communication system of this application includes: a wind sensor, a central integrated system, and a signal tower.

[0100] The wind sensor is installed at the photovoltaic power station to collect wind condition data.

[0101] The central integrated system includes:

[0102] The data receiving module is used to receive and process wind condition data collected by the wind sensor in real time.

[0103] The instruction issuing module is used to analyze wind condition data. If the wind condition data reaches a preset threshold condition, it sends a first control instruction to the first signal tower.

[0104] The signal tower includes a first signal tower and a second signal tower; the first signal tower is used to receive a first control command, forward the first control command to the photovoltaic tracker within its signal coverage area in real time, and synchronously transmit it to the second signal tower within its signal coverage area.

[0105] For details, please refer to the attached instruction manual. Figure 2 , Figure 2This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of wind sensors and signal towers in the photovoltaic field according to an embodiment of this application. The central integrated system sends a first control command to each signal tower via a wired connection based on the wind speed and direction information fed back by the wind sensors. The signal towers then transmit the command wirelessly to the photovoltaic trackers within their range. The process of issuing the control command is the same as in the method embodiments described above. This embodiment will not repeat the description.

[0106] Based on the above embodiments, this application discloses another embodiment of a centrally integrated communication system.

[0107] The wind sensor is wired to the central integrated system to send the acquired wind data to the central integrated system.

[0108] The installation location of the wind sensor is based on the geographical characteristics of the project site and the annual wind speed and direction distribution. Preferably, the wind sensor is installed on the periphery of the photovoltaic power station. When installing the wind sensor on the periphery of the photovoltaic power station, geographical environment and wind direction factors must be comprehensively considered to ensure the accuracy and representativeness of the data. First, the terrain features of the area where the power station is located should be analyzed, such as whether there are obstacles such as mountains, buildings, or vegetation nearby, to avoid these obstacles interfering with wind speed measurements. The wind sensor should be installed in an open and elevated location to reduce the impact of ground friction and turbulence. Second, the prevailing wind direction should be considered, and the wind sensor should be placed upwind of the photovoltaic power station, usually on the windward side of the prevailing wind direction, to ensure the capture of natural wind speeds unaffected by the photovoltaic array. The installation height is recommended to be around 10 meters above the ground, meeting meteorological observation standards, and maintaining a certain proportion with the height of the photovoltaic panels to reflect the actual wind conditions affecting the photovoltaic power station. At the same time, the wind sensor should be at least 10 meters away from the edge of the photovoltaic panels to avoid the photovoltaic array obstructing or accelerating the airflow. In other embodiments, such as in windy areas or complex terrain, in addition to deploying wind sensors around the perimeter of the photovoltaic power station, multiple wind sensors can be added inside the power station to cover different wind directions and speed changes, improving the comprehensiveness of the data. Through reasonable site selection and scientific layout, wind sensors can provide a reliable basis for wind speed monitoring and risk assessment of photovoltaic power stations.

[0109] In some embodiments, the wind sensing device of this application can be installed at a location determined based on factors such as the geographical environment and prevailing wind direction of the project site, as detailed in the appendix to the specification. Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the distribution of wind sensors and signal towers within the photovoltaic power station in this embodiment. Only the four corners of the project need to be equipped with wind sensors, as the edge areas are the first to detect strong winds, allowing for the collection of the earliest wind data. Compared to existing methods that divide the photovoltaic power station into sub-arrays and install a wind sensor in each sub-array, this reduces the number of wind sensors required, significantly lowering project costs and saving construction time.

[0110] Based on the above embodiments, this application discloses another embodiment of a centrally integrated communication system, wherein a first signal tower is wiredly connected to the central integrated system; the first signal tower receives a first control command issued by the central integrated system. The first signal tower is wirelessly connected to a second signal tower; the first signal tower also receives a second control command forwarded from the second signal tower within its signal coverage area.

[0111] The first control instruction is a command issued by the central integrated system to the first signal tower, requiring the first signal tower to forward it to the target photovoltaic trackers within its coverage area. The second control instruction is a command from the central integrated system forwarded by other signal towers to the first signal tower. Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only for distinguishing descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0112] Specifically, in this application, both the wind sensor and the signal tower communicate with the central integrated system via wired transmission. Wired communication is used to avoid the inability to transmit over long distances, a problem common with wireless communication. Wired communication methods can include RS485, Ethernet, fiber optics, and coaxial cable. Wired transmission is stable, reliable, and fast, effectively preventing information loss during transmission. Wired networks do not require encryption and decryption operations, and their high hardware transmission speed results in lower latency. Furthermore, wired networks have strong anti-interference capabilities and high connection stability, further reducing latency. Wireless networks, on the other hand, experience interference and attenuation during transmission, and their signal weakens with distance, especially after passing through obstacles. In addition, wireless networks may be affected by other wireless signals, resulting in a latency of approximately 1-3 milliseconds, typically 10-100 times that of wired networks. This is because wireless networks require encryption and decryption operations, a process that takes considerable time.

