A pressing forming device and forming process of high-density refractory material

Abstract

The application relates to a high-density refractory pressing forming device and a forming process applied to the field of pressure forming, which comprises a forming control cabinet and a press head matched with the forming control cabinet, the lower end of the press head is provided with an upper mold plate, and through cooperation of a pressure guide group, a slow-release guide group and a slow-release auxiliary forming system, buffer resistance can be generated to slow-release the initial pressing force when the raw materials are initially pressed, internal air of the raw materials can be effectively promoted to escape, internal air residual quantity is reduced, the blank can be pressed during pressing verification, air escape in the auxiliary pressing forming process can be effectively achieved, pressing compactness of the raw materials can be promoted, stress buffering and setting release effects can be generated when the pressing is completed, blank migration or volume expansion can be effectively avoided, quality problems such as deformation and cracks of the high-density refractory are avoided, and the qualified rate and economic benefits of the high-density refractory are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a compression molding apparatus, and particularly to a compression molding apparatus and molding process for a high-density refractory material applied in the field of pressure molding. Background Technology

[0002] High-density refractory materials are high-performance materials with high density and low porosity achieved through special processes or formulation design, and are widely used in high-temperature industrial environments. The compression molding equipment, as a key device for achieving material densification, requires pressing the raw material through a mold to form the material. However, traditional equipment generally suffers from low automation, insufficient production efficiency, and safety hazards associated with manual operation.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, Chinese invention patent CN116619532B discloses a pressing and molding device and method for non-fired refractory materials. This device uses a rotary stepper motor to drive a rotating disk, coupled with a linkage structure between a telescopic rod and a molding box sleeve, to achieve quantitative feeding and automatic discharging of materials from the receiving tray trough. This solves the problems of low efficiency and high operational risks associated with manual filling in traditional molding processes. The integrated mechanical structure design significantly improves the level of production automation. Chinese invention patent application CN118528390B discloses a ladle refractory material production device that employs a hydraulic press pressing block and storage hopper linkage mechanism. A second slide rail achieves precise alignment between the storage hopper and the molding trough, and after automatic filling, the hopper is quickly pushed away, effectively avoiding the safety risks associated with manual intervention.

[0004] Although existing technologies have achieved automation improvements in the molding process, there are still technical bottlenecks that urgently need to be overcome in the field of high-density refractory material compression molding. Currently, compression molding equipment commonly experiences billet migration or volume expansion during the pressure removal stage, leading to quality problems such as deformation and cracks in the molded parts, severely impacting the yield and economic benefits of high-density refractory materials. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to reduce the phenomenon of billet migration or volume expansion during the pressure removal stage in the application of the pressing and molding device, so as to reduce the quality problems such as deformation and cracking of high-density refractory materials.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a pressing and molding device for high-density refractory materials, including a molding control cabinet and a press head that cooperates with the molding control cabinet. An upper template is installed at the lower end of the press head, a slow-release guide group is fixedly connected to the lower end of the upper template, a die head fixing plate is fixedly connected to the lower end of the slow-release guide group, and a plurality of pressure guide groups that cooperate with the slow-release guide group are fixedly connected between the upper template and the die head fixing plate. The molding control cabinet is equipped with a slow-release assisted molding system, which includes a buffer molding processing unit. The input end of the buffer molding processing unit is connected to a slow-release pressure sensing unit, and the output end of the buffer molding processing unit is connected to a slow-release effect control unit. The input end of the sustained-release pressure sensing unit is connected to the pressure probe signal installed in the sustained-release guide group, and the output end of the sustained-release effect control unit is connected to the air pump signal installed on the rear side of the molding control cabinet. One end of the air pump is connected to the sustained-release guide group through the control air pipe.

[0007] In the aforementioned high-density refractory material compression molding device, during the initial compression of the raw material, a buffer resistance is generated to mitigate the initial compression force. Upon completion of compression, stress buffering and shaping release are achieved. By promoting air escape in the early stage of compression molding and stress release and shaping in the later stage, quality problems such as deformation and cracking of high-density refractory materials can be effectively avoided, thereby improving the pass rate and economic benefits of high-density refractory materials.

[0008] As a further improvement of this application, the sustained-release guide assembly includes a sustained-release sealing guide sleeve fixedly installed at the lower end of the upper template, and the sustained-release sealing guide sleeve is located at the intersection of the diagonals of the upper template. A sealing plug is slidably installed inside the sustained-release sealing guide sleeve, and a pressure balancing sleeve is fixedly connected to the lower end of the sealing plug. The lower end of the pressure balancing sleeve is fixedly connected to the mold head fixing plate. A pressure probe is installed inside the pressure balancing sleeve, and the regulating air pipe is connected to the pressure balancing sleeve.

[0009] As a further improvement of this application, the pressure guide assembly includes pressure guide sleeves fixedly installed at the four corners of the lower end of the upper template. A pressure guide rod is slidably connected to the lower end of the pressure guide sleeve. The lower end of the pressure guide rod extends to the outside of the pressure guide sleeve and is fixedly connected to the mold head fixing plate. A sealing limit block is fixedly connected to the upper end of the pressure guide rod. A linkage air pipe connected to the upper end of the pressure guide sleeve is fixedly connected. The other end of the linkage air pipe is sealed and connected to the slow-release sealing guide sleeve. The linkage air pipe is located on the upper side of the sealing slide plug.

[0010] As a further improvement of this application, an upper sensing ring located above the sealing slide is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the slow-release sealing guide sleeve, and a lower sensing ring located below the sealing slide is fixedly connected to the lower inner wall of the slow-release sealing guide sleeve. Both the upper and lower sensing rings cooperate with the sealing slide. The input end of the buffer molding processing unit is also connected to a molding state sensing unit, and the input end of the molding state sensing unit is connected to the upper and lower sensing rings respectively.

[0011] As a further improvement of this application, multiple release springs are also fixedly connected between the upper template and the mold head fixing plate. The upper and lower ends of the release springs are respectively fixedly connected with matching trigger posts. The input end of the buffer molding processing unit is also connected to a release shaping feedback unit, and the input end of the release shaping feedback unit is connected to the trigger post signal.

