A supersaturated gas rapid release device with energy dissipation function

Abstract

This invention discloses a rapid release device for supersaturated gas with energy dissipation function, belonging to the field of water conservancy and hydropower technology. The device includes a water cushion pond, a two-stage energy dissipation gas release mechanism, and a ramp-type energy dissipation gas release mechanism arranged sequentially along the river flow direction. The lower part of the upstream side of the two-stage energy dissipation gas release mechanism has several water passages communicating with the lower part of the water cushion pond, and the lower part of the downstream side of the two-stage energy dissipation gas release mechanism has several water passages communicating with the upstream end of the ramp-type energy dissipation gas release mechanism. Because the water cushion pond, the two-stage energy dissipation gas release mechanism, and the ramp-type energy dissipation gas release mechanism are arranged sequentially along the river flow direction, this device can handle a large flow rate of water discharged from the dam per unit time, resulting in high processing efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a device for the rapid release of supersaturated gas with energy dissipation function, belonging to the field of water conservancy and hydropower technology. Background Technology

[0002] Hydropower projects, as an important way for humans to utilize water resources, have played a significant role in promoting economic and social development. However, the construction of hydropower projects alters natural river channels, such as transforming continuous rivers into segmented ones. When high-water dams release floodwaters, the high-speed water flow creates negative pressure on the surface, drawing in nitrogen and oxygen from the air, resulting in a supersaturated state of gases in the downstream water. This is particularly pronounced during high-dam spillway discharge, where the contact area between water and air increases, leading to higher gas solubility and more severe supersaturation of total dissolved gases in the water. As these supersaturated gases migrate downstream, they are not quickly released due to factors such as water flow velocity, temperature, and pressure. This supersaturated state persists in the river for a period, having a long-term impact on downstream aquatic life. Fish and other aquatic organisms inhale these supersaturated gases during respiration. When these gases reach a certain concentration in the fish's body, they form bubbles, causing "gas bubble disease" in fish. This obstructs blood flow, affecting their respiratory and metabolic functions, and in severe cases, can even lead to death. Fish are an important component of aquatic ecosystems, and a decline in their numbers can disrupt the ecological balance of rivers. For example, birds and mammals that feed on fish may decrease in number due to food shortages, thus affecting the stability of the entire ecosystem. In addition, gas supersaturation can also affect the physiological functions of aquatic plants, reduce their photosynthetic efficiency, and disrupt the material cycle and energy flow of aquatic ecosystems.

[0003] To facilitate the rapid release of supersaturated dissolved gases in the downstream flow of a dam, Chinese patent document CN120139161A discloses a corridor-type rapid release device for supersaturated gases. Multiple concentric concrete walls are arranged on the top surface of a concrete base slab, with the gap between adjacent concentric walls forming a corridor area. Multiple water pressure and air pressure breaking components are arranged inside the innermost concentric concrete wall, along with several energy dissipation bodies. Multiple flow-limiting plates are spaced apart inside the corridor area. By employing this structure, multiple flow regime distribution zones, including turbulent flow, backflow, and swirling flow, can be formed, greatly increasing the medium contact area of ​​the supersaturated gases and accelerating their release.

[0004] However, the rapid gas release device uses a corridor-type structure, which results in a very limited flow rate of water discharged from the dam that it can handle per unit time, leading to low processing efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a device for the rapid release of supersaturated gas with energy dissipation function.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A rapid release device for supersaturated gas with energy dissipation function includes a water cushion pond, a two-stage energy dissipation gas release mechanism, and a slope-type energy dissipation gas release mechanism arranged sequentially along the direction of river flow. The lower part of the upstream side of the two-stage energy dissipation gas release mechanism has several water passage holes that communicate with the lower part of the water cushion pond, and the lower part of the downstream side of the two-stage energy dissipation gas release mechanism has several water passage holes that communicate with the upstream end of the slope-type energy dissipation gas release mechanism.

[0007] The water cushion depth in the water cushion pond is greater than 3 meters.

