A method for preparing ceramsite proppant

Abstract

This invention provides a method for preparing ceramsite proppant, which uses secondary aluminum ash, red mud, pyrite slag, waste glass powder, silicon carbide micro powder, and nano-attapulgite clay as the main raw materials to prepare ceramsite proppant, greatly expanding the raw material sources of ceramsite proppant. At the same time, the use of deep processing of solid waste to prepare ceramsite support frame also effectively reduces the production cost of ceramsite proppant.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil and gas extraction, specifically to a method for preparing ceramsite proppant, which overcomes the problem of efficient conversion of secondary aluminum ash, and cleverly and efficiently converts secondary aluminum ash into ceramsite proppant for application in the field of oil and gas extraction, opening up a new path for the deep processing and utilization of solid waste. Background Technology

[0002] In the complex process of aluminum smelting, bauxite undergoes high-temperature smelting and casting to produce primary aluminum ash. For a long time, production companies have strived to recover valuable metallic aluminum from this primary aluminum ash. Subsequently, this pre-processed aluminum ash, after cooling, is sent to a fine grinding process, where aluminum particles are further separated using screening technology. The remaining fine ash is the troublesome secondary aluminum ash. According to the strict definition in the "National Hazardous Waste List," secondary aluminum ash is clearly marked as hazardous waste because it contains a series of toxic and harmful substances that pose a serious threat to the ecological environment, such as fluorides, cyanides, aluminum carbide, and aluminum nitride. Any oversight during the treatment process can cause secondary aluminum ash to get out of control, causing incalculable pollution to soil, water bodies, and other ecosystems, seriously endangering ecological balance and human health.

[0003] In the current field of ceramsite proppant preparation, bauxite occupies a core position as the main raw material due to its unique physicochemical properties. Meanwhile, to achieve the environmental goal of solid waste resource utilization, industrial solid wastes such as iron tailings, red soil, shale, and fly ash are also widely incorporated into the formulation system. This diversified approach not only effectively reduces the heavy environmental pressure of industrial solid waste but also optimizes the performance of ceramsite proppants to a certain extent, enabling them to function more stably and efficiently in complex and demanding industrial scenarios such as oil and gas extraction. However, secondary aluminum ash, as a potential high-quality raw material, could potentially replace bauxite in traditional preparation processes through a scientific and rigorous harmless treatment process. This would break through the current predicament, completely solving the persistent pollution problem of secondary aluminum ash and greatly expanding the raw material sources for ceramsite proppants, injecting strong momentum into the sustainable development of industry. This has far-reaching significance and far-reaching impact. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a method for preparing ceramsite proppant.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for preparing a ceramic proppant includes the following steps:

[0007] Pre-treated and modified secondary aluminum ash is subjected to magnetic separation to remove residual magnetic substances; the magnetically separated secondary aluminum ash is mixed with a modifier and heat-treated at 300-400 ℃ for 2-3 h.

[0008] The compounding and grinding process involves mixing pretreated and modified secondary aluminum ash with red mud, pyrite slag, waste glass powder, silicon carbide micro powder, and nano-attapulgite clay in a specific ratio. The secondary aluminum ash comprises 30%-60%, red mud 10%-20%, pyrite slag 5%-15%, waste glass powder 10%-25%, silicon carbide micro powder 5%-15%, and nano-attapulgite clay 5%-15%. The mixed material is then ground using a planetary high-energy ball mill to achieve a particle size of 800-1000 mesh.

[0009] The material after low-temperature pre-calcination and activation grinding is pre-calcined at 600-700 ℃ for 3-5 h; the pre-calcined material is mixed with an activator and then activated by secondary grinding in a ball mill for 1-5 h.

[0010] Segmented calcination and crystal phase control: The activated material is placed in a rotary kiln for segmented calcination; first, the temperature is raised to 900-1000 ℃ and held for 2-4 h; then the temperature is raised to 1300-1400 ℃ and held for 2-3 h.