[0012] As a further improvement of this application, the input end of the buffer molding processing unit is also connected to a parameter command acquisition unit and an operating status acquisition unit. The input end of the parameter command acquisition unit is connected to the control button signal on the molding control cabinet, and the input end of the operating status acquisition unit is connected to the press head signal. The output end of the buffer molding processing unit is also connected to a molding slow release status display unit, and the output end of the molding slow release status display unit is connected to the display signal on the molding control cabinet.

[0013] As a further improvement of this application, a hydraulic drive rod is fixedly installed at the upper end of the press head, the lower end of the hydraulic drive rod extends to the lower side of the press head and is fixedly connected to a hydraulic column, the lower end of the hydraulic column is fixedly connected to an upper mold frame, the lower end of the upper mold frame is fixedly connected to an upper template, and a pair of hydraulic balance rods are also fixedly connected at the upper end of the press head, with the two hydraulic balance rods located on the left and right sides of the hydraulic drive rod respectively, the lower ends of the hydraulic balance rods extending to the lower side of the press head and fixedly connected to the upper mold frame; The output of the buffer molding processing unit is connected to a molding control unit and a molding auxiliary unit. The output of the molding control unit is connected to the hydraulic drive rod signal, and the output of the molding auxiliary unit is connected to the hydraulic balance rod signal.

[0014] As a further improvement of this application, it also includes a forming platform disposed on the lower side of the press head, a forming die head fixedly connected to the lower end of the die head fixing plate, a forming cavity that cooperates with the forming die head fixedly installed on the upper end of the forming platform, and a plurality of vertically arranged venting grooves are provided on the inner wall of the forming cavity, and the depth of the venting grooves is 1 to 3 mm.

[0015] In addition, the present invention also provides a pressing and molding process for high-density refractory materials, which, based on the above-mentioned pressing and molding apparatus for high-density refractory materials, includes the following steps: S1. Slow-release pressure regulation, The buffer forming processing unit controls the air pump through the slow-release effect control unit based on the slow-release pressure sensing unit, thereby regulating the slow-release pressure in the slow-release guide group; The pressure probe transmits the pressure data within the slow-release guide group to the slow-release pressure sensing unit. After the slow-release pressure sensing unit converts the pressure data, it transmits it to the buffer forming processing unit. The buffer forming processing unit determines the slow-release pressure regulation within the slow-release guide group based on the received pressure data. After the regulation is completed, the air pump is shut off through the slow-release effect regulation unit. S2. Pressure-controlled slow release The press head drives the upper template to move downwards, causing the upper template to gradually approach the forming cavity; During the downward movement of the upper template, the slow-release guide group and the pressure guide group will drive the mold head fixing plate to move downward synchronously. Until the forming die head contacts the raw material and presses it, the continuous downward movement of the upper template will continuously reduce the distance between it and the die head fixing plate. The pressure guide group and the slow release guide group will contract synchronously, and when the pressure guide group contracts, it will also transfer the gas inside it to the slow release guide group. Furthermore, the upward reaction force of the forming die head and the air pressure resistance in the slow-release guide group will buffer the total driving force of the press head, forming a buffer resistance against the initial pressing force and reducing the driving force of the press head. The raw material in the molding cavity continuously discharges the gas in the gap under the action of buffer resistance. When the local area between the upper template and the mold head fixing plate no longer changes, the downward pressure buffer venting action is completed. S3. Pressing and forming the billet. After the downward buffering and venting action is completed, the driving force of the press head is gradually increased to the holding pressure, and this driving pressure is maintained for a period of time. The upper template further drives the forming die head through the pressure guide group, the slow release guide group and the die head fixing plate, so that the forming die head presses and shapes the raw material to obtain the blank. S4. Stress relief, The press head drives the upper template to reset and move upward, causing the upper template to gradually move away from the forming cavity; During the upward movement of the upper template, the pressure on the die head fixing plate and the forming die head can be released, and the airflow in the slow release guide group gradually flows back to the pressure guide group, causing the pressure guide group to extend and reset, maintaining continuous contact between the forming die head and the upper surface of the blank. Furthermore, by utilizing the air pressure balance between the pressure guide group and the slow-release guide group, stress buffering and shaping release are achieved on the billet; Until the distance between the upper template and the die head fixing plate is completely restored, the forming die head is driven away from the blank through the pressure guide group and the slow release guide group; S5. Preparation complete. After the upper template is moved up and reset by the press head, the billet is taken out. After inspection and approval, high-density refractory material is obtained.

[0016] In summary, the coordinated use of the pressure guide group, the slow-release guide group, and the slow-release assisted molding system achieves several advantages. First, during the initial pressing of the raw material, it generates buffer resistance to slow down the initial pressing force, effectively promoting the escape of air from the raw material and reducing the amount of residual air. It also assists in air escape during the pressing verification process, promoting the compactness of the raw material. Upon completion of pressing, it provides stress buffering and shaping release, effectively preventing material migration or volume expansion, thus avoiding quality problems such as deformation and cracking in high-density refractory materials and improving the pass rate and economic benefits. Second, by controlling the slow-release pressure, it effectively promotes the applicability of high-density refractory materials with different molding parameters, expanding the application range and further improving the economic efficiency of the pressing molding device. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 Diagrams showing the coordinated slow-release and gas-expelling states of the pressure guide assembly and the slow-release guide assembly in the second and third embodiments of this application; Figure 2 This is a flow chart of the compression molding process for the second and third embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is an isometric view of the compression molding apparatus according to the first to third embodiments of this application; Figure 4 This is a control logic diagram of the sustained-release assisted molding system according to the second and third embodiments of this application; Figure 5 Diagrams showing the compatibility of the pressure guide assembly and the sustained-release guide assembly in the sustained-release molding state of the second and third embodiments of this application; Figure 6 The images show isometric cross-sectional views of the pressure guide assembly and the sustained-release guide assembly in their free states according to the second and third embodiments of this application. Figure 7 Axonometric cross-sectional views of the pressure guide assembly and the sustained-release guide assembly in the semi-stressed state according to the second and third embodiments of this application; Figure 8 The pressure guide assembly and the sustained-release guide assembly of the second and third embodiments of this application are isometric cross-sectional views under full stress. Figure 9 Isometric views of the upper template, pressure guide assembly, and sustained-release guide assembly in accordance with the second and third embodiments of this application; Figure 10 Exploded views of the upper template, pressure guide assembly, and sustained-release guide assembly in accordance with the second and third embodiments of this application.