[0008] The two-stage energy dissipation gas release mechanism includes a primary energy dissipation pool and a secondary energy dissipation pool. The secondary energy dissipation pool is located downstream of the primary energy dissipation pool. Both the secondary and primary energy dissipation pools are equipped with gas acceleration release components, and several water passage holes are opened above the gas acceleration release components on the partition wall between the secondary and primary energy dissipation pools.

[0009] The gas acceleration release component includes a lower concrete partition, a middle concrete partition, and an upper concrete partition arranged from bottom to top in a primary or secondary energy dissipation pool. The lower concrete partition has multiple circular water passage holes, the middle concrete partition has multiple cross-shaped water passage holes, and the upper concrete partition has multiple cross-shaped water passage holes.

[0010] The cross-shaped water passage is formed by cutting and shaping a stainless steel plate and then embedding it into the middle layer of concrete partition. The wall of the cross-shaped water passage has a concave-convex structure with a height of 2mm to 5mm formed by cutting.

[0011] The cross-shaped water passage is formed by cutting stainless steel plate and embedding it into the upper concrete partition. The wall of the cross-shaped water passage has a concave-convex structure with a height of 2mm to 5mm formed by cutting.

[0012] The inclined energy dissipation gas release mechanism includes a water diversion channel. The bottom of the water diversion channel is inclined downward along the direction of river flow. Inside the water diversion channel, above the slope, concrete water retaining sills and bladed guide rollers are alternately arranged from upstream to downstream.

[0013] The water-facing side of the concrete water-retaining sill is vertical, and a horizontal energy dissipation platform is provided at the top of the concrete water-retaining sill. The back side of the concrete water-retaining sill is inclined along the direction of river flow, and energy dissipation steps are provided on the back side.

[0014] The concrete water-retaining sill has multiple hexagonal water passages in the middle along the direction of river flow. Each hexagonal water passage has six serrated dividing strips that divide the internal space of the hexagonal water passage into six equilateral triangles.

[0015] The bladed guide roller includes a roller body. Both ends of the roller body are installed inside the two side walls of the water diversion channel through rotating bearings. Multiple rows of guide blades are arranged in a circumferential array on the roller body, and adjacent rows of guide blades are staggered in the axial direction of the roller body. When the guide blades rotate to the top of the roller body, multiple guide grooves are arranged side by side on the water-facing surface of the guide blades, and the guide grooves are parallel to the roller body.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. After the water flow from the dam enters the stilling basin, it undergoes energy dissipation sequentially through the stilling basin, a two-stage energy dissipation gas release mechanism, and a sloping energy dissipation gas release mechanism. Turbulent flow forms within these mechanisms, creating conditions for the accumulation of dissolved gases in the water. This facilitates the rapid release and precipitation of supersaturated gases, ensuring that the concentration of supersaturated gases in the dam's outflow quickly drops below the ecological safety threshold. This effectively mitigates the risk of gas bubble disease in fish and reduces the harm of supersaturated gases to the integrity of the river ecosystem and biodiversity. Because the stilling basin, the two-stage energy dissipation gas release mechanism, and the sloping energy dissipation gas release mechanism are arranged sequentially along the river's flow direction, this device can handle a large flow rate of dam outflow per unit time, resulting in high treatment efficiency.

[0017] 2. The two-stage energy dissipation gas release mechanism has a lower concrete baffle, a middle concrete baffle, and an upper concrete baffle arranged from bottom to top in both the primary and secondary energy dissipation pools. Multiple circular water passage holes are opened on the lower concrete baffle, multiple cross-shaped water passage holes are opened on the middle concrete baffle, and multiple cross-shaped water passage holes are opened on the upper concrete baffle. Through the differentiated design of the channel structure with different geometric structures, the energy dissipation of the dam discharge flow is achieved in stages, while inducing turbulence, backflow, and vortex flow in the dam discharge flow to form a complex flow system. The multi-flow coupling effect will break the pressure equilibrium state inside the water body and form a strong turbulent shear environment, which will effectively improve the release efficiency of supersaturated gas absorbed into the water body during the flood discharge process, and significantly improve the device's energy dissipation capacity and supersaturated gas release efficiency.