[0011] Spray granulation and surface treatment: After cooling, the calcined material is sprayed into a granulation tower through a high-pressure nozzle for spray granulation, with the hot air temperature controlled at 200-250 ℃. The granulated particles are then soaked in a solution containing nano-silica sol and carbon quantum dots for 1-2 hours, dried at 100-120 ℃, and sieved to obtain the ceramsite proppant. The solution containing nano-silica sol and carbon quantum dots is obtained by mixing carbon quantum dot dispersion and nano-silica sol in a 1:1 ratio.

[0012] Preparation method of carbon quantum dots: Take 2000 mL of 1 mol / L citric acid solution and add it to a 5000 mL high-pressure reactor. Heat to 180 °C and react at this temperature for 24 hours to obtain a carbon quantum dot dispersion.

[0013] Preparation method of nano-silica sol: Dilute water glass (Na2O·nSiO2) to a SiO2 content of 3%-10% and adjust the pH to 9-11; pass the sol through an H-type cation exchange resin column to replace Na2O. + The formation of silicic acid (H₂SiO₃) (Na₂O⋅nSiO₂ + 2H⁺ → nH₂SiO₃ + 2Na) + →nH2SiO3+2Na +); Silicic acid condenses into SiO2 nanoparticles under alkaline conditions (pH 8.5-10.5) to form a sol; concentration; vacuum evaporation or ultrafiltration to concentrate to the required concentration (10-50%).

[0014] In the pretreatment and modification steps, the modifiers are phosphoric acid and boric acid, and the mass ratio of secondary aluminum ash to modifier is (10-15):1.

[0015] In the compounding and grinding steps, the ball-to-material ratio is (8-10):1, and the grinding time is 4-6 h; the particle size of silicon carbide micro powder is 300-500 mesh and the particle size of nano-attapulgite is 20-50 nm (diameter).

[0016] In the low-temperature pre-calcination and activation steps, the activator is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, and the mass ratio of the pre-calcined material to the activator is 100:(5-8).

[0017] In the steps of segmented calcination and crystal phase control, the heating rate is 5-8℃ / min.

[0018] In the spray granulation and surface treatment steps, silica sol is prepared by hydrolysis of sodium silicate, and carbon quantum dot solution is prepared by hydrothermal synthesis of organic precursor. The silica sol and carbon quantum dot solution are mixed to obtain a solution containing nano silica sol and carbon quantum dots.

[0019] This invention has outstanding substantive features and significant progress compared with the prior art. Specifically, this invention provides a method for preparing ceramsite proppant, which uses secondary aluminum ash, red mud, pyrite slag, waste glass powder, silicon carbide micro powder, and nano-attapulgite clay as the main raw materials to prepare ceramsite proppant, greatly expanding the raw material sources of ceramsite proppant. At the same time, the use of deep processing of solid waste to prepare ceramsite support frame also effectively reduces the production cost of ceramsite proppant. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The following detailed description of the technical solution of the present invention uses secondary aluminum ash from the Shangjie District plant of China Aluminum Group, red mud from aluminum smelting enterprises in Henan and Luoyang, nano-attapulgite clay from the Hami deposit in Xinjiang, and waste glass powder (100-500 μm) obtained by crushing and grinding waste beer bottles as the main raw materials. Example 1

[0021] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a ceramic proppant, which includes the following steps:

[0022] Pretreatment and modification: Take 100 kg of secondary aluminum ash, separate 1 kg of ferromagnetic impurities using a magnetic separator, then mix the secondary aluminum ash with 10 kg of boric acid and heat treat it in a muffle furnace at 350 ℃ for 2.5 hours to reduce the activity of harmful impurities such as carbides and nitrides, optimize the microstructure of the secondary aluminum ash, and improve its reactivity.

[0023] Composite ingredient mixing and high-energy grinding: 40 kg of pretreated secondary aluminum ash, 10 kg of red mud, 10 kg of pyrite slag, 15 kg of waste glass powder, 10 kg of silicon carbide micro powder, and 15 kg of nano-attapulgite clay are mixed and put into a planetary high-energy ball mill. Zirconia balls are used as the grinding media, with a ball-to-material ratio of 9:1. Grinding is carried out for 5 hours, and the particle size of the material reaches 900 mesh, so as to increase the specific surface area of ​​the material and promote the subsequent reaction.

