An aquatic ecological intelligent monitoring device and method based on fish AI online identification

Abstract

The application provides a water ecological intelligent monitoring device and method based on fish AI online identification, and relates to the technical field of video monitoring processing. The monitoring device comprises an angle regulation mechanism, an image acquisition unit, a cleaning mechanism and a sensing detection assembly. The bottom of the angle regulation mechanism is provided with a top plate, the bottom of the top plate is attached with a floating plate, the bottom end of the angle regulation mechanism is connected with a rotating shaft, the outer side of the rotating shaft is provided with an inner sleeve, the outer side of the inner sleeve is provided with an outer sleeve, and the rotating shaft and the outer sleeve are both in rotary motion. The application can construct a fish biological integrity index to comprehensively evaluate ecological health, realize rapid response to pollution events, flexibly provide cleaning treatment for the image acquisition unit at the bottom, eliminate the generated image acquisition dead angle area, protect the image acquisition unit when not identifying and collecting for a long time, and comprehensively investigate whether fish approach the surrounding environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of video surveillance processing technology, specifically to an intelligent aquatic ecosystem monitoring device and method based on online fish AI identification. Background Technology

[0002] Aquatic ecosystem monitoring technology based on fish AI identification collects real-time data on fish activity and water quality using underwater camera arrays and IoT sensors, and performs localized AI processing using edge computing terminals. It can simultaneously analyze parameters such as dissolved oxygen and turbidity, construct the Fish Biotic Integrity Index (F-IBI) to assess ecological health, and improve monitoring reliability in turbid water and nighttime environments through multimodal data fusion technology. It supports scenarios such as illegal fishing identification and invasive species early warning, providing dynamic decision support for aquatic ecosystem protection.

[0003] Existing intelligent aquatic ecosystem monitoring solutions based on fish AI require the deployment of multiple underwater image acquisition and monitoring devices to obtain raw data on the surrounding fish ecosystem. However, due to the diverse underwater environments, prolonged submersion of monitoring devices can lead to the adhesion of numerous impurities on their surfaces, reducing the clarity of the acquired images. Conversely, directly installing a cleaning system on the side can obstruct the image acquisition range, creating blind spots. Furthermore, conventional monitoring devices cannot comprehensively detect whether fish are approaching from the surrounding environment. Installing multiple vibration sensors increases equipment costs, and the underwater installation of multiple sensors also increases the overall failure rate and maintenance frequency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide an intelligent aquatic ecosystem monitoring device and method based on online fish AI identification, thereby solving the problems mentioned in the background. The present invention can construct a fish biological integrity index to comprehensively assess ecological health, achieve rapid response to pollution events, flexibly clean the bottom image acquisition unit, eliminate blind spots in image acquisition, and provide closed protection for the image acquisition unit when no identification or acquisition is performed for a long time. At the same time, it can also conduct a comprehensive investigation of whether fish are approaching in the surrounding environment.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an intelligent aquatic ecological monitoring device based on online fish AI identification, comprising a monitoring device body, the monitoring device body including an angle adjustment mechanism, an image acquisition unit, a cleaning mechanism, and sensor detection components. A top plate is installed at the bottom of the angle adjustment mechanism, and a floating plate is attached to the bottom of the top plate. A rotating shaft is connected to the bottom end of the angle adjustment mechanism. An inner sleeve is fitted around the outer side of the rotating shaft, and an outer sleeve is fitted around the outer side of the inner sleeve. Both the rotating shaft and the outer sleeve rotate, while the inner sleeve remains fixed. The bottom end of the rotating shaft is embedded inside the image acquisition unit. The bottom of the outer sleeve is connected to the top end of the cleaning mechanism. A base plate is integrally formed at the bottom of the cleaning mechanism. Multiple sensor detection components are embedded on the surface of the base plate, and these components are evenly distributed above the base plate. Multiple floating columns are embedded at the bottom of the floating plate.

[0006] Furthermore, the angle adjustment mechanism includes a drive chamber, a first gear, and a second gear. A motor is screwed into the drive chamber, a fixed seat is inserted into the surface of the top plate, and a fixed plate is integrally formed on the top of the fixed seat. The top of the rotating shaft is embedded into the bottom of the fixed plate through a bearing.

