Application of fused ring polyphenols and fertilizers in leafy vegetable growth

Abstract

The application discloses application of fused ring polyphenol and fertilizer in growth of leaf vegetable plants and relates to the technical field of fertilizers. The application mode comprises separate application of the fused ring polyphenol and the fertilizer, and the fused ring polyphenol and the fertilizer are mixed to form a co-soluble fertilizer. 0.6-1L of 1% fused ring polyphenol solution is applied per 30kg of fertilizer, and before application, the 1% fused ring polyphenol solution is diluted according to a set multiple. The application can promote the absorption and utilization rate of plants to the existing fertilizer, and has a good fertilizer preservation effect. The application can also optimize the structure and properties of the soil, and promote the morphological formation and growth of the plant root system. Especially, under a certain concentration and dilution ratio, the application can promote the yield of crops, and the yield is increased by 10%-30%, and the application can also advance the time of product marketing. The application amount of the fused ring polyphenol is kept at 0.6-1L per mu, the application can promote the growth of leaf vegetables, increase the plant height and the accumulation of dry matter above the ground, and has a significant yield-increasing effect on the leaf vegetables, and the application has a yield-increasing effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fertilizer technology, specifically to the application of polycyclic polyphenols in combination with fertilizers in the growth of leafy vegetables. Background Technology

[0002] Fused-ring polyphenols are based on carbon atom SP 2 A two-dimensional hydrated nanosolution with a hybrid, honeycomb-like lattice structure of multiple hexagonal arrangements. Compared to traditional humic acid molecules (which share some structural similarities), this molecule removes the easily degradable sugar and amino acid residues, replacing them with a bioactive fused-ring polyphenol backbone. Furthermore, its hydrophobic (SP2) two-dimensional sheet structure and hydrophilic (SP2) properties further enhance its hydration. 3 The presence of oxygen-containing functional groups (-OH, -COOH, -CH(O)CH-), high specific surface area effect, and small size effect of the monolayer result in excellent dispersibility of the structure in aqueous solution. Its surface SP... 3 -SP 2 The blended structure can optimize the soil aggregate structure, play a role in collecting water and retaining soil moisture, and save water resources. In particular, for crops planted in sandy soil, it can fully promote the water absorption capacity of plants and help them resist transpiration.

[0003] Currently, conventional fertilizers, including organic and inorganic fertilizers, are commonly used in agricultural production and play a crucial role. However, excessive use of fertilizers can cause soil pollution, which adversely affects soil ecosystems and water quality. Furthermore, rainwater runoff can wash unabsorbed fertilizers into water bodies, leading to eutrophication, algal blooms, and the deterioration of aquatic ecosystems.

[0004] There are no existing literature reports on the application of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the growth of leafy vegetables. Furthermore, in the cultivation of leafy vegetables, we have found that the absorption and utilization efficiency of conventional fertilizers is poor, failing to effectively improve plant growth, resulting in minimal yield increases, and even causing soil pollution. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides an application of a compound fertilizer in the growth of leafy vegetables, aiming to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned background art.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention mainly adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The application of polycyclic polyphenols (PCPs) in the growth of leafy vegetables can be carried out in two ways: PCPs and fertilizers can be applied separately, or PCPs and fertilizers can be mixed together to form a co-soluble fertilizer.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the application method, 0.6-1L of a 1% polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon solution is applied for every 30kg of fertilizer (or 20-50kg). Before application, the 1% polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon solution is diluted according to the set ratio.

[0009] Furthermore, when polycyclic polyphenols are applied separately from fertilizers, the application method includes the following steps:

[0010] (1) Prepare a diluted solution of fused-ring polyphenols;

[0011] (2) After the soil is treated with base fertilizer, the leafy vegetable seeds are directly sown for breeding, and transplanted when the seeds have 3-4 true leaves.

[0012] (3) Topdressing should be applied during the growth cycle of leafy vegetables, and multiple root irrigation treatments should be carried out using polycyclic polyphenol solution.

