High ductility fiber reinforced babbitt alloy wire and method of making

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of bearing alloys, in particular to a high-plasticity fiber-reinforced babbitt alloy wire and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1. taking a babbitt alloy wire containing reinforcing fibers, which is recorded as alloy wire A; taking a pure babbitt alloy wire, which is recorded as alloy wire B; S2. arranging a plurality of alloy wires B in the form of twisting or parallel arrangement on the outside of the alloy wire A to perform plying, and welding and fixing the two ends to obtain a single multi-strand wire, which is recorded as a preformed wire material; and S3. preheating and drawing the preformed wire material to combine the multi-strand wires together, so that the high-plasticity fiber-reinforced babbitt alloy wire is obtained. The babbitt alloy wire prepared by the method has reinforcing fibers located in the core of the alloy wire, and the outside is pure babbitt alloy; the plasticity of the whole alloy wire is good, the wire is not easy to break during use, the interface wettability of the steel matrix is good, and the fiber scattering and high-temperature burning loss can be inhibited during the additive manufacturing process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bearing alloy technology, and more specifically, to a high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Babbitt metal, also known as bearing alloy, is a low-melting-point alloy with hard granular phases distributed in a soft matrix. It exhibits excellent embedding and compliance properties and is widely used in anti-friction materials for sliding bearings. With the continuous emergence of large-scale, high-speed, and heavy-duty industrial machinery, the requirements for high-temperature resistance, high load-bearing capacity, and low coefficient of friction in Babbitt metal are increasing. Introducing reinforcing fibers into Babbitt metal is an ideal solution, effectively improving its mechanical properties and high-temperature resistance.

[0003] However, the addition of fibers reduces the plasticity of Babbitt alloy. In existing methods for preparing fiber-reinforced Babbitt alloy wires, the reinforcing fibers are distributed across the entire cross-section of the wire (e.g., Chinese patent applications with application numbers 202210291528.3 and 202210292735.0). Fiber agglomeration is unavoidable. In areas with agglomeration or excessive fiber density on the outer side of the wire, plasticity decreases sharply, making it prone to crack initiation under tensile stress. As the bending angle increases, the cracks propagate inward, eventually leading to fracture. Furthermore, in applications such as CMT arc additive manufacturing and TIG welding, Babbitt alloy wires require frequent and repeated bending during the wire feeding process, with bending angles reaching 150 degrees in some applications. Due to their poor plasticity, existing fiber-reinforced Babbitt alloy wires are prone to breakage during practical use, severely impacting their usability.

[0004] Furthermore, the existing fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire has poor interfacial wettability. During additive manufacturing, the reinforcing fibers are easily scattered and lost due to low density and welding spatter. They are also prone to burning at high temperatures, resulting in poor arc stability, high fiber loss rate, and poor interlayer bonding quality of the prepared bushing.

[0005] In view of this, the present invention is hereby proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The first objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing a high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt alloy wire. The Babbitt alloy wire prepared by the method of this invention has reinforcing fibers located in the core of the alloy wire and pure Babbitt alloy on the outside. The entire alloy wire has good plasticity, is not easy to break during use, and has good interfacial wettability with the steel matrix. It can suppress fiber scattering and high-temperature burn-off during additive manufacturing.

[0007] The second objective of this invention is to provide a high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire, which is prepared by the method described above.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objectives of the present invention, the following technical solution is adopted:

[0009] A method for preparing a high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire includes the following steps:

[0010] S1. Take a Babbitt alloy wire containing reinforcing fibers, and denote it as alloy wire A; take a pure Babbitt alloy wire, and denote it as alloy wire B;

[0011] S2. Multiple alloy wires B are stranded or arranged in parallel on the outside of alloy wire A and the two ends are welded and fixed to obtain a single multi-strand wire, which is called a preformed wire.

[0012] S3. The preformed wire is preheated and drawn to combine multiple strands together to obtain the high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt alloy wire.

[0013] Preferably, the ratio of the diameter of the alloy wire A to the diameter of the preformed wire is 0.55-0.80.

[0014] Preferably, the diameter of alloy wire A is 1.2-3.2 mm, and the diameter of alloy wire B is 0.2-0.5 mm.

[0015] Preferably, 10-30 alloy wires B are provided on the outer side of one alloy wire A.

[0016] Preferably, the high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire comprises 100 parts Babbitt alloy and 0.5-6 parts reinforcing fiber by weight.

