Deeply buried high ground stress tunnel smooth blasting construction device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of deep-buried high ground stress tunnel smooth blasting construction device and method, it is related to tunnel blasting technical field, including rack, driving element and moving assembly are installed on the rack, the output end of the driving element is installed with slag removal assembly and drill bit, the drill bit is used to break rock and form blast hole, the slag removal assembly includes several screw transmission assemblies, two groups of push plate are equipped on the screw transmission assembly, the screw transmission assembly is used to drive two groups of push plate synchronous movement to opposite direction, the push plate close to the drill bit is opened with several openings, and the opening side wall is unidirectionally hinged with baffle, and the hinge of the opening side wall and the baffle is equipped with torsion spring, the push plate is used to collect rock debris in the blast hole, the driving element is used to drive the drill bit and the screw transmission assembly bidirectional rotation, to reduce the construction cost of existing slag removal scheme while reducing the influence on construction personnel and environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel blasting technology, and in particular to a smooth blasting construction device and method for deep-buried high-stress tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel engineering, as a crucial component of modern transportation networks and underground space development, directly impacts the economic and social benefits of its construction quality and efficiency. In hard rock tunnel construction, the drill-and-blast method remains the primary excavation method due to its strong adaptability and relatively low cost. However, traditional blasting construction has long faced technical challenges such as insufficient precision in over-excavation control and significant hazards from blasting vibrations. These problems are particularly pronounced in complex geological conditions and multi-faceted construction scenarios.

[0003] Currently, tunnel blasting design mainly relies on engineers' experience or simplified theoretical formulas, lacking scientific and systematic design methods. Experience-based designs are often based on limited engineering case studies and are ill-suited to the ever-changing geological environments. This is particularly true in deep-buried, long tunnel projects like the Tianshan Victory Tunnel, where surrounding rock conditions vary significantly along the tunnel's longitudinal direction. Traditional methods struggle to adjust blasting parameters in a timely manner, leading to large fluctuations in over-excavation (generally between 15-30 cm). This not only increases the amount of concrete backfill (with over-excavation backfill costs reaching several thousand yuan per linear meter) but also severely impacts the quality of initial support construction. More seriously, excessive over-excavation can alter the stress distribution of the surrounding rock, inducing localized collapses and other safety accidents. Existing over-excavation prediction methods mostly employ statistical regression models, failing to fully consider the nonlinear coupling relationships between various blasting parameters, resulting in limited prediction accuracy (with errors generally exceeding 20%), which cannot meet the requirements of refined construction.

[0004] Meanwhile, as tunnel engineering develops towards "longer, larger, and deeper" tunnels, simultaneous excavation from multiple working faces has become an inevitable choice for improving construction efficiency. However, this construction organization method brings new technical challenges: the vibration waves generated by blasting at each working face superimpose, creating complex dynamic effects on adjacent excavated sections and the working face under construction. Traditional blasting vibration control mainly relies on Sadovsky's empirical formula, considering only a few factors such as blasting distance and charge quantity, neglecting the influence of key factors such as the mechanical properties of the surrounding rock, geological structure, and the superposition effect of multi-source vibrations. This leads to significant deviations between vibration prediction results and actual conditions (errors can reach 30-50%). This inaccuracy in prediction forces engineers to adopt conservative safety thresholds, which may result in cost waste due to over-protection and underestimation of vibration hazards in special circumstances, endangering construction safety.

[0005] Meanwhile, during tunnel blasting, after the blasting plan is formulated, the process of creating blast holes for loading explosives is crucial. The residual rock debris in the holes may form an isolation layer or block the blast holes during subsequent loading, hindering the smooth loading of explosives into the designed positions or affecting their coupling effect with the hole wall. This can lead to uneven or discontinuous explosive density or "blockage" of explosives, which will seriously affect the uniformity of blasting energy transfer and blasting effect. Ultimately, it may result in adverse consequences such as uneven tunnel contours, severe over-excavation and under-excavation, and aggravated damage to the surrounding rock after blasting, threatening construction safety and quality.