[0018] Explanation of the labels in the diagram: 1. Molding control cabinet; 2. Press head; 21. Hydraulic balance bar; 22. Hydraulic drive rod; 23. Hydraulic column; 24. Upper mold frame; 3. Upper template; 31. Molding cavity; 32. Mold head fixing plate; 33. Molding mold head; 4. Pressure guide assembly; 41. Pressure guide sleeve; 42. Pressure guide rod; 43. Linkage air pipe; 5. Slow-release guide assembly; 51. Slow-release sealing guide sleeve; 52. Sealing slide plug; 53. Air pressure balance sleeve; 54. Upper sensing ring; 55. Lower sensing ring; 6. Slow-release spring; 61. Trigger column. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The three embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Implementation method 1: Figure 3 A pressing and molding apparatus for high-density refractory materials is shown, including a molding control cabinet 1, a press head 2 that cooperates with the molding control cabinet 1, and a molding platform set on the lower side of the press head 2. An upper template 3 is installed at the lower end of the press head 2, and a die head fixing plate 32 is connected to the lower end of the upper template 3. A molding die head 33 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the die head fixing plate 32. A hydraulic drive rod 22 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the press head 2, and the lower end of the hydraulic drive rod 22 extends to the lower side of the press head 2 and is fixedly connected to a hydraulic column 23. An upper mold frame 24 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the hydraulic column 23, and the upper template 3 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the upper mold frame 24. A pair of hydraulic balance rods 21 are also fixedly connected to the upper end of the press head 2, and the two hydraulic balance rods 21 are located on the left and right sides of the hydraulic drive rod 22, respectively. The lower ends of the hydraulic balance rods 21 extend to the lower side of the press head 2. It is fixedly connected to the upper mold frame 24. A forming mold cavity 31 that cooperates with the forming mold head 33 is fixedly installed at the upper end of the forming platform. The inner wall of the forming mold cavity 31 is provided with multiple vertically arranged venting grooves, and the depth of the venting grooves is 1-3mm. A material ejection mechanism that cooperates with the forming mold cavity 31 is also installed at the lower end of the forming platform. The material ejection mechanism includes a hydraulic material ejection rod fixedly installed at the lower end of the forming platform. The upper end of the hydraulic material ejection rod extends to the upper side of the forming platform and is flush with the lower inner wall of the forming mold cavity 31. The upper end of the hydraulic material ejection rod slides against the lower inner wall of the forming mold cavity 31, thereby realizing the automated pressing of high-density refractory materials. While ensuring its venting effect, thus ensuring the forming quality and reducing the probability of deformation expansion or cracking, it can also effectively improve the forming efficiency and promote the economic benefits of forming high-density refractory materials.

[0021] The second implementation method: Figure 1 - Figure 10The apparatus for pressing and molding high-density refractory materials is shown, including a molding control cabinet 1 and a press head 2 that cooperates with the molding control cabinet 1. An upper template 3 is installed at the lower end of the press head 2. A slow-release guide group 5 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the upper template 3. A die head fixing plate 32 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the slow-release guide group 5. Multiple pressure guide groups 4 that cooperate with the slow-release guide group 5 are fixedly connected between the upper template 3 and the die head fixing plate 32. A dustproof bag fitted on the outside of the pressure guide group 4 and the slow-release guide group 5 is also fixedly connected between the upper template 3 and the die head fixing plate 32. The dustproof bag can prevent dust in the external environment from affecting the pressure guide group 4, the slow-release guide group 5 and the slow-release spring 6, and ensure the effectiveness of triggering. The molding control cabinet 1 is equipped with a slow-release assisted molding system. The slow-release assisted molding system includes a buffer molding processing unit. The input end of the buffer molding processing unit is connected to a slow-release pressure sensing unit, and the output end of the buffer molding processing unit is connected to a slow-release effect control unit. The input end of the slow-release pressure sensing unit is connected to the pressure probe signal located in the slow-release guide group 5, and the output end of the slow-release effect control unit is connected to the air pump signal located on the rear side of the molding control cabinet 1. One end of the air pump is connected to the slow-release guide group 5 through the control air pipe. Through the cooperation of the pressure guide group 4, the slow-release guide group 5 and the slow-release auxiliary molding system, on the one hand, when the raw material is initially pressed, it can generate buffer resistance to slow down the initial pressing force, effectively promote the escape of air inside the raw material, reduce the amount of residual air inside, and also effectively assist the escape of air during the pressing and molding process, promote the compactness of the raw material, and generate stress buffering and shaping release when the pressing is completed, effectively avoiding the migration or volume expansion of the blank, thereby avoiding quality problems such as deformation and cracking of high-density refractory materials, improving the pass rate and economic benefits of high-density refractory materials. On the other hand, by controlling the slow-release pressure, it can effectively promote the applicability of high-density refractory materials with different molding parameters, expand the application range, and further improve the economic efficiency of the pressing and molding device.