[0013] (4) Stop watering about 2-5 days before harvesting.

[0014] Furthermore, step (3) is carried out using the following method:

[0015] Three root drenching treatments are performed during the growth cycle, with an interval of 7-9 days between each treatment. Specifically, the first root drenching treatment with polycyclic polyphenol solution is performed 5-7 days after transplanting; the second root drenching treatment with polycyclic polyphenol solution is performed at the same time as regular topdressing when the plant is about 14-16 days old; and the third root drenching treatment with polycyclic polyphenol solution is performed when the plant is 22-25 days old or 10 days before harvest.

[0016] Preferably, 30 kg of fertilizer and 0.6-1 L of 1% polycyclic polyphenol solution are used per acre of soil, wherein the fertilizer includes base fertilizer and top dressing.

[0017] Optionally, when polycyclic polyphenols are mixed with fertilizers to form a co-soluble fertilizer, the application method includes the following steps:

[0018] (1) Prepare a diluted polycyclic polyphenol solution, and then add a matching amount of fertilizer to form a co-soluble fertilizer;

[0019] (2) After treating the soil with soluble fertilizer as a base fertilizer, the leafy vegetable seeds are directly sown for breeding, and transplanted when the seeds have 3-4 true leaves.

[0020] (3) Apply co-soluble fertilizer as top dressing and root irrigation during the growth cycle of leafy vegetables;

[0021] (4) Stop watering about 2-5 days before harvesting.

[0022] Furthermore, step 3 is carried out using the following method:

[0023] After the plant has 3-4 true leaves, apply the co-soluble fertilizer for the first root irrigation treatment; when the plant has grown for 12-15 days, apply the co-soluble fertilizer for the second root irrigation treatment.

[0024] Preferably, 30 kg of fertilizer and 0.6-1 L of 1% polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon solution are used per acre of soil.

[0025] In this invention, the leafy vegetables include, but are not limited to, bok choy.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The method of combining polycyclic polyphenols with fertilizers in this invention can promote the absorption and utilization rate of existing fertilizers (including inorganic fertilizers and organic fertilizers) by plants, resulting in a good fertilizer retention effect. Simultaneously, it can effectively optimize the soil's aggregate structure and properties, promoting root morphology and growth. Especially at certain concentration dilution ratios, it can promote crop yield increases of 10%-30%, while also allowing for earlier product market launch.

[0028] The application of polycyclic polyphenols in this invention is maintained at 0.6-1 L / mu, which can promote the growth of Chinese cabbage, increase plant height and the accumulation of aboveground dry matter, and has a significant effect on increasing the yield of Chinese cabbage, resulting in a high yield. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating the entire process of growing bok choy from land preparation, planting, seedling emergence, transplanting, to final harvest, as provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the effect of polycyclic polyphenols on soil EC and pH values ​​provided in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer utilization rates in different treatment groups in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a comparison chart of the fresh weight of each treatment group in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a comparison chart of the contents of silver nitrate, soluble sugar, and vitamin C in fresh leaves of each treatment group in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 The SPAD values ​​of bok choy leaves in each treatment group of Example 2 of this invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a comparison chart of the aboveground dry weight of each treatment group in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The following examples are used to further illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.

[0037] The volume-to-weight ratio of the polycyclic polyphenol to the fertilizer used in this invention is 0.6-1L:20-50KG. Among the functional groups of the polycyclic polyphenol, including hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, and epoxy groups, the number of hydroxyl functional groups is not less than 15% of the total number of functional groups. The average sheet size of the polycyclic polyphenol is 0.5-8µm, and the average number of layers is 1-3. The average carbon-to-oxygen ratio of the polycyclic polyphenol is 1.1-2.0. The fertilizer also includes any one or more of the following plant nutrients in a mixed fertilizer: nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, micronutrient fertilizers (such as Mg fertilizer, sulfur fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, manganese fertilizer, copper fertilizer, iron fertilizer, molybdenum fertilizer, etc.), amino acids (AA), humic acid, oligosaccharides, GABA, and various animal and plant-derived organic fertilizers (based on the national standard NY525 for organic fertilizers).

