A seismic wave data acquisition method, device and system
By combining wireless acquisition and time synchronization modules, the problem of complex operation of wired seismic wave data acquisition in confined spaces is solved, realizing simple, fast and accurate data acquisition, reducing equipment safety hazards and costs, and supporting efficient geological forecasting.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA RAILWAY CONSTR HEAVY IND
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-04
AI Technical Summary
In construction sites with limited space, existing wired seismic wave data acquisition methods make it difficult to connect mechanical equipment and manually lay and retract cables, resulting in safety risks and high maintenance costs.
The data acquisition method is wireless, using triggers and wireless acquisition instruments to collect seismic wave data. A time synchronization module is used to ensure data accuracy, and a host computer is used for data processing and storage.
It simplifies equipment layout and operation, reduces safety hazards and equipment costs, and provides high-quality seismic wave data to support advanced geological forecasting.
Smart Images
Figure CN120762092B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of seismic wave data acquisition technology, and in particular to a seismic wave data acquisition method, apparatus and system. Background Technology
[0002] During construction, to ensure safety and optimize design, it is necessary to conduct advance geological surveys and forecasts of the area ahead. As one of the most widely used methods for advance geological forecasting, seismic wave methods are gaining increasing attention. Seismic wave methods mainly include data acquisition, data processing, and geological interpretation. Accurate acquisition of seismic reflection wave data during the data acquisition phase is a prerequisite for subsequent data processing and geological interpretation, and is crucial to the accuracy of the final forecast.
[0003] In existing technologies, seismic wave data acquisition is mainly conducted through wired acquisition systems. Wired acquisition systems rely on cables to connect major components such as sensors, acquisition instruments, triggers, and host computers. In construction sites with limited space, the installation and commissioning of complex mechanical equipment, as well as manual wiring and cable retrieval, are difficult to carry out and pose certain safety risks. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This application provides a seismic wave data acquisition method, apparatus, and system to solve the technical problems caused by the difficulty in carrying out various mechanical equipment connections and manual wiring and cable retraction in construction sites with limited space due to existing seismic wave data acquisition methods.
[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a seismic wave data acquisition method, which is applied to a seismic wave data acquisition device. The device includes: a host computer, a trigger, a trigger sensor, and multiple wireless acquisition devices. The trigger sensor is connected to the trigger, and the trigger and the multiple wireless acquisition devices are time-synchronized. The method then includes:
[0006] When the trigger detects that the intensity of the seismic wave is greater than a preset intensity threshold, the trigger transmits a first trigger signal to the plurality of wireless data acquisition devices, and then the trigger sensor and the plurality of wireless data acquisition devices all begin to acquire seismic wave data;
[0007] When the acquisition time reaches a preset time threshold, the trigger transmits a second trigger signal to the plurality of wireless acquisition devices, and then the trigger sensor and the plurality of wireless acquisition devices all stop acquiring seismic wave data; wherein, the trigger sensor acquires the first seismic wave data, and each of the wireless acquisition devices acquires the second seismic wave data;
[0008] The host computer extracts third seismic wave data from multiple second seismic wave data based on the start and end times of the first seismic wave data, so as to make advanced geological predictions based on the third seismic wave data.
[0009] In one possible design, both the first seismic wave data and each of the second seismic wave data are timestamped.
[0010] In one possible design, the host computer extracts third seismic wave data from multiple sets of second seismic wave data based on the start and end times of the first seismic wave data, including:
[0011] Based on the start and end times of the first seismic wave data, the acquisition start time and acquisition end time are obtained;
[0012] Based on the acquisition start time and acquisition end time, each second seismic wave data is extracted to obtain the fourth seismic wave data corresponding to each wireless acquisition instrument;
[0013] The third seismic wave data is obtained based on the first seismic wave data and multiple fourth seismic wave data.
[0014] In one possible design, a first clock synchronization module is installed on the trigger, and a second clock synchronization module is installed on each of the wireless acquisition devices;
[0015] Before the trigger transmits the first trigger signal to the plurality of wireless data acquisition devices, the method further includes:
[0016] The first clock synchronization module performs satellite time synchronization;
[0017] The first clock synchronization module sends pulse signals to multiple second clock synchronization modules;
[0018] Each of the second clock synchronization modules synchronizes its time with the first clock synchronization module according to the pulse signal.