[0006] Currently, the commonly used muck removal methods are mainly compressed air blowing (dry muck removal) and high-pressure water flushing (wet muck removal). However, both of these mainstream methods have significant drawbacks. Although compressed air blowing is relatively simple, the high-speed airflow carrying rock cuttings out of the orifice generates a large amount of dust, which deteriorates the working environment, poses a serious threat to workers' health (such as the risk of silicosis), and pollutes the air inside the tunnel. High-pressure water flushing is superior to dry muck removal in terms of muck removal efficiency and dust suppression, but it consumes a huge amount of water. In water-scarce areas or in the construction of deep-buried tunnels, water resources are difficult to supply and the cost is high. The muddy rock cutting wastewater generated requires a special collection, sedimentation, and treatment system, which increases the complexity and cost of equipment investment, site occupation, and environmental treatment. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for smooth blasting construction of deep-buried high-stress tunnels to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0008] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0009] A method for smooth blasting construction of deep-buried high-stress tunnels includes a frame, on which a drive unit and a moving component are mounted. The output end of the drive unit is equipped with a slag discharge component and a drill bit. The moving component is used to adjust the position of the drill bit, which is used to break rocks to form blast holes. The slag discharge component includes several helical drive components, each equipped with two sets of push plates. The helical drive components drive the two sets of push plates to move synchronously in opposite directions. Several openings are formed on the push plates near the drill bit, and each opening has a baffle hinged to its sidewall in one direction. A torsion spring is fitted at the hinge point between the opening sidewall and the baffle. The push plates collect rock debris from the blast holes. The drive unit drives the drill bit and the helical drive components to rotate bidirectionally.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0011] This solution utilizes a slag removal component with a pusher plate to isolate rock fragments from the drill bit during drilling, reducing the impact of rock debris on the drill bit's operation. Compared to existing slag removal solutions, this solution generates less dust and has less impact on construction personnel and on-site equipment. Furthermore, compared to wet slag removal solutions, this solution eliminates the need for facilities such as settling tanks, resulting in lower construction costs.

[0012] Furthermore, each of the screw drive components includes a screw, on which two sets of nuts are detachably connected by threads, and the threads of the two sets of nuts are in opposite directions. Each nut is rotatably connected to an adjacent push plate.

[0013] Beneficial effects: This solution selects a screw as the helical drive component. Compared with the traditional solution that uses lead screws for transmission, this solution has a lower cost. In addition, since a lot of dust will be generated inside the blast hole during construction, the dust can easily affect the function of the helical drive component. Using a screw for transmission can meet the transmission requirements of this solution while reducing the cost of maintenance and replacement of the device during use.

[0014] Furthermore, the screw is provided with a clutch assembly, which is used to change the torque transmitted from the drive member to the nut.

[0015] Beneficial effects: The design of the clutch assembly in this solution allows operators to adjust the movement of the push plate during construction by adjusting the opening and closing of the clutch assembly. Compared with existing technologies, this solution has higher applicability.

[0016] Furthermore, a retaining ring is provided on the side wall of the push plate near the drill bit, and electromagnets are provided on both the baffle and the side wall of the opening. The electromagnets are used to prevent the baffle from rotating.

[0017] Beneficial effects: Through the design of the retaining ring and electromagnet, this solution still has a certain ability to avoid rock fragments from affecting the health of construction workers in the early stages of drilling.

[0018] Furthermore, the screw drive is equipped with a differential transmission assembly, which is used to adjust the speed difference between the screw and the drive component.

[0019] Beneficial effects: Since the drill bit usually rotates at a high speed during operation, this solution uses a differential speed sensor to reduce the screw rotation speed. Compared with existing technologies, this solution can effectively reduce the damage that may be caused by the high-speed rotation of the screw and improve the screw's lifespan.

[0020] Furthermore, a chamber is formed in the push plate near the drill bit. Several cooling holes are formed on the side wall of the chamber near the drill bit. The chamber is connected to a cooling assembly. A solenoid valve is provided at the connection between the chamber and the cooling assembly. Cooling fluid is provided in the cooling assembly. The cooling assembly is used to transport the cooling fluid to the drill bit through the chamber.

[0021] Beneficial effects: This solution, through the design of the cooling components, pumps cooling fluid to the drill bit during operation to reduce the temperature of the drill bit. Compared with the prior art, in this solution, the cooling fluid can act on different positions of the drill bit and drill rod as the chamber moves, so that the cooling fluid can cool the drill bit and drill rod evenly and avoid damage to the drill bit caused by uneven cooling.

[0022] Furthermore, the cooling fluid is cooling water.