[0038] Fused-ring polyphenols can be obtained from natural sources or prepared using the following methods:

[0039] The raw material, flake graphite, was washed, dried, pulverized, and passed through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain finely sized flake graphite powder. The graphite powder was then ultrasonically dispersed in concentrated sulfuric acid to form a graphite-concentrated sulfuric acid dispersion with a mass concentration of 0.1 g / ml. This dispersion was treated with ultrasonic stirring at 120 W for 1.5 h. Next, potassium permanganate was finely ground and dissolved in concentrated phosphoric acid, with the dissolution temperature controlled between 40-60℃. The mixture was ultrasonically stirred until homogeneous. Octadecic acid was then added, and the mixture was ultrasonically treated for 0.5 h. After natural cooling to room temperature, the next step was performed.

[0040] The above-mentioned potassium permanganate-phosphoric acid viscous solution was added to the graphite-sulfuric acid suspension at a rate of 1-2 drops per second, while controlling the reaction system temperature below 40℃. After mixing, the mixture was ultrasonically stirred for 2 hours. Once the system became viscous, approximately 1 / 2 liter of concentrated phosphoric acid was added to dilute the system. The mixture was then added dropwise to water, while controlling the temperature below 70℃, and the reaction was completed in 5 minutes. After hydrolysis, the graphite suspension under acidic conditions was ultrasonically exfoliated. After ultrasonic stirring for 2 hours, the unexfoliated graphite was removed by centrifugation at 4000 r / min for 5 minutes. The supernatant was collected as the fused-ring polyphenol colloidal solution. An equal volume of 4% ammonium sulfate solution was added for salting out, followed by filtration. After washing with water and alcohol, the product was vacuum dried at 45℃ for 3 hours. The obtained product was designated as the sample fused-ring polyphenol.

[0041] The effectiveness of the present invention will be verified through two specific experimental examples below.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] This embodiment uses Chinese cabbage as the research object for the experiment.

[0044] 1. Materials and Methods

[0045] 1.1 Overview of the Experimental Site

[0046] The experiment was conducted in the experimental vegetable greenhouse of the Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (35°5'N, 118°015'E). Sowing began on December 1, 2020, and harvesting took place on February 17, 2021. The experimental plot area was 1m². 2 Each plot of bok choy was planted with 99 plants after transplanting, and the experiment was repeated three times. The soil pH was 8.1, the organic matter content was 1.84%, the nitrate nitrogen content was 17.2 mg / kg, the available phosphorus content was 33.4 mg / kg, and the available potassium content was 122 mg / kg.

[0047] 1.2 Experimental Crops

[0048] The bok choy variety is Shenrong Fast Vegetable (Qingdao Shenrong Agricultural Development Co., Ltd.)

[0049] 1.3 Test Materials

[0050] Polycyclic polyphenol solution type 1 (1% polycyclic polyphenol solution diluted 1000 times), polycyclic polyphenol solution type 2 (1% polycyclic polyphenol solution diluted 100 times), and Kingenta fertilizer (balanced, high-potassium compound fertilizer). Apply according to the above dilution method; the standard for both base fertilizer and topdressing is 30 kg / mu.

[0051] 1.4 Experimental Design and Measurement Items

[0052] The plot (6 rows, 6m*7m) adopted the basic three independent replicate experiment (1 row, 1m*3). The experimental treatments were control group, fertilizer, fertilizer + sample 1 type (denoted as X6), fertilizer + sample 2 type (denoted as XX), fertilizer reduced by 20% + sample 1 type (denoted as 80% fertilizer + X6), and fertilizer reduced by 50% + sample 1 type (denoted as 50% fertilizer + X6). The specific experimental design treatment table is shown in Table 1.