[0018] 3. The walls of the cross-shaped water passages are cut to form a concave-convex structure with a height of 2mm to 5mm, and the walls of the star-shaped water passages are cut to form a concave-convex structure with a height of 2mm to 5mm. The concave-convex structure increases the wall area and roughness of the two types of water passages, thereby increasing the contact area between the wall of the two types of water passages and the water flow, which is beneficial to accelerating the precipitation and release rate of supersaturated gas in the water.

[0019] 4. Concrete water-retaining sills inherently possess water-blocking and energy-dissipating functions. Adding a horizontal energy-dissipating platform at the top of the concrete water-retaining sill and energy-dissipating steps on its backwater surface further enhances its energy-dissipating effect on the water body. Water flowing through the hexagonal through-holes is divided into six smaller streams by six serrated dividing strips. The serrations on these strips shear each smaller stream, disrupting the internal pressure balance of the water body and increasing the efficiency of supersaturated gas release. The combination of the concrete water-retaining sill, hexagonal through-holes, and serrated dividing strips achieves energy dissipation and flow regulation of the downstream water flow.

[0020] 5. Multiple guide grooves are arranged side-by-side on the upstream surface of the guide vanes to increase the resistance of the guide vanes to the water flow, ensuring that the guide rollers can rotate freely under the impact of the water flow. This also alters the water flow pattern, facilitating the release of supersaturated gases from the water. When the guide rollers rotate, the turbulent effect of the guide vanes on the water flow couples with the impediment effect of the concrete retaining wall, creating a complex turbulent flow field within the diversion channel. This effectively enhances the energy dissipation and flow pattern reconstruction of the water discharged from the dam, and effectively disrupts the internal pressure balance of the water discharged from the dam, accelerating the release and release of supersaturated gases and significantly reducing the impact of gas supersaturation on downstream fish and aquatic ecosystems. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a top view of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Sectional view along AA; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view along CC; Figure 4 for Figure 2 Sectional view along DD; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the concrete water-retaining sill, the regular hexagonal water passage hole and the sawtooth-shaped dividing strip of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the regular hexagonal water passage and the serrated separator strip of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bladed guide roller of the present invention; Figure 8 for Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the left-side view structure; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the guide vane of the present invention.

[0022] In the diagram: 1-Water cushion pond, 2-Two-stage energy dissipation gas release mechanism, 3-Water passage hole, 4-Sloping energy dissipation gas release mechanism, 5-Lower concrete partition, 50-Circular water passage hole, 6-Concrete water retaining sill, 7-Whipped guide roller, 70-Roller body, 71-Guide blade, 72-Guide groove, 8-Rotating bearing, 9-Upper concrete partition, 90-Match-shaped water passage hole, 10-Middle concrete partition, 100-Cross-shaped water passage hole, 11-Regular hexagonal water passage hole, 13-First-stage energy dissipation pool, 14-Second-stage energy dissipation pool, 15-Water diversion channel, 16-Slope, 17-Sawtooth dividing strip. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but the scope of protection is not limited to what is described.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, the present invention discloses a rapid release device for supersaturated gas with energy dissipation function, comprising a water cushion pond 1, a two-stage energy dissipation gas release mechanism 2, and a slope-type energy dissipation gas release mechanism 4 arranged sequentially along the river flow direction. Multiple water passage holes 3 are provided at the lower part of the upstream side of the two-stage energy dissipation gas release mechanism 2, communicating with the lower part of the water cushion pond 1. Multiple water passage holes 3 are also provided at the lower part of the downstream side of the two-stage energy dissipation gas release mechanism 2, communicating with the upstream end of the slope-type energy dissipation gas release mechanism 4. A row of water passage holes 3 is provided at the lower part of the upstream side of the two-stage energy dissipation gas release mechanism 2, communicating with the lower part of the water cushion pond 1. A row of water passage holes 3 is provided at the lower part of the downstream side of the two-stage energy dissipation gas release mechanism 2, communicating with the upstream end of the slope-type energy dissipation gas release mechanism 4. The diameter of the water passage holes 3 must fully consider the maximum flood discharge capacity of the dam, ensuring that the flow capacity of each hole and the overall flow meets the design requirements of the flood discharge energy dissipation system, guaranteeing the smoothness of water flow and structural safety during flood season. The stilling basin 1 is constructed in the area where the dam's discharge flow lands. After the dam's discharge flow falls into the stilling basin 1, it undergoes energy dissipation sequentially through the stilling basin 1, the two-stage energy dissipation gas release mechanism 2, and the inclined energy dissipation gas release mechanism 4. Turbulent flow is generated within the two-stage and inclined energy dissipation gas release mechanisms 2 and 4, creating conditions for the accumulation and release of supersaturated gases in the water. This facilitates the rapid precipitation and release of supersaturated gases, ensuring that the concentration of dissolved gases in the dam's discharge flow quickly drops below the ecological safety threshold. This effectively avoids the risk of gas bubble disease in fish and mitigates the harm of supersaturated gases to the integrity of the river ecosystem and biodiversity. Because the stilling basin 1, the two-stage energy dissipation gas release mechanism 2, and the inclined energy dissipation gas release mechanism 4 are arranged sequentially along the river's flow direction, this device can handle a large flow rate of dam discharge flow per unit time, resulting in high treatment efficiency.