[0023] Beneficial effects: This solution uses cooling water as the cooling fluid, which generates less dust compared to solutions using high-pressure air for cooling, and has less impact on the operation of the screw drive components compared to solutions using mud or similar materials.

[0024] Furthermore, a one-way valve is provided at the connection between the chamber and the water storage component, as well as on the side wall of the cooling hole, and an elastic element is provided on the push plate near the drill bit, the elastic element being used to change the volume of the chamber.

[0025] Beneficial effects: In this solution, the design of the elastic element and the influence of rock fragments on the elastic element during the pushing process can, to a certain extent, change the flow rate of the cooling fluid pumped from the hole to adapt to different application scenarios.

[0026] Furthermore, the mobile component includes a tracked chassis and a carriage. A diesel engine is mounted on the tracked chassis and is fixedly connected to the frame. A hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the carriage and is fixedly connected to the frame. The output end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the carriage.

[0027] Beneficial effects: The tracked chassis and diesel engine combination used in this solution can be fully adapted to the complex terrain conditions inside the tunnel compared with the existing technology, reducing the risk of slippage or getting stuck during the movement of the equipment, and eliminating the need for long-distance cable laying, thus reducing the initial investment of the project.

[0028] Furthermore, the driving component is a hydraulic motor, which is used to drive the drill bit and the helical transmission assembly to rotate bidirectionally.

[0029] Beneficial effects: Compared to existing technologies, this solution utilizes a hydraulic motor to drive the drill bit and auger drive assembly. Leveraging the hydraulic motor's ability to provide extremely high torque output in a small size and weight, this device can adapt to the working environment of narrow tunnels. Furthermore, the hydraulic motor's low-speed, high-torque characteristics (maintaining stable torque even at extremely low speeds) perfectly match the high resistance requirements of the drill bit when breaking through hard rock formations, further reducing the risk of stuck drill bits or stalling.

[0030] Furthermore, a method for smooth blasting construction of deep-buried high-stress tunnels is based on the above-mentioned smooth blasting construction device for deep-buried high-stress tunnels. S1: Obtain historical tunnel parameters, use a neural network algorithm to construct the correlation between historical parameters and tunnel over-excavation, and construct an over-excavation prediction model based on the correlation.

[0031] S2: Obtain the tunnel parameters and blasting plan of the construction tunnel, and use the over-excavation prediction model to predict the over-excavation of the construction tunnel, obtain the predicted over-excavation, and adjust the blasting plan according to the predicted over-excavation.

[0032] S3: Lay out the tunnel face according to the blasting plan, control the drive unit to work, drill holes at the laying positions using the drill bit to form blast holes, and then fill the blast holes with explosives according to the blasting plan. After the explosives are installed, detonate them to complete the blasting of the tunnel.

[0033] Beneficial effects: This invention uses an over-excavation prediction model to predict potential over-excavation during blasting, thereby adjusting the blasting scheme and achieving intelligent design of blasting schemes under different geological conditions. Compared with existing technologies, this scheme has stronger adaptability and generalization ability. The acquired data can be quickly transferred and applied to new projects with different geological conditions through model establishment.

[0034] Furthermore, the tunnel parameters include the number of delays, borehole length, borehole resistance line, borehole spacing, explosive consumption per unit, and surrounding rock grade.

[0035] Beneficial effects: By setting various tunnel parameters and leveraging the synergistic effect between them, this solution helps users achieve a more refined balance between quality and cost.

[0036] Furthermore, in S1, the tunnel parameters also include blasting distance and blasting charge amount, and the correlation between blasting distance, surrounding rock grade, blasting charge amount and tunnel face vibration velocity is obtained, and a vibration prediction model is constructed based on the correlation. In S2, after obtaining the tunnel parameters and blasting scheme of the construction tunnel, vibration prediction is performed based on the vibration prediction model, and the blasting scheme is adjusted based on the vibration prediction model.

[0037] Beneficial effects: This solution obtains a vibration prediction model and uses it to predict the vibrations that may exist at various locations during the blasting process. When facing blasting operations on multiple working faces, this solution can help users judge the safety of simultaneous construction and take corresponding measures to reduce the damage to the primary support and secondary lining caused by the superposition of vibrations when multiple working faces are under construction.

[0038] Furthermore, in S3, after detonating a set of explosives, the over-excavation and under-excavation amounts are measured and recorded, and the over-excavation prediction model is corrected based on tunnel parameters, over-excavation and under-excavation amounts, and the implemented blasting scheme.