[0022] Figure 5 - Figure 10The slow-release guide assembly 5 includes a slow-release sealing guide sleeve 51 fixedly installed at the lower end of the upper template 3, with the slow-release sealing guide sleeve 51 located at the intersection of the diagonals of the upper template 3. A sealing plug 52 is slidably installed inside the slow-release sealing guide sleeve 51, and a pressure balancing sleeve 53 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the sealing plug 52. The lower end of the pressure balancing sleeve 53 is fixedly connected to the mold head fixing plate 32. A pressure probe is installed inside the pressure balancing sleeve 53, and a regulating air pipe is connected to the pressure balancing sleeve 53. The cooperation between the slow-release sealing guide sleeve 51 and the pressure balancing sleeve 53 can achieve the sealing of the upper template 3 and the mold head. The connecting function of the fixed plate 32 effectively supports the mold head fixing plate 32 and enables the linkage between the upper template 3 and the mold head fixing plate 32, thereby ensuring that the subsequent forming mold head 33 produces an effective pressing and forming effect. Furthermore, due to the setting of the pressure probe, the buffer forming processing unit can also effectively judge the sealing effectiveness of the air pressure balance sleeve 53 through the pressure data transmitted by the pressure release sensing unit, and display the status through the forming release status display unit, effectively assisting technicians in judging the effectiveness of its connection and support for the mold head fixing plate 32 and the forming mold head 33.

[0023] Figure 5 - Figure 10 The pressure guide assembly 4 includes pressure guide sleeves 41 fixedly installed at the four corners of the lower end of the upper template 3. Pressure guide rods 42 are slidably connected to the lower end of the pressure guide sleeves 41. The lower end of the pressure guide rods 42 extends to the outside of the pressure guide sleeves 41 and is fixedly connected to the mold head fixing plate 32. A sealing limit block is fixedly connected to the upper end of the pressure guide rods 42. A linkage air pipe 43 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the pressure guide sleeves 41 and communicates with it. The other end of the linkage air pipe 43 is sealed and connected to the slow-release sealing guide sleeve 51. The linkage air pipe 43 is located on the upper side of the sealing slide plug 52. The cooperation of the pressure guide sleeves 41, the linkage air pipe 43, and the slow-release sealing guide sleeve 51 ensures... While effectively connecting and supporting the die head fixing plate 32, it can also delay and release the downward pressure of the forming die head 33 through the air pressure balance between the pressure guide sleeve 41 and the slow-release sealing guide sleeve 51. This can effectively promote the escape of air inside the raw material during the slow release period, reduce the amount of residual air, and delay the removal of the forming die head 33 when the pressing is completed. While releasing the pressing force, the air pressure can release stress and shape the blank, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of blank migration or volume expansion, thereby avoiding quality problems such as deformation and cracks during subsequent blank forming.

[0024] Figure 1 - Figure 10The inner wall of the slow-release sealing guide sleeve 51 is fixedly connected to an upper sensing ring 54 located above the sealing slide 52, and the lower inner wall of the slow-release sealing guide sleeve 51 is fixedly connected to a lower sensing ring 55 located below the sealing slide 52. The lower sensing ring 55 is in sliding fit with the air pressure balance sleeve 53, and both the upper sensing ring 54 and the lower sensing ring 55 are in fit with the sealing slide 52. The input end of the buffer molding processing unit is also connected to a molding state sensing unit. The input end of the molding state sensing unit is connected to the upper sensing ring 54 and the lower sensing ring 55 respectively. The cooperation of the molding state sensing unit, the upper sensing ring 54 and the lower sensing ring 55 can not only realize the sensing and feedback of the internal air pressure state of the slow-release sealing guide sleeve 51, but also realize the data sensing of the slow-release and shaping state during the pressing molding process. In this way, it can promote the protection of the billet support, further reduce the defect rate, and promote the molding quality and economic benefits of high-density refractory materials.

[0025] Figure 1 - Figure 10 Multiple slow-release springs 6 are fixedly connected between the upper template 3 and the mold head fixing plate 32. Each slow-release spring 6 has a corresponding trigger post 61 fixedly connected to its upper and lower ends. The trigger posts 61 are located inside the slow-release springs 6. When the two corresponding trigger posts 61 initially contact each other, the sealing slide 52 does not contact the lower sensing ring 55. Subsequently, when the sealing slide 52 contacts the lower sensing ring 55, the two corresponding trigger posts 61 continuously contact each other and undergo a certain degree of contraction deformation. The input end of the buffer molding processing unit is also connected to a release shaping feedback unit. The input end of the release shaping feedback unit is signal-connected to the trigger post 61. The trigger post 61 is made of elastic material. Furthermore, the two matching trigger posts 61 are each fitted with a contact piece at one end, thereby enabling signal transmission to the release and shaping feedback unit. The cooperation between the release and shaping feedback unit and the slow-release spring 6 allows for reverse monitoring of the billet's state during subsequent stress release. Based on the upward movement distance of the upper template 3 and the triggering status of the slow-release spring 6, it can determine whether the billet has migrated or expanded, thus enabling timely emergency actions such as repressing to prevent deformation and crack damage to the billet after the forming die head 33 is completely removed. This further promotes the automation and intelligence of the pressing and forming device, improves the pass rate after pressing and forming, and enhances the economic efficiency of the pressing and forming device application.

[0026] Figure 1 - Figure 4The buffer molding processing unit is shown to have an input terminal connected to a parameter command acquisition unit and an operating status acquisition unit. The input terminal of the parameter command acquisition unit is connected to the control button signal on the molding control cabinet 1, and the input terminal of the operating status acquisition unit is connected to the press head 2. The output terminal of the buffer molding processing unit is also connected to a molding slow-release status display unit, and the output terminal of the molding slow-release status display unit is connected to the display signal on the molding control cabinet 1. The parameter command acquisition unit and the molding slow-release status display unit can effectively realize the interactivity of the slow-release assisted molding system. While receiving and setting specific molding process parameters to promote the accuracy of subsequent auxiliary control, it can also perform molding actions according to actual operating commands, thereby ensuring the controllability of high-density refractory material pressing and molding, and effectively meeting the needs of trial production or process verification.