[0007] Furthermore, a second gear is keyed to the surface of the rotating shaft. The second gear is pressed against the surface of the top plate. The outer sleeve is welded to the bottom surface of the second gear and passes upward from the middle position between the floating plate and the top plate. A toothed belt is fitted on the side of the first gear. Both the toothed belt and the second gear mesh with the transmission gear inside the drive compartment.

[0008] Furthermore, a mating collar is provided at the top of the second gear, and a plug sleeve is welded to the bottom of the fixing plate. The bottom of the plug sleeve is embedded in the inner side of the mating collar, and the bottom of the plug sleeve is pressed against the bottom of the mating collar by a steel ball.

[0009] Furthermore, the image acquisition unit includes an image acquisition camera and a sealed chamber. The image acquisition camera is screwed to the end of the rotating shaft, the sealed chamber is welded to the bottom of the inner sleeve, and a light-transmitting plate is installed on the side of the sealed chamber. A limit ring is attached to the inner wall of the sealed chamber, and a threaded sleeve is provided at the bottom of the sealed chamber. The image acquisition camera is embedded inside the sealed chamber.

[0010] Furthermore, the cleaning mechanism includes a transmission arm, a sponge sleeve, and a rotating chamber. The middle of the transmission arm is integrally formed at the bottom of the outer sleeve, and a telescopic pipe is inserted into the bottom end of the transmission arm. The sponge sleeve is fitted onto the surface of the telescopic pipe, and a rotating chamber is welded to the bottom end of the telescopic pipe.

[0011] Furthermore, a rubber scraper is provided on the top of the rotating chamber, and the inner side of the rubber scraper and the inner wall of the rotating chamber are flush with the outer surface of the light-transmitting plate. A threaded post is inserted into the inner side of the rotating chamber, and the top of the threaded post is inserted into the inside of the threaded sleeve. The side of the sponge sleeve is pressed against the surface of the light-transmitting plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the sensing and detection component includes a base, a conductive ball, and a floating ball. The top of the base has a slot, and the top two sides of the base are integrally formed with columns, and the top of the columns are equipped with conductive rings.

[0013] Furthermore, a conductive ball is embedded inside the slot, a conductive wire is connected to the top of the conductive ball, and a floating ball is connected to the top of the conductive wire. The conductive ball rotates inside the slot.

[0014] A monitoring method using the above-mentioned monitoring device includes the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Set up an underwater image acquisition array;

[0016] Step 2: Determine the location of the fish using the sensor detection unit and obtain comprehensive fish image information;

[0017] Step 3: The bottom of the monitoring device integrates water quality sensors for dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, conductivity, ammonia nitrogen, etc., and collects data once at a fixed period.

[0018] Step 4: Automatically track the fish school using a moving target detection algorithm, calculate population density and biomass, and identify abnormal behavior;

[0019] Step 5: Conduct an ecological health assessment, construct a fish biological integrity index model, and output an ecological health rating by combining species richness and the proportion of endemic species.

[0020] Step 6: Regularly perform self-cleaning on the monitoring device and establish a remote diagnostic system to predict equipment failures using vibration sensors.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0022] 1. This intelligent aquatic ecological monitoring device based on fish AI online identification can flexibly clean the bottom image acquisition unit and eliminate blind spots in image acquisition. When no identification or acquisition is performed for a long time, the image acquisition unit can be sealed and protected, thereby further improving the clarity of image acquisition during use.

[0023] 2. This intelligent aquatic ecological monitoring device based on AI-powered online fish identification can comprehensively investigate whether fish are approaching in the surrounding environment, expanding the range of collected image data, providing a more comprehensive monitoring angle, and avoiding a significant increase in equipment costs while having a lower failure rate.

[0024] 3. This intelligent aquatic ecosystem monitoring method based on online fish AI recognition integrates underwater images, sonar, and water quality parameters (dissolved oxygen / turbidity, etc.) to construct the Fish Biological Integrity Index (F-IBI) for comprehensive assessment of ecological health. It achieves rapid response to pollution events through multimodal data linkage (such as abnormal fish behavior + water quality mutation). Edge computing and cross-modal algorithms overcome the bottlenecks of turbid water and nighttime monitoring, and the accuracy is effectively improved compared with traditional optical methods. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of an intelligent aquatic ecosystem monitoring device based on online fish AI identification according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission part of the angle adjustment mechanism for the cleaning mechanism in this invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission part of the angle adjustment mechanism for the image acquisition camera in this invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a connection diagram of the image acquisition unit and the cleaning mechanism of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the internal structure of the image acquisition unit of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of our cleaning organization;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sensing and detection component of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a flowchart of an intelligent aquatic ecosystem monitoring method based on online fish AI identification, according to the present invention.