[0019] In one possible design, the device is located in a tunnel, with a third clock synchronization module installed outside the tunnel, which has already completed satellite time synchronization;
[0020] The first clock synchronization module performs satellite time synchronization, including:
[0021] Request time synchronization from the third clock synchronization module to receive the synchronization message instruction and first time from the third clock synchronization module;
[0022] The system requests a delay measurement from the third clock synchronization module according to the synchronization message instruction, and records the second time at which the third clock synchronization module receives the delay measurement request;
[0023] Based on the first time and the second time, determine whether the first clock synchronization module has completed satellite time synchronization.
[0024] In one possible design, the device further includes: a seismic source;
[0025] When the seismic waves are caused by the aforementioned seismic source, the third seismic wave data is used for geological structure prediction;
[0026] When the seismic wave is not caused by the earthquake source, the third seismic wave data is used for rockburst risk prediction.
[0027] Secondly, this application provides a seismic wave data acquisition device, the device comprising: a host computer, a trigger, a trigger sensor, and multiple wireless acquisition devices, wherein the trigger sensor is connected to the trigger, and the trigger and the multiple wireless acquisition devices are time-synchronized.
[0028] The device is used to perform the seismic wave data acquisition method provided in the first aspect of this application.
[0029] In one possible design, the device further includes a three-component sensor mounted on each of the wireless acquisition units.
[0030] In one possible design, the device further includes a network communication module that is communicatively connected to the host computer, the trigger, the trigger sensor, and the plurality of wireless data acquisition devices.
[0031] Thirdly, this application provides a seismic wave data acquisition system, the system comprising: a third clock synchronization module that has completed satellite time synchronization, and a seismic wave data acquisition device provided in the second aspect of this application that is communicatively connected to the third clock synchronization module.
[0032] This application provides a seismic wave data acquisition method, apparatus, and system. The seismic wave data acquisition method includes: when a trigger detects that the seismic wave intensity is greater than a preset intensity threshold, the trigger transmits a first trigger signal to multiple wireless acquisition devices, and the trigger sensor and multiple wireless acquisition devices all begin acquiring seismic wave data; when the acquisition duration reaches a preset time threshold, the trigger transmits a second trigger signal to the multiple wireless acquisition devices, and the trigger sensor and multiple wireless acquisition devices all stop acquiring seismic wave data; the host computer intercepts multiple second seismic wave data according to the start and end times of the first seismic wave data to obtain third seismic wave data, so as to facilitate advanced geological prediction based on the third seismic wave data. Based on the above method, the following technical effects are achieved: by combining the wireless acquisition method of trigger sensors and wireless acquisition devices for seismic wave data acquisition, the setup is simple, the operation is convenient, and remote communication and data transmission can be achieved, effectively avoiding the installation and debugging of complex mechanical equipment and the process of manual wiring and cable recycling, thus significantly reducing equipment safety hazards and equipment costs while improving efficiency; for environments with limited space, the wireless acquisition method can easily, quickly, accurately, and effectively acquire seismic wave data, providing high-quality seismic wave data for advanced geological prediction using seismic wave methods. Attached Figure Description
[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario of the seismic wave data acquisition method provided in the embodiments of this application;
[0035] Figure 2 Flowchart of the seismic wave data acquisition method provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 1 ;
[0036] Figure 3 Flowchart of the seismic wave data acquisition method provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 2 .
[0037] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:
[0038] 100 - Device; 110 - Seismic source; 111 - Trigger sensor; 112 - Trigger; 113 - First clock synchronization module; 114 - Wireless acquisition device; 115 - Three-component sensor; 116 - Second clock synchronization module; 117 - Network communication module; 118 - Host computer; 119 - Adverse geological conditions. Detailed Implementation
[0039] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numerals in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.
[0040] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used to distinguish identical or similar items with substantially the same function and effect. Those skilled in the art will understand that the terms "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity or execution order, and that "first" and "second" do not necessarily imply difference. It should be noted that in the embodiments of this application, words such as "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design scheme described as "exemplary" or "for example" in this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design schemes. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a concrete manner. In the embodiments of this application, "at least one" refers to one or more, and "more than one" refers to two or more.
[0041] First, the relevant concepts or terms involved in this application will be explained:
[0042] Seismic wave data: Seismic wave data contains focal parameters such as epicenter location, focal depth, and time of occurrence, recorded through metadata fields such as event latitude, longitude, and depth. It forms the basis for earthquake location and magnitude calculation. By acquiring seismic wave data and analyzing its characteristics in real time, rockburst risk warnings and geological interpretations can be achieved.