[0039] Beneficial effects: This solution combines monitoring data obtained during construction to update the over-excavation prediction model in real time, making the over-excavation model more closely match the actual construction environment, thereby improving the accuracy of the subsequent output of predicted over-excavation.

[0040] Furthermore, in S3, after detonating a set of explosives, the vibration data of the tunnel is recorded, and the vibration prediction model is corrected using the vibration data, tunnel parameters, and the implemented blasting scheme.

[0041] Beneficial effects: This scheme obtains vibration data from various locations in the tunnel during blasting and then corrects and adjusts the blasting prediction model to improve the accuracy of the data output by the prediction model during subsequent construction. Attached Figure Description

[0042] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0043] Figure 1 This is a front view of the drill bit portion of the drilling device in this invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a top view of the drill bit portion of the drilling device in this invention;

[0045] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view along the AA direction;

[0046] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view along the middle BB direction

[0047] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention.

[0048] The reference numerals in the attached figures represent: 1. Drill pipe; 2. Differential transmission assembly; 21. First gear; 22. Second gear; 23. Planetary gear; 231. Sun gear; 232. Planet carrier; 233. Planetary gear; 234. Internal gear; 3. Clutch assembly; 4. Slag removal assembly; 41. Screw; 411. Nut; 42. Push plate; 421. Retaining ring; 422. Baffle; 423. Cooling hole; 424. Elastic element; 5. Drill bit. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. It should be noted that this invention is already in the actual research and development stage.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] As attached Figure 1 To be continued Figure 4As shown, a smooth blasting construction device for deep-buried high-stress tunnels includes a frame. A drive unit and a moving assembly (not shown) are mounted on the frame. In this design, the drive unit is a hydraulic motor. The moving assembly includes a tracked chassis and a slide. A diesel engine is mounted on the tracked chassis and is bolted to the frame. A hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the slide and bolted to the frame. The output end of the hydraulic cylinder is bolted to the slide. A slag discharge assembly 4 and a drill bit 5 are mounted on the output end of the drive unit. The drill bit 5 is used to break rocks to form blast holes. Both the slag discharge assembly 4 and the drill bit 5 are mounted on the slide. The slag discharge assembly 4 includes several screw drive components, each equipped with two sets of push plates 42. Each screw drive component drives the two sets of push plates 42 to move synchronously in opposite directions. Each screw drive component includes several screws 41, each screw 41 having two sets of nuts 411 detachably connected to it via threads. In this embodiment, each nut 411 has an elastic locking ring, and the threaded end of the screw 41 has a groove. The elastic locking ring locks the nut 411 when it moves to the groove at the threaded end, preventing the nut 411 from falling off the screw 41. The threads of the two sets of nuts 411... Conversely, each nut 411 is rotatably connected to an adjacent push plate 42. Several openings are formed on the push plate 42 near the drill bit 5, and each opening sidewall is unidirectionally hinged with a baffle 422. A torsion spring is fitted at the hinge point between the opening sidewall and the baffle 422. One end of the torsion spring is welded to the baffle 422, and the other end is welded to the opening sidewall. The push plate 42 is used to collect rock debris within the borehole. The driving component is used to drive the drill bit 5 and the screw 41 to rotate. The driving component includes a hydraulic motor, and the output end of the hydraulic motor is coaxially and fixedly connected to the drill rod 1 via a spline. Rod 1 is coaxially welded and fixed to drill bit 5. The screw 41 is equipped with a differential transmission assembly 2, which is used to adjust the speed difference between the screw 41 and the drive component. The differential transmission structure includes a first gear 21, which is coaxially fixed to drill rod 1 and meshes with a second gear 22. A planetary gear 23 is provided on the side of the second gear 22, and the second gear 22 is coaxially welded and fixed to the sun gear 231 of the planetary gear 23. The planet carrier 232 of the planetary gear 23 is coaxially welded and fixed to the screw 41, and the internal gear 234 of the planetary gear 23 is welded and fixed to the frame.

[0052] The screw 41 is provided with a clutch assembly 3. In this embodiment, the clutch assembly 3 is a friction clutch. The clutch assembly 3 is coaxially welded and fixed to the screw 41. The clutch assembly 3 is used to change the torque transmitted from the driving component to the nut 411. A retaining ring 421 is provided on the side wall of the push plate 42 near the drill bit 5. Electromagnets are embedded in the side wall of the baffle 422 and the opening. The electromagnets are used to prevent the baffle 422 from rotating.

