Adjustable tension-compression bending-shear-torsion combined loading test device and method

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of aeronautical technology mechanics test, and particularly relates to a kind of adjustable tension-compression bending-shear torsion composite loading test device and method.The device comprises: a test piece has a test piece clamping end, a test piece loading end, and a target section between the test piece clamping end and the test piece loading end;The test piece clamping end is fixed by a test piece clamping end clamp;The test piece loading end is fixed by a loading end fixing clamp;The loading end fixing clamp is fixed by a loading end loading clamp;The pull rod comprises a left pull rod and a right pull rod, the left pull rod is fixedly installed on the left side of the loading clamp on the loading end, the right pull rod is fixedly installed on the right side of the loading clamp on the loading end, and the axis of the left pull rod and the right pull rod coincides, and the left pull rod and the right pull rod are connected with a driving system.The application can be suitable for different composite loading conditions, and the driving system is simple, low in cost and easy to realize.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of aeronautical mechanical testing, and specifically relates to an adjustable tensile-compression-bending-shear-torsion composite loading test device and method. Background Technology

[0002] In the design of structural components, it is necessary to evaluate the mechanical response of typical structural components under combined loading of tension, compression, bending, shear and torsion through mechanical testing methods.

[0003] Currently, mechanical testing and evaluation of typical structural components mostly employ single-load methods for tension, compression, bending, shear, and torsion, or simple combined loading methods such as tension-bending, compression-bending, bending-shear, and tension-shear. These methods are insufficient to reflect the mechanical response of typical structural components under actual combined tension, compression, bending, shear, and torsion loading. Existing combined tension, compression, bending, shear, and torsion loading methods typically use four or more motors to simultaneously apply tension, compression, bending, shear, and torsion loads to the test specimen. This method requires complex equipment, is costly, and is difficult to implement in practical applications. Therefore, to better evaluate the mechanical response of typical structural components under actual combined tension, compression, bending, shear, and torsion loading, a combined tension-compression-bending-shear-torsion loading test device and method need to be designed.

[0004] Therefore, it is desirable to have a technical solution to overcome or at least mitigate one of the aforementioned defects of the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide an adjustable tensile-compression-bending-shear-torsion combined loading test device and method to solve at least one problem existing in the prior art.

[0006] The technical solution of this application is:

[0007] This application provides an adjustable tension-compression-bending-shear-torsion combined loading test device, comprising:

[0008] The test specimen has a test specimen clamping end, a test specimen loading end, and a target cross section located between the test specimen clamping end and the test specimen loading end;

[0009] The test specimen clamping end fixture is used to fix the test specimen clamping end;

[0010] The loading end fixing clamp includes an upper loading end fixing clamp and a lower loading end fixing clamp. The upper loading end fixing clamp and the lower loading end fixing clamp are connected by bolts, and the loading end of the test piece is fixed by the loading end fixing clamp.

[0011] The loading end loading fixture includes an upper loading end loading fixture and a lower loading end loading fixture. The upper loading end loading fixture and the lower loading end loading fixture are connected by bolts, and the loading end fixing fixture is fixed by the loading end loading fixture.

[0012] The pull rod includes a left pull rod and a right pull rod. The left pull rod is fixedly installed on the left side of the loading fixture on the loading end, and the right pull rod is fixedly installed on the right side of the loading fixture on the loading end. The axes of the left pull rod and the right pull rod coincide. Both the left pull rod and the right pull rod are connected to the drive system.

[0013] In at least one embodiment of this application, the loading end of the test piece is connected to the loading end fixing fixture by means of adhesive bonding or fastener connection.

[0014] In at least one embodiment of this application, the outer side of the loading end fixing clamp is provided with a first serrated surface, and the inner side of the loading end loading clamp is provided with a second serrated surface adapted to the first serrated surface.

[0015] In at least one embodiment of this application, the axes of the left tie rod and the right tie rod are perpendicular to the shear load direction, the tensile load direction, and the compressive load direction, respectively, and the axes are at the same height as the center point of the target cross-section.

[0016] In at least one embodiment of this application, the drive system includes:

[0017] The force-sharing beam is connected to the testing machine;

[0018] The suspension ropes include a left suspension rope and a right suspension rope. The left suspension rope connects the left pull rod to the force-sharing beam, and the right suspension rope connects the right pull rod to the force-sharing beam.

[0019] The second aspect of this application provides an adjustable tension-compression-bending-shear-torsion combined loading test method, based on the adjustable tension-compression-bending-shear-torsion combined loading test apparatus as described above, comprising:

[0020] Obtain the parameters of the load to be loaded;

[0021] Calculate the loading parameters based on the load parameters;

[0022] A combined tension-compression-bending-shear-torsion loading test was conducted based on the loading parameters.