[0017] Preferably, the Babbitt alloy comprises 8-9 parts antimony, 5-8 parts copper, and 84-87 parts tin by weight.

[0018] Preferably, the reinforcing fibers comprise carbon fibers and / or glass fibers.

[0019] More preferably, the reinforcing fiber comprises 0.25-3 parts by weight of carbon fiber and 0.25-3 parts by weight of glass fiber.

[0020] Preferably, the preparation method of the alloy wire A and the alloy wire B includes the following steps:

[0021] S11. Prepare the base material according to the proportion of Babbitt alloy in the high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt alloy wire, and melt the base material to obtain a melt. Divide the melt into two parts, denoted as the first melt and the second melt.

[0022] S12. Take the first melt and cast it to obtain a pure Babbitt alloy billet;

[0023] Take the second melt, add the reinforcing fiber at 280-320℃, stir evenly and cast to obtain a billet containing the reinforcing fiber;

[0024] S13. The rod blank containing the reinforcing fiber is extruded to obtain the alloy wire A;

[0025] The pure Babbitt alloy billet is extruded and drawn to obtain the alloy wire B.

[0026] Preferably, in step S3, the preheating temperature is 60-80℃.

[0027] Preferably, in step S3, the diameter of the drawn wire is 0.85-0.90 times the diameter of the wire before drawing.

[0028] Preferably, the diameter of the high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire is 1.6-4 mm.

[0029] Preferably, the elongation of the high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire is 10%-20%.

[0030] A high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire is prepared by the preparation method of high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire described in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0032] (1) The fiber-reinforced Babbitt alloy wire prepared by the method of the present invention consists of an outer layer of pure Babbitt alloy and a core containing reinforcing fibers. The pure Babbitt alloy with good plasticity is located on the outside, which can better withstand tensile stress during use, effectively prevent the generation and extension of cracks, and delay fracture. The core containing reinforcing fibers has poor plasticity, but has little impact on the overall plasticity of the alloy wire. Because the core mainly bears compressive stress when bending, the plasticity of this structure is better. Under the same fiber content, it can be bent at a larger angle without breaking, which can solve the problem of easy wire breakage during the use of traditional fiber-reinforced Babbitt alloy wire.

[0033] (2) The outer pure Babbitt alloy layer has a low melting point and a lower wetting angle on the steel matrix compared to Babbitt alloy with reinforcing fibers, significantly improving interfacial wettability. The lead wetting mechanism ensures that the subsequently molten core material can be evenly spread, forming a dense metallurgical bond. The high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt alloy wire prepared by this invention exhibits good arc stability during welding, reducing fiber spatter and burn-off, significantly lowering the fiber loss rate, and significantly improving the interlayer bonding quality. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0035] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the stranded structure of alloy wire A and alloy wire B provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional microstructure diagram of the alloy wire A core in Example 1;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional microstructure diagram of the alloy wire B core in Example 1;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional microstructure diagram of the interface between alloy wire A and alloy wire B in the finished wire of Example 1, with the left side closer to the wire surface. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the embodiments described below are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments, and are only used to illustrate the present invention, and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Where specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall be followed. Where the manufacturers of reagents or instruments are not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0040] The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire, comprising the following steps:

[0041] S1. Take a Babbitt alloy wire containing reinforcing fibers, and denote it as alloy wire A; take a pure Babbitt alloy wire, and denote it as alloy wire B;

[0042] S2. Multiple alloy wires B are arranged on the outside of alloy wire A in a twisted or parallel manner (e.g., Figure 1 (As shown), and weld the two ends to fix them to prevent the wire from spreading out, to obtain a single multi-strand wire, which is called preformed wire;

[0043] S3. Preheat and draw the pre-formed wire to combine multiple strands together to obtain high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt alloy wire.

[0044] The fiber-reinforced Babbitt alloy wire prepared by the method of this invention has a core of Babbitt alloy containing reinforcing fibers and an outer layer of pure Babbitt alloy. In this composite structure, the pure Babbitt alloy with better plasticity is located on the outer side, which can better withstand tensile stress during use, effectively preventing the initiation and propagation of cracks and delaying fracture. The core material has poor plasticity due to the presence of reinforcing fibers, but it has little impact on the overall plasticity of the alloy wire because the core mainly bears compressive stress during bending. According to the plastic deformation mechanism, when the wire is bent, the outer material is subjected to tensile stress, and the inner material is subjected to compressive stress. Plastic deformation mainly occurs on the side subjected to tensile stress (the outer side). If the material with better plasticity is located on the outer side (the tensile stress area), it can better withstand tensile deformation and delay the initiation and propagation of cracks. Therefore, when the fiber content is the same, compared with traditional Babbitt wires whose entire cross-section contains reinforcing fibers, the composite structure wire prepared by the method of this invention has better plasticity and can be bent at a larger angle without breaking. It can solve the problem of wire breakage caused by the frequent bending during the wire feeding process when traditional fiber-reinforced Babbitt wires are used in CMT arc additive manufacturing, argon arc welding, etc., and can significantly improve the performance.