[0053] The specific implementation method is as follows: When drilling using this solution, the dimensions of the drill bit 5 and the push plate 42 away from the drill bit 5 are adjusted according to the size of the borehole, so that the outer side wall of the push plate 42 can contact the side wall of the blast hole to be formed later. After the line is laid out, the hydraulic rod drives the rotating arm to move, thereby driving the drill bit 5 to the drilling position, and making the drill rod 1 parallel to the angle required for drilling. Then, the hydraulic motor is started, and the hydraulic motor drives the drill rod 1 to rotate. The drill rod 1 drives the drill bit 5 to work, breaking the rock and gradually forming the blast hole.

[0054] In the initial stage of borehole formation, since the push plate 42 has not yet fully entered the borehole, the operator activates the electromagnet to prevent the baffle 422 from rotating, thereby closing the opening.

[0055] Simultaneously, as the hydraulic motor drives the drill rod 1 to rotate, the drill rod 1 transmits torque to the screw 41 through the first gear 21 and the second gear 22. As the screw 41 rotates, the two sets of nuts 411 move in opposite directions. The nut 411 closer to the drill bit 5 drives the push plate 42 towards the drill bit 5. At this time, the operator continuously observes the positional relationship between the retaining ring 421 and the drilling face. When the retaining ring 421 approaches the drilling face, the clutch assembly 3 separates the portion of the screw 41 near the second gear 22 from the portion near the drill bit 5, preventing torque transmission to the nut 411, thus stopping the push plate 42 from working. The retaining ring 421 and the push plate 42 reduce the amount of rock debris and other flying debris during drilling, minimizing the risk of injury to the operator or accidents.

[0056] As drilling progresses, the two push plates 42 gradually enter the borehole. At this point, the operator can cut off the power to the electromagnet and re-engage the two parts of the screw 41 through the clutch assembly 3. The drill rod 1 then drives the screw 41 to rotate again through the first gear 21 and the second gear 22. The screw 41 then drives the two nuts 411 to move in opposite directions. When the push plate 42 closest to the drill bit 5 moves towards the drill bit 5, rock fragments in the borehole push the push plate 422 to rotate and enter between the two push plates 42. During the drilling process, to improve rock breaking efficiency, alternating forward and reverse rotation is often used. After alternating forward and reverse rotation, the drill rod 1 drives the screw 41 to rotate in the opposite direction through the first gear 21 and the second gear 22. At this time, the two nuts 411 drive the push plates 42 to move closer to each other. The two push plates 42 push the accumulation of rock fragments, etc. When the drill rod 1 alternates forward and reverse rotation again, the push plates 42 move towards the drill bit 5 again to collect the rock fragments around the drill bit 5, reducing the impact of rock fragments on the operation of the drill bit 5 during drilling.

[0057] Meanwhile, during the reciprocating motion of the push plate 42, the push plate 42 drives the gas flow inside the borehole. The gas carries some of the dust near the drill bit 5 away from the drill bit 5, thereby reducing the damage of the dust to the drill bit 5. During the movement of the push plate 42, it can scrape the borehole wall, helping to remove any rocks that may peel off. During the reciprocating motion, it collects this part of the rock between the two push plates 42, thereby reducing the possibility of the borehole wall rocks falling off and burying the drill bit 5 when the operator removes the drill bit 5 after drilling is completed.

[0058] After drilling is completed, the operator can wait for the dust between the push plates 42 to settle under gravity, and then slowly remove the drill bit 5 while collecting the dust and rock fragments between the push plates 42.

[0059] In the above process, the drill rod 1 transmits torque to the sun gear 231 of the planetary gear 23 through the first gear 21 and the second gear 22, and then to the planet carrier 232 via the planetary gear 233. As a result, the rotational speed of the screw 41 is much lower than that of the drill rod 1, thereby avoiding the drill rod 1 from driving the screw 41 to move at high speed, which would increase the wear of the screw 41 and nut 411 and shorten their service life.