[0024] Low-temperature pre-calcination and activation: The ground material is pre-calcined at 650 °C for 2.5 hours to remove some organic matter and promote the initial transformation of the mineral phase; after cooling, it is mixed with 5 kg of sodium hydroxide and then re-ground and activated in a ball mill for 2 hours to form active sites on the surface of the material and improve the reactivity of the material.

[0025] Segmented calcination and crystal phase control: The activated material is placed in a rotary kiln. In the first stage, the temperature is raised to 950 ℃ at a heating rate of 6 ℃ / min and held for 2 hours to oxidize the metallic aluminum in the secondary aluminum ash and decompose some harmful impurities. In the second stage, the temperature is raised to 1350 ℃ at a heating rate of 7 ℃ / min and held for 2.5 hours to promote the full reaction of the components in the material and form stable mullite, corundum and other crystal phase structures.

[0026] Spray granulation and surface treatment: The calcined material was prepared into a 45% concentration slurry, and 2 kg of polyvinyl alcohol was added as a binder. The slurry was then sprayed into a granulation tower using a high-pressure nozzle at a hot air temperature of 220 ℃. The granulated particles were then immersed in a solution containing nano-silica sol and carbon quantum dots for 1.5 hours (2000 ml of a 1 mol / L citric acid solution was added to a 5000 ml high-pressure reactor, heated to 180 ℃, and reacted at this temperature for 24 hours to obtain a carbon quantum dot dispersion. This dispersion was then mixed with 15% silica sol at a volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain a solution containing nano-silica sol and carbon quantum dots, with a particle-to-solution volume ratio of 1:5). The particles were then dried at 110 ℃, forming a dense protective film on the particle surface, improving the corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the ceramsite support.

[0027] Finished product screening and quality inspection: The ceramsite proppant with a particle size (20 / 40 mesh) that meets the requirements is screened out by vibrating screening equipment. The ceramsite proppant has a strength of 59 MPa, good corrosion resistance (acid solubility of 4.5%), a bulk density of 1.65 g / cm³, and an apparent density of 2.87 g / cm³. All performance indicators meet the industry standards. Example 2

[0028] Pretreatment and modification: 120 kg of secondary aluminum ash was magnetically separated to remove 1.2 kg of magnetic impurities, which were then mixed with 8 kg of phosphoric acid and heat-treated at 300 °C for 3 hours.

[0029] Composite ingredients and high-energy grinding: 50 kg of pretreated secondary aluminum ash, 12 kg of red mud, 6 kg of pyrite slag, 12 kg of waste glass powder, 10 kg of silicon carbide micro powder, and 10 kg of nano-attapulgite clay are mixed and ground in a planetary high-energy ball mill with a ball-to-material ratio of 8:1 for 4 hours to achieve a particle size of 800 mesh.

[0030] Low-temperature pre-calcination and activation: The material is pre-calcined at 600 ℃ for 2 hours, cooled and then mixed with 6 kg of potassium hydroxide, followed by secondary grinding and activation for 1 hour;

[0031] Segmented calcination and crystal phase control: The first stage of the rotary kiln is heated to 900 ℃ and held for 1.5 hours; the second stage is heated to 1300 ℃ and held for 2 hours, with a heating rate of 5 ℃ / min.

[0032] Spray granulation and surface treatment: Prepare a 40% concentration slurry, add 1.5 kg of polyethylene glycol binder, and spray granulate at a hot air temperature of 200 ℃. Immerse the particles in a solution containing nano-silica sol and carbon quantum dots for 1 hour, and dry at 100 ℃; (Take 2000 ml of 1 mol / L citric acid solution, add it to a 5000 ml high-pressure reactor, heat to 180 ℃, and react at this temperature for 24 hours to obtain a carbon quantum dot dispersion. Mix this carbon quantum dot dispersion with 20% silica sol at a volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain a solution containing nano-silica sol and carbon quantum dots, with a particle to solution volume ratio of 1:5).