[0045] Furthermore, the fiber-reinforced Babbitt alloy wire with the above-mentioned composite structure prepared by the method of the present invention exhibits good interfacial wettability with the matrix and can effectively solve the technical problems of easy scattering, loss, and high-temperature burn-off of reinforcing fibers during additive manufacturing in the prior art. This is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0046] (1) The lead wetting function is optimized. The outer pure Babbitt alloy has a lower melting point and melts first in the CMT process and comes into contact with the steel substrate. According to the wetting angle test data, the wetting angle of pure Babbitt alloy on the steel substrate is reduced by about 15-20° compared with Babbitt alloy containing reinforcing fibers, and the melting point is reduced by 10℃-30℃, which significantly improves the interfacial wettability. This lead wetting mechanism ensures that the core material that is melted later can be spread evenly and form a dense metallurgical bond.

[0047] (2) Enhanced fiber protection mechanism: Compared with the traditional hybrid structure, this structure significantly reduces the loss rate of reinforcing fibers. The outer melt pool forms a temperature barrier, keeping the core reinforcing fibers in a relatively low temperature zone. The outer pure Babbitt alloy first forms a melt pool, and the reinforcing fibers in the subsequently melted core material can be wrapped by the melt pool. The melt pool wrapping effect effectively inhibits fiber scattering. The layered melting mechanism reduces the time that fibers are exposed to high temperature environment.

[0048] (3) High temperature protection performance: This structure can increase the critical burn-off temperature of the reinforcing fiber by about 50-100℃. Specifically, the outer melt pool forms a physical isolation to reduce heat conduction. The Sn element in the melt pool forms a protective oxide film on the surface of the reinforcing fiber. The layered structure realizes thermal gradient control, so that the core temperature is always lower than the oxidation threshold of the reinforcing fiber (about 450℃).

[0049] Compared with traditional fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire, the composite structure of this invention exhibits better process stability during CMT, significantly improved arc stability, reduced spatter by more than 50%, good interfacial wettability to the matrix, and significantly improved interlayer bonding quality.

[0050] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the ratio of the diameter of alloy wire A to the diameter of the preformed wire is 0.55-0.80. For example, it can be any one value or a range of any two values ​​from 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, and 0.8. If this ratio is too large, the outer pure Babbitt alloy layer will be too thin, failing to effectively suppress crack propagation, resulting in poor plasticity improvement and ineffective suppression of fiber splashing and burn-off. If this ratio is too small, the improvement in friction reduction and wear resistance, tensile strength, and thermal conductivity will be insufficient, limiting the overall fiber content and making it difficult to apply to high-speed, high-load applications; furthermore, the increased number of alloy wires B leads to higher twisting costs.

[0051] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the diameter of alloy wire A is 1.2-3.2 mm, for example, it can be any one value or a range of any two values ​​among 1.2 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.8 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 3 mm, and 3.2 mm; the diameter of alloy wire B is 0.2-0.5 mm, for example, it can be any one value or a range of any two values ​​among 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, and 0.5 mm.

[0052] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, 10-30 alloy wires B are provided on the outer side of an alloy wire A. For example, the value can be any one value or a range of any two points from 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, 25, and 30.

[0053] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt alloy wire obtained by mass includes 100 parts Babbitt alloy and 0.5-6 parts reinforcing fiber. For example, the reinforcing fiber can be any one value or a range of any two values ​​from 0.5 parts, 1 part, 2 parts, 3 parts, 4 parts, 5 parts, and 6 parts.

[0054] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the Babbitt alloy in the high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire comprises 8-9 parts of antimony, 5-8 parts of copper and 84-87 parts of tin by mass; for example, it can be SnSb8Cu5, SnSb8Cu8 or SnSb9Cu7.

[0055] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the reinforcing fibers used include carbon fibers and / or glass fibers.