[0053] 1.5 Experimental Methods (The experimental method for group X6 is as follows; the differences between the experimental methods of other groups and group X6 are shown in Table 1)

[0054] (1) Prepare fused-ring polyphenol solution: Dilute 1% fused-ring polyphenol nano solution by 1000 times.

[0055] (2) After the soil is treated with base fertilizer, the leafy vegetable seeds are sown directly for breeding. When the true leaves are 3-4, they are transplanted. The base fertilizer is usually a commercially available ordinary fertilizer.

[0056] (3) Topdressing is applied during the leafy vegetable's growth cycle, and the polycyclic polyphenol solution from step (1) is used for three root irrigation treatments. Specifically, the interval between each root irrigation treatment is 7-9 days. Specifically, the first polycyclic polyphenol solution root irrigation treatment is carried out 5-7 days after transplanting; regular topdressing is carried out when the growth reaches about 14-16 days, and the second solution root irrigation treatment is carried out at the same time; the third solution root irrigation treatment is carried out when the growth cycle reaches 22-25 days or 10 days before harvest.

[0057] Apply 30 kg of base fertilizer and 0.6-1 L of 1% polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon solution per acre of soil.

[0058] (4) Stop watering about 2-5 days before harvesting.

[0059] At harvest, each plot was randomly selected to measure the plant height, maximum root length, aboveground dry weight, and root dry weight of the pak choi. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content in the pak choi samples was also measured to calculate the fertilizer absorption and utilization rate for each treatment. The remaining aboveground parts were harvested and their fresh weight was weighed to calculate basic data. After harvest, the soil pH and EC values ​​for each plot were recorded.

[0060] Table 1 Experimental Design Processing Table

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] 2. Results and Analysis

[0064] like Figure 1 The image shows the entire process of growing bok choy, from land preparation, planting, seedling emergence, transplanting, to final harvest.

[0065] 2.1 Effects of plant nano-promoters (i.e., polycyclic polyphenols) on soil EC value and pH value

[0066] Soil EC value (soluble ion concentration) reflects the amount of water-soluble salts in the soil; a high soil EC value indicates a high concentration of water-soluble salts. After spraying with polycyclic polyphenol solution X6 during the growth period of Chinese cabbage, the soil EC value was significantly higher than other treatments (P<0.05). Figure 2 The EC values ​​of treatments XX and 80%+X6 (80% fertilizer + X6 is abbreviated as 80%+X6, and 50% fertilizer + X6 is abbreviated as 50%+X6, the same below) were significantly higher than those of CK and 50%+X6 (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference compared with the fertilizer treatment (P>0.05). This indicates that polycyclic polyphenol solutions X6 and XX can promote the conversion of soil nutrient elements into water-soluble components, thereby increasing the nutrients that crops can absorb and utilize.

[0067] There was no significant difference in soil pH among all treatments (P>0.05), but fertilizer and application of polycyclic polyphenol solution tended to decrease soil pH. Figure 2 Down).

[0068] 2.2 Effects of plant nano-growth promoters on the growth of Chinese cabbage

[0069] Table 2 shows that there was no significant difference in plant height among the various treatments (P>0.05). The maximum root length in treatment XX was 11.5 cm, significantly higher than that in the fertilizer treatment (21.05%), and also higher than other treatments (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences among the other treatments. Treatment 80%+X6 had the highest average aboveground dry weight per plant (3.30 g), significantly higher than treatments CK and 50%+X6 (P<0.05), and also higher than treatments fertilizer, X6, and XX, but not significantly (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in root dry weight per plant among the treatments (P>0.05). This indicates that polycyclic polyphenol solutions X6 and XX can promote plant growth and increase dry weight, and even with a 20% reduction in fertilizer application, the aboveground dry weight of the pak choi was still higher than that of other treatments.