[0060] Compared to existing technologies, this solution, through the design of the pusher plate 42, collects rock fragments inside the borehole during drilling, reducing the impact of rock fragments on the drill bit 5. Furthermore, during construction under high ground stress conditions, rock spalling or ejection may occur due to stress release during drilling. When this happens inside the borehole, the pusher plate 42 prevents ejected rock fragments from directly exiting the borehole, thus avoiding injury to personnel and machinery. In addition, the rock fragment collection method using the pusher plate 42 in this solution, compared to the traditional method of using high-pressure gas for slag removal and simultaneous slag removal with the drill rod 1, generates significantly less dust during slag removal, resulting in less damage to equipment and personnel inside the tunnel. The slag removal process also has less impact on drilling speed. Moreover, compared to slag removal methods using mud, this solution is not limited by seasons and does not require subsequent mud treatment, significantly reducing construction costs.

[0061] Compared to using a lead screw, this solution has a lower cost. During the drilling process, dust is generated inside the borehole, especially hard particles such as sand and gravel. Dust can easily affect the transmission structure and inevitably shorten its service life. The replacement and maintenance cost of using a screw 41 is much lower than that of a lead screw, and the screw 41 can still maintain a certain working capacity even after dust intrusion.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] The difference from the above embodiment is that: a chamber is formed in the push plate 42 near the drill bit 5, and a plurality of cooling holes 423 are formed on the side wall of the chamber near the drill bit 5. The chamber is connected to a cooling assembly, and the cooling assembly contains cooling fluid. The cooling assembly is used to transport the cooling fluid to the drill bit 5 through the chamber. In this embodiment, the cooling assembly includes a storage chamber, which is set on the frame. The storage chamber is connected to a water pump. The input end of the water pump is connected to the storage chamber, and the output end of the water pump is connected to the chamber. The storage chamber is connected to the chamber, and a solenoid valve is provided at the connection between the storage chamber and the chamber. In this embodiment, the cooling fluid is cooling water.

[0064] One-way valves are provided at the connection between the chamber and the storage chamber and on the side wall of the cold zone hole. An elastic element 424 is provided on the push plate 42 near the drill bit 5. The elastic element 424 is used to change the volume of the chamber.

[0065] The specific implementation method is as follows: During the use of this solution, the operator selects a suitable cooling fluid according to the construction environment. For example, cooling gas is selected in low-temperature environments, and liquids such as water are selected when facing harder rock layers. When using gaseous cooling fluid, the cooling air duct is directly connected to the storage chamber. When the drill bit 5 is working, the solenoid valve is opened, so that the cooling fluid acts directly on the drill bit 5. During this process, due to the continuous reciprocating motion of the push plate 42, the cooling fluid can act on different positions of the drill bit 5 and the drill rod 1, helping to uniformly cool down all positions of the drill bit 5 and the drill rod 1, reducing the occurrence of local overheating or uneven thermal stress distribution in the drill bit 5 and the drill rod 1. This reduces uneven wear of the drill bit 5 caused by local overheating or uneven thermal stress distribution, improves the life of the drill bit 5, and ensures construction safety.

[0066] When liquid is selected as the cooling fluid, the cooling fluid is injected into the storage chamber before drilling. When the drill bit 5 is working, the water pump is started to apply the cooling fluid to the drill bit 5 to cool it. At the same time, the cooling fluid can also play a certain role in dust reduction and shorten the waiting time required after drilling is completed.

[0067] During this process, due to the design of the elastic element 424, as the push plate 42 reciprocates, the rock fragments in the borehole push the elastic element 424 to deform, causing the chamber volume to shrink. At the same time, due to the action of the one-way valve, the cooling liquid is discharged from the chamber through the hole. Subsequently, the push plate 42 moves in the opposite direction, the squeezing effect of the rock fragments on the elastic element 424 is released, the elastic element 424 is reset, the chamber volume is restored, the chamber pressure drops, and under the action of air pressure, the cooling fluid in the storage chamber enters the chamber.

[0068] In the aforementioned process, when facing rock fragments of varying hardness and adhesion, compared to rock fragments with lower hardness or weaker viscosity, the elastic element 424 experiences more intense deformation when contacting rock fragments with higher viscosity or harder hardness adhering to the borehole sidewall. This causes the chamber volume to shrink, significantly increasing the flow rate of the cooling fluid at the cooling hole 423. Consequently, the volume of cooling fluid in contact with the drill bit 5 and the rock fragments per unit time increases, enhancing the cooling capacity of the drill bit 5. Simultaneously, when facing high-hardness and high-viscosity rock formations, the drill bit 5 generates more heat during operation; increasing the flow rate of the cooling fluid further improves the cooling effect on the drill bit 5. Conversely, when facing low-hardness or low-viscosity rock formations, the drill bit 5 generates less heat, resulting in a decrease in the cooling fluid flow rate and achieving energy savings.