[0033] Finished product screening and quality inspection: Ceramsite proppant with the required particle size was screened using a vibrating screening device. The ceramsite proppant prepared in this example has a strength of 55 MPa, and all performance indicators meet the usage requirements. Its bulk density is 1.58 g / cm³, and its apparent density is 2.71 g / cm³. It exhibits good sphericity, meets corrosion resistance requirements, is suitable for conventional oil and gas extraction, and demonstrates outstanding performance in resisting chemical erosion (mass loss rate is 40%-50% lower than industry standards). Example 3

[0034] Pretreatment and modification: 150 kg of secondary aluminum ash was separated into 1.5 kg of magnetic impurities by magnetic separation, mixed with 12 kg of boric acid, and heat-treated at 400 ℃ for 2 hours;

[0035] Composite ingredients and high-energy grinding: 60 kg of pretreated secondary aluminum ash, 15 kg of red mud, 5 kg of pyrite slag, 5 kg of waste glass powder, 15 kg of silicon carbide micro powder, and 10 kg of nano-attapulgite clay are mixed with a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1 and ground for 6 hours until the material particle size reaches 1000 mesh.

[0036] Low-temperature pre-calcination and activation: Pre-calcined at 700 ℃ for 1 hour, cooled and mixed with 8 kg of sodium hydroxide, then ground and activated for 2 hours.

[0037] Segmented calcination and crystal phase control: The first stage of the rotary kiln is heated to 1000 ℃ and held for 1.5 hours; the second stage is heated to 1400 ℃ and held for 3 hours, with a heating rate of 8 ℃ / min.

[0038] Spray granulation and surface treatment: Prepare a 50% concentration slurry, add 2.5 kg of binder, and spray granulate at a hot air temperature of 250 ℃. Immerse the particles in a solution containing nano-silica sol and carbon quantum dots for 2 hours, and dry at 120 ℃ (take 2000 ml of 1 mol / L citric acid solution, add it to a 5000 ml high-pressure reactor, heat to 180 ℃, and react at this temperature for 24 hours to obtain a carbon quantum dot dispersion. This carbon quantum dot dispersion is mixed with 24% silica sol at a volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain a solution containing nano-silica sol and carbon quantum dots, with a particle to solution volume ratio of 1:5).

[0039] Finished product screening and quality inspection: Vibrating screening equipment was used to screen out ceramic proppant particles that met the required particle size. These proppant particles exhibited a compressive strength of 68 MPa, good sphericity, and met the requirements for use in complex downhole environments. The bulk density was 1.7 g / cm³. 3 The apparent density is 2.9 g / cm³. 3 With a breakage rate of ≤7.5%, it is suitable for complex mining environments such as deep wells, and its overall performance is more than 30% better than traditional ceramic proppant. Example 4

[0040] Pretreatment and modification: Weigh 80 kg of secondary aluminum ash and separate 0.8 kg of magnetic impurities using a magnetic separator. Mix the secondary aluminum ash with 6 kg of boric acid and heat-treat in an electric furnace at 320 ℃ for 2.2 hours.

[0041] Composite ingredient mixing and high-energy grinding: 30 kg of pretreated secondary aluminum ash, 8 kg of red mud, 12 kg of pyrite slag, 15 kg of waste glass powder, 10 kg of silicon carbide micro powder, and 25 kg of nano-attapulgite clay are mixed evenly and put into a planetary high-energy ball mill. Zirconia balls are used as the grinding media, the ball-to-material ratio is 8.5:1, and the grinding is carried out for 4.5 hours to achieve a particle size of 850 mesh.

[0042] Low-temperature pre-calcination and activation: The ground material was pre-calcined at 620 °C for 2 hours, cooled, and then mixed with 4 kg of potassium hydroxide. The mixture was then re-ground and activated in a ball mill for 2.5 hours.

[0043] Segmented calcination and crystal phase control: The activated material is fed into a rotary kiln. The first stage is heated to 950 ℃ at a heating rate of 5.5 ℃ / min and held for 2 hours; the second stage is heated to 1320 ℃ at a heating rate of 6.5 ℃ / min and held for 3 hours.

