An over-saturated solubility gas release device
By introducing water cushion ponds, pipeline-type and diversion weir-type energy dissipation gas release components into the downstream flow of the dam, combined with spiral guide vanes and bladed guide rollers, turbulence and swirling flow are formed, solving the problem of low treatment efficiency in existing technologies, achieving efficient release of supersaturated gas, and protecting the river ecosystem.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA POWER CONSRTUCTION GRP GUIYANG SURVEY & DESIGN INST CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-31
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, the corridor-type rapid release device for supersaturated gas has a limited capacity to handle the flow rate of water discharged from dams, resulting in low treatment efficiency and an inability to effectively avoid the harm of supersaturated gas to the river ecosystem.
The system employs water cushion ponds, pipeline-type and guide weir-type energy dissipation gas release components, combined with spiral guide vanes and bladed guide rollers, to form turbulent and swirling flows, increasing the gas contact area and precipitation rate. It also utilizes torsion energy dissipation bodies to construct porous energy dissipation structures, thereby improving gas release efficiency.
This improves the treatment efficiency of the water flow downstream of the dam, ensures that the concentration of dissolved gases is reduced to the ecological safety threshold, reduces the risk of gas bubble disease in fish, and protects the integrity of the river ecosystem.
Smart Images
Figure CN120759236B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to a device for releasing supersaturated dissolved gases, belonging to the field of water conservancy and hydropower technology. Background Technology
[0002] During the flood discharge of high dam projects, the high-speed water flow generates strong turbulence through energy dissipation, and under negative pressure, it carries a large amount of nitrogen and oxygen gases from the air, resulting in dissolved gas concentrations in the downstream water far exceeding saturation. This supersaturation phenomenon is constrained by factors such as velocity gradients, pressure changes, and temperature stratification during river transport, exhibiting significant temporal and spatial continuity and creating continuous ecological stress on downstream waters. Supersaturated gases can enter the bodies of aquatic organisms through their respiratory systems. When external pressure suddenly decreases, dissolved gases precipitate in the blood and tissue fluid, forming microbubbles. This bubble embolism not only directly damages the gas exchange function of fish gills but also causes systemic circulatory disorders, leading to metabolic disturbances and even death. As a core link in the aquatic food chain, the decline of fish populations will trigger a cascading effect: upper-level predators will sharply decline in number due to food shortages, lower-level decomposers will experience obstructed material cycling due to reduced organic matter input, and aquatic plants will experience decreased photosynthetic efficiency due to the disruption of symbiotic relationships, ultimately causing a holistic degradation of the ecosystem's structure and function.
[0003] To facilitate the rapid release of supersaturated dissolved gases in the downstream flow of a dam, Chinese patent document CN120139161A discloses a corridor-type rapid release device for supersaturated gases. Multiple concentric concrete walls are arranged on the top surface of a concrete base slab, with the gap between adjacent concentric walls forming a corridor area. Multiple water pressure and air pressure breaking components are arranged inside the innermost concentric concrete wall, along with several energy dissipation bodies. Multiple flow-limiting plates are spaced apart inside the corridor area. By employing this structure, multiple flow regime distribution zones, including turbulent flow, backflow, and swirling flow, can be formed, greatly increasing the medium contact area of the supersaturated gases and accelerating their release.
[0004] However, the rapid gas release device uses a corridor-type structure, which results in a very limited flow rate of water discharged from the dam that it can handle per unit time, leading to low processing efficiency. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a device for releasing supersaturated dissolved gases.
[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:
[0007] A supersaturated dissolved gas release device includes a water cushion pond and several energy-dissipating gas release mechanisms, wherein the energy-dissipating gas release mechanisms are all located downstream of the water cushion pond, and the upstream ends of the energy-dissipating gas release mechanisms are connected to the interior of the water cushion pond.
[0008] The energy dissipation gas release mechanism includes a pipeline-type energy dissipation gas release component and a guide weir-type energy dissipation gas release component. The upstream end of the pipeline-type energy dissipation gas release component is connected to the lower part of the downstream sidewall of the water cushion pond, and the guide weir-type energy dissipation gas release component is connected to the downstream end of the pipeline-type energy dissipation gas release component.