[0025] The water cushion depth in the water cushion pond 1 is greater than 3 meters. That is, the effective water cushion depth in the water cushion pond 1 is greater than 3 meters. By utilizing the principle of water body buffering and energy dissipation, the water cushion pond 1 for flood discharge energy dissipation is constructed, which can effectively mitigate the impact and damage of high-speed water flow on the bottom and surrounding concrete structures of the flood discharge area.

[0026] The two-stage energy dissipation gas release mechanism 2 includes a primary energy dissipation pool 13 and a secondary energy dissipation pool 14. The secondary energy dissipation pool 14 is located downstream of the primary energy dissipation pool 13. Both the secondary energy dissipation pool 14 and the primary energy dissipation pool 13 are equipped with gas acceleration release components. Furthermore, a number of water passage holes 3 are provided above the gas acceleration release components on the partition wall between the secondary energy dissipation pool 14 and the primary energy dissipation pool 13.

[0027] The gas acceleration release component includes a lower concrete partition 5, a middle concrete partition 10, and an upper concrete partition 9, which are spaced apart from bottom to top in the primary energy dissipation pool 13 or the secondary energy dissipation pool 14. The lower concrete partition 5 has multiple circular water passage holes 50, the middle concrete partition 10 has multiple cross-shaped water passage holes 100, and the upper concrete partition 9 has multiple cross-shaped water passage holes 90.

[0028] The cross-shaped water passage 100 is formed by cutting and shaping a stainless steel plate and then embedding it into the middle layer concrete partition 10. The wall of the cross-shaped water passage 100 is formed with a concave-convex structure with a height of 2mm to 5mm by cutting.

[0029] The cross-shaped water passage 90 is formed by cutting and shaping a stainless steel plate and then embedding it into the upper concrete partition 9. The wall of the cross-shaped water passage 90 is formed with a concave-convex structure with a height of 2mm to 5mm by cutting.

[0030] The two-stage energy dissipation gas release mechanism 2 has a lower concrete baffle 5, a middle concrete baffle 10, and an upper concrete baffle 9 arranged from bottom to top in both the primary energy dissipation pool 13 and the secondary energy dissipation pool 14. Multiple circular water passage holes 50 are opened on the lower concrete baffle 5, multiple cross-shaped water passage holes 100 are opened on the middle concrete baffle 10, and multiple cross-shaped water passage holes 90 are opened on the upper concrete baffle 9. Through the differentiated design of the channel structure with different geometric structures, the energy dissipation of the dam discharge flow is achieved in stages, while inducing the dam discharge flow to generate turbulence, backflow, and vortex flow in the channel to form a complex flow system. The multi-flow coupling effect will break the pressure equilibrium state inside the water body and form a strong turbulent shear environment, which will effectively improve the release efficiency of supersaturated gas absorbed into the water body during the flood discharge process, and significantly improve the device's energy dissipation capacity and supersaturated gas release efficiency.