[0056] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the reinforcing fiber comprises 0.25-3 parts by weight of carbon fiber and 0.25-3 parts by weight of glass fiber. For example, the weight percentages of carbon fiber and glass fiber can be independently selected from any one value or a range of any two values ​​among 0.25 parts, 0.5 parts, 1 part, 1.5 parts, 2 parts, 2.5 parts, and 3 parts. Carbon fiber is relatively expensive, but its cost can be effectively reduced by combining it with glass fiber. Furthermore, carbon fiber provides high strength and stiffness, while glass fiber provides toughness and impact resistance. The composite addition of these two fibers achieves complementary performance, avoiding the limitations of a single fiber. Specifically: the synergistic effect of the two fibers can more effectively disperse stress, reduce stress concentration, and improve the overall load-bearing capacity of the material; the addition of glass fiber can improve the plasticity of the alloy and enhance extrusion molding properties, while carbon fiber can maintain the strength and stiffness of the material. The composite addition of these two fibers can improve the flowability of the material during extrusion and improve the surface quality of the filaments. In addition, the addition of glass fiber can inhibit the propagation of fatigue cracks, while the high stiffness of carbon fiber can delay crack initiation. The synergy of the two can improve the fatigue resistance of the material, while adding glass fiber or carbon fiber alone has no significant improvement on the fatigue resistance of the material, indicating that the composite of carbon fiber and glass fiber produces a synergistic effect.

[0057] In this invention, alloy wire A and alloy wire B can be obtained by purchase or by preparation; wherein alloy wire A containing reinforcing fibers can be obtained by melting and extrusion or by other means.

[0058] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the preparation methods of alloy wire A and alloy wire B include the following steps:

[0059] S11. Prepare the base material according to the proportion of Babbitt alloy in the high-plasticity fiber reinforced Babbitt alloy wire, and melt the base material to obtain the melt. Divide the melt into two parts, denoted as the first melt and the second melt.

[0060] S12. Take the first melt and cast it to obtain a pure Babbitt alloy billet;

[0061] Take the second melt, add reinforcing fibers at 280-320℃, stir evenly and cast to obtain a Babbitt alloy billet containing reinforcing fibers;

[0062] S13. Extruding a Babbitt alloy rod blank containing reinforcing fibers yields alloy wire A;

[0063] Pure Babbitt alloy billets are extruded and drawn to obtain alloy wire B.

[0064] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, in step S11, the distribution ratio of the melt is determined according to the wire diameter and quantity of alloy wire A and alloy wire B.

[0065] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, in step S12, the stirring speed is 500-550 rad / min, for example, it can be any one value or a range of any two values ​​among 500 rad / min, 510 rad / min, 520 rad / min, 530 rad / min, 540 rad / min, and 550 rad / min; the purpose of stirring is to uniformly disperse the reinforcing fibers.

[0066] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, in step S12, the diameter of both the pure Babbitt alloy billet and the Babbitt alloy billet containing reinforcing fibers is 50-60 mm. For example, it can be any one value or a range of any two values ​​among 50 mm, 52 mm, 55 mm, 58 mm, and 60 mm.

[0067] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, in step S13, the extrusion temperature of alloy wire A is 140-180°C, for example, it can be any one value or a range of any two values ​​among 140°C, 150°C, 160°C, 170°C, and 180°C; the preheating temperature before extrusion is 100-130°C, for example, it can be any one value or a range of any two values ​​among 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, and 130°C; the extrusion pressure is 450-920 MPa, for example, it can be any one value or a range of any two values ​​among 450 MPa, 500 MPa, 550 MPa, 600 MPa, 700 MPa, 800 MPa, 900 MPa, and 920 MPa.

[0068] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, in step S13, the extrusion temperature of alloy wire B is 120-140°C, for example, it can be any one value or a range of any two values ​​among 120°C, 125°C, 130°C, 135°C, and 140°C; the preheating temperature before extrusion is 100-120°C, for example, it can be any one value or a range of any two values ​​among 100°C, 105°C, 110°C, 115°C, and 120°C; the extrusion pressure is 400-500 MPa, for example, it can be any one value or a range of any two values ​​among 400 MPa, 420 MPa, 450 MPa, 480 MPa, and 500 MPa.

[0069] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, step S13 further includes a step of roughening alloy wire A, the purpose of which is to facilitate subsequent stranding and improve the bonding force between alloy wire A and alloy wire B.

[0070] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, in step S3, the preheating temperature is 60-80°C, and water bath heating is used; for example, the preheating temperature can be any one value or a range of any two values ​​among 60°C, 65°C, 70°C, 75°C, and 80°C; the purpose of preheating before drawing is to improve the plasticity of the filament.