[0043] To clearly understand the technical solution of this application, the solutions of the prior art will be introduced first.
[0044] In existing technologies, seismic wave data acquisition is mainly conducted through wired acquisition systems. However, these systems rely on cables to connect key components such as sensors, acquisition instruments, triggers, and host computers. In construction sites with limited space, the installation and commissioning of complex mechanical equipment, as well as manual wiring and cable retrieval, are difficult to carry out and pose certain safety risks. Construction activities can also increase cable damage, leading to higher system maintenance costs.
[0045] Meanwhile, in wired acquisition systems, the voltage or current analog signals acquired by sensors are susceptible to electromagnetic interference from large construction machinery inside the tunnel when transmitted through cables, which affects the quality of the acquired signals.
[0046] In summary, in construction sites with limited space, how to design a method that can solve the technical problems of various mechanical equipment connections and the difficulty of manual wiring and cable retraction caused by existing seismic wave data acquisition methods is the problem that this application urgently needs to solve.
[0047] Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art, the embodiments of this application provide a seismic wave data acquisition method, device and system, which can be used in the field of seismic wave data acquisition technology. It aims to acquire seismic wave data using a wireless acquisition method, thereby effectively avoiding the installation and debugging of complex mechanical equipment and the process of manual wiring and cable recycling.
[0048] The following describes the application scenarios of a seismic wave data acquisition method provided by embodiments of this application. These application scenarios are merely examples, intended to help those skilled in the art understand the technical content of this application, but do not imply that embodiments of this application cannot be used in other devices, systems, environments, or scenarios.
[0049] 1) Applied to a device including a host computer, a network communication module, a seismic source, a trigger sensor installed on the seismic source, a trigger connected to the trigger sensor, a clock synchronization module installed on the trigger, two wireless acquisition units, and a three-component sensor and clock synchronization module installed on each wireless acquisition unit respectively. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario of the seismic wave data acquisition method provided in the embodiments of this application, such as... Figure 1 As shown, device 100 is the apparatus used in the seismic wave data acquisition method provided in this application embodiment. The apparatus includes a seismic source 110, a trigger sensor 111 mounted on the seismic source 110, a trigger 112 connected to the trigger sensor 111, a first clock synchronization module 113 mounted on the trigger 112, two wireless acquisition units 114, a three-component sensor 115 and a second clock synchronization module 116 mounted on each wireless acquisition unit 114, a network communication module 117, and a host computer 118. The seismic wave data acquisition method and apparatus provided in this application embodiment are used to perform geological interpretation of adverse geological conditions 119.
[0050] The seismic source 110 is responsible for generating seismic wave signals, the trigger sensor 111 is responsible for receiving seismic wave signals and converting them into electrical signals, and the three-component sensor 115 is responsible for receiving seismic wave signals in the X, Y, and Z directions and converting them into electrical signals. The first clock synchronization module 113 and the second clock synchronization module 116 are responsible for time synchronization between the trigger 112 and the wireless acquisition device 114, and between different wireless acquisition devices 114. When the trigger 112 detects that the seismic wave intensity is greater than a preset intensity threshold, the trigger sensor 111 and the wireless acquisition device 114 begin to acquire seismic wave data; when the acquisition time reaches a preset time threshold, the trigger sensor 111 and the wireless acquisition device 114 stop acquiring seismic wave data. The host computer 118 receives the seismic wave data acquired by the trigger sensor 111 and the wireless acquisition device 114 within the acquisition time through the network communication module 117. The seismic wave data acquisition method provided in this application embodiment is simple to set up, easy to operate, and allows for remote communication and data transmission. It can effectively avoid the installation and debugging of complex mechanical equipment and the process of manual wiring and cable recycling, significantly reducing equipment safety hazards and equipment costs while improving efficiency.
[0051] 2) Applications include railway tunnels, highway tunnels, and water diversion tunnels. Seismic wave data provides crucial ground motion information for tunnel design and construction, helping to analyze seismic activity characteristics and seismic wave propagation in the tunnel's location. The seismic wave data acquisition method provided in this application can acquire accurate seismic wave data, which can then be used to optimize the tunnel's seismic design.