[0070] Table 2 Effects of plant nano-promoters on the growth of Chinese cabbage

[0071] CK 30.65±2.41a 9.0±0.50b 1.82±0.37b 0.117±0.027a fertilizer 37.43±5.20a 9.5±1.00b 2.44±0.22ab 0.163±0.017a X6 35.43±7.35a 9.5±1.00b 2.80±0.87ab 0.151±0.071a XX 37.89±9.75a 11.5±1.00a 2.63±0.49ab 0.167±0.058a 80% fertilizer + X6 31.07±5.59a 8.0±0.87b 3.30±0.83a 0.149±0.025a 50% fertilizer + X6 34.38±6.85a 9.0±1.80b 2.23±0.20b 0.144±0.009a

[0072] Note: Different lowercase letters after processing all data in the same column indicate significant differences (LSDP<0.05), and the same applies below.

[0073] 2.3 Effects of plant nano-promoters on fertilizer absorption and utilization rate of pak choi

[0074] As shown in Table 3, the nitrogen content in the plant samples treated with fertilizer was the highest, at 3.90%, which was not significantly different from treatments X6, XX, and 80%+X6 (P>0.05), but all these treatments were significantly higher than treatments CK and 50%+X6 (P<0.05). The phosphorus content in the plant samples treated with XX was the highest, significantly higher than the fertilizer treatment and 50%+X6 (P<0.05; approximately 30.83% and 31.49%, respectively), but not significantly different from treatments CK, X6, and 80%+X6 (P>0.05). The potassium content in the plant samples treated with X6 was the highest, significantly higher than the fertilizer treatment and 50%+X6 (P<0.05; approximately 46.51% and 38.68%, respectively), but not significantly different from treatments CK, XX, and 80%+X6 (P>0.05). The results indicate that, under fertilization conditions, polycyclic polyphenol solutions X6 and XX had no significant effect on nitrogen absorption by leafy vegetables, but significantly promoted the absorption of phosphorus and potassium by leafy vegetables.

[0075] Table 3. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content in plant samples from different treatments

[0076] CK 2.92±0.23b 0.685±0.026ab 6.51±0.45ab fertilizer 3.90±0.17a 0.600±0.041b 5.31±0.64b X6 3.81±0.33a 0.780±0.l06a 7.78±0.94a XX 3.78±0.20a 0.785±0.005a 6.88±1.00ab 80％+X6 3.63±0.17a 0.705±0.064ab 6.69±1.35ab 50％+X6 3.01±0.38b 0.597±0.070b 5.61±0.65b

[0077] Figure 3 The fertilizer uptake and utilization rates for each treatment are shown. Nitrogen fertilizer utilization rates in treatments X6, XX, and 80%+X6 were higher than those in the standard treatments, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate in treatment 80%+X6 was significantly higher than that in treatment 50%+X6 (P<0.05). Phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate in treatment 80%+X6 was significantly higher than that in the standard treatments and 50%+X6 (P<0.05), and higher than treatments X6 and XX, but the effect was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Potassium fertilizer utilization rates in treatments X6 and 80%+X6 were significantly higher than those in the standard treatments and 50%+X6 (P<0.05), and higher than that in treatment XX. These results indicate that polyphenol solutions X6 and XX promoted nitrogen uptake by plants, but the effect was not significant; however, they significantly promoted phosphorus and potassium uptake, and even with a 20% reduction in fertilizer application, the utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers were higher in these treatments than in other treatments.

[0078] 2.4 Effects of plant nano-promoters on the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage

[0079] The fresh weight of bok choy treated with X6 and XX was significantly greater than that treated with CK, fertilizer, and 50%+X6 (P<0.05), with increases of 51.35% (X6 / CK, X6 compared to CK, the same below); 26.22% (X6 / fertilizer); 73.13% (X6 / 50%+X6); 87.14% (XX / CK); 56.07% (XX / fertilizer); and 114.06% (XX / 50%+X6), respectively. Figure 4 The highest fresh weight of bok choy was observed in treatment XX, reaching 8093.7 g, which was higher than treatments X6 and 80%+X6, but not statistically significant (P>0.05). This result indicates that polycyclic polyphenol solutions X6 and XX can increase yield and promote crop growth in the plot.