[0071] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, in step S3, the diameter of the drawn wire is 0.85-0.90 of the diameter of the wire before drawing. For example, it can be any one value or a range of any two values ​​among 0.85, 0.86, 0.87, 0.88, 0.89, and 0.90.

[0072] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the diameter of the high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire prepared by the method of the present invention is 1.6-4 mm. For example, it can be any value from 1.6 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm, 3 mm, 3.5 mm, 4 mm, or any two values ​​within a range. The fiber extrusion homogenization effect mainly depends on the extrusion ratio. When the extrusion ratio meets the requirements, the material undergoes sufficient shear deformation, which can break up fiber agglomerates; if the extrusion ratio is too small, the deformation penetration depth is insufficient, and agglomerates are easily left in the core. Currently, due to the limitations of the size of the extruder and the requirements for fiber homogenization, the diameter range of fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire is usually 1.2 mm-3.2 mm. The fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire with a composite structure prepared by the method of the present invention can break through the wire size range and prepare fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire with a larger wire diameter range, reaching 1.6 mm-4 mm. In addition to CMT welding, it can also be applied to repair welding and surfacing scenarios such as argon arc welding and flame welding, thus broadening the application scenarios of fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire.

[0073] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the elongation of the high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire is 10%-20%, for example, it can be any one value or a range of any two values ​​among 10%, 12%, 14%, 15%, 18%, and 20%; compared with traditional fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire, the elongation is significantly improved, the plasticity is better, and the performance is better.

[0074] A second aspect of the present invention provides a high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire, which is prepared by the method for preparing high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire described in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0075] The fiber-reinforced Babbitt alloy wire provided by this invention includes a Babbitt alloy wire core containing reinforcing fibers and a pure Babbitt alloy layer covering the outside of it. The outer pure Babbitt alloy layer has good plasticity, which can improve the overall plasticity of the alloy wire, improve its performance, and avoid wire breakage during the wire feeding process. This composite structure improves the stability of the additive manufacturing process, reduces fiber loss, and improves the interlayer bonding quality by optimizing the pilot wetting function, establishing a reinforcing fiber protection mechanism and high-temperature protection performance.

[0076] The following detailed description of some embodiments of the present invention is provided in conjunction with specific application examples. Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used in the embodiments can be obtained commercially available.

[0077] Example 1

[0078] This embodiment provides a high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire, which, by mass parts, consists of: 100 parts Babbitt alloy, 3 parts glass fiber, and 3 parts carbon fiber; wherein, the Babbitt alloy consists of 8 parts antimony, 5 parts copper, and 87 parts tin; the carbon fiber used is glue-free chopped carbon fiber with a length of 12 mm; the glass fiber used is high-silica glass fiber with a length of 5 mm.

[0079] The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0080] S1. Prepare alloy wire A and alloy wire B;

[0081] S11. Prepare the base material according to the Babbitt alloy ratio, melt the base material to obtain the melt, and divide the melt into two parts;

[0082] S12. Take a portion of the melt and cast it to obtain a pure Babbitt alloy billet without fibers, with a billet diameter of 60 mm;

[0083] Take the remaining melt, add carbon fiber and glass fiber at a temperature of 280℃ to 300℃, stir evenly at a speed of 530 rad / min and then cast to obtain a Babbitt alloy billet with reinforcing fiber and a billet diameter of 60 mm.

[0084] S13. Place the Babbitt alloy billet containing reinforcing fibers into the extrusion cylinder of the extruder, preheat the temperature to 120℃, extrude the temperature to 170℃, and extrude the pressure to 550MPa to obtain Babbitt alloy extruded wire with a wire diameter of 1.4mm, i.e. alloy wire A.

[0085] The surface of alloy wire A is roughened by ultrasonic treatment to facilitate subsequent take-up and stranding.

[0086] A pure Babbitt alloy billet without fibers is placed in the extrusion cylinder of an extruder. The preheating temperature is 100℃, the extrusion temperature is 130℃, and the extrusion pressure is 450MPa to obtain pure Babbitt alloy extruded wire with a diameter of 0.8mm. The pure Babbitt alloy extruded wire is then drawn multiple times using a wire drawing machine to obtain a pure Babbitt alloy wire with a diameter of 0.3mm, namely alloy wire B.

