Quantum computing measurement and control system and control method thereof, quantum computer

Abstract

The application provides a quantum computing measurement and control system and a control method thereof and a quantum computer. The method comprises: determining a trigger period of an intermediate frequency signal and frequencies of multiple microwave signals, so that the ratio of the trigger period to the period of any one microwave signal is a positive integer; based on the trigger period, triggering a waveform output module to output multiple intermediate frequency signals, so that a signal processing module mixes the multiple intermediate frequency signals with the multiple microwave signals to generate multiple phase-coherent quantum bit driving signals; wherein each quantum bit driving signal corresponds to at least one intermediate frequency signal and at least one microwave signal. The application ensures that the trigger period of the intermediate frequency signal is a positive integer multiple of the period of each microwave signal. As long as the multiple microwave signals maintain phase coherence, phase-coherent multiple quantum bit driving signals can be obtained through mixing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of quantum computing measurement and control systems, and in particular to quantum computing measurement and control systems and their control methods, and quantum computers. Background Technology

[0002] Quantum chips integrate multiple qubits. To ensure the normal operation of these qubits, a dedicated quantum computing control system is needed to provide various driving signals for each qubit, such as the qubit driving signal that drives the quantum information of the qubit. This qubit driving signal is generated, for example, by mixing microwave signals and intermediate frequency signals using a mixer. With technological advancements, the number of qubits on quantum chips has increased to hundreds or even more, correspondingly increasing the number of qubit driving signals and microwave sources. Furthermore, because the frequencies of the qubits differ, the applied qubit driving signals also differ. When multiple microwave sources output microwave signals of different frequencies to generate qubit driving signals of different frequencies, the phase difference between the output microwave signals constantly changes, making it difficult to achieve phase coherence between the multiple qubit driving signals.

[0003] The driving signal for qubits is determined by both intermediate frequency (IF) and microwave signals. However, related technologies only consider the influence of microwave signals when determining the triggering time of the IF signal, which limits the performance of quantum computing measurement and control systems.

[0004] Based on this, this application provides a control method for a quantum computing measurement and control system, a quantum control subsystem, a quantum computing measurement and control system, and a quantum computer to improve related technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a control method, a quantum control subsystem, a quantum computing measurement and control system, and a quantum computer for a quantum computing measurement and control system, thereby improving the phase coherence between the multi-qubit driving signals output by the quantum computing measurement and control system.

[0006] The objective of this application is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a control method for a quantum computing measurement and control system, applied to the control module of the quantum computing measurement and control system, wherein the quantum computing measurement and control system further includes a waveform output module and a signal processing module, and the method includes:

[0008] Determine the trigger period of the intermediate frequency signal and the frequency of the multiple microwave signals, such that the ratio of the trigger period to the period of any microwave signal is a positive integer.

[0009] Based on the triggering period, the waveform output module is triggered to output multiple intermediate frequency signals, so that the signal processing module mixes the multiple intermediate frequency signals with multiple microwave signals to generate multiple phase-coherent quantum bit driving signals; the quantum bit driving signals are used to control the quantum information of the quantum bits on the quantum chip;

[0010] Each quantum bit driving signal corresponds to at least one intermediate frequency signal and at least one microwave signal.

[0011] In some embodiments, the trigger period of the intermediate frequency signal and the period of the microwave signal satisfy the following conditions:

[0012]

[0013] Where ΔT is the trigger period of the intermediate frequency signal, i is the sequence number of the microwave signal, and T i Let N be the period of the i-th microwave signal, and let i and N be the period of the signal. i It is a positive integer.

[0014] In some embodiments, triggering the waveform output module to output multiple intermediate frequency signals based on the trigger period includes:

[0015] The phase coherence time is determined based on the frequency or phase of the multiple microwave signals; the phase difference of the multiple microwave signals at the phase coherence time is matched with the phase difference of the multiple microwave signals at the specified time.

[0016] Based on the phase coherence time and the triggering period, at least two triggering times are determined such that the ratio of the interval between any two adjacent triggering times to the triggering period is a positive integer.

[0017] A trigger signal is sent to the waveform output module at the trigger time so that the waveform output module outputs multiple intermediate frequency signals.

[0018] In some embodiments, the triggering time satisfies the following conditions:

[0019] T j =T0+K j ΔT;

[0020] Where T0 is the phase coherence time, j is the sequence number of the trigger time, and T j Let j be the j-th trigger time, where j is a positive integer and K is the trigger time. j It is a non-negative integer.

[0021] In some embodiments, the frequencies of the multiple microwave signals satisfy the following conditions:

[0022] The frequencies of multiple microwave signals are arranged in ascending order, and the ratio of the frequency difference between any two adjacent microwave signals to the preset frequency change is a positive integer.

[0023] The preset frequency change is the reciprocal of the trigger period.

[0024] In some embodiments, the frequency difference between any two adjacent microwave signals is equal to the preset frequency change.