[0044] Spray granulation and surface treatment: The calcined material was made into a 42% concentration slurry, and 1.8 kg of polyacrylamide was added as a binder. The slurry was sprayed into a granulation tower through a high-pressure nozzle at a hot air temperature of 210 ℃. The granulated particles were soaked in a solution containing nano-silica sol and carbon quantum dots for 2 hours and then dried at 105 ℃ (2000 ml of 1 mol / L citric acid solution was added to a 5000 ml high-pressure reactor, heated to 180 ℃, and reacted at this temperature for 24 hours to obtain a carbon quantum dot dispersion. This carbon quantum dot dispersion was mixed with 28% silica sol at a volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain a solution containing nano-silica sol and carbon quantum dots, with a particle to solution volume ratio of 1:5).

[0045] Finished product screening and quality inspection: The ceramic proppant with qualified particle size is screened by vibrating screening equipment. The strength reaches 52 MPa. It is suitable for oil and gas extraction operations with high requirements for wear resistance of proppant (breakage rate ≤9%). Its bulk density is 1.52 g / cm³, apparent density is 2.73 g / cm³, acid solubility is 4.5%, porosity is 14%, and it is suitable for shallow well oil and gas extraction. It has stable performance under normal environment. Example 5

[0046] Pretreatment and modification: Take 130 kg of secondary aluminum ash, separate 1.3 kg of magnetic impurities using a strong magnetic separator, then mix it with 11 kg of phosphoric acid, and heat treat it in a muffle furnace at 380 ℃ for 2.8 hours.

[0047] Composite ingredient mixing and high-energy grinding: 55 kg of pretreated secondary aluminum ash, 10 kg of red mud, 6 kg of pyrite slag, 14 kg of waste glass powder, 12 kg of silicon carbide micro powder and 3 kg of nano-attapulgite were mixed and put into a planetary high-energy ball mill with a ball-to-material ratio of 9.5:1 and ground for 5.5 hours until the material particle size reached 950 mesh.

[0048] Low-temperature pre-calcination and activation: The material was pre-calcined at 680 ℃ for 1.2 hours, cooled, mixed with 7 kg of sodium hydroxide, and then ground and activated for 1.8 hours.

[0049] Segmented calcination and crystal phase control: The first stage of the rotary kiln is heated to 980 ℃ and held for 1.5 hours; the second stage is heated to 1380 ℃ and held for 3 hours, with a heating rate of 7.5 ℃ / min.

[0050] Spray granulation and surface treatment: A 48% concentration slurry was prepared, 2.2 kg of binder was added, and spray granulation was performed at a hot air temperature of 240 ℃. The particles were soaked in a solution containing nano-silica sol and carbon quantum dots for 1.7 hours and dried at 115 ℃ (2000 ml of 1 mol / L citric acid solution was added to a 5000 ml high-pressure reactor, heated to 180 ℃, and reacted at this temperature for 24 hours to obtain a carbon quantum dot dispersion. This carbon quantum dot dispersion was mixed with 15% silica sol at a volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain a solution containing nano-silica sol and carbon quantum dots, with a particle to solution volume ratio of 1:5).

[0051] Finished product screening and quality inspection: The ceramic proppant with a particle size of 20 / 40 mesh is screened out by vibrating screening equipment. The ceramic proppant has a compressive strength of 62 MPa, a bulk density of 1.78 g / cm³, an apparent density of 2.62 g / cm³, high sphericity, and a breakage rate of ≤8%. It is suitable for medium-depth oil wells and can maintain good performance under complex geological conditions. Example 6

[0052] Pretreatment and modification: 110 kg of secondary aluminum ash was magnetically separated to obtain 1.1 kg of magnetic impurities, which were then mixed with 9 kg of boric acid and heat-treated at 340 ℃ for 2.4 hours.

[0053] Composite ingredients and high-energy grinding: 45 kg of pretreated secondary aluminum ash, 14 kg of red mud, 8 kg of pyrite slag, 13 kg of waste glass powder, 10 kg of silicon carbide micro powder, and 10 kg of nano-attapulgite clay were mixed and ground in a planetary high-energy ball mill with a ball-to-material ratio of 9:1 for 5 hours until the material particle size reached 950 mesh.

[0054] Low-temperature pre-calcination and activation: Pre-calcined at 650 °C for 1.5 hours, cooled and mixed with 5 kg of potassium hydroxide, then ground and activated for 2 hours.

[0055] Segmented calcination and crystal phase control: The first stage of the rotary kiln is heated to 950 ℃ and held for 1.5 hours; the second stage is heated to 1350 ℃ and held for 2.5 hours, with a heating rate of 6 ℃ / min.