[0052] The embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0053] The technical solution of this application and how it solves the above-mentioned technical problems will be described in detail below with specific embodiments. These specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments. The embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0054] Figure 2 Flowchart of the seismic wave data acquisition method provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 1 This method is applied to a seismic wave data acquisition device, which includes a host computer, a trigger, a trigger sensor, and multiple wireless acquisition devices. The trigger sensor is connected to the trigger, and the trigger and multiple wireless acquisition devices are time-synchronized. The seismic wave data acquisition method provided in this embodiment includes the following steps:
[0055] S101. When the trigger detects that the intensity of the seismic wave is greater than the preset intensity threshold, the trigger transmits the first trigger signal to multiple wireless data acquisition devices, and then the trigger sensor and multiple wireless data acquisition devices all begin to acquire seismic wave data.
[0056] In this embodiment, the host computer first wakes up the trigger and multiple wireless acquisition devices; then, the host computer transmits acquisition parameters such as preset intensity threshold, acquisition frequency and preset time threshold to the trigger and multiple wireless acquisition devices.
[0057] After the seismic wave is excited, when the intensity of the seismic wave is greater than a preset intensity threshold, the sensor is triggered to start collecting seismic wave data. The trigger transmits the first trigger signal to multiple wireless data acquisition devices. After receiving the first trigger signal, the multiple wireless data acquisition devices start collecting seismic wave data.
[0058] By combining trigger sensors and wireless acquisition devices for seismic wave data acquisition, the setup is simple, the operation is convenient, and remote communication and data transmission are possible. This effectively avoids the complex installation and debugging of mechanical equipment and the processes of manual wiring and cable retrieval, significantly reducing equipment safety hazards and costs while improving efficiency. Furthermore, in environments with limited space, wireless acquisition allows for simple, fast, accurate, and effective acquisition of seismic wave data, providing high-quality seismic wave data for advanced geological prediction using seismic wave methods.
[0059] S102. When the acquisition time reaches the preset time threshold, the trigger transmits a second trigger signal to multiple wireless acquisition devices, and then the trigger sensor and multiple wireless acquisition devices stop acquiring seismic wave data.
[0060] In this embodiment, the trigger sensor acquires the first seismic wave data, and each wireless acquisition device acquires the second seismic wave data.
[0061] In this embodiment, the moment when the seismic wave intensity exceeds a preset intensity threshold is used as the trigger zero point. When the acquisition time reaches a preset time threshold, the sensor is triggered to stop acquiring seismic wave data and transmits a second trigger signal to multiple wireless data acquisition devices. Upon receiving the second trigger signal, the multiple wireless data acquisition devices stop acquiring seismic wave data. Similarly, upon receiving a stop acquisition command from the host computer, the multiple wireless data acquisition devices will also stop acquiring seismic wave data.
[0062] Specifically, the first seismic wave data is the seismic wave data obtained by the trigger sensor within the acquisition time, and the second seismic wave data is the seismic wave data obtained by each wireless acquisition instrument within the acquisition time.
[0063] S103. The host computer intercepts multiple second seismic wave data based on the start and end times of the first seismic wave data to obtain the third seismic wave data, so as to make advanced geological predictions based on the third seismic wave data.
[0064] In this embodiment, the host computer is a general term for computers and software such as laptops or industrial control computers. It is mainly used to wake up the trigger and multiple wireless acquisition devices, and to transmit acquisition parameters such as preset intensity threshold, acquisition frequency and preset time threshold to the trigger and multiple wireless acquisition devices. After stopping the acquisition of seismic wave data, it receives seismic wave data from the trigger and multiple wireless acquisition devices, and intercepts and stores the seismic wave data acquired by the wireless acquisition devices according to the start time and end time of the seismic wave data acquired by the trigger.
[0065] After the sensor is triggered to stop collecting seismic wave data, the first seismic wave data is transmitted to the host computer; after each wireless data acquisition device stops collecting seismic wave data, the multiple second seismic wave data are transmitted to the host computer.
[0066] The host computer intercepts multiple second seismic wave data based on the start and end times of the first seismic wave data to obtain the third seismic wave data, and stores the third seismic wave data on the local hard drive to facilitate advanced geological prediction based on the third seismic wave data.