[0009] The water cushion pond is equipped with a sinkhole and an energy dissipation pool. The energy dissipation pool is located downstream of the sinkhole, and the upstream side of the energy dissipation pool is connected to the downstream side of the sinkhole. The bottom elevation of the energy dissipation pool is lower than that of the sinkhole, and the top surface of the energy dissipation pool is coplanar with the top surface of the sinkhole.
[0010] The lower part of the sink is equipped with a torsion energy dissipator, and the sink is filled with the torsion energy dissipator.
[0011] The pipeline-type energy dissipation gas release assembly includes an energy dissipation pipe, and multiple spiral guide vanes are spaced apart axially inside the energy dissipation pipe.
[0012] The energy dissipation tube is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, and multiple gas release holes are provided at the top of the energy dissipation tube.
[0013] The energy dissipation tube is equipped with 4 to 6 spiral guide vanes. The angle between the spiral guide vanes and the axial direction of the energy dissipation tube is 15° to 30°, and the pitch is 1.5 to 2 times the diameter of the energy dissipation tube.
[0014] The surface of the spiral guide vane is coated with a duplex stainless steel coating or a tungsten carbide coating.
[0015] The guide weir type energy dissipation gas release component includes a dovetail-shaped guide weir and a bladed guide roller. The small end of the dovetail-shaped guide weir is connected to the downstream end of the pipeline type energy dissipation gas release component, and the bladed guide roller is located inside the dovetail-shaped guide weir near the pipeline type energy dissipation gas release component.
[0016] The bladed guide roller includes a roller body. Both ends of the roller body are installed inside the two side walls of the dovetail-shaped guide weir through rotating bearings. Multiple rows of guide blades are arranged in a circumferential array on the roller body, and adjacent rows of guide blades are staggered in the axial direction of the roller body. When the guide blades rotate to the top of the roller body, multiple rows of guide protrusions and multiple rows of guide holes are alternately arranged on the water-facing surface of the guide blades.
[0017] The flow guide protrusion has a hemispherical structure, and multiple protrusions are provided on the spherical surface of the flow guide protrusion. Multiple rectangular plates are arranged in a circular array on the inner wall of the flow guide hole.
[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:
[0019] 1. The stilling basin is constructed in the area where the dam's discharge flow lands. After the dam's discharge flow lands in the stilling basin, it sequentially passes through the stilling basin, a pipeline-type energy dissipation gas release component, and a guide weir-type energy dissipation gas release component for energy dissipation. Turbulent flow forms within the pipeline and guide weir components, creating conditions for the accumulation and release of supersaturated gases in the water. This facilitates the rapid release of supersaturated gases, ensuring that the concentration of dissolved gases in the dam's discharge flow quickly drops below the ecological safety threshold, effectively mitigating the risk of gas bubble disease in fish and reducing the harm of supersaturated gases to the integrity of the river ecosystem and biodiversity. Because the stilling basin, pipeline-type energy dissipation gas release component, and guide weir-type energy dissipation gas release component are arranged sequentially along the river's flow direction, this device can handle a large flow rate of dam discharge flow per unit time, resulting in high treatment efficiency.
[0020] 2. The water discharged from the dam falls into the drop pool. The water in the drop pool and the torsion energy dissipation body at the bottom of the drop pool buffer and dissipate the energy of the water discharged from the dam, which can significantly reduce the impact damage of high-speed water flow on the drop pool and surrounding concrete structures. The energy dissipation pool is filled with torsion energy dissipation bodies. The spaces and gaps between the torsion energy dissipation bodies create a porous energy dissipation structure. When the water flows through the spaces and gaps between the torsion energy dissipation bodies, it will form a chaotic turbulent flow. This not only dissipates the energy of the water discharged from the dam, but also increases the contact area between supersaturated gas and the torsion energy dissipation bodies, creating favorable conditions for the nucleation and aggregation of supersaturated gas, facilitating the precipitation and release of supersaturated gas.
[0021] 3. When water flows through the energy dissipation pipe, it will form swirling and turbulent flow under the guidance of the spiral guide vanes. The multi-flow coupling effect will break the internal pressure balance of the water body, which can effectively improve the precipitation and release efficiency of supersaturated gas.