[0033] In the diagram: 1. Floating plate; 2. Angle adjustment mechanism; 3. Image acquisition unit; 4. Cleaning mechanism; 5. Base plate; 6. Sensing and detection component; 7. Top plate; 8. Floating column; 9. Drive chamber; 10. First gear; 11. Outer sleeve; 12. Docking ring; 13. Fixing plate; 14. Fixing seat; 15. Rotating shaft; 16. Insert sleeve; 17. Second gear; 18. Toothed belt; 19. Image acquisition camera; 20. Inner sleeve; 21. Transmission arm; 22. Sealing chamber; 23. Light-transmitting plate; 24. Threaded sleeve; 25. Limiting ring; 26. Telescopic pipe; 27. Sponge sleeve; 28. Rotating chamber; 29. ​​Rubber scraper; 30. Threaded column; 31. Base; 32. Slot; 33. Column; 34. Conductive ring; 35. Conductive ball; 36. Conductive wire; 37. Floating ball. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0035] Please see Figures 1 to 8 The present invention provides the following technical solution: an intelligent aquatic ecological monitoring device based on fish AI online identification, comprising a monitoring device body, the monitoring device body including an angle adjustment mechanism 2, an image acquisition unit 3, a cleaning mechanism 4 and a sensing and detection component 6, a top plate 7 installed at the bottom of the angle adjustment mechanism 2, a floating plate 1 attached to the bottom of the top plate 7, a rotating shaft 15 connected to the bottom end of the angle adjustment mechanism 2, an inner sleeve 20 sleeved on the outer side of the rotating shaft 15, an outer sleeve 11 sleeved on the outer side of the inner sleeve 20, both the rotating shaft 15 and the outer sleeve 11 rotating, the inner sleeve 20 always remaining fixed, the bottom end of the rotating shaft 15 embedded in the interior of the image acquisition unit 3, the bottom of the outer sleeve 11 connected to the top end of the cleaning mechanism 4, a base plate 5 integrally formed at the bottom of the cleaning mechanism 4, multiple sensing and detection components 6 embedded on the surface of the base plate 5, and the sensing and detection components 6 evenly distributed above the base plate 5, and multiple floating columns 8 embedded at the bottom of the floating plate 1. The monitoring device collects and identifies underwater images through monitoring.

[0036] In use, this invention involves constructing an underwater image acquisition array. Each array comprises multiple monitoring devices, each floating on the water surface via a top floating plate 1. The image acquisition unit 3 and cleaning mechanism 4 are placed in the underwater area. Multiple sensor components 6 are deployed at the bottom of each monitoring device via a base plate 5. These sensors determine the location of fish and, based on the detected fish approaching, control the top angle adjustment mechanism 2. This mechanism then rotates the image acquisition unit 3 until the fish AI identifies the approaching fish, thus acquiring comprehensive fish image information. The cleaning mechanism 4 periodically cleans the outside of the image acquisition unit 3 to ensure sufficient image data clarity. When monitoring is not required for extended periods, the cleaning mechanism 4 also encloses the sides of the image acquisition unit 3.

[0037] In this embodiment, the angle adjustment mechanism 2 includes a drive chamber 9, a first gear 10, and a second gear 17. A motor is screwed into the drive chamber 9. A fixing seat 14 is inserted into the surface of the top plate 7. A fixing plate 13 is integrally formed on the top of the fixing seat 14. The top of the rotating shaft 15 is embedded into the bottom of the fixing plate 13 through a bearing. The second gear 17 is keyed to the surface of the rotating shaft 15 and presses against the surface of the top plate 7. The outer sleeve 11 is welded to the bottom surface of the second gear 17 and passes upward from the middle position between the floating plate 1 and the top plate 7. A toothed belt 18 is fitted on the side of the first gear 10. Both the toothed belt 18 and the second gear 17 mesh with the transmission gear inside the drive chamber 9. The second gear 17 has a docking collar 12 at its top, and the bottom of the fixing plate 13 is welded with a plug sleeve 16. The bottom of the plug sleeve 16 is embedded in the inner side of the docking collar 12, and the bottom of the plug sleeve 16 is pressed against the bottom of the docking collar 12 by steel balls.