[0067] This application provides a seismic wave data acquisition method, which includes: when a trigger detects that the seismic wave intensity is greater than a preset intensity threshold, the trigger transmits a first trigger signal to multiple wireless acquisition devices, and the trigger sensor and multiple wireless acquisition devices all begin acquiring seismic wave data; when the acquisition time reaches a preset time threshold, the trigger transmits a second trigger signal to the multiple wireless acquisition devices, and the trigger sensor and multiple wireless acquisition devices all stop acquiring seismic wave data; the host computer intercepts multiple second seismic wave data according to the start and end times of the first seismic wave data to obtain third seismic wave data, so as to facilitate advanced geological prediction based on the third seismic wave data. Based on the above method, the following technical effects are achieved: by combining the wireless acquisition method of trigger sensors and wireless acquisition devices for seismic wave data acquisition, the setup is simple, the operation is convenient, and remote communication and data transmission can be achieved, effectively avoiding the installation and debugging of complex mechanical equipment and the process of manual wiring and cable recycling, thus significantly reducing equipment safety hazards and equipment costs while improving efficiency; for environments with limited space, the wireless acquisition method can easily, quickly, accurately, and effectively acquire seismic wave data, providing high-quality seismic wave data for advanced geological prediction using seismic wave methods.
[0068] In one possible design, the first seismic wave data and each second seismic wave data in S102 are timestamped.
[0069] Specifically, the first seismic wave data is timestamped; that is, each data point within the first seismic wave data set is timestamped to indicate its acquisition time. Similarly, the second seismic wave data is timestamped; that is, each data point within the second seismic wave data set is timestamped to indicate its acquisition time. The host computer receives both the first seismic wave data and the multiple second seismic wave data sets, which are timestamped seismic wave data. By recording the acquisition time of each seismic wave data set, the timestamping ensures that the triggers and each wireless data acquisition instrument are strictly aligned in the time dimension, achieving precise synchronization of multi-source data.
[0070] Figure 3 Flowchart of the seismic wave data acquisition method provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 2 This embodiment further explains the seismic wave data acquisition method based on the above embodiments. For example... Figure 3 As shown, S103 includes:
[0071] S201. Based on the start and end times of the first seismic wave data, obtain the acquisition start time and acquisition end time.
[0072] In this embodiment, the acquisition start time and acquisition end time of the first seismic wave data can be obtained based on the acquisition time corresponding to each data point contained in the first seismic wave data.
[0073] S202. Based on the start and end times of data acquisition, each second seismic wave data is extracted to obtain the fourth seismic wave data corresponding to each wireless data acquisition instrument.
[0074] In this embodiment, based on the start and end times of the first seismic wave data acquisition, each second seismic wave data point is segmented to obtain the fourth seismic wave data, which is acquired by each wireless acquisition device and whose acquisition duration is consistent with that of the trigger sensor. Maintaining consistency between the acquisition duration of the trigger sensor and the wireless acquisition device ensures that the time window of the seismic wave data is synchronized, facilitating accurate analysis of the propagation characteristics and waveforms of the seismic wave data.
[0075] S203. Obtain the third seismic wave data based on the first seismic wave data and multiple fourth seismic wave data.
[0076] After interception, the acquisition time of the fourth seismic wave data was kept consistent with that of the first seismic wave data. First, the fourth and first seismic wave data were filtered. Then, the fourth seismic wave data was vector-synthesized to obtain fused seismic wave data in the X, Y, and Z directions. Next, the first seismic wave data and the fused X, Y, and Z direction seismic wave data were subjected to amplitude normalization and weighted signal fusion to obtain the third seismic wave data.
[0077] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further explains the seismic wave data acquisition method. In this embodiment, a first clock synchronization module is installed on the trigger, and a second clock synchronization module is installed on each wireless acquisition device. Before S101, the method further includes:
[0078] S301, the first clock synchronization module performs satellite time synchronization.
[0079] In this embodiment, the first clock synchronization module is the master clock synchronization module. The master clock synchronization module receives satellite signals containing high-precision time information generated by atomic clocks, and calibrates the local time by calculating the transmission delay and position deviation of the satellite signals.
[0080] The first clock synchronization module and each of the first clock synchronization modules are built into the trigger and each of the wireless acquisition devices, respectively. They are in a sleep state and are awakened by the host computer and put into operation. They can all send second pulses and timestamp waveforms for microsecond-level time synchronization between the trigger and each wireless acquisition device, and between each wireless acquisition device.