[0080] like Figure 5 As shown, the soluble sugar content in the leaves of treatments X6 and XX increased significantly, by 178.45% and 155.25% respectively compared to the fertilizer group; the vitamin C content in the leaves of pakchoi treated with XX increased by 32.57% compared to the fertilizer group; while there was no significant difference in nitrate content in the leaves of pakchoi among the treatments. These results indicate that the polyphenol solutions X6 and XX have a significant effect on the soluble sugar and vitamin C content of pakchoi, but little effect on the nitrate content. This is consistent with the way X6 and XX regulate nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium absorption in pakchoi. They play a crucial role in regulating plant sugars, phosphorus-containing enzyme composition, protein synthesis, and lipid metabolism, thereby increasing yield and improving product quality.

[0081] Example 2

[0082] This embodiment uses bok choy as the research object for the experiment.

[0083] 1. Materials and Methods

[0084] 1.1 Overview of the Experimental Site

[0085] The experiment was conducted in the experimental vegetable greenhouse of the Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (35°5'N, 118°15'E). Sowing began on June 10, 2021, and harvesting took place on July 16, 2021. The experimental plot area was 1 m². 2 Each plot of bok choy was planted with 91 plants after transplanting, and the experiment was repeated three times. The soil pH was 8.1, the organic matter content was 1.84%, the nitrate nitrogen content was 17.2 mg / kg, the available phosphorus content was 33.4 mg / kg, and the available potassium content was 122 mg / kg.

[0086] 1.2 Experimental Crops

[0087] The bok choy variety is Shenrong Fast Vegetable (Qingdao Shenrong Agricultural Development Co., Ltd.)

[0088] 1.3 Test Materials

[0089] Polycyclic polyphenol solution type 1 (1% polycyclic polyphenol solution diluted 1000 times), denoted as X6; Kingenta Fertilizer (balanced type, high potassium type compound fertilizer; base fertilizer + topdressing standard); base fertilizer and topdressing are applied according to different compounding methods.

[0090] 1.4 Experimental Design

[0091] The basic three-repeated independent experiment was conducted in the plot (6 rows, 1m*7m) (1 row, 2m*3). The experiment used fertilizer (control group), fertilizer + X6 (applied separately), and compound fertilizer (i.e., co-soluble fertilizer, the amount per mu is fertilizer:X6=30kg:1.5L; fertilizer:X6=30kg:1.0L; fertilizer:X6=30kg:0.6L; fertilizer:X6=30kg:0.2L). That is, 30kg of fertilizer and 1.5L, 1.0L, 0.6L and 0.2L of 1% polycyclic polyphenol solution were used per mu.

[0092] The experimental design is as follows:

[0093]

[0094] Application method:

[0095] The fertilizer was applied at a rate of 315g per ridge. Treatment T1 was 10.50ml, and T2-T5 were 15.75ml, 10.50ml, 6.30ml, and 2.10ml, respectively. The compounding method involved adding the polycyclic polyphenol solution to the fertilizer and mixing it thoroughly (for treatments with a solution volume of less than 15.75ml, water was added to bring the volume up to 15.75ml).

[0096] 1.5 Planting methods (among which, T2-5 adopted the following experimental methods, the CK group only used traditional compound fertilizer as base fertilizer and top dressing, the T1 group used traditional compound fertilizer as base fertilizer and X6 top dressing treatment)

[0097] (1) Prepare a diluted polycyclic polyphenol solution, and then add a matching amount of fertilizer to form a co-soluble fertilizer;

[0098] (2) After treating the soil with soluble fertilizer as a base fertilizer, the leafy vegetable seeds are directly sown for breeding, and transplanted when the seeds have 3-4 true leaves.