[0087] S2. Using one alloy wire A as the core material and 17 alloy wires B as the outer densely packed wires, a single multi-strand wire is obtained by densely packing them (the lengths of alloy wires A and B are the same, and the ratio of the number of alloy wires A and B prepared is 1:17). The ends of the multi-strand wire are welded and fixed by flame welding to prevent the wire from spreading out, and a pre-formed wire with a diameter of 2.0 mm is obtained.

[0088] S3. Preheat the pre-formed wire at 80℃ for 5 minutes; then draw and sizing it once using a water bath wire drawing machine at 80℃ to obtain a finished wire with a final diameter of 1.8mm, namely high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt alloy wire.

[0089] Example 2

[0090] This embodiment provides a high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire, which, by mass parts, consists of: 100 parts Babbitt alloy, 0.5 parts glass fiber, and 0.5 parts carbon fiber; wherein the Babbitt alloy consists of 8 parts antimony, 5 parts copper, and 87 parts tin; the carbon fiber used is glue-free chopped carbon fiber with a length of 12 mm; and the glass fiber used is high-silica glass fiber with a length of 5 mm.

[0091] The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0092] S1. Prepare alloy wire A and alloy wire B;

[0093] S11. Prepare the base material according to the Babbitt alloy ratio, melt the base material to obtain the melt, and divide the melt into two parts;

[0094] S12. Take a portion of the melt and cast it to obtain a pure Babbitt alloy billet without fibers, with a billet diameter of 60 mm;

[0095] Take the remaining melt, add carbon fiber and glass fiber at a temperature of 280℃ to 300℃, stir evenly at a speed of 530 rad / min and then cast to obtain a Babbitt alloy billet with reinforcing fiber and a billet diameter of 60 mm.

[0096] S13. Place the Babbitt alloy billet containing reinforcing fibers into the extrusion cylinder of an extruder, preheat at 120°C, extrusion at 160°C, and extrusion at 480MPa to obtain Babbitt alloy extruded wire with a wire diameter of 2.0mm, i.e. alloy wire A.

[0097] The surface of alloy wire A is roughened by ultrasonic treatment to facilitate subsequent take-up and stranding.

[0098] A pure Babbitt alloy billet without fibers is placed in the extrusion cylinder of an extruder. The preheating temperature is 100℃, the extrusion temperature is 130℃, and the extrusion pressure is 450MPa to obtain pure Babbitt alloy extruded wire with a diameter of 0.8mm. The pure Babbitt alloy extruded wire is then drawn multiple times using a wire drawing machine to obtain a pure Babbitt alloy wire with a diameter of 0.4mm, namely alloy wire B.

[0099] S2. Using one alloy wire A as the core material and 18 alloy wires B as the outer densely packed wires, a single multi-strand wire is obtained by densely packing them (the lengths of alloy wires A and B are the same, and the ratio of the number of alloy wires A and B prepared is 1:18). The ends of the multi-strand wire are then welded and fixed by spot welding to prevent the wire from spreading out, resulting in a pre-formed wire with a diameter of 2.8 mm.

[0100] S3. Preheat the pre-formed wire at 80℃ for 5 minutes; then draw and sizing it once using a water bath wire drawing machine at 80℃ to obtain a finished wire with a final diameter of 2.5mm, namely high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt alloy wire.

[0101] Example 3

[0102] This embodiment provides a high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire, which, by mass parts, consists of: 100 parts Babbitt alloy, 1.5 parts glass fiber, and 1.5 parts carbon fiber; wherein the Babbitt alloy consists of 8 parts antimony, 5 parts copper, and 87 parts tin; the carbon fiber used is glue-free chopped carbon fiber with a length of 12 mm; and the glass fiber used is high-silica glass fiber with a length of 5 mm.

[0103] The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0104] S1. Prepare alloy wire A and alloy wire B;

[0105] S11. Prepare the base material according to the Babbitt alloy ratio, melt the base material to obtain the melt, and divide the melt into two parts;

[0106] S12. Take a portion of the melt and cast it to obtain a pure Babbitt alloy billet without fibers, with a billet diameter of 60 mm;

[0107] Take the remaining melt, add carbon fiber and glass fiber at a temperature of 280℃ to 300℃, stir evenly at a speed of 530 rad / min and then cast to obtain a Babbitt alloy billet with reinforcing fiber and a billet diameter of 60 mm.

[0108] S13. Place the Babbitt alloy billet containing reinforcing fibers into the extrusion cylinder of an extruder, preheat at 120°C, extrusion at 170°C, and extrusion at 470MPa to obtain Babbitt alloy extruded wire with a wire diameter of 3.0mm, i.e. alloy wire A.