[0069] Compared with existing technologies, this solution can adjust the flow rate of cooling fluid according to the characteristics of rock strata, ensuring the cooling effect while reducing the waste of cooling fluid during operation. Moreover, no sensors are required in the above process, effectively reducing the manufacturing cost of the equipment.

[0070] Meanwhile, when the vibrations generated by the drive components and drill bit 5 during operation are transmitted into the borehole, the elastic element 424 can absorb the vibrations through its own elastic deformation, reducing the resonance of the vibrations in the borehole and affecting the stability of the borehole.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] As attached Figure 5 As shown, a method for smooth blasting construction of deep-buried high-stress tunnels is based on the aforementioned smooth blasting construction device for deep-buried high-stress tunnels. This embodiment includes:

[0073] S1: Obtain historical tunnel parameters, including the number of delays, borehole length, borehole resistance line, borehole spacing, explosive consumption per unit, and surrounding rock grade. Use artificial neural networks (ANN) and genetic algorithm-artificial neural networks (GA-ANN) to construct the correlation between historical parameters and tunnel over-excavation, and construct an over-excavation prediction model based on the correlation.

[0074] The tunnel parameters also include blasting distance, surrounding rock grade, and blasting charge amount. The correlation between blasting distance, surrounding rock grade, and blasting charge amount and the vibration velocity at the tunnel face is obtained, and a vibration prediction model is constructed based on the correlation.

[0075] S2: Obtain the tunnel parameters and blasting plan of the construction tunnel, and use the over-excavation prediction model to predict the over-excavation of the construction tunnel. At the same time, use the confidence space of the predicted value to obtain the predicted over-excavation, and adjust the blasting plan according to the predicted over-excavation.

[0076] After obtaining the tunnel parameters and blasting plan for the construction tunnel, vibration prediction is performed based on the vibration prediction model, and the blasting plan is adjusted accordingly.

[0077] S3: Lay out the tunnel face according to the blasting plan and control the drive unit to work. Drill holes at the laying positions using the drill bit to form blast holes. During the drilling process, the sensors of the rock drilling rig automatically record data such as hole depth and angle. Then, according to the blasting plan, fill the blast holes with explosives. After the explosives are installed, detonate them to complete the blasting of the tunnel.

[0078] When facing multi-face construction scenarios, several wireless vibration sensors are deployed inside the tunnel before blasting to form a sensor network in order to monitor tunnel vibration during the blasting process.

[0079] After detonating a set of explosives, a 3D laser scanner is used to collect point cloud data inside the tunnel. Based on the data collected during the drilling and blasting process, various tunnel parameters are obtained, and the over-excavation and under-excavation amounts, as well as the tunnel vibration data, are measured and recorded. The over-excavation prediction model is then corrected based on the tunnel parameters, over-excavation and under-excavation amounts, and the implemented blasting plan. The vibration prediction model is then corrected using the vibration data, tunnel parameters, and the implemented blasting plan.

[0080] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smooth blasting construction device for deep-buried high-stress tunnels, comprising a frame, wherein a drive component and a moving component are mounted on the frame, characterized in that: The output end of the drive unit is equipped with a slag discharge assembly (4) and a drill bit (5). The moving assembly is used to adjust the position of the drill bit (5). The drill bit (5) is used to break rocks to form blast holes. The slag discharge assembly includes several spiral drive assemblies. Each spiral drive assembly is provided with two sets of push plates (42). The spiral drive assembly is used to drive the two sets of push plates (42) to move synchronously in opposite directions. Several openings are opened on the push plates (42) near the drill bit (5). Each opening sidewall is hinged with a baffle (422) in one direction. A torsion spring is sleeved at the hinge between the opening sidewall and the baffle (422). The push plate (42) is used to collect rock debris in the blast hole. The drive unit is used to drive the drill bit (5) and the spiral drive assembly to rotate in both directions. The screw drive assembly includes a screw (41), and two sets of nuts (411) are detachably connected to the screw (41) by threads. The threads of the two sets of nuts (411) are opposite, and the nuts (411) are rotatably connected to the adjacent push plate (42). A retaining ring (421) is provided on the side wall of the push plate (42) near the drill bit (5) and the side wall of the opening are provided with an electromagnet. The electromagnet is used to prevent the baffle (422) from rotating. The screw (41) is equipped with a differential transmission assembly (2), which is used to adjust the speed difference between the screw (41) and the drive component. The differential transmission assembly (2) includes a first gear (21), which is coaxially fixedly connected to the drill rod (1), and the first gear (21) meshes with a second gear (22). A planetary gear (23) is provided on the side of the second gear (22), and the second gear (22) is coaxially welded to the sun gear (231) of the planetary gear (23). The planet carrier (232) of the planetary gear (23) is coaxially welded to the screw (41).