[0025] Secondly, this application provides a quantum computing measurement and control system, which includes a control module, a waveform output module, and a signal processing module;

[0026] The control module is used to determine the trigger period of the intermediate frequency signal and the frequency of the multiple microwave signals, such that the ratio of the trigger period to the period of any microwave signal is a positive integer; and, based on the trigger period, to trigger the waveform output module.

[0027] The waveform output module is used to output multiple intermediate frequency signals after being triggered by the control module;

[0028] The signal processing module is used to mix multiple intermediate frequency signals and multiple microwave signals to generate multiple phase-coherent quantum bit driving signals; the quantum bit driving signals are used to control the quantum information of the quantum bits on the quantum chip.

[0029] Each quantum bit driving signal corresponds to at least one intermediate frequency signal and at least one microwave signal.

[0030] In some embodiments, the quantum computing measurement and control system further includes at least one microwave source module, each microwave source module being used to provide one or more microwave signals.

[0031] In some embodiments, the signal processing module uses an IQ mixing method or a double frequency conversion method to mix multiple intermediate frequency signals with multiple microwave signals.

[0032] In some embodiments, each qubit drive signal is used to drive one or more qubits on a quantum chip.

[0033] Thirdly, this application provides a quantum computer, which includes a quantum chip and any of the above-mentioned quantum computing measurement and control systems, wherein the quantum chip is provided with a plurality of qubits.

[0034] The quantum computing measurement and control system and its control method, as well as the quantum computer provided in this application, ensure that the ratio of the trigger period to the period of each microwave signal is a positive integer by configuring the trigger period of the intermediate frequency (IF) signal and the frequency of multiple microwave signals. Based on this trigger period, the trigger waveform output module outputs multiple IF signals. The signal processing module mixes the multiple IF signals with the multiple microwave signals to generate multiple qubit driving signals with high phase coherence. Since the IF signals are synchronously triggered and the trigger period is a positive integer multiple multiple of the period of each microwave signal, as long as the multiple microwave signals maintain phase coherence, phase-coherent multiple qubit driving signals can be obtained by mixing, thereby improving the phase coherence between the multiple qubit driving signals. This facilitates precise quantum state control of the corresponding qubits, thus improving the accuracy and stability of quantum computing. This application treats the quantum computing measurement and control system as a whole, considering the IF signal and microwave signal holistically to improve the performance of the quantum computing measurement and control system. Attached Figure Description

[0035] This application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a quantum computer provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a control method for a quantum computing measurement and control system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a trigger waveform output module that outputs multiple intermediate frequency signals according to an embodiment of this application.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram of a computer device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0041] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0042] Quantum chips integrate multiple qubits. To ensure the normal operation of these qubits, a dedicated quantum computing control system is needed to provide various driving signals for each qubit, such as the qubit driving signal that drives the quantum information of the qubit. This qubit driving signal is generated, for example, by mixing microwave signals and intermediate frequency signals using a mixer. With technological advancements, the number of qubits on quantum chips has increased to hundreds or even more, correspondingly increasing the number of qubit driving signals and microwave sources. Furthermore, because the frequencies of the qubits differ, the applied qubit driving signals also differ. When multiple microwave sources output microwave signals of different frequencies to generate qubit driving signals of different frequencies, the phase difference between the output microwave signals constantly changes, making it difficult to achieve phase coherence between the multiple qubit driving signals.

[0043] To address these issues, patent CN116090565A discloses a "Generating Device, Generating Method, and Quantum Computer for Quantum Bit Driving Signals." In this method, a control module determines the phase coherence time based on the frequency or phase of two microwave signals and triggers a waveform output module to output an intermediate frequency signal at that time. However, the quantum bit driving signal is determined by both the intermediate frequency signal and the microwave signal. The above solution directly uses the corresponding phase coherence time of the microwave signal as the trigger time, considering only the influence of the microwave signal when determining the trigger time, thus limiting the performance of the quantum computing measurement and control system.

[0044] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a quantum computer provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a control method for a quantum computing measurement and control system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0045] To improve related technologies, this application provides a control method for a quantum computing measurement and control system, applied to the control module of the quantum computing measurement and control system. The quantum computing measurement and control system further includes a waveform output module and a signal processing module. The method includes steps S101 to S102.

[0046] Step S101: Determine the trigger period of the intermediate frequency signal and the frequency of the multiple microwave signals, such that the ratio of the trigger period to the period of any microwave signal is a positive integer.

[0047] Step S102: Based on the triggering period, the waveform output module is triggered to output multiple intermediate frequency signals, so that the signal processing module mixes the multiple intermediate frequency signals with multiple microwave signals to generate multiple phase-coherent quantum bit driving signals; the quantum bit driving signals are used to control the quantum information of the quantum bits on the quantum chip.

[0048] Each quantum bit driving signal corresponds to at least one intermediate frequency signal and at least one microwave signal.

[0049] Quantum computing is a new type of computing that uses qubits (also known as quantum bits) to perform information processing and storage, and to run quantum algorithms. A quantum computing measurement and control system is the peripheral control system for quantum computing. A quantum state is the state of a quantum system; quantum information is information represented by quantum states.

