A tower type supersaturated gas rapid release device

Abstract

This invention discloses a tower-type rapid release device for supersaturated gas, belonging to the field of water conservancy and hydropower technology. The device includes a stilling basin energy dissipation tank and a packing tower. The packing tower contains a porous packing layer, and its top is equipped with an annular water distribution channel, which is connected to the upper part of the stilling basin energy dissipation tank via a water passage. After being dissipated in the stilling basin energy dissipation tank, the downstream water flows through the water passage into the annular water distribution channel, and then into the packing tower. As the water flows through the porous packing layer, it is subdivided into multiple fine water flows by the gaps between the packing materials and the internal pores of the packing. These fine water flows create various complex flow patterns within the packing tower, such as turbulence, backflow, and swirling flow, creating extremely favorable hydraulic conditions for the nucleation and precipitation of supersaturated gas, significantly improving the precipitation and release effect of supersaturated gas in the downstream water flow of the dam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a tower-type rapid release device for supersaturated gas, belonging to the field of water conservancy and hydropower technology. Background Technology

[0002] When a high dam uses a jet-flow energy dissipation method to release floodwaters, the water flow velocity reaches as high as 30m / s to 50m / s, generating violent turbulence within the flood discharge channel and creating a vacuum negative pressure zone. Large amounts of nitrogen and oxygen in the air are entrained and dissolved, and the dissolved gas saturation of the downstream water can reach 140% to 160%. Under the combined effect of low air pressure and water temperature exceeding 25℃, the water's dissolving capacity decreases significantly. At this time, the dissolved gases carried by the downstream water flow, upon entering the downstream channel, will continuously precipitate as micron-sized bubbles due to the sudden drop in pressure and temperature changes. Supersaturated gases permeate into the bloodstream through the gills of fish, forming embolisms in the blood vessels and subsequently causing organ failure. When the total dissolved gas pressure exceeds 110% saturation, the mortality rate of salmonid fish can reach 30% within 48 hours; at 130%, the survival time of fish fry is no more than 12 hours. Long-term monitoring data shows that in the 50-kilometer section downstream of the Xiluodu Hydropower Station on the Jinsha River, the fish species diversity index dropped from 3.2 before the dam was built to 2.1, and benthic biomass decreased by 42%. In addition, the supersaturated gas environment can also change the redox potential of the water body, inhibit algal photosynthesis, and lead to damage to the basic links of the food chain.

[0003] In the prior art, in order to promote the rapid release of supersaturated dissolved gases in water, Chinese patent document CN120139161A discloses a corridor-type rapid release device for supersaturated gases. Multiple rings of concrete walls are set on the top surface of the concrete base plate, and the gap between two adjacent rings of concrete walls forms a corridor area. Multiple water pressure and air pressure breaking components are set inside the innermost ring of concrete walls, and several energy dissipation bodies are filled in. Multiple flow limiting plates are set at intervals inside the corridor area. By adopting the above structure, multiple flow distribution areas such as turbulence, backflow and swirling flow can be formed, which greatly increases the medium contact area of ​​supersaturated gases and accelerates the precipitation of supersaturated gases.

[0004] However, the flow-limiting plates installed in the corridor area have a very limited effect on promoting the release of supersaturated gases in the water. Therefore, how to further improve the release and release of supersaturated gases in the water flow downstream of the dam is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a tower-type rapid release device for supersaturated gas.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A tower-type rapid release device for supersaturated gas includes a water cushion pond energy dissipation pool and a packing tower. The packing tower is provided with a porous packing layer, and the top of the packing tower is provided with an annular water distribution channel. The annular water distribution channel is connected to the upper part of the water cushion pond energy dissipation pool through a water passage.

[0007] The water cushion pond energy dissipation pool is equipped with multiple energy dissipation bodies, which are four-cone rough concrete structures, including four concrete cones. The large ends of the four concrete cones are connected together, and the small ends extend in different directions.

[0008] The water cushion pond energy dissipation pool has a water outlet on its pool wall at a position corresponding to the water passageway, and a water inlet hole for the water distribution channel is provided on the outer wall of the annular water distribution channel at a position corresponding to the water passageway.

[0009] The packed tower includes a tower cylinder, which is cylindrical in shape. Inside the tower cylinder, there are several porous concrete slabs spaced from bottom to top, and each porous concrete slab is provided with a porous packing layer.