[0038] Specifically, after starting the motor inside the drive compartment 9, the entire angle adjustment mechanism 2 is driven to operate by the drive shaft at the bottom of the motor. Through the multiple gear structures on the drive shaft, the toothed belt 18 is controlled to rotate, which in turn drives the rotating shaft 15 and the bottom image acquisition camera 19 to rotate through the linkage of the second gear 17, thereby changing the image acquisition range. At the same time, the gear sets above and below the drive shaft can drive the outer first gear 10 to rotate. After the first gear 10 rotates, it drives the bottom outer sleeve 11 to rotate. The outer sleeve 11 then directly drives the cleaning mechanism 4 below to operate, realizing the switching process of cleaning or opening / closing the image acquisition unit 3. Since the cleaning mechanism 4 and the image acquisition camera 19 rotate synchronously, but their rotation speeds and directions are different, when the image acquisition camera 19 is blocked by the sponge sleeve 27 on the side of the cleaning mechanism 4 after rotating, it is only necessary to continue to control the image acquisition camera 19 to rotate. After rotating one more revolution, the image acquisition camera 19 will return to the same acquisition angle position, while the sponge sleeve 27 will have rotated to another position due to the different rotation speed, thus avoiding the blocking problem.

[0039] In this embodiment, the image acquisition unit 3 includes an image acquisition camera 19 and a sealed chamber 22. The image acquisition camera 19 is screwed to the end of the rotating shaft 15. The sealed chamber 22 is welded to the bottom of the inner sleeve 20, and a light-transmitting plate 23 is installed on the side of the sealed chamber 22. A limit ring 25 is attached to the inner wall of the sealed chamber 22, and a threaded sleeve 24 is provided at the bottom of the sealed chamber 22. The image acquisition camera 19 is embedded inside the sealed chamber 22. The cleaning mechanism 4 includes a transmission arm 21, a sponge sleeve 27, and a rotating chamber 28. The middle of the transmission arm 21 is integrally formed at the bottom of the outer sleeve 11. A telescopic pipe 26 is inserted into the bottom of the end of the transmission arm 21. The sponge sleeve 27 is sleeved on the surface of the telescopic pipe 26, and the rotating chamber 28 is welded to the bottom end of the telescopic pipe 26. It can flexibly clean the bottom image acquisition unit 3 and eliminate the resulting image acquisition dead zone area. When the image acquisition unit 3 is not used for recognition and acquisition for a long time, it can seal and protect it, thereby further improving the clarity of the image acquisition in use.

[0040] Specifically, after the outer sleeve 11 is rotated by the aforementioned angle adjustment mechanism 2, the transmission arm 21 at the bottom of the outer sleeve 11 drives the telescopic pipe 26, the sponge sleeve 27, and the rotating chamber 28 at the bottom to rotate. The sponge sleeve 27 scrapes the light-transmitting plate 23 on the side of the image acquisition unit 3 to achieve the purpose of cleaning. When it is necessary to completely seal the image acquisition unit 3, the angle adjustment mechanism 2 controls the entire cleaning mechanism 4 to rotate continuously, so that the threaded post 30 at the bottom can be embedded into the inside of the threaded sleeve 24, the rotating chamber 28 moves upward, the telescopic pipe 26 retracts, and the rubber scraper 29 scrapes and moves upward along the surface of the light-transmitting plate 23. Finally, the rotating chamber 28 is fitted onto the side of the sealing chamber 22, and the rubber layer on the inner wall of the rotating chamber 28 is completely squeezed and adhered to the surface of the light-transmitting plate 23, so as to achieve the enclosure and sealing treatment of the internal image acquisition unit 3.

[0041] In this embodiment, a rubber scraper 29 is provided on the top of the rotating chamber 28. The inner side of the rubber scraper 29 and the inner wall of the rotating chamber 28 are flush with the outer surface of the light-transmitting plate 23. A threaded post 30 is inserted into the inner side of the rotating chamber 28. The top of the threaded post 30 is inserted into the inside of the threaded sleeve 24. The side of the sponge sleeve 27 is pressed against the surface of the light-transmitting plate 23. The sensing and detection component 6 includes a base 31, a conductive ball 35, and a floating ball 37. A slot 32 is provided on the top of the base 31. Columns 33 are integrally formed on both sides of the top of the base 31. A conductive ring 34 is installed on the top of the column 33. A conductive ball 35 is embedded inside the slot 32. A conductive wire 36 is connected to the top of the conductive ball 35. A floating ball 37 is connected to the top of the conductive wire 36. The conductive ball 35 rotates inside the slot 32. It can comprehensively investigate whether fish are approaching in the surrounding environment, expand the range of collected image data, provide a more comprehensive monitoring angle, and avoid significantly increasing equipment costs while having a lower failure rate.