[0050] In a quantum computing measurement and control system, the control module is responsible for controlling the generation of intermediate frequency (IF) signals. For example, it can generate trigger signals, which then trigger the waveform output module to generate IF signals. The control module can, for example, employ a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The waveform output module generates IF signals with specific waveforms, which are used to drive the qubits on the quantum chip. The signal processing module processes the input signals, such as performing mixing operations to generate qubit driving signals. Mixing is the process of combining two or more signals of different frequencies into a new signal. In signal processing, IF signals are low-frequency signals, with a frequency range, for example, 300 kHz to 3000 kHz. Microwave signals, as high-frequency signals, are high-frequency signals, with a frequency range, for example, 300 MHz to 300 GHz. Since frequency is inversely proportional to period, the period of a microwave signal is the reciprocal of its frequency. The qubit driving signal is specifically designed to manipulate the quantum state of the qubit. By precisely controlling the phase and frequency of the qubit driving signal, the quantum state of the qubit can be precisely controlled.

[0051] In some embodiments, the quantum computing measurement and control system may further include a microwave source module for outputting multiple microwave signals with different frequencies. The number of microwave source modules may be one or more. As an example, the number of microwave source modules is two, and the microwave source modules in the quantum computing measurement and control system include a first microwave source module and a second microwave source module, with the frequency range of the first microwave source module being lower than the frequency range of the second microwave source module. The frequency range of the microwave signal output by the first microwave source module is, for example, 5.0 GHz to 5.2 GHz, and the frequency range of the microwave signal output by the second microwave source module is, for example, 6.0 GHz to 6.2 GHz.

[0052] In some embodiments, determining the trigger period of the intermediate frequency (IF) signal and the frequencies of the multiple microwave signals (i.e., step S101) may include: determining the frequencies of the multiple microwave signals based on the trigger period of the IF signal. In other embodiments, determining the trigger period of the IF signal and the frequencies of the multiple microwave signals (i.e., step S101) may include: determining the trigger period of the IF signal based on the frequencies of the multiple microwave signals. That is, the trigger period of the IF signal can be determined first, and then the frequencies of the multiple microwave signals can be determined based on the trigger period; alternatively, the frequencies of the multiple microwave signals can be determined first, and then the trigger period of the IF signal can be determined based on the frequencies of the multiple microwave signals.

[0053] In some embodiments, the signal processing module mixes two intermediate frequency signals and one microwave signal to output a quantum bit drive signal. In other embodiments, the signal processing module mixes one intermediate frequency signal and two microwave signals to output a quantum bit drive signal; in this case, the two microwave signals may come from the same or different microwave source modules.

[0054] This application treats the quantum computing measurement and control system as a whole, considering both intermediate frequency (IF) signals and microwave signals holistically to improve the system's performance. In the above embodiments, by configuring the trigger period of the IF signal and the frequencies of the multiple microwave signals, the ratio of the trigger period to the periods of the multiple microwave signals is ensured to be a positive integer, thereby achieving precise phase control and outputting highly coherent quantum bit drive signals. Specifically, the control module first determines the trigger period of the IF signal based on the different frequencies of the multiple microwave signals, or conversely, determines the different frequencies of the multiple microwave signals based on the trigger period of the IF signal. This step ensures that the selected trigger period is a positive integer ratio to the period of each microwave signal, meaning that at the end of a trigger period, each microwave signal will have completed exactly a positive integer number of cycles. Based on this trigger period, the waveform output module is triggered to output multiple IF signals. Subsequently, the signal processing module mixes the multiple IF signals with the multiple microwave signals to generate highly phase-coherent multi-qubit drive signals. Since the intermediate frequency (IF) signal is synchronously triggered, and its trigger period is a positive integer multiple of the period of each microwave signal, as long as the multiple microwave signals maintain phase coherence, phase-coherent multi-qubit driving signals can be obtained through mixing. This allows for precise quantum state control of the corresponding qubits, thereby improving the accuracy and stability of quantum computing. By ensuring that the trigger period of the IF signal and the period of the microwave signal are positive integer multiples, high phase coherence between the qubit driving signals generated in each trigger can be achieved. This phase coherence ensures the precision of qubit operation, thereby reducing the error rate in the quantum computing process. Furthermore, the above embodiments also improve the overall performance of the quantum computing measurement and control system, making it more suitable for the quantum computing needs of high-qubit-count quantum computers.

[0055] In some embodiments, the triggering period of the intermediate frequency signal and the period of the microwave signal may satisfy the following conditions:

[0056]

[0057] Where ΔT is the trigger period of the intermediate frequency signal, i is the sequence number of the microwave signal, and T i Let N be the period of the i-th microwave signal, and let i and N be the period of the signal. i It is a positive integer.