[0010] The thickness of the porous filler layer on the topmost porous concrete slab is 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of the distance from the porous concrete slab to the upper end face of the tower. The thickness of the porous filler layer on the other porous concrete slabs is 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of the distance between two adjacent porous concrete slabs.

[0011] The porous filler layer comprises multiple porous plastic balls stacked together irregularly, and the density of the porous plastic balls is greater than that of water.

[0012] The tower is equipped with a packing replacement door at the bottom of each porous packing layer and a maintenance manhole at the top of each porous packing layer. The lower end of the tower is provided with at least three edge supports arranged in a circular array. The uppermost porous concrete slab is connected to the annular water distribution channel through the first central support column. Adjacent porous concrete slabs are connected through the second central support column. The bottom of the lowermost porous concrete slab is connected to the central support column through the third central support column. The bottom surface of the central support column is coplanar with the bottom surface of the edge supports. The first, second, and third central support columns are all arranged coaxially with the tower.

[0013] The annular water distribution trough includes an annular water distribution trough wall on the outer wall of the upper end of the tower, and an annular sawtooth water distribution weir on the end face of the upper end of the tower, with the annular sawtooth water distribution weir located inside the annular water distribution trough wall.

[0014] The annular water distribution trough wall includes a water-blocking cylinder and an annular bottom plate. The water-blocking cylinder is arranged coaxially with the tower cylinder, and the annular bottom plate is located at the lower end of the water-blocking cylinder and connected to the outer wall of the tower cylinder. The annular base plate gradually slopes downwards from the outside to the inside in the radial direction, and the connection line between the annular base plate and the tower is located below the annular sawtooth-shaped water distribution weir.

[0015] It also includes a circular water distribution channel and multiple square water distribution channels. The circular water distribution channel is arranged coaxially with the tower and connected to the upper end of the first central support column. One end of the multiple square water distribution channels is connected to the circular water distribution channel, and the other end extends in different directions along the radial direction of the circular water distribution channel and is connected to the annular water distribution channel.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The stilling basin contains numerous energy dissipation bodies. When the water flowing down from the dam falls into the stilling basin, the energy dissipation bodies, being four-cone rough-surfaced concrete structures, significantly increase the contact area with the water flowing down from the dam, reduce the flow velocity, and mitigate the energy destructive effects of the water, thus achieving the purpose of dissipating energy from the water flowing down from the dam. In addition, they can also significantly increase the contact area with supersaturated gases in the water flowing down from the dam, and create multiple flow patterns such as turbulence, backflow, and swirling flow within the stilling basin, thereby accelerating the precipitation and release of supersaturated gases in the water.

[0017] 2. After energy dissipation treatment, the water discharged from the dam in the water cushion pond flows into the annular water distribution channel through the water corridor. With the assistance of multiple square and circular water distribution channels, the channel, which is formed by the water-retaining cylinder, the annular bottom plate, the tower sidewall, and the annular sawtooth water distribution weir, is filled in the entire circumference. Then, the water in the channel flows evenly and orderly into the packing tower from all the tooth roots of the annular sawtooth water distribution weir.

[0018] 3. As water flows downwards within the packed tower, it is subdivided into numerous fine streams by the gaps between the porous plastic balls in the porous packing layer and the internal channels of the porous plastic balls. This significantly prolongs the flow time of the water within the packed tower and greatly increases the contact area between the water and the porous plastic balls. Simultaneously, these fine streams create various complex flow patterns within the packed tower, such as turbulence, backflow, and swirling flow, providing extremely favorable hydraulic conditions for the nucleation and precipitation of supersaturated gases. The precipitated gas rises along the gaps between the porous plastic balls and is eventually released into the air. Furthermore, the installation of multiple porous concrete slabs and multiple porous packing layers within the packed tower can further enhance the precipitation and release effect of supersaturated gases in the dam's downstream flow.

[0019] 4. This device significantly improves the precipitation and release of supersaturated gases in the downstream water flow of the dam, and reduces the content of supersaturated gases in the downstream water flow. It has important practical significance for the protection of downstream aquatic ecosystems, especially for the sustainable development of fish resources. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a top view of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Sectional view along AA; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view along BB; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Sectional view along CC; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the energy dissipator of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the porous plastic ball of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1-Water cushion pond energy dissipation pool, 2-Pool wall, 3-Water outlet, 4-Water passageway, 5-Water inlet of water distribution channel, 6-Annular water distribution channel, 7-Annular water distribution channel wall, 70-Water-retaining cylinder, 71-Annular bottom plate, 8-Annular sawtooth water distribution weir, 9-Edge support, 10-Filling tower, 100-Tower cylinder, 11-Square water distribution channel, 12-Central support, 13-Circular water distribution channel, 14-First central support column, 15-Porous concrete slab, 16-Energy dissipation body, 160-Concrete cone, 17-Maintenance manhole, 18-Filling material replacement door, 19-Porous plastic ball, 20-Porous filling layer, 21-Second central support column, 23-Third central support column. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but the scope of protection is not limited to what is described.