[0109] The surface of alloy wire A is roughened by ultrasonic treatment to facilitate subsequent take-up and stranding.

[0110] A pure Babbitt alloy billet without fibers is placed in the extrusion cylinder of an extruder. The preheating temperature is 100℃, the extrusion temperature is 130℃, and the extrusion pressure is 450MPa to obtain pure Babbitt alloy extruded wire with a diameter of 0.8mm. The pure Babbitt alloy extruded wire is then drawn multiple times using a wire drawing machine to obtain a pure Babbitt alloy wire with a diameter of 0.5mm, namely alloy wire B.

[0111] S2. Using one alloy wire A as the core material and 21 alloy wires B as the outer densely packed wires, a single multi-strand wire is obtained by densely packing them (the lengths of alloy wires A and B are the same, and the ratio of the number of alloy wires A and B prepared is 1:21). The ends of the multi-strand wire are welded and fixed by flame welding to prevent the wire from spreading out, and a pre-formed wire with a diameter of 4.0 mm is obtained.

[0112] S3. Preheat the pre-formed filament at 70℃ for 5 minutes; then draw and sizing it once using a water bath drawing machine at 70℃ to obtain a finished filament with a final diameter of 3.5mm, namely high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt alloy wire.

[0113] Example 4

[0114] Example 4 is similar to Example 1, except that the diameter of alloy wire A is 1.6 mm and the diameter of alloy wire B is 0.2 mm. One alloy wire A is used as the core material and 28 alloy wires B are used as the outer densely packed wires to obtain a single multi-strand wire. All other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

[0115] Comparative Example 1

[0116] Traditional preparation process

[0117] Comparative Example 1 is similar to Example 1, except that in step S11, the melt obtained by melting was not divided into two parts. Instead, carbon fiber and glass fiber were directly added to the entire melt at 280-300°C to prepare an ingot containing reinforcing fibers. The ingot was then extruded to obtain a Babbitt alloy extruded wire with a diameter of 2.0 mm. After one drawing, a fiber-reinforced Babbitt alloy wire with a final diameter of 1.8 mm was obtained. The remaining process conditions were the same as those for the preparation of alloy wire A in Example 1, and the composition and diameter of the finished wire were the same as those in Example 1.

[0118] Test case

[0119] (1) The elongation and maximum bending angle of the finished wires prepared in each embodiment and comparative example were tested. The elongation was tested according to standard GB / T228.1-2021. The maximum bending angle was tested as follows: (1) First, open the two arms of the angle ruler and place the finished welding wire between the two arms to ensure that the welding wire coincides with the center line; (2) Set the test fixture to fix one end of the welding wire and extend the other end of the welding wire by 100mm. The bending fulcrum is located at the starting point of the fixed end; (3) Bend the welding wire at a uniform speed of 5° / s and monitor the surface condition in real time; (4) When the welding wire breaks or a visible crack appears, stop bending immediately and record the angle at this time. This angle is the maximum bending angle. The minimum value of 3 tests is taken as the final result. A crack is defined as a continuous surface defect that is visible to the naked eye or a 10x magnifying glass. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0120] Table 1

[0121] Elongation (%) Maximum bending angle (°) Example 1 12 120 Example 2 20 160 Example 3 15 150 Example 4 10 100 Comparative Example 1 2.5 45

[0122] (2) The finished yarns in each embodiment and comparative example were used to prepare bushings, and the fiber loss rate and the bonding strength between the bushing and the matrix were tested.

[0123] CMT arc additive manufacturing process for bearing bushes: The equipment is an Austrian Fröhne welding machine (model: TransPlusSynergic 4000CMT) and a Swiss ABB robot system, model IRB2600-20 / 1.65.

[0124] (1) Before welding, the oxide film on the surface of the bearing workpiece must be removed by sandblasting, shot blasting, pickling, mechanical grinding, machining and other methods.

[0125] (2) Welding on the substrate surface adopts CMT welding mode, welding current 130A, welding speed 1200mm / min, lap rate 50%;

[0126] (3) After the bottom layer welding is completed, the weld surface is ground with a grinding device to remove surface oxide film, dust and other impurities that affect the welding quality;

[0127] (4) When performing CMT additive manufacturing on the surface of tin-based Babbitt alloy, the CMT welding mode is selected, the welding current is 70A, the welding speed is 720mm / min, and the overlap rate is 40%.

[0128] (5) The workpiece processed by CMT arc additive manufacturing process is machined to ensure that the shape, size, accuracy, roughness and other properties meet the process requirements.