[0058] In a quantum computing measurement and control system, multiple microwave signals can exist, each with a unique serial number to distinguish them. Here, 'i' can range from 1 to M, where M is the number of microwave signals and is a positive integer. The period T of the i-th microwave signal... i The frequency f of the microwave signal i The reciprocal of T iFor example, it can be expressed in units of time, such as nanoseconds (ns) or microseconds (μs). i Is with T i The corresponding positive integers represent the trigger period ΔT of the intermediate frequency signal and the period T of the i-th microwave signal. i The ratio. This ratio must be a positive integer to ensure that the complete microwave signal cycle is repeated exactly each time the intermediate frequency signal is triggered, thereby achieving phase coherence of the quantum bit driving signal.

[0059] The above embodiments precisely control the trigger period of the intermediate frequency (IF) signal and the frequency of the microwave signal, ensuring that the trigger period of the IF signal is a positive integer multiple of the period of each microwave signal. In this way, whenever the IF signal is triggered, the microwave signal mixed with it will complete an integer number of cycles, thereby achieving phase coherence between the generated qubit driving signals. This phase coherence mechanism is achieved by the control module precisely calculating and setting the trigger period and the frequency of the microwave signal, ensuring that each output IF signal can effectively support precise mixing operations and phase control, enhancing the phase coherence of the quantum computing measurement and control system, and thus significantly improving the operational accuracy and reliability of quantum computing. Furthermore, by ensuring that each trigger generates a phase-coherent qubit driving signal, the qubit driving effect and the efficiency of quantum computing are improved.

[0060] In related technologies, it is difficult to achieve sustained phase coherence between multiple qubit driving signals, due to reasons including the loss of phase coherence between microwave signals. To achieve phase coherence between the generated multiple qubit driving signals, it is necessary to ensure the phase coherence of the multiple microwave signals mixed with the intermediate frequency signal.

[0061] See Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a trigger waveform output module that outputs multiple intermediate frequency signals according to an embodiment of this application.

[0062] In some embodiments, triggering the waveform output module to output multiple intermediate frequency signals based on the triggering period (i.e., step S102) may include steps S201 to S203.

[0063] Step S201: Determine the phase coherence time based on the frequency or phase of the multiple microwave signals; the phase difference of the multiple microwave signals at the phase coherence time matches the phase difference of the multiple microwave signals at the specified time.

[0064] Step S202: Based on the phase coherence time and the triggering period, determine at least two triggering times such that the ratio of the interval between any two adjacent triggering times to the triggering period is a positive integer.

[0065] Step S203: Send a trigger signal to the waveform output module at the trigger time so that the waveform output module outputs multiple intermediate frequency signals.

[0066] For example, a quantum computing measurement and control system outputs multiple microwave signals of different frequencies through a microwave source module. A control module connected to the microwave source module obtains the frequencies or phases of these multiple microwave signals, and then determines a phase coherence moment when the phase differences of the multiple microwave signals match a specified time. This specified time can be, for example, a specified initial time, or a pre-set time. Matching the phase differences of the multiple microwave signals at the phase coherence moment with the phase differences of the multiple microwave signals at the specified time can be understood as follows: if the phase difference between any two microwave signals at the phase coherence moment is exactly the same as the phase difference between these two microwave signals at the specified time, or if the differences are both within a specified range, then the phases of the multiple microwave signals at this moment (i.e., the phase coherence moment) are considered coherent. Based on this phase coherence moment and the trigger period, at least two trigger times are determined, and trigger signals are output to the waveform output module at these trigger times.

[0067] In some embodiments, the triggering time may satisfy the following conditions:

[0068] T j =T0+K j ΔT;

[0069] Where T0 is the phase coherence time, j is the sequence number of the trigger time, and T j Let j be the j-th trigger time, where j is a positive integer and K is the trigger time. j It is a non-negative integer.

[0070] For example, assuming there is a phase coherence moment denoted as T0, then the triggering moment can be determined as T. j =T0+K j ΔT, K j The trigger times can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc., and this application does not impose any limitation on this. When there are multiple trigger times, the interval between any two adjacent trigger times can be a positive integer multiple of the trigger period, and the trigger interval between two adjacent trigger times can be fixed or non-fixed. As an example, the trigger times are T0, T0+ΔT, T0+2ΔT, T0+3ΔT, ..., in which case the trigger interval between two adjacent trigger times is fixed, i.e., ΔT. As another example, the trigger times are T0, T0+ΔT, T0+3ΔT, T0+4ΔT, T0+7ΔT, ..., in which case the trigger interval between two adjacent trigger times is non-fixed, but is always a positive integer multiple of the trigger period.

[0071] When the waveform output module receives a trigger signal, it outputs multiple intermediate frequency (IF) signals to the signal processing module. The signal processing module performs mixing processing on the currently received multiple IF signals and multiple microwave signals. Since the phases of the current multiple microwave signals are coherent, the phases of the multiple qubit driving signals output by the signal processing module are also coherent. Furthermore, because the quantum information of a qubit is a probability distribution, the driving of the qubit needs to be repeated many times. Therefore, the above embodiment can also improve the computational accuracy of the quantum chip.