[0023] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, the tower-type rapid release device for supersaturated gas of the present invention includes a water cushion pond energy dissipation pool 1 and a packed tower 10. The packed tower 10 has a porous packing layer 20, and an annular water distribution channel 6 is provided at the top of the packed tower 10. The annular water distribution channel 6 is connected to the upper part of the water cushion pond energy dissipation pool 1 through a water passage 4. The tower-type rapid release device for supersaturated gas is constructed in the water drop area of ​​the dam's downstream flow, and the water cushion pond energy dissipation pool 1 in the device is aligned with the water drop point of the downstream flow. After being dissipated in the stilling basin 1, the discharged water flows through the water corridor 4 into the annular distribution channel 6, and then into the packing tower 10. When the water flows through the porous packing layer 20, it is subdivided into multiple fine water flows by the gaps between the packing materials and the internal channels of the packing materials. This significantly prolongs the flow time of the water in the packing tower 10 and greatly increases the contact area between the water and the packing materials. At the same time, these fine water flows will form various complex flow patterns such as turbulence, backflow and vortex in the packing tower 10, creating extremely favorable hydraulic conditions for the nucleation and precipitation of supersaturated gas. This significantly improves the precipitation and release effect of supersaturated gas in the discharged water of the dam, reduces the supersaturated gas content in the discharged water, and has important practical significance for the protection of downstream aquatic ecosystems, especially the sustainable development of fish resources.

[0024] The stilling basin 1 contains multiple energy dissipation bodies 16, each a four-cone rough-surfaced concrete structure comprising four concrete cones 160, with their large ends connected and their small ends extending in different directions. This four-cone rough-surfaced concrete structure significantly increases the contact area with the downstream flow from the dam, reduces the flow velocity, and mitigates the energy destructive effects of the downstream flow, thus achieving the purpose of energy dissipation. Furthermore, it significantly increases the contact area with supersaturated gases in the downstream flow and creates multiple flow regimes within the stilling basin 1, including turbulence, backflow, and swirling flow, thereby accelerating the release and precipitation of supersaturated gases from the water.

[0025] The water cushion pond energy dissipation pool 1 has a water outlet 3 on its pool wall 2 at a position corresponding to the water passage 4, and a water inlet 5 on the outer wall of the annular water distribution channel 6 at a position corresponding to the water passage 4.

[0026] The packed tower 10 includes a tower cylinder 100, which is cylindrical. Inside the tower cylinder 100, two porous concrete plates 15 are spaced apart from bottom to top, and each porous concrete plate 15 is provided with a porous packing layer 20. The porous concrete plates 15 have both layering and support functions, ensuring the smooth flow of water while preventing the porous plastic ball 19 packing from falling downwards.

[0027] The thickness of the porous filler layer 20 on the uppermost porous concrete slab 15 is 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of the distance from the porous concrete slab 15 to the upper end face of the tower 100. The thickness of the porous filler layer 20 on the other porous concrete slabs 15 is 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of the distance between two adjacent porous concrete slabs 15.

[0028] The porous filler layer 20 includes a plurality of porous plastic balls 19 stacked together in an irregular manner, and the density of the porous plastic balls 19 is greater than that of water.

[0029] The tower 100 is provided with a packing replacement door 18 at the bottom of each porous packing layer 20, and a maintenance manhole 17 at the top of each porous packing layer 20. The lower end of the tower 100 is provided with at least three edge supports 9 arranged in a circular array. The uppermost porous concrete slab 15 is connected to the annular water distribution trough 6 through a first central support column 14. Adjacent porous concrete slabs 15 are connected through a second central support column 21. The bottom of the lowermost porous concrete slab 15 is connected to a central support 12 through a third central support column 23, and the bottom surface of the central support 12 is coplanar with the bottom surface of the edge supports 9. The first central support column 14, the second central support column 21, and the third central support column 23 are all arranged coaxially with the tower 100. A packing replacement door 18 is provided at the lower part of each porous packing layer 20 on the tower 100 for easy packing replacement. A maintenance manhole 17 is provided on the upper side of each porous packing layer 20 on the tower 100 for easy maintenance work inside the tower 100. The structural stability of the packed tower 10 is improved by the first central support column 14, the second central support column 21 and the third central support column 23; the support stability of the packed tower 10 is improved by the central support pier 12 and multiple edge supports piers 9.