[0113] The signal tower operates in both wired and wireless communication modes. It communicates with the central integrated system via wired connection and with the photovoltaic trackers on the photovoltaic bracket and other signal towers via wireless connection. Wind sensors installed at the photovoltaic power station collect real-time wind data, including wind speed, direction, and duration, and transmit this data to the central integrated system via wired connection. The central integrated system receives the collected wind data and compares it to a preset high-wind protection threshold. When the received wind data exceeds the high-wind protection threshold, the central integrated system sends a first control command. The first signal tower receives this first control command and forwards it to the target photovoltaic tracker and other surrounding signal towers.

[0114] Optionally, when the central integrated system analyzes and detects that the wind data exceeds a set threshold, it sends a first control command to its nearest first signal tower. This first signal tower transmits the signal to the target photovoltaic tracker and simultaneously performs distributed transmission to adjacent signal towers. The signal transmitted by the signal tower radiates outwards in a ripple pattern, from one to two, from two to four, from four to sixteen, until all signal towers in the entire project area are reached. The signal towers are configured to communicate wirelessly. In the event of a failure in the wired communication between the first signal tower and the central integrated system, the first signal tower can still receive commands from other signal towers and transmit them to the target photovoltaic tracker, thereby ensuring normal signal transmission and preventing the target photovoltaic tracker from not receiving a signal. In this application, the signal towers only provide signal relay functions and do not have control or data processing capabilities.

[0115] Based on the above embodiments, this application discloses another embodiment of a centrally integrated communication system, in which several signal towers are distributed within a photovoltaic electric field, ensuring that each photovoltaic tracker is within the signal coverage range of at least one signal tower.

[0116] Reference manual attached Figure 2 As shown, in a photovoltaic power station, the triangle represents a signal tower, and the circle represents a wind sensor. When the wind sensors around the photovoltaic power station detect wind speed or direction data, they transmit the data to the central integrated system via wired communication. After the central integrated system analyzes the wind data and finds it exceeds a set threshold, it sends a first control command, which is transmitted to the signal tower via wired communication. The signal tower then transmits the command to the photovoltaic trackers. Preferably, the coverage area of ​​one signal tower can cover 250 photovoltaic trackers.

[0117] Optionally, the arrangement of signal towers is based on the principle of using the location of each tower as the center and its coverage area as the radius, ensuring that the wireless signal transmission range of each tower can cover the entire photovoltaic power station. Each signal tower communicates with the central integrated system via wired connection and with other surrounding signal towers and photovoltaic trackers within its coverage area via wireless connection. When a signal tower receives a command from the central integrated system, it sends the command to the photovoltaic trackers within its coverage area and simultaneously sends it to other surrounding signal towers.

[0118] Based on the above embodiments, this application discloses another embodiment of a centrally integrated communication system, wherein the centrally integrated system further includes:

[0119] The command monitoring module is used to receive command response signals from the target photovoltaic trackers, record the device number corresponding to the target photovoltaic trackers, and determine whether all target photovoltaic trackers have received the command based on the recorded device number.

[0120] The relay selection module, when detecting that the target photovoltaic (PV) tracker is not responding to a command, performs a nearest neighbor search algorithm based on the target PV tracker's device number and spatial distribution data. It selects the PV tracker closest to the target PV tracker and within the coverage area of ​​a different signal tower as the relay tracker. The first control command is then forwarded to the target PV tracker via the relay tracker.

[0121] Specifically, after the control command is issued, the target photovoltaic (PV) tracker receives the command and outputs a return command, which is transmitted to the central integration system via the corresponding signal tower. The return command includes the device number of the target PV tracker. The signal tower is also used to receive command response signals sent by the target PV trackers and feed them back to the central integration system. Upon receiving the returned command response signals, the central integration system records the device number of the corresponding target PV tracker and determines whether all target PV trackers have received the command based on the recorded device numbers.

[0122] If a target photovoltaic (PV) tracker fails to receive a command, the central integrated system determines that the signal tower corresponding to the target PV tracker has malfunctioned. Simultaneously, based on the PV tracker and its layout information, the central integrated system first identifies a tracker adjacent to the target PV tracker that has not received a command but falls within the coverage area of ​​a different signal tower as a relay tracker. Then, it locates the signal tower corresponding to this relay tracker. If the relay tracker corresponds to multiple signal towers, the central integrated system randomly selects one and sends the command to that selected signal tower via wired connection. The selected signal tower then transmits the command wirelessly to the relay tracker, which ultimately forwards the command to the corresponding target PV tracker that has not received a signal.