[0072] The above embodiments determine the trigger time based on the phase coherence time and the trigger period to ensure that the phases of the multiple microwave signals are coherent within the trigger time. This is because each microwave signal undergoes a positive integer number of complete cycles within the trigger period, thereby achieving continuous phase coherence between the multiple qubit driving signals. Specifically, the control module first determines a phase coherence time by receiving the frequency or phase of the multiple microwave signals from the microwave source module; that is, the phase difference of these microwave signals matches a specified time at the phase coherence time. Based on this phase coherence time, the control module then calculates and determines at least two trigger times to ensure that the phase difference between the multiple microwave signals remains unchanged each time an intermediate frequency signal is generated. When the waveform output module receives the trigger signal, it outputs multiple intermediate frequency signals to the signal processing module. The latter mixes these intermediate frequency signals with the phase-coherent multiple microwave signals to generate phase-coherent qubit driving signals, enabling the quantum computing measurement and control system to output phase-coherent multiple qubit driving signals, significantly improving the accuracy of quantum computing and the operational efficiency of qubits. Triggering strategies that ensure phase coherence (of microwave signals and qubit driving signals) allow qubits to maintain the same phase conditions in multiple operations, which is beneficial for executing complex quantum algorithms and improving the stability and reliability of quantum computers.

[0073] In some embodiments, the frequencies of the multiple microwave signals can satisfy the following conditions: the frequencies of the multiple microwave signals are arranged in ascending order, and the ratio of the frequency difference between any two adjacent microwave signals to a preset frequency change is a positive integer; wherein, the preset frequency change is the reciprocal of the trigger period.

[0074] The frequency difference between any two adjacent microwave signals is a positive integer multiple of the preset frequency change, such as one or more times. As an example, assuming a trigger period of 500ns, the reciprocal of the trigger period is 2MHz, and the preset frequency change is 2MHz. The frequencies of the multiple microwave signals are arranged in ascending order, for example, 6002MHz, 6004MHz, and 6008MHz.

[0075] In some embodiments, the frequency difference between any two adjacent microwave signals can be equal to the preset frequency change.

[0076] As an example, assuming the preset frequency variation is 2MHz, the frequencies of multiple microwave signals are arranged in ascending order, such as 6000MHz, 6002MHz, 6004MHz, and 6006MHz. If more microwave signals are needed, the maximum value of the above frequencies can be increased by 2MHz each time, or the minimum value of the above frequencies can be decreased by 2MHz each time.

[0077] In some embodiments, the phase synchronization of the intermediate frequency signal in the quantum computing measurement and control system can be achieved by a triggering action (e.g., sending a trigger signal). For example, the control module sends a trigger signal to the waveform output module, triggering the waveform output module (e.g., a DA board) to output an envelope representing the intermediate frequency signal. This envelope is mixed with the microwave signal to obtain the quantum bit driving signal. The corresponding triggering period for the triggering action is, for example, 500 ns.

[0078] To improve the phase coherence between the driving signals of multiple qubits, the trigger period of the intermediate frequency can be made to be a positive integer multiple of the period of all microwave signals of different frequencies, and the frequencies of the microwave signals of different frequencies can be increased or decreased sequentially according to a preset frequency change.

[0079] As an example, assuming the trigger period is 500ns, the frequency interval (i.e., the preset frequency change) of microwave signals of different frequencies can be 2MHz. For example, the frequencies of multiple microwave signals can be arranged in ascending order as 6000MHz, 6002MHz, 6004MHz, and so on. These microwave signals all have a positive integer number of cycles within 500ns, meaning the preset frequency change is a positive integer multiple of the reciprocal of the trigger period. This preset frequency change can be called the frequency resolution, which is the smallest unit of frequency change or the smallest precision of the microwave signal.

[0080] All microwave signals can run a positive integer number of complete cycles within the trigger period, ensuring that the phase difference of each microwave signal at each trigger is consistent with the phase difference of each microwave signal at the previous trigger. This ensures that the phase difference of each trigger is constant and stable, which in turn ensures the stability of the quantum bit driving signal applied to the quantum bit each time, and ensures the accuracy of the quantum bit operation and measurement results.

[0081] The ratio of the trigger period of the intermediate frequency signal to the period of the microwave signal is a positive integer, i.e. because Therefore, N i =ΔT×f i .

[0082] When the trigger period is 500ns, the frequency resolution is 2MHz, meaning it can distinguish signals that are integer multiples of 2MHz. Correspondingly, the requirement for accurate frequency resolution is that the trigger period contains a complete positive integer number of cycles.

[0083] The following are more specific examples.

[0084] In Example 1, the trigger period of the intermediate frequency signal is assumed to be 500ns, and the preset frequency change is 2MHz. For the first microwave signal, assuming its frequency is f1 = 6002MHz, then 500ns contains 3001 cycles, that is, a positive integer number of cycles. For the second microwave signal, assuming its frequency is f2 = 6004MHz, then 500ns contains 3002 cycles, that is, a positive integer number of cycles. Therefore, choosing 500ns as the trigger period, and determining the trigger time based on the phase coherence time and the trigger period, ensures that the phase difference between the two microwave signals is fixed at each trigger time.