[0081] S302, the first clock synchronization module sends pulse signals to multiple second clock synchronization modules.
[0082] In this embodiment, multiple second clock synchronization modules are multiple slave clock synchronization modules.
[0083] The master clock synchronization module sends pulse signals to the slave clock synchronization module. Common pulse signals include second pulses and minute pulses. The rising edge of the second pulse marks the exact second, with an accuracy down to the nanosecond level, and is used to trigger time calibration of the slave clock synchronization module. Pulse signals are typically transmitted via physical lines such as coaxial cables and optical fibers, or through network protocols, ensuring low latency and low jitter.
[0084] S303. Each second clock synchronization module synchronizes its time with the first clock synchronization module according to the pulse signal.
[0085] In this embodiment, the local clock synchronization module continuously detects the arrival time of the pulse signal sent by the master clock synchronization module and calculates the phase difference between the local clock and the master clock. By adjusting the crystal oscillator frequency of the local clock, it gradually approaches the crystal oscillator frequency of the master clock, thereby achieving frequency synchronization and phase synchronization between the local clock and the master clock, and finally achieving clock signal synchronization between the master clock synchronization module and the slave clock synchronization module.
[0086] Seismic wave data acquisition is significantly affected by time synchronization errors. It requires not only precise triggering times but also minimal time synchronization errors between the trigger and the acquisition instrument, and among different acquisition instruments themselves. For example, with a detection accuracy of 1 meter, the propagation time in granite strata with a P-wave velocity of 5000 m / s is approximately 200 µs. Therefore, a wireless seismic wave acquisition system for tunnels must possess low-latency time synchronization. A first clock synchronization module and multiple second clock synchronization modules provide absolute time to the trigger and multiple wireless acquisition instruments, respectively, for µs-level time synchronization between the trigger and multiple wireless acquisition instruments, and among multiple wireless acquisition instruments. At a 50 kHz sampling frequency, the time synchronization error is 20 µs. Furthermore, the large time delay caused by long-distance signal transmission is addressed through recording the triggering time and subsequent software processing on the acquisition instruments. Ensuring clock synchronization between the trigger and the wireless acquisition instruments is a crucial step in ensuring the accuracy, reliability, and consistency of seismic wave data, which is essential for subsequent geological analysis and decision-making.
[0087] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further explains the seismic wave data acquisition method. In this embodiment, the seismic wave data acquisition device is located in a tunnel, and a third clock synchronization module is installed outside the tunnel. The third clock synchronization module has completed satellite time synchronization. S301 includes:
[0088] S401. Request time synchronization from the third clock synchronization module to receive the synchronization message command and first time from the third clock synchronization module.
[0089] In this embodiment, the third clock synchronization module has completed satellite time synchronization, obtained stable time synchronization, and sends synchronization message instructions to the first clock synchronization module located in the tunnel at a certain period through the Precision Time Protocol (PTP). The first time is the moment when the third clock synchronization module sends the synchronization message instructions.
[0090] S402. Request a delay measurement from the third clock synchronization module according to the synchronization message instruction, and record the second time when the third clock synchronization module receives the delay measurement request.
[0091] After receiving the synchronization message command sent by the third clock synchronization module, the first clock synchronization module requests a delay measurement. The third clock synchronization module responds to this request. Through delay detection and data interaction between the third clock synchronization module and the first clock synchronization module, the time delay is calculated, thereby obtaining high-precision time synchronization.
[0092] Specifically, the formula for calculating the average delay time is as follows:
[0093]
[0094] The formula for calculating master-slave time deviation is:
[0095]
[0096] in, t1 is the average delay time; t2 is the time when the third clock synchronization module sends the synchronization message instruction, i.e., the first time; t3 is the time when the first clock synchronization module receives the synchronization message instruction; t4 is the time when the first clock synchronization module requests delay measurement from the third clock synchronization module; t5 is the time when the third clock synchronization module receives the delay measurement request sent by the first clock synchronization module, i.e., the second time.
[0097] like A positive value indicates that the first clock synchronization module is faster than the third clock synchronization module; if... If the value is negative, the first clock synchronization module lags behind the third clock synchronization module.
[0098] S403. Based on the first time and the second time, determine whether the first clock synchronization module has completed satellite time synchronization.