[0027] Figure 1 - Figure 4 The upper end of the press head 2 is fixedly mounted with a hydraulic drive rod 22. The lower end of the hydraulic drive rod 22 extends to the lower side of the press head 2 and is fixedly connected to a hydraulic column 23. The lower end of the hydraulic column 23 is fixedly connected to an upper mold frame 24. The lower end of the upper mold frame 24 is fixedly connected to an upper template 3. A pair of hydraulic balance rods 21 are also fixedly connected to the upper end of the press head 2. The two hydraulic balance rods 21 are located on the left and right sides of the hydraulic drive rod 22, respectively. The lower end of the hydraulic balance rods 21 extends to the lower side of the press head 2 and is fixedly connected to the upper mold frame 24. The output end of the buffer molding processing unit is connected to a molding control unit and a molding auxiliary unit. The output end of the molding control unit is connected to the hydraulic drive rod 22, and the output end of the molding auxiliary unit is connected to the hydraulic balance rod 21. The molding control unit and the molding auxiliary unit can realize the automated pressing and molding of high-density refractory materials, and can also effectively ensure the balance of the force exerted by the molding die 33 on the raw material during the pressure application process, and ensure the levelness of the molding die 33, thereby ensuring the molding quality of high-density refractory materials.

[0028] Figure 1 - Figure 4 The diagram also shows a forming platform located below the press head 2. A forming die head 33 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the die head fixing plate 32. A forming cavity 31 that mates with the forming die head 33 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the forming platform. The inner wall of the forming cavity 31 is provided with multiple vertically arranged venting grooves, and the depth of the venting grooves is 1-3mm. The venting grooves can effectively promote the venting effect, promote the escape of air inside the raw material, reduce the amount of residual air inside, thereby ensuring the compactness of the billet, avoiding subsequent billet migration or volume expansion, improving the pass rate of high-density refractory material pressing and forming, and promoting the economic benefits of its preparation.

[0029] Figure 1 - Figure 10 The diagram illustrates that during the application of the compression molding device, technicians formulate relevant compression molding process parameters based on the quality requirements of high-density refractory materials. These parameters (e.g., molding pressure data, pressure increment gradient, holding pressure data, holding time, slow-release air pressure, and abnormal standards) are transmitted to the buffer molding processing unit via the parameter command acquisition unit. The buffer molding processing unit processes and stores these parameters and, based on the parameter settings, controls the slow-release effect control unit. The slow-release effect control unit activates the air pump. When the air pump is controlled to rotate forward, gas is introduced into the pressure balance sleeve 53 through the control pipe to pressurize it. When the air pump is controlled to rotate in reverse, gas is output from the pressure balance sleeve through the control pipe. The gas inside the pressure balance sleeve 53 is depressurized. During the process of the pressure balance sleeve 53 being regulated by the pressure control unit, the pressure probe inside the pressure balance sleeve 53 can synchronize its internal pressure change data to the pressure control unit. The pressure control unit feeds the pressure data back to the buffer forming processing unit. After the pressure inside the pressure balance sleeve 53 is determined to reach the set value, the buffer forming processing unit can shut off the air pump through the pressure control unit to maintain the pressure data inside the pressure balance sleeve 53 at this time. Then, during the subsequent downward or upward movement, the pressure balance sleeve 53 can continuously press down on the pressure guide sleeve 41 through the sealing slide 52 and the linkage air pipe 43, which can effectively generate downward pressure resistance, pressure release and upward movement stress release shaping effect. The gas inside the air pressure balancing sleeve 53, regulated by the air pump, acts on the sealing slide 52, lifting it and keeping it continuously positioned on the upper side of the inner wall of the slow-release sealing guide sleeve 51. Under the weight of the die head fixing plate 32 and the forming die head 33, the pressure guide sleeve 41 is stretched downwards, causing it to continuously move downwards within the pressure guide rod 42. The pressure guide rod 42 connects to the gas located above the sealing slide 52 within the slow-release sealing guide sleeve 51 via the linkage air pipe 43. This allows the sealing slide 52 to be supported by the air pressure of the air pressure balancing sleeve 53 and the airflow adsorption effect of the pressure guide rod 42 through the linkage air pipe 43. The pressure guide sleeve 51 moves to the upper side inside the slow-release sealing guide sleeve 51 and comes into contact with the upper sensing ring 54. The forming state sensing unit can transmit the contact data of the upper sensing ring 54 to the buffer forming processing unit. The buffer forming processing unit can determine the effectiveness of the air pressure balance between the pressure guide rod 42 and the air pressure balance sleeve 53 according to the trigger position. This avoids the situation where the air pressure inside the air pressure balance sleeve 53 located below the sealing slide plug 52 is too small, resulting in insufficient subsequent slow-release effect. It can also achieve a stable connection and support function for the mold head fixing plate 32 and the forming mold head 33 through the air pressure balance between the air pressure balance sleeve 53 and the pressure guide sleeve 41.