[0022] 4. When water flows out of the energy dissipation pipe, it impacts the guide vanes, driving the vaned guide roller to rotate. This rotation alters the water flow pattern, facilitating the release of supersaturated gases from the water. By incorporating guide protrusions and orifices on the guide vanes, and multiple protrusions on the spherical surface of the guide protrusions, the water flow pattern can be further altered, increasing the contact area between the guide vanes and the water, thus accelerating the release rate of supersaturated gases. Furthermore, multiple rectangular plates are installed on the inner wall of the guide orifices. As water flows through these orifices, the rectangular plates cut the water flow, disrupting the internal pressure balance and improving the release efficiency of supersaturated gases. Attached Figure Description
[0023] Figure 1 This is a top view of the structure of the present invention;
[0024] Figure 2 for Figure 1Sectional view along AA;
[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the torsion energy dissipator of the present invention;
[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bladed guide roller of the present invention;
[0027] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The left view;
[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the guide protrusions and bumps of the present invention;
[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the guide hole and the rectangular plate of the present invention.
[0030] In the diagram: 1-Water cushion pond, 100-Water sink, 101-Energy dissipation pool, 2-Twist energy dissipation body, 3-Energy dissipation gas release mechanism, 4-Energy dissipation pipe, 5-Spiral guide vane, 6-Gas release hole, 7-Rotating bearing, 8-Protrusion, 9-Guide roller with blades, 90-Roller body, 91-Guide vane, 10-Dovetail guide weir, 11-Rectangular plate, 12-Guide protrusion, 13-Guide hole, 14-Pipe-type energy dissipation gas release assembly, 15-Guide weir-type energy dissipation gas release assembly. Detailed Implementation
[0031] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but the scope of protection is not limited to what is described.
[0032] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the supersaturated dissolved gas release device of the present invention includes a water cushion pond 1 and a plurality of energy-dissipating gas release mechanisms 3. The plurality of energy-dissipating gas release mechanisms 3 are all located downstream of the water cushion pond 1, and the upstream end of the energy-dissipating gas release mechanism 3 is connected to the interior of the water cushion pond 1.
[0033] The energy-dissipating gas release mechanism 3 includes a pipeline-type energy-dissipating gas release component 14 and a guide weir-type energy-dissipating gas release component 15. The upstream end of the pipeline-type energy-dissipating gas release component 14 is connected to the lower part of the downstream sidewall of the water cushion pond 1, and the guide weir-type energy-dissipating gas release component 15 is connected to the downstream end of the pipeline-type energy-dissipating gas release component 14. The water cushion pond 1 is built in the area where the water flow from the dam falls. After the water flow from the dam falls into the water cushion pond 1, it is dissipated in sequence through the water cushion pond 1, the pipeline-type energy-dissipating gas release component 14, and the guide weir-type energy-dissipating gas release component 15. Turbulent flow is formed in the pipeline-type energy-dissipating gas release component 14 and the guide weir-type energy-dissipating gas release component 15, creating conditions for the nucleation and aggregation of supersaturated gases in the water body. This facilitates the rapid precipitation and release of supersaturated gases, ensuring that the concentration of dissolved gases in the water flow from the dam drops rapidly to below the ecological safety threshold, effectively avoiding the risk of fish gas bubble disease, and mitigating the harm of supersaturated gases to the integrity of the river ecosystem and biodiversity. Since the water cushion pond 1, the pipeline-type energy dissipation gas release component 14 and the diversion weir-type energy dissipation gas release component 15 are arranged sequentially along the direction of river flow, this device can handle a large flow rate of water discharged from the dam per unit time, and has high treatment efficiency.
[0034] The water cushion pond 1 is provided with a sinkhole 100 and an energy dissipation pond 101. The energy dissipation pond 101 is located downstream of the sinkhole 100, and the upstream side of the energy dissipation pond 101 is connected to the downstream side of the sinkhole 100. The bottom plate elevation of the energy dissipation pond 101 is lower than the bottom plate elevation of the sinkhole 100, and the top surface of the energy dissipation pond 101 is coplanar with the top surface of the sinkhole 100.