2. The smooth blasting construction device for deep-buried high-stress tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screw (41) is provided with a clutch assembly (3), which is used to change the torque transmitted from the drive member to the nut (411).

3. The smooth blasting construction device for deep-buried high-stress tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: A chamber is formed in the push plate (42) near the drill bit (5). Several cooling holes (423) are formed on the side wall of the chamber near the drill bit (5). The chamber is connected to a cooling component. A solenoid valve is provided at the connection between the chamber and the cooling component. Cooling fluid is provided in the cooling component. The cooling component is used to transport the cooling fluid to the drill bit (5) through the chamber.

4. The smooth blasting construction device for deep-buried high-stress tunnels according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cooling fluid is cooling water.

5. The smooth blasting construction device for deep-buried high-stress tunnels according to claim 4, characterized in that: One-way valves are provided at the connection between the chamber and the storage chamber of the cooling assembly, as well as on the side wall of the cooling hole (423). An elastic element (424) is provided on the push plate (42) near the drill bit (5), and the elastic element (424) is used to change the volume of the chamber.

6. The smooth blasting construction device for deep-buried high-stress tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mobile component includes a tracked chassis and a carriage. A diesel engine is mounted on the tracked chassis and is fixedly connected to the frame. A hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the carriage and is fixedly connected to the frame. The output end of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the carriage.

7. The smooth blasting construction device for deep-buried high-stress tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving component is a hydraulic motor, which is used to drive the drill bit (5) and the helical transmission assembly to rotate bidirectionally.

8. A method for smooth blasting construction of a deep-buried high-stress tunnel, based on the smooth blasting construction device for a deep-buried high-stress tunnel as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: S1: Obtain historical tunnel parameters, use neural network algorithms to construct the correlation between historical parameters and tunnel over-excavation, and construct an over-excavation prediction model based on the correlation. S2: Obtain the tunnel parameters and blasting plan of the construction tunnel, and use the over-excavation prediction model to predict the over-excavation of the construction tunnel, obtain the predicted over-excavation, and adjust the blasting plan according to the predicted over-excavation. S3: Lay out the tunnel face according to the blasting plan, control the drive unit to work, drill holes at the laying positions using the drill bit to form blast holes, and then fill the blast holes with explosives according to the blasting plan. After the explosives are installed, detonate them to complete the blasting of the tunnel.

9. A method for smooth blasting construction of a deep-buried high-stress tunnel according to claim 8, characterized in that: The tunnel parameters include the number of delays, borehole length, borehole resistance line, borehole spacing, explosive consumption per unit, and surrounding rock grade.

10. A method for smooth blasting construction of a deep-buried high-stress tunnel according to claim 9, characterized in that: In S1, tunnel parameters also include blasting distance and explosive charge amount, and the correlation between blasting distance, surrounding rock grade, explosive charge amount and tunnel face vibration velocity is obtained. Based on the correlation, a vibration prediction model is constructed. In S2, after obtaining the tunnel parameters and blasting scheme of the construction tunnel, vibration prediction is performed based on the vibration prediction model, and the blasting scheme is adjusted based on the vibration prediction model.

11. The method for smooth blasting construction of a deep-buried high-stress tunnel according to claim 8, characterized in that: In S3, after detonating a set of explosives, the over-excavation and under-excavation amounts are measured and recorded, and the over-excavation prediction model is corrected based on tunnel parameters, over-excavation and under-excavation amounts, and the implemented blasting scheme.

12. The method for smooth blasting construction of a deep-buried high-stress tunnel according to claim 10, characterized in that: In S3, after detonating a set of explosives, the vibration data of the tunnel is recorded, and the vibration prediction model is corrected using the vibration data, tunnel parameters, and the implemented blasting scheme.

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