[0085] In Example 2, the trigger period of the intermediate frequency signal is assumed to be 500ns, and the preset frequency change is 2MHz. For the third microwave signal, assuming its frequency is f3 = 12004MHz, then 500ns contains 6002 cycles, that is, a positive integer number of cycles. For the fourth microwave signal, assuming its frequency is f4 = 12008MHz, then 500ns contains 6004 cycles, that is, a positive integer number of cycles. Therefore, choosing 500ns as the trigger period, and determining the trigger time based on the phase coherence time and the trigger period, ensures that the phase difference between the two microwave signals is fixed at each trigger time.

[0086] In Example 3, the trigger period of the intermediate frequency signal is assumed to be 500ns, and the preset frequency change is 2MHz. For the fifth microwave signal, assuming its frequency is f5 = 3001MHz, then 500ns contains 1500.5 cycles, meaning it cannot contain a positive integer number of cycles. For the sixth microwave signal, assuming its frequency is f6 = 3002MHz, then 500ns contains 1501 cycles, meaning it contains a positive integer number of cycles. Therefore, choosing 500ns as the trigger period, and determining the trigger time based on the phase coherence time and the trigger period, cannot guarantee that the phase difference between the two microwave signals is fixed at each trigger time.

[0087] In Example 4, it is assumed that the trigger period of the intermediate frequency signal is 1000ns, and the preset frequency change is 1MHz. For the seventh microwave signal, assuming its frequency is f7 = 6002MHz, then 1000ns contains 6002 cycles, that is, a positive integer number of cycles within 1000ns. For the eighth microwave signal, assuming its frequency is f8 = 6004MHz, then 1000ns contains 6004 cycles, that is, a positive integer number of cycles within 1000ns. Therefore, choosing 1000ns as the trigger period, and determining the trigger time based on the phase coherence time and the trigger period, ensures that the phase difference between the two microwave signals is fixed at each trigger time.

[0088] In Example 5, it is assumed that the trigger period of the intermediate frequency signal is 1000ns, and the preset frequency change is 1MHz. For the ninth microwave signal, assuming its frequency is f9 = 12004MHz, then 1000ns contains 12004 cycles, that is, a positive integer number of cycles. For the tenth microwave signal, assuming its frequency is f... 10 =12008MHz, then 1000ns contains 12008 cycles, that is, a positive integer number of cycles within 1000ns. Therefore, choosing 1000ns as the trigger period, and determining the trigger time based on the phase coherence time and the trigger period, can ensure that the phase difference between the two microwave signals is fixed at each trigger time.

[0089] In Example 6, it is assumed that the trigger period of the intermediate frequency signal is 1000ns, and the preset frequency change is 1MHz. For the eleventh microwave signal, it is assumed that its frequency is f. 11 =3001MHz, then 1000ns contains 3001 cycles, that is, a positive integer number of cycles within 1000ns. For the twelfth microwave signal, assume its frequency is f. 12 =3002MHz, then 1000ns contains 3002 cycles, that is, a positive integer number of cycles within 1000ns. Therefore, choosing 1000ns as the trigger period, and determining the trigger time based on the phase coherence time and the trigger period, can ensure that the phase difference between the two microwave signals is fixed at each trigger time.

[0090] In Example 7, it is assumed that the trigger period of the intermediate frequency signal is 250ns, and the preset frequency change is 4MHz. For the thirteenth microwave signal, it is assumed that its frequency is f. 13 =6002MHz, then 250ns contains 1500.5 cycles, meaning that 250ns cannot contain a positive integer number of cycles. For the fourteenth microwave signal, assuming its frequency is f... 14=6004MHz, then 250ns contains 1501 cycles, that is, a positive integer number of cycles within 250ns. Therefore, choosing 250ns as the trigger period, and determining the trigger time based on the phase coherence time and the trigger period, cannot guarantee that the phase difference between the two microwave signals is fixed at each trigger time.

[0091] In Example 8, it is assumed that the trigger period of the intermediate frequency signal is 250ns, and the preset frequency change is 4MHz. For the fifteenth microwave signal, it is assumed that its frequency is f. 15 =12004MHz, then 250ns contains 3001 cycles, that is, a positive integer number of cycles within 250ns. For the sixteenth microwave signal, assume its frequency is f. 16 =12008MHz, then 250ns contains 3002 cycles, that is, a positive integer number of cycles within 250ns. Therefore, choosing 250ns as the trigger period, and determining the trigger time based on the phase coherence time and the trigger period, can ensure that the phase difference between the two microwave signals is fixed at each trigger time.

[0092] In Example 9, it is assumed that the trigger period of the intermediate frequency signal is 250ns, and the preset frequency change is 4MHz. For the seventeenth microwave signal, it is assumed that its frequency is f. 17 =3001MHz, then 250ns contains 750.25 cycles, meaning that 250ns cannot contain a positive integer number of cycles. For the eighteenth microwave signal, assuming its frequency is f... 18 =3002MHz, then 250ns contains 750.5 cycles, meaning that 250ns cannot contain a positive integer number of cycles. Therefore, choosing 250ns as the trigger period, and determining the trigger time based on the phase coherence time and the trigger period, cannot guarantee that the phase difference between the two microwave signals is fixed at each trigger time.