[0030] After the pressure value inside the air pressure balance sleeve 53 is adjusted, the buffer molding processing unit displays the adjustment result data to the technicians through the molding slow release status display unit and the display. The technicians input the running command into the buffer molding processing unit through the parameter command acquisition unit. The buffer molding processing unit synchronously controls the molding control unit and the molding auxiliary unit. The molding control unit controls the hydraulic drive rod 22 to drive the hydraulic column 23 to produce a downward movement. The molding auxiliary unit controls the hydraulic balance rod 21 to produce a coordinated synchronous downward movement. Thus, during the process of the upper mold frame 24 driving the upper template 3 to move downward, the hydraulic balance rod 21 can balance the downward movement of the upper mold frame 24, ensuring the balance of the downward pressure and the levelness of the molding die head 33. As the upper template 3 moves downward, the pressure guide group 4 and the slow-release guide group 5 simultaneously drive the die head fixing plate 32 and the forming die head 33 to move downward. After the lower end face of the forming die head 33 contacts the surface of the raw material in the forming cavity 31, due to the reverse force generated by the raw material on the forming die head 33, and as the upper template 3 continues to move downward and the distance between it and the die head fixing plate 32 continuously shrinks, the pressure guide rod 42 moves upward within the pressure guide sleeve 41, transmitting the gas in the pressure guide sleeve 41 to the slow-release sealing guide sleeve 51 through the linkage air pipe 43. When the sealing slide 52 is pressed down, the sealing slide 52 compresses the air pressure balance sleeve 53. The resistance generated by the pressure within the pressure balance sleeve 53 forms a buffer resistance for the initial pressing of the raw material by the forming die 33. This delays the pressing action of the forming die 33 on the raw material, thereby reducing the pressure applied by the hydraulic balance rod 21 and the hydraulic drive rod 22. This allows the air inside the raw material to effectively escape from the exhaust groove. While extending the escape time of the internal air, it also avoids the blockage of internal air caused by the compaction of the upper raw material due to excessive instantaneous pressure. This promotes exhaust and reduces the amount of residual air inside the raw material, thereby avoiding subsequent defects such as deformation and cracks in the billet. This improves the quality and economic efficiency of the pressing and forming device in the preparation of high-density refractory materials. Then, the buffer forming unit controls the forming control unit according to the pressure gradient and coordinates with the forming auxiliary unit. This causes the hydraulic drive rod 22 to continuously increase the pressing force of the forming die 33 on the raw material, promoting the compactness of the blank. The hydraulic balance rod 21 also generates a synchronous displacement, ensuring the uniformity of the pressing force of the forming die 33 on the raw material and improving the forming quality of the blank. After the pressing force reaches the holding pressure value, and due to the continuous increase in pressing force, the pressure guide rod 42 continuously moves upward within the pressure guide sleeve 41. Through the airflow conduction effect of the linkage air pipe 43, the sealing slide 52... As the pressure continuously moves downward and compresses the air pressure balance sleeve 53, the sealing slide 52 contacts the lower sensing ring 55. The forming state sensing unit receives the trigger data from the lower sensing ring 55, and the operation state acquisition unit also transmits the operation data of the hydraulic balance rod 21 and the hydraulic drive rod 22 to the buffer forming processing unit. The buffer forming processing unit judges the effectiveness of the pressing force execution based on the contact data and operation data of the lower sensing ring 55 transmitted by the forming state sensing unit, and controls the forming control unit and the forming auxiliary unit to perform pressure holding action to achieve effective forming of the billet. After the pressure holding is completed, the buffer molding processing unit controls the molding control unit and the molding auxiliary unit to move upward and reset. Meanwhile, the operating status acquisition unit transmits data in real time to the operating status of the hydraulic drive rod 22 and the hydraulic balance rod 21, enabling the buffer molding processing unit to effectively acquire upward movement data. Simultaneously, as the hydraulic drive rod 22 moves the upper mold plate 3 upward via the hydraulic column 23 and the upper mold frame 24, the pressure relief and distance release effect on the molding die head 33 causes the sealing plug 52 to gradually recover upward under the pressure of the air pressure balance sleeve 53, thereby releasing the pressure. The airflow on the upper side of the sealing guide sleeve 51 is input into the pressure guide sleeve 41 through the linkage air pipe 43, causing the pressure guide sleeve 41 to slide upward. The pressure guide rod 42 is maintained in its current position under the action of air pressure and the self-weight of the die head fixing plate 32 and the forming die head 33. Thus, the forming die head 33 can continuously maintain the pressing action on the blank under its own weight and the pressure balance of the air pressure balance sleeve 53 and the pressure guide sleeve 41. After the pressure is released and it moves upward, the stress release and shaping release of the blank are realized, effectively avoiding the problem of blank displacement or volume expansion after the pressing force is suddenly removed.

[0031] During the pressing and molding process in the buffer molding unit, the operating data of each stage will be displayed to the technicians through the molding release status display unit. This allows the technicians to effectively obtain the actual state of the pressing and molding process and thus improve the process parameters.

[0032] During the pressure-holding process of the pressing and molding device, the distance between the upper template 3 and the die head fixing plate 32 continuously shrinks, and the release spring 6 contracts synchronously, causing the upper and lower trigger posts 61 to move closer together. After the upper and lower trigger posts 61 come into contact, the release shaping feedback unit transmits trigger data to the buffer molding processing unit. The buffer molding processing unit can determine the initial trigger position of the trigger post 61 based on the trigger data at this time and the data fed back by the running status acquisition unit. At this time, the sealing slide 52 is not in contact with the lower sensing ring 55. The buffer molding processing unit receives the double disconnect signal transmitted by the molding status sensing unit. After the sealing slide 52 comes into contact with the lower sensing ring 55, the upper and lower trigger posts 61 maintain continuous contact while also undergoing a certain amount of contraction deformation. Then, during the subsequent pressure relief and upward movement, after the sealing slide 52 continuously moves upward within the release sealing guide sleeve 51, the molding status sensing unit transmits the double disconnect signal to the buffer processing unit. Then, the trigger post 61 gradually undergoes recovery elongation deformation, and after the elongation deformation is fully recovered, the continuous upward movement will cause... When the upper and lower trigger posts 61 disconnect, the release shaping feedback unit transmits disconnection data to the buffer forming processing unit. The buffer forming processing unit determines the disconnection position of the trigger posts 61 based on the disconnection data and operating status data, and compares it with the initial trigger position of the trigger posts 61. If the position difference is within the standard range, it indicates that the pressing state of the billet is normal and the upward movement control can continue. If the position difference exceeds the standard range, it indicates that the pressing state of the billet is abnormal. The buffer forming processing unit controls the forming control unit and the forming auxiliary unit to generate a downward repressing action once, and then releases pressure and moves upward again. The repressing effect is judged based on the data transmitted by the release shaping feedback unit and the operating status acquisition unit, and the upward reset action is maintained continuously. The control of the repressing action can repair abnormal billets, improve the pass rate, reduce raw material loss, control the number of repressing times per operation, ensure the efficiency of subsequent pressing and forming, and perform abnormal verification. This allows technicians to determine the cause of the billet abnormality and adjust the process parameters in a timely manner. The buffer forming processing unit displays the billet status data during upward movement to technicians in real time through the forming slow-release status display unit and monitor. When re-pressing occurs, it simultaneously displays abnormal status data to technicians and directly displays the billet quality results to technicians after re-pressing is completed. This allows technicians to adjust the pressing process based on the displayed data, abnormal data, and subsequent re-pressing results, and to perform structural checks on the pressure guide group 4 and slow-release guide group 5. This ensures the pass rate of subsequent pressing, improves the automation and intelligence of the pressing device, and effectively promotes the economic benefits of producing high-density refractory materials.