[0042] Specifically, the base plate 5 has multiple sensing and detection components 6 distributed on top. The floating ball 37 pulls the conductive wire 36 to keep it vertically upward without external interference. When fish approach, the resulting ripples affect the floating ball 37, causing it to pull the bottom conductive wire 36 to rotate to one side until the conductive wire 36 contacts the side conductive ring 34, thus connecting the circuit and generating an electrical signal. This electrical signal is used to control the image acquisition unit 3, thereby rotating the image acquisition camera 19 to capture images of the approaching fish.

[0043] This embodiment also provides a monitoring method using the above-mentioned monitoring device, including the following steps:

[0044] Step 1: Construct an underwater image acquisition array. Each acquisition array consists of multiple monitoring devices. Each monitoring device floats on the water surface via a floating plate 1 on top, and the image acquisition unit 3 and cleaning mechanism 4 are placed in the underwater area.

[0045] Step 2: At the bottom of each monitoring device, multiple sensing and detection components 6 are set up through the base plate 5. The sensing and detection units determine the location of the fish and control the angle adjustment mechanism 2 at the top to operate based on the detected fish approaching information. In turn, the angle adjustment mechanism 2 drives the image acquisition unit 3 to rotate until the fish AI recognizes the approaching fish, thereby collecting comprehensive fish image information.

[0046] Step 3: The bottom of the monitoring device integrates water quality sensors such as dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, conductivity, and ammonia nitrogen. Data is collected once at a fixed period, and the monitoring device is deployed in areas such as lakes and reservoirs where the water is not flowing.

[0047] Step 4: Automatically track fish schools using a moving target detection algorithm, calculate population density and biomass, identify abnormal behavior, and establish a multi-parameter linkage response mechanism: when dissolved oxygen <4mg / L and a large number of small fish die, automatically trigger a heavy metal pollution warning and locate the probability distribution area of ​​the pollution source;

[0048] Step 5: Conduct an ecological health assessment, construct a fish biological integrity index model, and output an ecological health rating by combining species richness and the proportion of endemic species. Input visible light images and side-scan sonar data into a multimodal Transformer network to solve the identification problem in murky water environments and improve the accuracy of nighttime monitoring.

[0049] Step Six: Key monitoring data is uploaded to the blockchain in real time to generate an immutable ecological audit report, meeting ESG information disclosure requirements. The monitoring devices are regularly self-cleaned, and a remote diagnostic system is established to predict equipment failures using vibration sensors.

[0050] This method integrates underwater imagery, sonar, and water quality parameters (dissolved oxygen / turbidity, etc.) to construct the Fish Biotic Integrity Index (F-IBI) for comprehensive assessment of ecological health. It enables rapid response to pollution events through multimodal data linkage (such as abnormal fish behavior + sudden changes in water quality). Edge computing and cross-modal algorithms overcome the bottlenecks of turbid water and nighttime monitoring, and the accuracy is effectively improved compared with traditional optical methods.

[0051] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention and its advantages. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention.