[0099] In this embodiment, when determining whether the first clock synchronization module has completed satellite time synchronization, Compared with the preset synchronization accuracy threshold, if If the absolute value is less than the preset synchronization accuracy threshold, then the first clock synchronization module is determined to be synchronized; if... If the preset synchronization accuracy threshold is exceeded, the crystal frequency or phase of the first clock synchronization module needs to be readjusted and the synchronization process needs to be restarted.
[0100] In a tunnel environment, satellite time synchronization fails, and conventional 2.4GHz-based wireless acquisition systems typically have time delays exceeding milliseconds, making it difficult to achieve stable, microsecond-level time synchronization over long periods. To achieve high-precision time synchronization between the first and third clock synchronization modules, a third clock synchronization module, already synchronized with satellite time outside the tunnel, uses the PTP protocol to send synchronization messages to the first clock synchronization module located inside the tunnel.
[0101] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further explains the seismic wave data acquisition method. In this embodiment, the seismic wave data acquisition device further includes a seismic source.
[0102] When the seismic waves are generated by the earthquake source, the third seismic wave data is used for geological structure prediction.
[0103] Specifically, the seismic source is a device that can generate seismic waves by contacting the tunnel rock wall, such as a hammer, mechanical impact source, or cutterhead. When the seismic waves are generated by active source seismic wave methods such as manual hammering or mechanical sources, or by passive source seismic wave methods such as cutterhead rock-breaking sources, the third seismic wave data is used for geological structure prediction.
[0104] When the seismic waves are not caused by the seismic source, the third seismic wave data is used for rockburst risk prediction.
[0105] Specifically, when seismic waves are generated through microseismic monitoring, the third seismic wave data is used for rockburst risk prediction.
[0106] This application provides a seismic wave data acquisition device, including:
[0107] The device includes: a host computer, a trigger, a trigger sensor, and multiple wireless data acquisition devices. The trigger sensor is connected to the trigger, and the trigger and multiple wireless data acquisition devices are time-synchronized.
[0108] The device is used to perform the seismic wave data acquisition method provided in the above embodiments.
[0109] The seismic wave data acquisition device provided in this application embodiment is used to execute the seismic wave data acquisition method provided in the above embodiment. Its operation mode and implementation effect are similar to those of the seismic wave data acquisition method provided in the above embodiment, and will not be described again here.
[0110] In one possible design, embodiments of this application provide a seismic wave data acquisition device, which further includes a three-component sensor mounted on each wireless acquisition unit.
[0111] Specifically, the trigger sensor, connected to the trigger unit, is a vibration sensor that receives the seismic source signal; the three-component sensor, connected to the wireless acquisition unit, is used to receive the three components of the seismic wave signal propagating along the tunnel strata in the X, Y, and Z directions. The trigger unit is used to acquire the electrical signal from the trigger sensor, and the wireless acquisition unit is used to acquire the electrical signal from the three-component sensor. The three-component sensor can be replaced by other types of sensors, such as a single-component sensor.
[0112] At a sampling frequency of 50 kHz and a sampling duration of 1 second, the total data acquired by the trigger based on a single-component trigger sensor is approximately 0.19 MB. At the same sampling frequency of 50 kHz and a sampling duration of 1 second, the total data acquired by the wireless data acquisition device based on a three-component sensor is approximately 0.57 MB.
[0113] In this embodiment, the number of wireless data acquisition devices is greater than or equal to 2, and a single wireless data acquisition device can be connected to up to 4 three-component sensors.
[0114] In one possible design, embodiments of this application provide a seismic wave data acquisition device, which further includes a network communication module that is communicatively connected to a host computer, a trigger, a trigger sensor, and multiple wireless acquisition devices.
[0115] Specifically, the network communication module is used for wireless communication and data transmission between the host computer, the trigger, and the wireless data acquisition device. For example, an 802.11 Wi-Fi communication device can be used, but there are no specific restrictions here.
[0116] In this embodiment, the host computer wakes up the trigger and each wireless data acquisition device via a network communication module. The host computer transmits acquisition parameters such as preset intensity thresholds, acquisition frequency, and preset time thresholds to the trigger and each wireless data acquisition device via the network communication module. When the seismic wave intensity exceeds the preset intensity threshold, the trigger transmits a first trigger signal to multiple wireless data acquisition devices via the network communication module. When the acquisition duration reaches a preset time threshold, the trigger transmits a second trigger signal to multiple wireless data acquisition devices via the network communication module. When the acquisition duration reaches the preset time threshold, the trigger sensor uploads the acquired first seismic wave data to the host computer via the network communication module, and each wireless data acquisition device uploads its acquired second seismic wave data to the host computer via the network communication module.