[0093] As can be seen, this application embodiment considers the relationship between microwave signals and intermediate frequency signals from the perspective of synchronous triggering of a multi-channel quantum computing measurement and control system, ensuring the phase synchronization of the obtained multi-channel quantum computing measurement and control system. A multi-channel quantum computing measurement and control system refers to a quantum computing measurement and control system capable of outputting multiple quantum bit driving signals. Specifically, the triggering period of the intermediate frequency signal is configured to be a positive integer multiple of the period of the microwave signal, so that each microwave signal passes through a positive integer number of complete cycles within the triggering period; multiple triggering times are determined based on the phase coherence time of the microwave signal and the triggering period of the intermediate frequency signal, ensuring that the phase of the same microwave signal remains unchanged at each triggering time, thus keeping the phase difference between the microwave signals constant, thereby maintaining the phase coherence of the multiple microwave signals, and ultimately achieving the phase coherence of the multiple quantum bit driving signals.

[0094] like Figure 1 As shown in the illustration, this application also provides a quantum computing measurement and control system, which includes a control module, a waveform output module, and a signal processing module. The control module is used to determine the trigger period of the intermediate frequency (IF) signal and the frequencies of multiple microwave signals, such that the ratio of the trigger period to the period of any one microwave signal is a positive integer; and to trigger the waveform output module based on the trigger period. The waveform output module is used to output multiple IF signals after being triggered by the control module. The signal processing module is used to mix the multiple IF signals and the multiple microwave signals to generate multiple phase-coherent quantum bit driving signals; the quantum bit driving signals are used to control the quantum information of the quantum bits on the quantum chip. Each quantum bit driving signal corresponds to at least one IF signal and at least one microwave signal.

[0095] In some embodiments, the quantum computing measurement and control system may further include at least one microwave source module, each microwave source module being used to provide one or more microwave signals. As an example, each microwave source module is used to provide multiple microwave signals with different frequencies.

[0096] In some embodiments, the signal processing module can use IQ mixing or double-conversion to mix multiple intermediate frequency signals with multiple microwave signals. When mixing microwave signals and intermediate frequency signals to generate quantum bit driving signals, either IQ mixing or double-conversion can be used. When using IQ mixing, the microwave signal output from any microwave source module can be used as the local oscillator signal. When using double-conversion, the microwave signal output from one microwave source module can be used as the local oscillator signal for the first frequency conversion, and the microwave signal output from the other microwave source module can be used as the local oscillator signal for the second frequency conversion.

[0097] As an example, when generating qubit driving signals using IQ mixing, the frequency difference between multiple microwave signals can be used to determine the phase coherence time, which, combined with the trigger period, can be used to determine the trigger time, thus achieving phase coherence of the generated multiple qubit driving signals. Alternatively, the phase difference between multiple microwave signals can be used to determine the phase coherence time, which, combined with the trigger period, can be used to determine the trigger time, thus achieving phase coherence of the generated multiple qubit driving signals.

[0098] In some embodiments, each qubit drive signal can be used to drive one or more qubits on a quantum chip.

[0099] In the above embodiment, the control module first determines the trigger period of the intermediate frequency (IF) signal and the frequencies of the multiple microwave signals, ensuring that the ratio of the trigger period to the period of any microwave signal is a positive integer. This is to ensure that the phase difference of all microwave signals remains constant during each trigger, thereby maintaining phase coherence. The control module triggers the waveform output module, which outputs multiple IF signals. These IF signals are then fed into the signal processing module, where they are mixed with microwave signals from the microwave source module to generate multiple phase-coherent qubit drive signals. These signals are used to precisely control the qubits on the quantum chip, adjusting their quantum states and significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of quantum computing. Ensuring that the trigger period of the IF signal is a positive integer multiple of the microwave signal period achieves high phase coherence of the qubit drive signals. Furthermore, in practical applications, IQ mixing or double-conversion methods can be flexibly used for mixing, suitable for executing complex quantum algorithms and enhancing the control precision of the qubits.

[0100] This application also provides a quantum computer, which includes a quantum chip and any of the above-mentioned quantum computing measurement and control systems, wherein the quantum chip is provided with a plurality of qubits.

[0101] In some embodiments, the quantum computer may be a superconducting quantum computer, and correspondingly, the quantum chip may be a superconducting quantum chip, on which one or more superconducting qubits may be disposed.

[0102] The embodiments of this application do not limit the number of qubits on the quantum chip, which can be, for example, 32, 72, 100, 200, 256, etc.

[0103] This application also provides a computer device, the specific implementation of which is similar to the implementation method and the technical effects achieved in the above method embodiments, and some contents will not be repeated.