[0031] The walls of the cross-shaped water passage 100 are formed with concave-convex structures with a height of 2mm to 5mm by cutting, and the walls of the star-shaped water passage 90 are formed with concave-convex structures with a height of 2mm to 5mm by cutting. The concave-convex structures increase the wall area and roughness of the two types of water passages, thereby increasing the contact area between the wall of the two types of water passages and the water flow, which is beneficial to accelerating the precipitation and release rate of supersaturated gas in the water.

[0032] The inclined energy dissipation gas release mechanism 4 includes a water diversion channel 15. The bottom of the water diversion channel 15 is inclined downward along the direction of river flow and has a slope 16. Inside the water diversion channel 15, above the slope 16, concrete water retaining sills 6 and bladed guide rollers 7 are alternately arranged from upstream to downstream.

[0033] The concrete retaining wall 6 has a vertical water-facing side, and a horizontal energy-dissipating platform at its top. The water-retaining side of the retaining wall 6 is inclined along the river's flow direction and has energy-dissipating steps. The concrete retaining wall 6 itself has water-blocking and flow-digging energy-dissipating functions. The horizontal energy-dissipating platform at its top and the energy-dissipating steps on its water-retaining side further enhance its flow-digging energy-dissipating effect on the water body.

[0034] The concrete retaining wall 6 has multiple hexagonal water passage holes 11 in its middle section along the river flow direction. Each hexagonal water passage hole 11 has six serrated dividing strips 17, which divide the internal space of the hexagonal water passage hole 11 into six equilateral triangles. The water flowing through the hexagonal water passage holes 11 is divided into six smaller streams by the six serrated dividing strips 17. The serrations on the dividing strips 17 shear each smaller stream, which helps to disrupt the internal pressure balance of the water body and improve the efficiency of supersaturated gas release from the water.

[0035] By combining the concrete water-retaining sill 6 with the regular hexagonal water passage hole 11 and the sawtooth-shaped dividing strip 17, energy dissipation and flow regulation of the downstream water flow can be achieved.

[0036] The bladed guide roller 7 includes a roller body 70, with both ends of the roller body 70 mounted to the side walls of the water diversion channel 15 via rotating bearings 8. Multiple rows of guide blades 71 are arranged in a circumferential array on the roller body 70, with adjacent rows of guide blades 71 staggered axially. When the guide blades 71 rotate to the top of the roller body 70, multiple guide grooves 72 are arranged side-by-side on the water-facing surface of the guide blades 71, and these guide grooves 72 are parallel to the roller body 70. The side-by-side arrangement of multiple guide grooves 72 on the water-facing surface of the guide blades 71 increases the resistance of the guide blades 71 to the water flow, ensuring that the bladed guide roller 7 can rotate freely under the impact of the water flow. It also changes the water flow pattern, facilitating the release of supersaturated gases from the water. Some of the guide vanes 71 are directly facing the hexagonal water passage holes 11 on the concrete water retaining wall 6, so that when the high-speed water flow is sprayed out from the hexagonal water passage holes 11, it directly impacts the surface of the guide vane 71 on which the guide groove 72 is opened, so as to drive the vane guide roller 7 to rotate.

[0037] When the blade guide roller 7 rotates, the turbulent effect of the guide blade 71 on the water flow will be coupled with the obstruction effect of the concrete water retaining wall 6 on the water flow, thereby forming a complex turbulent flow field in the water diversion channel 15. This effectively enhances the energy dissipation and flow pattern reconstruction effect of the water body discharged from the dam, and can effectively break the internal pressure balance of the water body discharged from the dam, accelerate the precipitation and release rate of supersaturated gas in the water body, and significantly reduce the impact of gas supersaturation on downstream fish and aquatic ecosystems.