[0099] (3) Apply fertilizer and irrigate the roots with co-soluble fertilizer during the growth cycle of leafy vegetables. Specifically, apply co-soluble fertilizer for the first irrigation treatment after the leaves have 3-4 true leaves (about 5-7 days), and apply co-soluble fertilizer for the second irrigation treatment after the leaves have grown for 12-15 days.

[0100] (4) Stop watering about 2-5 days before harvesting.

[0101] 2. Results and Analysis

[0102] 2.1 Effects of different treatments of polycyclic polyphenols on the SPAD value of pakchoi leaves

[0103] Depend on Figure 6 It is evident that the SPAD values ​​of leaves in treatments T3 and T4 were higher than those in the control (CK) treatment, while those in treatments T1, T2, and T5 were lower than those in the CK treatment. This result indicates that excessive, insufficient, or inappropriate application of polycyclic polyphenols (PCPs) is detrimental to chlorophyll synthesis in leaves and thus negatively impacts the growth of Chinese cabbage. The effect is better when PCP solution is mixed with fertilizer, with an optimal application rate of 0.6 L / acre.

[0104] 2.2 Effects of different treatments of polycyclic polyphenols on the aboveground dry weight of Chinese cabbage plants

[0105] Depend on Figure 7 It is evident that the aboveground dry weight of all treatments treated with polycyclic polyphenols was greater than that of the control (CK). Treatment T3 had the highest aboveground dry weight at 20.78 g, followed by T4 at 19.16 g. These results indicate that polycyclic polyphenols can promote the growth of Chinese cabbage, increase aboveground dry matter accumulation, and increase yield. They are suitable for compound application at a rate of 0.6-1 L per acre.

[0106] 2.3 Effects of different treatments of polycyclic polyphenols on plant height and plot yield of Chinese cabbage

[0107] As shown in Table 4, the plant height and plot yield of pakchoi treated with all polycyclic polyphenols were higher than those of the control (CK). However, the plant height and plot yield of treatment T2, which had the highest concentration of polycyclic polyphenols in the compound application method, were lower than those of the spray treatment T1. Under the compound application method, plant height and plot yield initially increased and then decreased with increasing application rate, and correspondingly, the yield increase rate of the plot compared to the CK also initially increased and then decreased. The results indicate that polycyclic polyphenols can promote the growth of pakchoi, increase its fresh weight, and are suitable for compound application, with the optimal application rate being 0.6 L per acre.

[0108] Table 4 Yields and yield increase effects of different treatment plots

[0109] CK 15.63 1825.5 --- Tl 22.75 2484.0 36.07 T2-l.5 18.50 2248.0 23.14 T3-1 24.00 4045.0 121.58 T4-0.6 27.25 5764.0 215.75 T5-0.2 24.50 4071.0 123.01

[0110] Note: The result is the average of two replicates.

[0111] Example 1 is an experiment demonstrating the separate use of polycyclic polyphenols (POPs) and fertilizers. Example 2 is an experiment demonstrating the use of POPs and fertilizers in different compounding methods. Through the synergistic transport effect of nanocarriers, POP molecules can enter the plant root environment more efficiently and bind to specific functional sites, effectively promoting plant growth and development. Combining POPs with different fertilizers in certain proportions can enhance the absorption and utilization efficiency of fertilizers by plants, promote the rapid accumulation of organic matter per unit area per unit time, thereby improving the fertilizer-saving and yield-increasing effects of plants.

[0112] The results showed that, under both methods, polycyclic polyphenols and fertilizers can be used together, with the application rate maintained at 0.6-1 L / mu. This can promote the growth of leafy vegetables, increase plant height and the accumulation of above-ground dry matter, and has a significant effect on increasing the yield of leafy vegetables. It is also beneficial to improve the absorption and utilization rate of existing fertilizers (including inorganic fertilizers and organic fertilizers) by crops, thus achieving a high yield effect.