[0129] The fiber loss rate test is based on the chemical dissolution method: utilizing the fact that the Babbitt matrix (Sn-Sb-Cu) can be dissolved by specific acids, and that carbon fiber / glass fiber is resistant to acids and alkalis, the fiber content is calculated by the mass difference.

[0130] step:

[0131] Sampling: Cut 10-20cm of finished filament and weigh it accurately (recorded as m0);

[0132] Dissolving the matrix: Immerse the sample in a solution of analytical grade HNO and HCl (1:3, constant temperature at 80℃, 0.2-0.5 hours) until the alloy is completely dissolved;

[0133] Filtration and cleaning: Filter residual fibers with a 0.5μm pore size filter membrane and rinse with deionized water until neutral;

[0134] Drying and weighing: Dry at 105℃ for 2 hours, then weigh the fiber (m). f );

[0135] Calculation: Fiber content w f =m f / m0×100%. This is combined with metallographic analysis.

[0136] The strength test is based on GB / T 12948-1991 Destructive Test Method for Bimetallic Bond Strength of Sliding Bearings.

[0137] The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0138] Table 2

[0139] Fiber loss rate (%) Bond strength (MPa) Example 1 10 82 Example 2 10 80 Example 3 12 75 Example 4 17 70 Comparative Example 1 30 70

[0140] like Figure 2 As shown, alloy wire A has reinforcing fibers distributed within it; as Figure 3 As shown, there is no reinforcing fiber distribution in alloy wire B; Figure 4 In the diagram, the left side is closer to the surface of the wire, and the right side is closer to the center of the wire. The reinforcing fibers are mainly concentrated on the right side, indicating that in the alloy wire prepared by the method of the present invention, the reinforcing fibers are mainly concentrated in the core of the finished wire.

[0141] Although the present invention has been illustrated and described with specific embodiments, it should be understood that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention; therefore, this means that all such substitutions and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention are included in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt alloy wire, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Take a Babbitt alloy wire containing reinforcing fibers and denote it as alloy wire A; Take pure Babbitt alloy wire, denoted as alloy wire B; wherein, the preparation methods of alloy wire A and alloy wire B include the following steps: S11. Prepare the base material according to the proportion of Babbitt alloy in the high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt alloy wire, and melt the base material to obtain a melt. Divide the melt into two parts, denoted as the first melt and the second melt. S12. Take the first melt and cast it to obtain a pure Babbitt alloy billet; Take the second melt, add the reinforcing fiber at 280-320℃, stir evenly and cast to obtain a billet containing the reinforcing fiber; S13. The rod blank containing the reinforcing fiber is extruded to obtain the alloy wire A; The pure Babbitt alloy billet is extruded and drawn to obtain the alloy wire B; S2. Multiple alloy wires B are stranded or arranged in parallel on the outside of alloy wire A and then welded and fixed at both ends to obtain a single multi-strand wire, which is referred to as a preformed wire. S3. The preformed wire is preheated and drawn to combine multiple strands together to obtain the high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt alloy wire; The preparation method satisfies at least one of the following characteristics: (1) The ratio of the diameter of the alloy wire A to the diameter of the preformed wire is 0.55-0.80; (2) The diameter of alloy wire A is 1.2-3.2 mm, and the diameter of alloy wire B is 0.2-0.5 mm; (3) 10-30 alloy wires B are provided on the outside of one alloy wire A.

2. The method for preparing high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, By weight, the high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire comprises 100 parts Babbitt alloy and 0.5-6 parts reinforcing fiber.

3. The method for preparing high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire according to claim 2, characterized in that, The Babbitt alloy comprises 8-9 parts antimony, 5-8 parts copper and 84-87 parts tin by weight.

4. The method for preparing high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire according to claim 2, characterized in that, The reinforcing fibers include carbon fibers and / or glass fibers.

5. The method for preparing high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire according to claim 4, characterized in that, The reinforcing fibers comprise, by weight, 0.25-3 parts carbon fiber and 0.25-3 parts glass fiber.

6. The method for preparing high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the preheating temperature is 60-80℃; And / or, the diameter of the drawn wire is 0.85-0.90 times the diameter of the wire before drawing.

7. The method for preparing high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire is 1.6-4 mm; And / or, the elongation of the high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire is 10%-20%.

8. A high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt wire, characterized in that, It is prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-7 for the preparation of high-plasticity fiber-reinforced Babbitt alloy wire.

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