[0035] A torsion energy dissipation body 2 is placed at the lower part of the discharge pool 100, and the discharge pool 101 is filled with the torsion energy dissipation body 2. The water discharged from the dam flows into the discharge pool 100. The water in the discharge pool 100 and the torsion energy dissipation body 2 at the lower part of the discharge pool 100 buffer and dissipate the energy of the water discharged from the dam, which can significantly reduce the impact damage of high-speed water flow on the discharge pool 100 and the surrounding concrete structure. The energy dissipation pool 101 is filled with torsion energy dissipation bodies 2. The space and gaps between the torsion energy dissipation bodies 2 form a porous energy dissipation structure. When the water flows in the space and gaps between the torsion energy dissipation bodies 2, it will form a chaotic turbulent flow. This not only realizes the energy dissipation of the water discharged from the dam, but also increases the contact area between supersaturated gas and the torsion energy dissipation body 2, creating favorable conditions for the nucleation and coalescence of supersaturated gas, and facilitating the precipitation and release of supersaturated gas.
[0036] The pipeline-type energy dissipation gas release assembly 14 includes an energy dissipation pipe 4, and multiple spiral guide vanes 5 are spaced apart axially inside the energy dissipation pipe 4.
[0037] The energy dissipation pipe 4 is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), and multiple gas release holes 6 are provided at the top of the energy dissipation pipe 4. The UHMWPE pipe 4 has a relatively smooth inner wall, reducing its coefficient of friction. The gas release holes 6 at the top of the energy dissipation pipe 4 facilitate the escape and release of gas, thereby reducing the content of supersaturated gas in the water.
[0038] The energy dissipation pipe 4 is equipped with 4 to 6 spiral guide vanes 5. The angle between the spiral guide vanes 5 and the axis of the energy dissipation pipe 4 is 15° to 30°, and the pitch is 1.5 to 2 times the diameter of the energy dissipation pipe 4. Controlling the angle between the spiral guide vanes 5 and the axis of the energy dissipation pipe 4 to 15° to 30° is crucial; too large an angle will lead to a surge in resistance, while too small an angle will result in insufficient centrifugal effect. The use of 4 to 6 spiral guide vanes 5 with a pitch of 1.5 to 2 times the diameter of the energy dissipation pipe 4 ensures uniform rotation of the water flow field within the energy dissipation pipe 4.
[0039] The surface of the spiral guide vane 5 is coated with a duplex stainless steel coating or a tungsten carbide coating to ensure that the spiral guide vane 5 can withstand the impact of high-speed sand-containing water flow.
[0040] When water flows through the energy dissipation pipe 4, it will form swirling and turbulent flow under the guidance of the spiral guide vanes 5. The multi-flow coupling effect will break the internal pressure balance of the water body, which can effectively improve the precipitation and release efficiency of supersaturated gas.
[0041] The guide weir type energy dissipation gas release component 15 includes a dovetail-shaped guide weir 10 and a bladed guide roller 9. The small end of the dovetail-shaped guide weir 10 is connected to the downstream end of the pipeline type energy dissipation gas release component 14, and the bladed guide roller 9 is located inside the dovetail-shaped guide weir 10 near the pipeline type energy dissipation gas release component 14.
[0042] The bladed guide roller 9 includes a roller body 90. Both ends of the roller body 90 are mounted to the side walls of the dovetail-shaped guide weir 10 via rotating bearings 7. Multiple rows of guide blades 91 are arranged in a circumferential array on the roller body 90, with adjacent rows of guide blades 91 staggered axially. When the guide blades 91 rotate to the top of the roller body 90, multiple rows of guide protrusions 12 and multiple rows of guide holes 13 are alternately arranged on the water-facing surface of the guide blades 91. When water flows out from the energy dissipation pipe 4, it impacts the guide blades 91, thereby driving the bladed guide roller 9 to rotate. The rotation of the bladed guide roller 9 changes the water flow pattern, which is beneficial for the precipitation of supersaturated gases in the water. The guide protrusions 12 and guide holes 13 on the guide blades 91 further change the water flow pattern and increase the contact area between the guide blades 91 and the water, thereby accelerating the precipitation rate of supersaturated gases in the water.