[0117] This application provides a seismic wave data acquisition system, which includes: a third clock synchronization module that has completed satellite time synchronization, and a seismic wave data acquisition device as provided in the above embodiment that is communicatively connected to the third clock synchronization module.
[0118] The technical solutions of this application have been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it is readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of this application is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of this application.
Claims
1. A method for acquiring seismic wave data, characterized in that, The method is applied to a seismic wave data acquisition device, which includes: a host computer, a trigger, a trigger sensor, and multiple wireless acquisition devices. The trigger sensor is connected to the trigger, and the trigger and the multiple wireless acquisition devices are time-synchronized. The method then includes: When the trigger detects that the intensity of the seismic wave is greater than a preset intensity threshold, the trigger transmits a first trigger signal to the plurality of wireless data acquisition devices, and then the trigger sensor and the plurality of wireless data acquisition devices all begin to acquire seismic wave data; When the acquisition time reaches a preset time threshold, the trigger transmits a second trigger signal to the plurality of wireless acquisition devices, and then the trigger sensor and the plurality of wireless acquisition devices all stop acquiring seismic wave data; wherein, the trigger sensor acquires the first seismic wave data, and each of the wireless acquisition devices acquires the second seismic wave data; The host computer extracts third seismic wave data from multiple second seismic wave data based on the start and end times of the first seismic wave data, so as to make advanced geological predictions based on the third seismic wave data.
2. The seismic wave data acquisition method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first seismic wave data and each of the second seismic wave data are timestamped.
3. The seismic wave data acquisition method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The host computer extracts third seismic wave data from multiple second seismic wave data based on the start and end times of the first seismic wave data, including: Based on the start and end times of the first seismic wave data, the acquisition start time and acquisition end time are obtained; Based on the acquisition start time and acquisition end time, each second seismic wave data is extracted to obtain the fourth seismic wave data corresponding to each wireless acquisition instrument; The third seismic wave data is obtained based on the first seismic wave data and multiple fourth seismic wave data.
4. The seismic wave data acquisition method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The trigger is equipped with a first clock synchronization module, and each of the wireless acquisition devices is equipped with a second clock synchronization module. Before the trigger transmits the first trigger signal to the plurality of wireless data acquisition devices, the method further includes: The first clock synchronization module performs satellite time synchronization; The first clock synchronization module sends pulse signals to multiple second clock synchronization modules; Each of the second clock synchronization modules synchronizes its time with the first clock synchronization module according to the pulse signal.
5. The seismic wave data acquisition method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The device is located in the tunnel, and a third clock synchronization module is installed outside the tunnel. The third clock synchronization module has completed satellite time synchronization. The first clock synchronization module performs satellite time synchronization, including: Request time synchronization from the third clock synchronization module to receive the synchronization message instruction and first time from the third clock synchronization module; The system requests a delay measurement from the third clock synchronization module according to the synchronization message instruction, and records the second time at which the third clock synchronization module receives the delay measurement request; Based on the first time and the second time, determine whether the first clock synchronization module has completed satellite time synchronization.
6. The seismic wave data acquisition method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device also includes: a seismic source; When the seismic waves are caused by the aforementioned seismic source, the third seismic wave data is used for geological structure prediction; When the seismic wave is not caused by the earthquake source, the third seismic wave data is used for rockburst risk prediction.
7. A seismic wave data acquisition device, characterized in that, The device includes: a host computer, a trigger, a trigger sensor, and multiple wireless data acquisition devices. The trigger sensor is connected to the trigger, and the trigger and the multiple wireless data acquisition devices are time-synchronized. The device is used to perform the seismic wave data acquisition method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The seismic wave data acquisition device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The device also includes a three-component sensor mounted on each of the wireless acquisition units.
9. The seismic wave data acquisition device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The device further includes a network communication module that is communicatively connected to the host computer, the trigger, the trigger sensor, and the plurality of wireless data acquisition devices.
10. A seismic wave data acquisition system, characterized in that, The system includes: a third clock synchronization module that has completed satellite time synchronization, and a seismic wave data acquisition device as described in any one of claims 7 to 9, which is communicatively connected to the third clock synchronization module.