[0030] The annular water distribution trough 6 includes an annular water distribution trough wall 7 disposed on the outer wall of the upper end of the tower 100, and an annular sawtooth water distribution weir 8 disposed on the upper end face of the tower 100, with the annular sawtooth water distribution weir 8 located inside the annular water distribution trough wall 7. The annular sawtooth water distribution weir 8 cooperates with the annular water distribution trough wall 7, so that the water in the annular water distribution trough 6 flows into the packed tower 10 evenly and orderly from all the tooth roots of the annular sawtooth water distribution weir 8.

[0031] The annular water distribution trough wall 7 includes a water-blocking cylinder 70 and an annular bottom plate 71. The water-blocking cylinder 70 is coaxially arranged with the tower 100, and the annular bottom plate 71 is located at the lower end of the water-blocking cylinder 70 and connected to the outer wall of the tower 100. The annular base plate 71 gradually slopes downwards from the outside to the inside in the radial direction, and the connection line between the annular base plate 71 and the tower 100 is located below the annular sawtooth water distribution weir 8.

[0032] It also includes a circular water distribution channel 13 and multiple square water distribution channels 11. The circular water distribution channel 13 is coaxially arranged with the tower 100 and connected to the upper end of the first central support column 14. One end of each of the multiple square water distribution channels 11 is connected to the circular water distribution channel 13, and the other end extends radially in different directions along the circular water distribution channel 13 and is connected to the annular water distribution channel 6. The addition of the circular water distribution channel 13 and the square water distribution channels 11 can improve the water distribution uniformity of the annular water distribution channel 6. Specifically, the circular water distribution channel 13 and the square water distribution channels 11 work together with the annular sawtooth water distribution weir 8 and the annular water distribution channel wall 7 to make the water in the annular water distribution channel 6 flow into the packed tower 10 more evenly and orderly from all the tooth roots of the annular sawtooth water distribution weir 8.

[0033] The tower-type supersaturated gas rapid release device of the present invention has the following working principle or operation process: Numerous energy dissipation bodies 16 are placed inside the stilling basin energy dissipation pool 1. When the water flow from the dam flows into the stilling basin energy dissipation pool 1, the energy dissipation bodies 16, being four-conical rough-surfaced concrete structures, can significantly increase the contact area with the water flow from the dam, reduce the flow velocity of the water flow from the dam, and mitigate the energy destructive effects of the water flow from the dam, thereby achieving the purpose of dissipating the energy of the water flow from the dam. In addition, they can also significantly increase the contact area with supersaturated gases in the water flow from the dam, and cause the water flow from the dam to form multiple flow regime distribution zones such as turbulence, backflow, and swirling flow in the stilling basin energy dissipation pool 1, thereby accelerating the precipitation and release rate of supersaturated gases in the water.

[0034] After energy dissipation treatment, the water discharged from the dam in the water cushion pond 1 flows into the annular water distribution channel 6 through the water corridor 4. With the assistance of multiple square water distribution channels 11 and circular water distribution channels 13, the water is filled in the entire circumference of the channel formed by the water-blocking cylinder 70, the annular bottom plate 71, the side wall of the tower 100, and the annular sawtooth water distribution weir 8. Then, the water in the channel flows evenly and orderly into the packing tower 10 from all the tooth roots of the annular sawtooth water distribution weir 8.

[0035] As water flows downwards within the packed tower 10, it is subdivided into numerous fine water streams by the gaps between the porous plastic balls 19 in the porous packing layer 20 and the internal channels of the porous plastic balls 19. This significantly prolongs the flow time of the water within the packed tower 10 and greatly increases the contact area between the water and the porous plastic balls 19. Simultaneously, these fine water streams create various complex flow patterns within the packed tower 10, such as turbulence, backflow, and swirling flow, providing extremely favorable hydraulic conditions for the nucleation and precipitation of supersaturated gas. The precipitated gas rises along the gaps between the porous plastic balls 19 and is eventually released into the air. Furthermore, the installation of multiple porous concrete slabs 15 and multiple porous packing layers 20 within the packed tower 10 further enhances the precipitation and release effect of supersaturated gas in the dam's downstream flow.