[0043] The flow-guiding protrusion 12 has a hemispherical structure, and multiple protrusions 8 are provided on the spherical surface of the flow-guiding protrusion 12. Multiple rectangular plates 11 are arranged in a circumferential array on the inner wall of the flow-guiding hole 13. The multiple protrusions 8 on the spherical surface of the flow-guiding protrusion 12 further increase the contact area between the flow-guiding protrusion 12 and the water. The rectangular plates 11 on the inner wall of the flow-guiding hole 13 have a cutting effect on the water flow when it flows through the flow-guiding hole 13, which helps to break the internal pressure balance of the water and improve the efficiency of supersaturated gas precipitation and release.
Claims
1. A supersaturated solubility gas release device characterized by: It includes a water cushion pond (1) and several energy dissipation gas release mechanisms (3), wherein the several energy dissipation gas release mechanisms (3) are all located downstream of the water cushion pond (1), and the upstream end of the energy dissipation gas release mechanism (3) is connected to the interior of the water cushion pond (1); The energy dissipation gas release mechanism (3) includes a pipeline energy dissipation gas release component (14) and a guide weir energy dissipation gas release component (15). The upstream end of the pipeline energy dissipation gas release component (14) is connected to the lower part of the downstream side wall of the water cushion pond (1), and the guide weir energy dissipation gas release component (15) is connected to the downstream end of the pipeline energy dissipation gas release component (14). The pipeline-type energy dissipation gas release assembly (14) includes an energy dissipation pipe (4), and multiple spiral guide vanes (5) are spaced apart axially inside the energy dissipation pipe (4). The guide weir type energy dissipation gas release component (15) includes a dovetail guide weir (10) and a bladed guide roller (9). The small end of the dovetail guide weir (10) is connected to the downstream end of the pipeline type energy dissipation gas release component (14). The bladed guide roller (9) is located inside the dovetail guide weir (10) near the pipeline type energy dissipation gas release component (14). The bladed guide roller (9) includes a roller body (90). The two ends of the roller body (90) are installed inside the two side walls of the dovetail-shaped guide weir (10) through rotating bearings (7). Multiple rows of guide blades (91) are arranged in a circumferential array on the roller body (90), and adjacent rows of guide blades (91) are staggered in the axial direction of the roller body (90). When the guide blades (91) rotate to the top of the roller body (90), multiple rows of guide protrusions (12) and multiple rows of guide holes (13) are alternately arranged on the water-facing surface of the guide blades (91).
2. The supersaturated dissolved gas release device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The water cushion pond (1) is provided with a sinkhole (100) and an energy dissipation pond (101). The energy dissipation pond (101) is located downstream of the sinkhole (100), and the upstream side of the energy dissipation pond (101) is connected to the downstream side of the sinkhole (100). The bottom plate elevation of the energy dissipation pond (101) is lower than the bottom plate elevation of the sinkhole (100), and the top surface of the energy dissipation pond (101) is coplanar with the top surface of the sinkhole (100).
3. The supersaturated soluble gas release device of claim 2, wherein: The lower part of the sink (100) is provided with a torsion energy dissipator (2), and the sink (101) is filled with the torsion energy dissipator (2).
4. The supersaturated soluble gas release device of claim 1, wherein: The energy dissipation pipe (4) is an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene pipe, and the top of the energy dissipation pipe (4) is provided with multiple gas release holes (6).
5. The supersaturated soluble gas release device of claim 1, wherein: The energy dissipation tube (4) is provided with 4 to 6 spiral guide vanes (5), the spiral guide vanes (5) and the axial direction of the energy dissipation tube (4) are 15° to 30°, and the pitch is 1.5 to 2 times the diameter of the energy dissipation tube (4).
6. The supersaturated soluble gas release device of claim 1, wherein: The surface of the spiral guide vane (5) is provided with a duplex stainless steel coating or a tungsten carbide coating.
7. The supersaturated soluble gas release device of claim 1, wherein: The flow guide protrusion (12) is a hemispherical structure, and multiple protrusions (8) are provided on the spherical surface of the flow guide protrusion (12); multiple rectangular plates (11) are arranged in a circular array on the inner wall of the flow guide hole (13).