[0023] In at least one embodiment of this application, calculating the loading parameters based on the load parameters includes:

[0024] Based on the tensile or compressive load P, shear load Q, bending moment M, and torque T, determine the following loading parameters respectively:

[0025]

[0026] Where F1 is the tensile load applied to the right tie rod, θ1 is the angle between F1 and the axial direction of the test piece, F2 is the tensile load applied to the left tie rod, θ2 is the angle between F2 and the axial direction of the test piece, a is the distance between the points of action of F1 and F2, and L is the distance between the axes of the left and right tie rods and the target section.

[0027] The invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:

[0028] The adjustable tension-compression-bending-shear-torsion composite loading test device of this application can perform tension, compression, bending, shear and torsion composite loading tests on typical structural components. It is easy to adjust and can be applied to different composite loading conditions. Moreover, the drive system is simple, low-cost and easy to implement. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an adjustable tension-compression-bending-shear-torsion combined loading test device according to one embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a side view of a fixing fixture on the loading end according to one embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a top view of a fixing fixture on the loading end according to one embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a side view of the loading end fixing fixture according to one embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a top view of the loading end fixing fixture according to one embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a front view of a loading fixture on the loading end according to one embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a bottom view of a loading fixture on the loading end according to one embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a front view of the loading fixture at the loading end according to one embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 9 This is a top view of a loading fixture at the loading end according to one embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the load parameters to be loaded according to one embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of loading parameters for one embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of loading parameters under a composite loading condition according to one embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of loading parameters under a composite loading condition, according to another embodiment of this application.

[0042] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of a single-drive system with composite loading according to one embodiment of this application.

[0043] in:

[0044] 1-Test specimen; 2-Test specimen clamping end fixture; 3-Upper fixing fixture at the loading end; 4-Lower fixing fixture at the loading end; 5-Upper loading fixture at the loading end; 6-Lower loading fixture at the loading end; 7-Left tie rod; 8-Right tie rod; 9-Force-sharing beam; 10-Lifting rope. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of this application. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. The embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0047] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1 to 14 This application will be described in further detail.

[0048] The first aspect of this application provides an adjustable tension-compression-bending-shear-torsion combined loading test device, comprising: a test piece 1, a test piece clamping end clamp 2, a loading end fixing clamp, a loading end loading clamp, and a pull rod connected to a drive system.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, test piece 1 has a test piece clamping end, a test piece loading end, and a target cross-section located between the test piece clamping end and the test piece loading end; the test piece clamping end is fixed by the test piece clamping end fixture 2. The part of the test piece from the target cross-section to the test piece clamping end has the same structural form as the part of a typical structural component from the target cross-section to the clamping structure.

[0050] like Figure 2-5 As shown, the loading end fixing fixture includes an upper loading end fixing fixture 3 and a lower loading end fixing fixture 4, used to fix the loading end of the test specimen. The upper loading end fixing fixture 3 and the lower loading end fixing fixture 4 together form a receiving cavity for the loading end of the test specimen. After the loading end of the test specimen is clamped by the upper loading end fixing fixture 3 and the lower loading end fixing fixture 4, the upper loading end fixing fixture 3 and the lower loading end fixing fixture 4 are connected by bolts, thereby fixing the loading end of the test specimen by the loading end fixing fixture. Preferably, under large load conditions, in order to improve the assembly stability of the test specimen 1, the loading end of the test specimen is connected to the loading end fixing fixture by adhesive bonding or fastener connection.

[0051] like Figure 6-9 As shown, the loading end loading fixture includes an upper loading end loading fixture 5 and a lower loading end loading fixture 6. The upper loading end loading fixture 5 and the lower loading end loading fixture 6 together form a receiving cavity for the loading end fixing fixture. After the loading end fixing fixture is clamped by the upper loading end loading fixture 5 and the lower loading end loading fixture 6, the upper loading end loading fixture 5 and the lower loading end loading fixture 6 are connected by bolts, thereby fixing the loading end fixing fixture by the loading end loading fixture.

[0052] The pull rod includes a left pull rod 7 and a right pull rod 8. The left pull rod 7 is fixedly installed on the left side of the loading clamp 5 on the loading end, and the right pull rod 8 is fixedly installed on the right side of the loading clamp 5 on the loading end. The axes of the left pull rod 7 and the right pull rod 8 coincide. Both the left pull rod 7 and the right pull rod 8 are connected to the drive system.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the outer side of the loading end fixing clamp is provided with a first serrated surface, and the inner side of the loading end loading clamp is provided with a second serrated surface adapted to the first serrated surface. The first serrated surface and the second serrated surface have the same tooth shape. During assembly, the upper loading end fixing clamp 3 engages with the serrated surface of the upper loading end loading clamp 5, and the lower loading end fixing clamp 4 engages with the serrated surface of the lower loading end loading clamp 6. The position of the loading end loading clamp on the loading end fixing clamp can be adjusted by loosening the connecting bolts, so that the loading end loading clamp engages with the serrated surface of the loading end fixing clamp in the new position, and finally the connecting bolts are tightened again to fix them into one piece.