[0033] The third implementation method: Figure 1 - Figure 10 The pressing and molding process of a high-density refractory material is shown, including the following steps: S1. Slow-release pressure regulation, The buffer forming processing unit controls the air pump through the slow-release effect control unit based on the slow-release pressure sensing unit, thereby regulating the slow-release pressure in the slow-release guide group 5. The pressure probe transmits the pressure data within the slow-release guide group 5 to the slow-release pressure sensing unit. After the slow-release pressure sensing unit converts the pressure data, it transmits it to the buffer forming processing unit. The buffer forming processing unit determines the slow-release pressure regulation status within the slow-release guide group 5 based on the received pressure data. After the regulation is completed, the air pump is shut off through the slow-release effect regulation unit. S2. Pressure-controlled slow release The press head 2 drives the upper template 3 to move downward, causing the upper template 3 to gradually approach the forming cavity 31; During the downward movement of the upper template 3, the slow-release guide group 5 and the pressure guide group 4 will drive the mold head fixing plate 32 to move downward synchronously. Until the forming die 33 comes into contact with the raw material and presses it, the continuous downward movement of the upper template 3 will continuously reduce the distance between it and the die fixing plate 32. The pressure guide group 4 and the slow release guide group 5 will contract synchronously, and when the pressure guide group 4 contracts, it will also transfer the gas inside it into the slow release guide group 5. Furthermore, the upward reaction force of the forming die head 33 and the air pressure resistance in the slow-release guide group 5 will buffer the total driving force of the press head 2, forming a buffer resistance against the initial pressing force and reducing the driving force of the press head 2. The raw material in the molding cavity 31 continuously discharges the gas in the gap under the action of buffer resistance. When the local area between the upper template 3 and the mold head fixing plate 32 no longer changes, the downward pressure buffer venting action is completed. S3. Pressing and forming the billet. After the downward buffering and venting action is completed, the driving force of the press head 2 is gradually increased to the holding pressure, and this driving pressure is maintained for a period of time. The upper template 3 further drives the forming die head 33 through the pressure guide group 4, the slow release guide group 5 and the die head fixing plate 32, so that the forming die head 33 presses and shapes the raw material to obtain the blank. S4. Stress relief, The press head 2 drives the upper template 3 to reset and move upward, causing the upper template 3 to gradually move away from the forming cavity 31; During the upward movement of the upper template 3, the pressure on the die head fixing plate 32 and the forming die head 33 can be released, and the airflow in the slow release guide group 5 gradually flows back to the pressure guide group 4, causing the pressure guide group 4 to extend and reset, maintaining continuous contact between the forming die head 33 and the upper surface of the blank. Furthermore, by utilizing the air pressure balance between the pressure guide group 4 and the slow-release guide group 5, stress buffering and shaping release are achieved on the billet. Until the distance between the upper template 3 and the die head fixing plate 32 is completely restored, the forming die head 33 is driven away from the blank through the pressure guide group 4 and the slow release guide group 5. S5. Preparation complete. After the press head 2 drives the upper template 3 to move upward and reset, the billet is taken out. After inspection and approval, high-density refractory material is obtained. By setting the pressure relief and stress relief steps, a dual synchronous optimization effect can be achieved during the pressing and molding process of high-density refractory material. When the raw material is initially pressed, a buffer resistance can be generated to relieve the initial pressing force. When the pressing is completed, stress buffering and shaping release can be generated. By promoting the outward escape of air in the early stage of pressing and molding and promoting stress release and shaping in the later stage, quality problems such as deformation and cracks in high-density refractory material can be effectively avoided, thereby improving the pass rate and economic benefits of high-density refractory material.

[0034] In light of current practical needs, the above-described embodiments adopted in this application are not limited to these. Any changes made within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept of this application still fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A pressing and molding device for high-density refractory materials, comprising a molding control cabinet (1) and a press head (2) cooperating with the molding control cabinet (1), wherein an upper template (3) is installed at the lower end of the press head (2), characterized in that: The upper template (3) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the sustained-release guide group (5), and the lower end of the sustained-release guide group (5) is fixedly connected to the mold head fixing plate (32). Multiple pressure guide groups (4) that cooperate with the sustained-release guide group (5) are fixedly connected between the upper template (3) and the mold head fixing plate (32). The molding control cabinet (1) is equipped with a slow-release assisted molding system. The slow-release assisted molding system includes a buffer molding processing unit. The input end of the buffer molding processing unit is connected to a slow-release pressure sensing unit, and the output end of the buffer molding processing unit is connected to a slow-release effect control unit. The input end of the slow-release pressure sensing unit is connected to the pressure probe signal in the slow-release guide group (5), and the output end of the slow-release effect control unit is connected to the air pump signal in the back of the molding control cabinet (1). One end of the air pump is connected to the slow-release guide group (5) through the control air pipe. The slow-release guide assembly (5) includes a slow-release sealing guide sleeve (51) fixedly installed at the lower end of the upper template (3), and the slow-release sealing guide sleeve (51) is located at the intersection of the diagonals of the upper template (3). A sealing plug (52) is slidably installed inside the slow-release sealing guide sleeve (51). A pressure balancing sleeve (53) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the sealing plug (52). The lower end of the pressure balancing sleeve (53) is fixedly connected to the mold head fixing plate (32). A pressure probe is installed inside the pressure balancing sleeve (53), and the regulating air pipe is connected to the pressure balancing sleeve (53). The pressure guide assembly (4) includes a pressure guide sleeve (41) fixedly installed at the four corners of the lower end of the upper template (3). The lower end of the pressure guide sleeve (41) is slidably connected to a pressure guide rod (42). The lower end of the pressure guide rod (42) extends to the outside of the pressure guide sleeve (41) and is fixedly connected to the mold head fixing plate (32). The upper end of the pressure guide rod (42) is fixedly connected to a sealing limit block. The upper end of the pressure guide sleeve (41) is fixedly connected to a linkage air pipe (43) connected to it. The other end of the linkage air pipe (43) is sealed and connected to the slow-release sealing guide sleeve (51). The linkage air pipe (43) is located on the upper side of the sealing slide plug (52).