[0052] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An intelligent aquatic ecosystem monitoring device based on online fish AI identification, comprising a monitoring device body, characterized in that: The monitoring device body includes an angle adjustment mechanism (2), an image acquisition unit (3), a cleaning mechanism (4), and a sensing and detection component (6). A top plate (7) is installed at the bottom of the angle adjustment mechanism (2), and a floating plate (1) is attached to the bottom of the top plate (7). A rotating shaft (15) is connected to the bottom end of the angle adjustment mechanism (2). An inner sleeve (20) is fitted on the outside of the rotating shaft (15), and an outer sleeve (11) is fitted on the outside of the inner sleeve (20). Both the rotating shaft (15) and the outer sleeve (11) rotate. The inner sleeve (20) remains fixed. The bottom end of the rotating shaft (15) is embedded inside the image acquisition unit (3). The bottom of the outer sleeve (11) is connected to the top of the cleaning mechanism (4). The bottom of the cleaning mechanism (4) is integrally formed with a base plate (5). Multiple sensing and detection components (6) are embedded on the surface of the base plate (5), and the sensing and detection components (6) are evenly distributed above the base plate (5). Multiple floating columns (8) are embedded at the bottom of the floating plate (1). The angle adjustment mechanism (2) includes a drive chamber (9), a first gear (10), and a second gear (17). A motor is screwed into the drive chamber (9). A fixing seat (14) is inserted into the surface of the top plate (7). A fixing plate (13) is integrally formed on the top of the fixing seat (14). The top of the rotating shaft (15) is open to the air intake. The bearing is embedded in the bottom of the fixed plate (13); the image acquisition unit (3) includes an image acquisition camera (19) and a sealing chamber (22). The image acquisition camera (19) is screwed to the end of the rotating shaft (15). The sealing chamber (22) is welded to the bottom of the inner sleeve (20). A light-transmitting plate (23) is installed on the side of the sealing chamber (22). A limit ring (25) is attached to the inner wall of the sealing chamber (22). A threaded sleeve (24) is opened at the bottom of the sealing chamber (22). The image acquisition camera (19) is embedded in the interior of the sealing chamber (22); the cleaning mechanism (4) includes a transmission arm (21), a sponge sleeve (27), and a rotating chamber (28). The transmission arm (21) The middle integral molding of the transmission arm (21) is at the bottom of the outer sleeve (11). The bottom end of the transmission arm (21) is fitted with a telescopic pipe (26). The sponge sleeve (27) is fitted on the surface of the telescopic pipe (26). The bottom end of the telescopic pipe (26) is welded with a rotating chamber (28). The top of the rotating chamber (28) is provided with a rubber scraper (29). The inner side of the rubber scraper (29) and the inner wall of the rotating chamber (28) are flush with the outer surface of the light-transmitting plate (23). The inner side of the rotating chamber (28) is fitted with a threaded column (30). The top of the threaded column (30) is inserted into the inside of the threaded sleeve (24). The side of the sponge sleeve (27) is pressed against the surface of the light-transmitting plate (23).The sensing and detection component (6) includes a base (31), a conductive ball (35), and a floating ball (37). The top of the base (31) is provided with a slot (32), and the top two sides of the base (31) are integrally formed with columns (33). The top of the columns (33) is equipped with conductive rings (34). The surface of the rotating shaft (15) is keyed with a second gear (17). The second gear (17) is pressed against the surface of the top plate (7). The outer sleeve (11) is welded to the bottom surface of the second gear (17), and the outer sleeve (11) passes upward from the middle position between the floating plate (1) and the top plate (7). The side of the first gear (10) is fitted with a toothed belt (18). The shaped belt (18) and the second gear (17) are both meshed with the transmission gear inside the drive chamber (9); the top of the second gear (17) is provided with a docking collar (12), and the bottom of the fixed plate (13) is welded with a plug sleeve (16). The bottom of the plug sleeve (16) is embedded in the inner side of the docking collar (12), and the bottom of the plug sleeve (16) is pressed against the bottom of the docking collar (12) by steel balls; a conductive ball (35) is embedded in the inside of the slot (32), and a conductive wire (36) is connected to the top of the conductive ball (35). A floating ball (37) is connected to the top of the conductive wire (36), and the conductive ball (35) rotates inside the slot (32); The base plate (5) has multiple sensing and detection components (6) distributed on top. The conductive wire (36) is pulled by the floating ball (37) and always remains vertically upward without being disturbed by external forces. The conductive wire (36) contacts the conductive ring (34) on the side to realize the connection of the circuit, thereby generating an electrical signal. The image acquisition unit (3) is controlled by the electrical signal, thereby rotating the image acquisition camera (19) to be able to acquire images of the approaching fish.

2. A monitoring method using the monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Set up an underwater image acquisition array; Step 2: Determine the location of the fish using the sensor detection unit and obtain comprehensive fish image information; Step 3: The bottom of the monitoring device integrates water quality sensors for dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, conductivity, ammonia nitrogen, etc., and collects data once at a fixed period. Step 4: Automatically track the fish school using a moving target detection algorithm, calculate population density and biomass, and identify abnormal behavior; Step 5: Conduct an ecological health assessment, construct a fish biological integrity index model, and output an ecological health rating by combining species richness and the proportion of endemic species. Step 6: Regularly perform self-cleaning on the monitoring device and establish a remote diagnostic system to predict equipment failures using vibration sensors.

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