Claims

1. A device for rapid release of supersaturated gas with energy dissipation function, characterized in that: The system includes a water cushion pond (1), a two-stage energy dissipation gas release mechanism (2), and a slope-type energy dissipation gas release mechanism (4) arranged sequentially along the direction of river flow. The lower part of the upstream side of the two-stage energy dissipation gas release mechanism (2) is provided with several water passage holes (3) that are connected to the lower part of the water cushion pond (1). The lower part of the downstream side of the two-stage energy dissipation gas release mechanism (2) is provided with several water passage holes (3) that are connected to the upstream end of the slope-type energy dissipation gas release mechanism (4). The inclined energy dissipation gas release mechanism (4) includes a water diversion channel (15), the bottom of which is inclined downward along the direction of river flow and has a slope (16). Inside the water diversion channel (15), above the slope (16), concrete water retaining sills (6) and bladed guide rollers (7) are alternately arranged from upstream to downstream.

2. The supersaturated gas rapid release device with energy dissipation function as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of the water cushion in the water cushion pond (1) is greater than 3 meters.

3. The supersaturated gas rapid release device with energy dissipation function as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The two-stage energy dissipation gas release mechanism (2) includes a primary energy dissipation pool (13) and a secondary energy dissipation pool (14). The secondary energy dissipation pool (14) is located downstream of the primary energy dissipation pool (13). Both the secondary energy dissipation pool (14) and the primary energy dissipation pool (13) are equipped with gas acceleration release components. Several water passage holes (3) are opened above the gas acceleration release components on the partition wall between the secondary energy dissipation pool (14) and the primary energy dissipation pool (13).

4. The supersaturated gas rapid release device with energy dissipation function as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The gas acceleration release component includes a lower concrete partition (5), a middle concrete partition (10) and an upper concrete partition (9) arranged from bottom to top in the primary energy dissipation pool (13) or the secondary energy dissipation pool (14). The lower concrete partition (5) has multiple circular water passage holes (50), the middle concrete partition (10) has multiple cross-shaped water passage holes (100), and the upper concrete partition (9) has multiple cross-shaped water passage holes (90).

5. The supersaturated gas rapid release device with energy dissipation function as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The cross-shaped water passage (100) is formed by cutting and shaping a stainless steel plate and then embedding it into the middle layer concrete partition (10). The wall of the cross-shaped water passage (100) has a concave-convex structure with a height of 2mm to 5mm formed by cutting.

6. The supersaturated gas rapid release device with energy dissipation function as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The cross-shaped water passage (90) is formed by cutting and shaping a stainless steel plate and then embedding it into the upper concrete partition (9). The wall of the cross-shaped water passage (90) has a concave-convex structure with a height of 2mm to 5mm formed by cutting.

7. The supersaturated gas rapid release device with energy dissipation function as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The water-facing surface of the concrete water-retaining sill (6) is vertical, and a horizontal energy dissipation platform is provided at the top of the concrete water-retaining sill (6). The back surface of the concrete water-retaining sill (6) is inclined along the direction of river flow, and an energy dissipation step is provided on the back surface.

8. The supersaturated gas rapid release device with energy dissipation function as described in claim 1 or 7, characterized in that: The concrete water-retaining sill (6) has multiple regular hexagonal water passage holes (11) in the middle along the direction of river flow; the regular hexagonal water passage holes (11) are provided with six serrated dividing strips (17), and the six serrated dividing strips (17) divide the internal space of the regular hexagonal water passage holes (11) into six equilateral triangles.

9. The supersaturated gas rapid release device with energy dissipation function as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The bladed guide roller (7) includes a roller body (70). The two ends of the roller body (70) are installed in the two side walls of the water diversion channel (15) through rotating bearings (8). Multiple rows of guide blades (71) are arranged in a circular array on the roller body (70), and adjacent rows of guide blades (71) are staggered in the axial direction of the roller body (70). When the guide blades (71) rotate to the top of the roller body (70), multiple guide grooves (72) are arranged side by side on the water-facing surface of the guide blades (71), and the guide grooves (72) are parallel to the roller body (70).

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