[0113] In summary, this invention utilizes polycyclic polyphenols to improve soil aggregate structure and properties, promoting fertilizer absorption and utilization by leafy vegetables, enhancing their vegetative growth, optimizing the regulation and distribution of photosynthetic products, and accelerating the production of organic matter, thus significantly increasing yield. Secondly, by applying a blended structure of polycyclic polyphenols and timely irrigation after transplanting leafy vegetables, the water absorption and retention capacity of seedlings can be improved, enhancing transpiration resistance and increasing survival rate, thus solving the problem of water conservation in arid hilly areas. Furthermore, the fertilizer-reducing and yield-increasing properties of polycyclic polyphenols can significantly reduce fertilizer costs per acre, decrease labor costs, and increase farmers' income. This is particularly valuable for alleviating soil acidification and salinization problems in current agricultural planting.

[0114] The above description, in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. The application of polycyclic polyphenols in combination with fertilizers in the growth of leafy vegetables, characterized by: The leafy vegetables mentioned include, but are not limited to, bok choy; polycyclic polyphenols promote the growth of bok choy, increase plant height and the accumulation of above-ground dry matter; and promote the absorption of phosphorus and potassium by leafy vegetables. Application methods include applying polycyclic polyphenols separately from fertilizers, and mixing polycyclic polyphenols with fertilizers to form co-soluble fertilizers; Among the functional groups of fused-ring polyphenols, including hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, and epoxy groups, the number of hydroxyl functional groups is not less than 15% of the total number of functional groups. The average sheet size of fused-ring polyphenols is 0.5-8 μm, the average number of layers is 1-3, and the average carbon-to-oxygen ratio is 1.1-2.

0. In the application method, 0.6-1L of a 1% polycyclic polyphenol solution is applied for every 30kg of fertilizer. Before application, the 1% polycyclic polyphenol solution is diluted according to the set ratio. When polycyclic polyphenols are applied separately from fertilizers, the application method includes the following steps: (1) Prepare a diluted solution of fused-ring polyphenols; (2) After the soil is treated with base fertilizer, the leafy vegetable seeds are directly sown for breeding, and transplanted when the seeds have 3-4 true leaves. (3) Topdressing should be applied during the growth cycle of leafy vegetables, and multiple root irrigation treatments should be carried out using polycyclic polyphenol solution. (4) Stop watering 2-5 days before harvesting; Step (3) is carried out using the following method: Three root drenching treatments are performed during the growth cycle, with an interval of 7-9 days between each treatment. Specifically, the first root drenching treatment with polycyclic polyphenol solution is performed 5-7 days after transplanting; the second root drenching treatment with polycyclic polyphenol solution is performed at the same time as regular topdressing when the plant reaches 14-16 days of growth; and the third root drenching treatment with polycyclic polyphenol solution is performed when the plant reaches 22-25 days of growth or 10 days before harvest.

2. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that, Use 30 kg of fertilizer and 0.6-1 L of 1% polycyclic polyphenol solution per acre of soil. The fertilizer includes base fertilizer and top dressing.

3. The application according to claim 1, characterized in that: When polycyclic polyphenols are mixed with fertilizers to form a co-soluble fertilizer, the application method includes the following steps: (1) Prepare a diluted polycyclic polyphenol solution, and then add a matching amount of fertilizer to form a co-soluble fertilizer; (2) After treating the soil with soluble fertilizer as a base fertilizer, the leafy vegetable seeds are directly sown for breeding, and transplanted when the seeds have 3-4 true leaves. (3) Apply co-soluble fertilizer as top dressing and root irrigation during the growth cycle of leafy vegetables; (4) Stop watering 2-5 days before harvesting.

4. The application according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step 3 is performed using the following method: After the plant has 3-4 true leaves, apply the co-soluble fertilizer for the first root irrigation treatment. When the plant has grown for 12-15 days, apply the co-soluble fertilizer for the second root irrigation treatment.

5. The application according to claim 4, characterized in that, Apply 30 kg of fertilizer and 0.6-1 L of 1% polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon solution per acre of soil.

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