[0054] In this embodiment, the axes of the left tie rod 7 and the right tie rod 8 are perpendicular to the shear load direction, the tensile load direction, and the compressive load direction, respectively, and the axes are at the same height as the center point of the target cross section.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the drive system includes a force-sharing beam 9 and a suspension rope 10. The force-sharing beam 9 is connected to the testing machine. The suspension rope 10 includes a left suspension rope and a right suspension rope. The left suspension rope connects the left tie rod 7 to the force-sharing beam 9, and the right suspension rope connects the right tie rod 8 to the force-sharing beam 9. During the test, the drive system applies loads to the left and right tie rods, thereby achieving combined tension, compression, bending, shear, and torsion loading.

[0056] The adjustable tension-compression-bending-shear-torsion composite loading test device of this application, during the test, fixes the test piece 1 using the test piece clamping end clamp 2 and the loading end fixing clamp. By adjusting the relative position of the loading end clamp and the loading end fixing clamp, the distance from the axis of the left tie rod 7 and the right tie rod 8 to the target section is adjusted. At the same time, a certain angle and a certain magnitude of tension are applied to the left and right tie rods respectively, so that the equivalent force and moment generated by the tension at both ends of the tie rods on the target section of the test piece 1 are exactly equal to the composite loading required to be applied to the target section of the typical structural component under study. Since the structural form of the part from the target section of the test piece 1 to the test piece clamping end is the same as that of the part from the target section of the typical structural component to the clamping structure, and the equivalent force and moment on the target section of the test piece 1 are exactly equal to the required composite loading on the target section of the typical structural component, the mechanical response of the test piece 1 from the target section to the test piece clamping end is the mechanical response of the typical structural component under study.

[0057] The second aspect of this application provides an adjustable tension-compression-bending-shear-torsion combined loading test method, employing the aforementioned adjustable tension-compression-bending-shear-torsion combined loading test apparatus, the method comprising:

[0058] Obtain the parameters of the load to be loaded;

[0059] Calculate the loading parameters based on the load parameters;

[0060] A combined tensile, compressive, bending, shear, and torsion loading test was conducted based on the loading parameters.

[0061] Study the combined loading requirements of typical structural components, such as... Figure 10 As shown, the load parameters to be applied include a tensile or compressive load P along the axis of the test specimen, a shear load Q perpendicular to the upward direction of the test specimen, a bending moment M along the upward direction of the test specimen, and a torque T in the counterclockwise direction. The tensile load and the shear load are orthogonal, and the point of application of the combined loading is located at the center point of the target section.

[0062] like Figure 11As shown, a tensile or compressive load F1 is applied to the right tie rod at the loading end, with an angle θ1 between F1 and the axial direction of the test piece. A tensile or compressive load F2 is applied to the left tie rod at the loading end, with an angle θ2 between F2 and the axial direction of the test piece. Both F1 and F2 are perpendicular to the axes of the left and right tie rods. The points of application of F1 and F2 are symmetrical and a distance a between them. The distance between the axes of the left and right tie rods and the target section is L (this distance can be changed by adjusting the relative position of the loading clamp and the fixing clamp at the loading end).

[0063] Based on the tensile or compressive load P, shear load Q, bending moment M, and torque T, determine the following loading parameters respectively:

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] By designing the test loading according to the above relationship, the equivalent force and moment on the target section of test piece 1 can be exactly P, Q, M, and T, which is the same as the required composite loading on the target section of a typical structural component. Therefore, the mechanical response from the target section to the clamping part of test piece 1 is the same as the mechanical response from the target section to the clamping structure part of the typical structural component under study.

[0067] For different composite loading requirements of typical structural components, the values ​​of F1, F2, θ1, θ2, and L in the device can be directly adjusted. For the same test specimen and the same test apparatus, under a composite loading condition, the loading situation of the test apparatus is as follows: Figure 12 Under another combined loading condition, the loading of the test device was as follows: Figure 13 The values ​​of F1, F2, θ1, and θ2 can be achieved by directly adjusting the load on the left and right tie rods. The value of L can be adjusted by loosening the clamp connecting bolts, adjusting the position of the loading end clamp on the loading end fixed clamp as needed, so that the sawtooth surface of the loading end clamp meshes with the sawtooth surface of the loading end fixed clamp in a suitable position, and then tightening the connecting bolts to make them fixed as one unit.