[0123] The centrally integrated communication method and system of this application have the same technical concept, and the technical details of the embodiments of the two are applicable to each other. In order to reduce repetition, they will not be repeated here.

[0124] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of program modules is merely an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different program modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different program units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The program modules in the embodiments can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one processing unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software program unit. Furthermore, the specific names of the program modules are only for easy differentiation and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0125] Although preferred embodiments of this application have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A centrally integrated communication method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Collect wind condition data from photovoltaic power plants and transmit it to the central integrated system in real time; The central integrated system receives the wind data in real time and analyzes the wind data. If the wind data reaches a preset threshold condition, it sends a first control command to the first signal tower. The first signal tower receives the first control command, forwards the first control command in real time to the photovoltaic trackers within its signal coverage area, and synchronously transmits it to the second signal tower within its signal coverage area; The first signal tower is wirelessly connected to the photovoltaic tracker within its signal coverage area, and the photovoltaic tracker includes a target photovoltaic tracker. After receiving the first control command forwarded by the first signal tower, the photovoltaic tracker executes a command verification process, which includes: the photovoltaic tracker comparing the device number of the photovoltaic tracker contained in the first control command; if the device number contained in the first control command is the same as the device number of the photovoltaic tracker itself, then the command verification is passed. After the instruction is verified, the target photovoltaic tracker starts the instruction execution program and adjusts the photovoltaic support to the specified safe angle; Before starting the instruction execution program, the following steps are also included: The target photovoltaic tracker records the signal tower ID of the first signal tower and enters the instruction buffer state, starts a preset delay timer, and determines whether other instructions are received within the delay period; if no other instructions are received within the delay period, the first control instruction is executed. If the second control command forwarded by the second signal tower is received within the delay period, the target photovoltaic tracker performs a consistency check on the multi-source commands: when multiple commands are found to be identical, the single command with the highest preset priority is executed; if there is a command conflict, the last received command is executed.

2. The centrally integrated communication method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic tracker includes a target photovoltaic tracker and also includes the following steps: After executing the first control command, the target photovoltaic tracker generates an instruction response signal containing the device number of the target photovoltaic tracker, and feeds it back to the central integration system through the corresponding first signal tower; The central integrated system receives the instruction response signal, records the device number corresponding to the target photovoltaic tracker, and determines whether all the target photovoltaic trackers have received the instruction based on the recorded device number.

3. The centrally integrated communication method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: When the central integrated system detects that the target photovoltaic tracker does not respond to the command, it executes the nearest neighbor search algorithm based on the device number and spatial distribution data of the target photovoltaic tracker. The photovoltaic tracker that is closest to the target photovoltaic tracker and belongs to the signal coverage area of ​​a different signal tower is selected as a relay tracker; the first control command is forwarded to the target photovoltaic tracker through the relay tracker.

4. A centrally integrated communication system, characterized in that, The centrally integrated communication system is used to implement the centrally integrated communication method described in any one of claims 1-3; These include: A wind sensor, which is installed in a photovoltaic power station, is used to collect wind condition data of the photovoltaic power station; Central integration system, the central integration system comprising: The data receiving module is used to receive and process the wind condition data collected by the wind sensing device in real time. The instruction issuing module is used to analyze the wind condition data. If the wind condition data reaches a preset threshold condition, a first control instruction is sent to the first signal tower. The signal tower includes a first signal tower and a second signal tower. The first signal tower is used to receive the first control command, forward the first control command to the photovoltaic tracker within its signal coverage area in real time, and synchronously transmit it to the second signal tower within its signal coverage area.

5. A centrally integrated communication system as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The wind sensor is wired to the central integrated system and is used to send the acquired wind condition data to the central integrated system.

6. A centrally integrated communication system as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The first signal tower is wired to the central integrated system; the first signal tower receives a first control command issued by the central integrated system. The first signal tower is wirelessly connected to the second signal tower; the first signal tower also receives a second control command forwarded by the second signal tower within its signal coverage area.

7. A centrally integrated communication system as described in claim 6, characterized in that: Several of the signal towers are distributed within the photovoltaic power station, such that each photovoltaic tracker is within the signal coverage area of ​​at least one of the signal towers.

8. A centrally integrated communication system as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The central integration system also includes: The instruction monitoring module is used to receive instruction response signals from the target photovoltaic trackers, record the device number corresponding to the target photovoltaic trackers, and determine whether all the target photovoltaic trackers have received the instruction based on the recorded device number. The relay selection module is used to, when the target photovoltaic tracker does not respond to the command, perform a nearest neighbor search algorithm based on the device number and spatial distribution data of the target photovoltaic tracker; select the photovoltaic tracker that is closest to the target photovoltaic tracker and belongs to the signal coverage area of ​​a different signal tower as a relay tracker; and forward the first control command to the target photovoltaic tracker through the relay tracker.

Images