2. The pressing and molding apparatus for a high-density refractory material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the slow-release sealing guide sleeve (51) is fixedly connected to an upper sensing ring (54) located on the upper side of the sealing slide (52), and the lower inner wall of the slow-release sealing guide sleeve (51) is fixedly connected to a lower sensing ring (55) located on the lower side of the sealing slide (52). Both the upper sensing ring (54) and the lower sensing ring (55) cooperate with the sealing slide (52). The input end of the buffer molding processing unit is also connected to a molding state sensing unit, and the input end of the molding state sensing unit is connected to the upper sensing ring (54) and the lower sensing ring (55) respectively.

3. The pressing and molding apparatus for a high-density refractory material according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple release springs (6) are fixedly connected between the upper template (3) and the mold head fixing plate (32). The upper and lower ends of the release springs (6) are respectively fixedly connected with matching trigger posts (61). The input end of the buffer molding processing unit is also connected to a release shaping feedback unit. The input end of the release shaping feedback unit is signal connected to the trigger post (61).

4. The pressing and molding apparatus for a high-density refractory material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The input end of the buffer molding processing unit is also connected to a parameter command acquisition unit and a running status acquisition unit. The input end of the parameter command acquisition unit is connected to the control button signal on the molding control cabinet (1). The input end of the running status acquisition unit is connected to the press head (2). The output end of the buffer molding processing unit is also connected to a molding slow release status display unit. The output end of the molding slow release status display unit is connected to the display signal on the molding control cabinet (1).

5. The pressing and molding apparatus for a high-density refractory material according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hydraulic drive rod (22) is fixedly installed on the upper end of the press head (2). The lower end of the hydraulic drive rod (22) extends to the lower side of the press head (2) and is fixedly connected to a hydraulic column (23). The lower end of the hydraulic column (23) is fixedly connected to an upper mold frame (24). The lower end of the upper mold frame (24) is fixedly connected to an upper template (3). A pair of hydraulic balance rods (21) are also fixedly connected to the upper end of the press head (2). The two hydraulic balance rods (21) are located on the left and right sides of the hydraulic drive rod (22). The lower end of the hydraulic balance rod (21) extends to the lower side of the press head (2) and is fixedly connected to the upper mold frame (24). The output end of the buffer molding processing unit is connected to a molding control unit and a molding auxiliary unit. The output end of the molding control unit is connected to the hydraulic drive rod (22) and the output end of the molding auxiliary unit is connected to the hydraulic balance rod (21).

6. The pressing and molding apparatus for a high-density refractory material according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a forming platform located on the lower side of the press head (2), and a forming die head (33) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the die head fixing plate (32). A forming mold cavity (31) that cooperates with the forming die head (33) is fixedly installed on the upper end of the forming platform. The inner wall of the forming mold cavity (31) is provided with multiple vertically arranged venting grooves, and the depth of the venting grooves is 1 to 3 mm.

7. A pressing and molding process for a high-density refractory material, based on the pressing and molding apparatus for the high-density refractory material according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Slow-release pressure regulation, The buffer forming processing unit controls the air pump through the slow release effect control unit based on the slow release pressure sensing unit, and regulates the slow release pressure in the slow release guide group (5); The pressure probe transmits the pressure data in the slow-release guide group (5) to the slow-release pressure sensing unit. After the slow-release pressure sensing unit converts the pressure data, it transmits it to the buffer forming processing unit. The buffer forming processing unit judges the slow release pressure regulation in the slow release guide group (5) based on the received pressure data. After the regulation is completed, the air pump is shut off through the slow release effect regulation unit. S2. Pressure-controlled slow release The press head (2) drives the upper template (3) to move downward, causing the upper template (3) to gradually approach the forming cavity (31); During the downward movement of the upper template (3), the mold head fixing plate (32) will move synchronously downward through the action of the slow release guide group (5) and the pressure guide group (4); Until the forming die (33) comes into contact with the raw material and presses it, the continuous downward movement of the upper template (3) will continuously reduce the distance between it and the die fixing plate (32), the pressure guide group (4) and the slow release guide group (5) will shrink synchronously, and when the pressure guide group (4) shrinks, it will also transfer the gas inside it to the slow release guide group (5). Furthermore, the upward reaction force of the forming die head (33) and the air pressure resistance in the slow-release guide group (5) will buffer the total driving force of the press head (2), forming a buffer resistance against the initial pressing force and reducing the driving force of the press head (2). Under the action of buffer resistance, the raw material in the molding cavity (31) continuously discharges the gas in the gap. When the local area between the upper template (3) and the mold head fixing plate (32) no longer changes, the downward pressure buffer venting action is completed. S3. Pressing and forming the billet. After the downward buffering and venting action is completed, the driving force of the press head (2) is gradually increased to the holding pressure size, and the driving force is maintained for a period of time. The upper template (3) further drives the forming die head (33) through the pressure guide group (4), the slow release guide group (5) and the die head fixing plate (32), so that the forming die head (33) presses and shapes the raw material to obtain the blank. S4. Stress relief, The press head (2) drives the upper template (3) to reset and move upward, causing the upper template (3) to gradually move away from the forming cavity (31); During the upward movement of the upper template (3), the pressure of the die head fixing plate (32) and the forming die head (33) can be released, and the airflow in the slow release guide group (5) gradually flows back to the pressure guide group (4), so that the pressure guide group (4) produces an elongation and reset action, maintaining continuous contact between the forming die head (33) and the upper end surface of the blank. Furthermore, by utilizing the air pressure balance between the pressure guide group (4) and the slow-release guide group (5), stress buffering and shaping release are achieved on the billet; Until the distance between the upper template (3) and the die head fixing plate (32) is completely restored, the forming die head (33) is driven away from the blank by the pressure guide group (4) and the slow release guide group (5); S5. Preparation complete. After the press head (2) drives the upper template (3) to move up and reset, the billet is taken out and inspected to ensure it is qualified, and high-density refractory material is obtained.

Images