[0068] It is understandable that when P is 0, bending-shear-torsion loading can be achieved; when M is 0, tension / compression-shear-torsion loading can be achieved; when T is 0, tension / compression-bending-shear loading can be achieved; when M and T are both 0, tension / compression-shear loading can be achieved; when P and T are both 0, bending-shear loading can be achieved; and when P and M are both 0, shear-torsion loading can be achieved. Furthermore, for tension / compression-bending-shear loading, tension / compression-shear loading, and bending-shear loading, since T is 0, the load magnitudes on the left and right tie rods are equal and the directions are the same. Therefore, the experiment can be completed using only one drive system, such as... Figure 14 As shown.

[0069] This application discloses an adjustable tension-compression-bending-shear-torsion combined loading test apparatus and method, which can evaluate the mechanical response of typical structural components subjected to tension-compression-bending-shear-torsion combined loading conditions. Furthermore, the matching test fixture can be adjusted according to the different combined loading requirements of the typical structural component, adjusting the magnitude and direction of the load on the left and right tie rods, as well as the distance between the axis of the left and right tie rods and the target section, to meet the testing needs of the same specimen under different combined loading conditions, avoiding the need to redesign the test fixture when the loading conditions change. Compared with existing multi-motor drive methods, this application can achieve tension-compression-bending-shear combined loading with only one drive system, and tension-compression-bending-shear-torsion combined loading with two drive systems, greatly reducing the complexity of the test drive and significantly reducing the test cost.

[0070] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An adjustable tensile-compression-bending-shear-torsion combined loading test device, characterized in that, include: The test piece (1) has a test piece clamping end, a test piece loading end, and a target cross section located between the test piece clamping end and the test piece loading end; The test specimen clamping end fixture (2) is used to fix the test specimen clamping end; The loading end fixing clamp includes an upper loading end fixing clamp (3) and a lower loading end fixing clamp (4). The upper loading end fixing clamp (3) and the lower loading end fixing clamp (4) are connected by bolts, and the loading end of the test piece is fixed by the loading end fixing clamp. The loading end loading fixture includes an upper loading end loading fixture (5) and a lower loading end loading fixture (6). The upper loading end loading fixture (5) and the lower loading end loading fixture (6) are connected by bolts. The loading end fixing fixture is fixed by the loading end loading fixture. The pull rod includes a left pull rod (7) and a right pull rod (8). The left pull rod (7) is fixedly installed on the left side of the loading clamp (5) on the loading end, and the right pull rod (8) is fixedly installed on the right side of the loading clamp (5) on the loading end. The axes of the left pull rod (7) and the right pull rod (8) coincide. Both the left pull rod (7) and the right pull rod (8) are connected to the drive system. The outer side of the loading end fixing clamp is provided with a first serrated surface, and the inner side of the loading end loading clamp is provided with a second serrated surface that is adapted to the first serrated surface. The drive system includes: The force-sharing beam (9) is connected to the testing machine; The suspension rope (10) includes a left suspension rope and a right suspension rope. The left suspension rope connects the left pull rod (7) to the force-sharing beam (9), and the right suspension rope connects the right pull rod (8) to the force-sharing beam (9).

2. The adjustable tension-compression-bending-shear-torsion combined loading test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The loading end of the test piece is connected to the loading end fixing fixture by means of adhesive bonding or fastener connection.

3. The adjustable tension-compression-bending-shear-torsion combined loading test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axes of the left tie rod (7) and the right tie rod (8) are perpendicular to the shear load direction, the tensile load direction, and the compressive load direction, respectively, and the axes are at the same height as the center point of the target cross section.

4. An adjustable tensile-compression-bending-shear-torsion combined loading test method, based on the adjustable tensile-compression-bending-shear-torsion combined loading test device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, include: Obtain the parameters of the load to be loaded; Calculate the loading parameters based on the load parameters; A combined tension-compression-bending-shear-torsion loading test was conducted based on the loading parameters.

5. The adjustable tension-compression-bending-shear-torsion combined loading test method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The loading parameters are calculated based on the load parameters, including: Based on the tensile or compressive load P, shear load Q, bending moment M, and torque T, determine the following loading parameters respectively: ； ； ； ； ； Where F1 is the tensile load applied to the right tie rod, θ1 is the angle between F1 and the axial direction of the test piece, F2 is the tensile load applied to the left tie rod, θ2 is the angle between F2 and the axial direction of the test piece, a is the distance between the points of action of F1 and F2, and L is the distance between the axes of the left and right tie rods and the target section.

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