[0036] This device significantly improves the precipitation and release of supersaturated gases in the downstream water flow of the dam, and reduces the content of supersaturated gases in the downstream water flow. It has important practical significance for the protection of downstream aquatic ecosystems, especially for the sustainable development of fish resources.

Claims

1. A tower type supersaturated gas rapid release device, characterized by: It includes a water cushion pond energy dissipation pool (1) and a packing tower (10). The packing tower (10) is provided with a porous packing layer (20). The top of the packing tower (10) is provided with an annular water distribution channel (6). The annular water distribution channel (6) is connected to the upper part of the water cushion pond energy dissipation pool (1) through a water passage (4). The packed tower (10) includes a tower cylinder (100), which is cylindrical. Several porous concrete plates (15) are spaced apart from bottom to top inside the tower cylinder (100), and each porous concrete plate (15) is provided with a porous packing layer (20). The uppermost porous concrete slab (15) is connected to the annular water distribution trough (6) through the first central support column (14). The upper end of the first central support column (14) is connected to the circular water distribution channel (13), and the circular water distribution channel (13) is arranged coaxially with the tower (100).

2. The tower supersaturated gas quick release device of claim 1, wherein: The water cushion pond energy dissipation pool (1) is provided with multiple energy dissipation bodies (16). The energy dissipation body (16) is a four-cone rough concrete structure, including four concrete cones (160), and the large ends of the four concrete cones (160) are connected together, while the small ends extend in different directions.

3. The tower-type supersaturated gas rapid release device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The water cushion pond energy dissipation pool (1) has a water outlet (3) on the pool wall (2) corresponding to the water passage (4), and the annular water distribution trough (6) has a water inlet hole (5) on the outer wall corresponding to the water passage (4).

4. The tower-type supersaturated gas rapid release device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the porous filler layer (20) on the uppermost porous concrete slab (15) is 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of the distance from the porous concrete slab (15) to the upper end face of the tower (100). The thickness of the porous filler layer (20) on the other porous concrete slabs (15) is 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of the distance between two adjacent porous concrete slabs (15).

5. The tower-type supersaturated gas rapid release device as described in claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The porous filler layer (20) includes multiple porous plastic balls (19) stacked together irregularly, and the density of the porous plastic balls (19) is greater than that of water.

6. The tower supersaturated gas quick release device of claim 1, wherein: The tower (100) is provided with a packing replacement door (18) at the bottom of each porous packing layer (20) and a maintenance manhole (17) at the top of each porous packing layer (20). The lower end of the tower (100) is provided with no less than three edge supports (9) arranged in a circular array. Two adjacent porous concrete slabs (15) are connected by a second central support column (21). The bottom of the lowest porous concrete slab (15) is connected to a central support (12) by a third central support column (23). The bottom surface of the central support (12) is coplanar with the bottom surface of the edge supports (9). The first central support column (14), the second central support column (21) and the third central support column (23) are all arranged coaxially with the tower (100).

7. The tower supersaturated gas quick release device of claim 1, wherein: The annular water distribution trough (6) includes an annular water distribution trough wall (7) on the outer wall of the upper end of the tower (100) and an annular sawtooth water distribution weir (8) on the upper end face of the tower (100), and the annular sawtooth water distribution weir (8) is located inside the annular water distribution trough wall (7).

8. The tower supersaturated gas quick release device of claim 7, wherein: The annular water distribution trough wall (7) includes a water-blocking cylinder (70) and an annular bottom plate (71). The water-blocking cylinder (70) is coaxially arranged with the tower cylinder (100), and the annular bottom plate (71) is located at the lower end of the water-blocking cylinder (70) and connected to the outer wall of the tower cylinder (100). The annular base plate (71) gradually slopes downwards from the outside to the inside in the radial direction, and the connection line between the annular base plate (71) and the tower (100) is located below the annular sawtooth water distribution weir (8).

9. The tower supersaturated gas quick release device of claim 1, wherein: It also includes multiple square water distribution channels (11), one end of which is connected to a circular water distribution channel (13), and the other end extends in different directions along the radial direction of the circular water distribution channel (13) and is connected to an annular water distribution channel (6).

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