[0056] Spray granulation and surface treatment: A 44% concentration slurry was prepared, 2 kg of binder was added, and spray granulation was performed at a hot air temperature of 230℃. The particles were soaked in a solution containing nano-silica sol and carbon quantum dots for 1.5 hours and dried at 108℃; (2000 ml of 1 mol / L citric acid solution was added to a 5000 ml high-pressure reactor, heated to 180℃, and reacted at this temperature for 24 hours to obtain a carbon quantum dot dispersion. This carbon quantum dot dispersion was mixed with 12% silica sol at a volume ratio of 1:1 to obtain a solution containing nano-silica sol and carbon quantum dots, with a particle-to-solution volume ratio of 1:5).

[0057] Finished product screening and quality inspection: The ceramsite proppant with a particle size of 20 / 40 mesh is screened out by vibrating screening equipment. The ceramsite proppant has a compressive strength of 57 MPa, a bulk density of 1.69 g / cm³, an apparent density of 2.57 g / cm³, an acid solubility of 4.1%, and a porosity of 13.5%. It is suitable for ordinary oil and gas field development and can meet the usage requirements of general development environments.

[0058] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention or equivalent substitutions can be made to some technical features without departing from the spirit of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be covered within the scope of the technical solutions claimed in the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a ceramic proppant, comprising the following steps: Pretreatment and modification: The secondary aluminum ash is subjected to magnetic separation to remove residual magnetic substances; the magnetically separated secondary aluminum ash is mixed with a modifier and heat-treated at 300-400℃ for 2-3 hours; the modifier is phosphoric acid or boric acid. Compounding and Grinding: The pretreated and modified secondary aluminum ash is mixed with red mud, pyrite slag, waste glass powder, silicon carbide micro powder, and nano-attapulgite clay in a certain proportion; wherein, the proportion of secondary aluminum ash is 30%-60%, red mud is 10%-20%, pyrite slag is 5%-15%, waste glass powder is 10%-25%, silicon carbide micro powder is 5%-15%, and nano-attapulgite clay is 5%-15%; the mixed material is ground using a planetary high-energy ball mill to achieve a particle size of 800-1000 mesh. Low-temperature pre-calcination and activation: The ground material is pre-calcined at 600-700 ℃ for 3-5 h; the pre-calcined material is mixed with an activator and then re-ground in a ball mill for 1-5 h for activation; the activator is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. Segmented calcination and crystal phase control: The activated material is placed in a rotary kiln for segmented calcination; first, the temperature is raised to 900-1000 ℃ and held for 2-4 h; then the temperature is raised to 1300-1400 ℃ and held for 2-3 h. Spray granulation and surface treatment: After cooling, the calcined material is sprayed into the granulation tower through a high-pressure nozzle for spray granulation. The hot air temperature is controlled at 200-250 ℃. The granulated particles are soaked in a solution containing nano-silica sol and carbon quantum dots for 1-2 h, then dried at 100-120 ℃, and then sieved to obtain ceramsite proppant.

2. The method for preparing the ceramsite proppant according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the pretreatment and modification steps, the mass ratio of secondary aluminum ash to modifier is (10-15):

1.

3. The method for preparing the ceramsite proppant according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the compounding and grinding steps, the ball-to-material ratio is (8-10):1, and the grinding time is 4-6 h; the particle size of silicon carbide micro powder is 300-500 mesh, and the particle size of nano-attapulgite is 20-50 nm.

4. The method for preparing the ceramsite proppant according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the low-temperature pre-calcination and activation steps, the mass ratio of the pre-calcined material to the activator is 100:(5-8).

5. The method for preparing the ceramsite proppant according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the steps of segmented calcination and crystal phase control, the heating rate is 5-8℃ / min.

6. The method for preparing the ceramsite proppant according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the spray granulation and surface treatment steps, silica sol is prepared by hydrolysis of sodium silicate, and carbon quantum dot solution is prepared by hydrothermal synthesis of organic precursor. The silica sol and carbon quantum dot solution are mixed to obtain a solution containing nano silica sol and carbon quantum dots.