[0104] The computer device includes a memory and at least one processor, the memory storing a computer program, and the at least one processor being configured to execute the computer program to implement the steps of any of the above methods.

[0105] See Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram of a computer device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0106] The embodiments of this application do not limit the computer device, which may be, for example, a local computer device, a cloud computer device, a distributed computer device, etc.

[0107] The computer device may include: a memory 110, a processor 120, and a communication interface 130. The memory 110, the processor 120, and the communication interface 130 are connected through internal connection paths.

[0108] The memory 110 is used to store computer programs, which in some implementations may include code for implementing the methods of the embodiments of this application.

[0109] The processor 120 executes the computer program stored in the memory 110 to control the communication interface 130 to receive input data and information, and output operation results and other data. In some implementations, when the solutions of the embodiments of this application are implemented by software or firmware, the computer program used to implement the solutions of the embodiments of this application can be stored in the processor 120 and executed by the processor 120.

[0110] The memory 110 may be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory may be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory may be random access memory (RAM). It should be noted that the memory 110 described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, any memory of these and other suitable types. As an example, the memory 110 includes random access memory (RAM), cache memory, and read-only memory (ROM). The memory 110 stores a computer program that can be executed by processor 120, causing processor 120 to implement the steps of any of the methods described above.

[0111] The processor 120 can be a central processing unit (CPU), or it can be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, or the processor 120 can be any conventional processor.

[0112] In implementation, each step of the above method can be completed by the integrated logic circuitry of the hardware in the processor 120 or by instructions in software form. The method disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly implemented by the hardware processor, or by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor 120. The software modules can be located in mature storage media in the art, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, or registers. This storage medium is located in the memory 110, and the processor 120 reads the information in the memory 110 and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method. To avoid repetition, detailed descriptions are not provided here.

[0113] In some implementations, in addition to the hardware units described above, computer devices may also include software modules, such as operating systems, basic input / output systems (BIOS), and application software.

[0114] An operating system is used to manage the hardware and / or software resources of a computer device; it is the kernel and foundation of the computer. The operating system handles fundamental tasks such as managing and configuring memory, determining the priority of system resource allocation, controlling input and output devices, operating the network, and managing the file system. To facilitate user operation, most operating systems provide a user interface for interaction with the system.

[0115] The BIOS is used to perform hardware initialization during the power-on boot phase and to provide runtime services for the operating system and applications. In some implementations, the BIOS can also monitor and display processor temperature and execute temperature protection strategies.

[0116] Application software, also known as an application program, can be understood as software written for a specific user application purpose, and is one of the main categories of computer software. For example, application software can be a program used to achieve purposes such as power control and temperature management.

[0117] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, the specific implementation of which is similar to the implementation method and the technical effects achieved in the above method embodiments, and some contents will not be repeated.

[0118] The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by at least one processor, implements the steps of any of the above methods or the functions of any of the above computer devices.

[0119] This application also provides a computer program product, the specific implementation of which is similar to the implementation method and the technical effects achieved in the above method embodiments, and some contents will not be repeated.

[0120] The computer program product includes a computer program that, when executed by at least one processor, implements the steps of any of the above methods or the functions of any of the above computer devices.

[0121] The computer program product may be in the form of a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) and include program code, and may run on a terminal device, such as a personal computer. However, the computer program product of this application is not limited thereto, and the computer program product may be in any combination of one or more computer-readable media.

[0122] It should be noted that although this application uses a quantum chip as an example, it can be applied to other quantum computing devices, such as quantum computing simulation devices, high-performance cluster servers for quantum computing, etc., and this application does not set any limitations on them.

[0123] It is understood that the specific examples in this specification are only intended to help those skilled in the art better understand the implementation of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0124] It is understood that in the various embodiments of this specification, the sequence number of each process does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of this application.

[0125] It is understood that the various implementation methods described in this specification can be implemented individually or in combination, and this application does not limit them.

[0126] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this specification. The term "and / or" as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The singular forms "a," "the," and "the" as used in this specification and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0127] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this specification.

[0128] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the embodiments described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in other embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0129] In the several embodiments provided in this specification, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0130] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of the technical solution in this application, depending on actual needs.

[0131] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this specification can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0132] If a function is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this specification, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this specification. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0133] The above are merely specific embodiments described in this specification, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this specification should be included within the scope of protection of this specification. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A control method for a quantum computing measurement and control system, characterized in that, The control module applied to the quantum computing measurement and control system, the quantum computing measurement and control system further including a waveform output module and a signal processing module, the method comprising: Determine the trigger period of the intermediate frequency signal and the frequency of the multiple microwave signals, such that the ratio of the trigger period to the period of any microwave signal is a positive integer. Based on the triggering period, the waveform output module is triggered to output multiple intermediate frequency signals, so that the signal processing module mixes the multiple intermediate frequency signals with multiple microwave signals to generate multiple phase-coherent quantum bit driving signals; the quantum bit driving signals are used to control the quantum information of the quantum bits on the quantum chip; Each quantum bit driving signal corresponds to at least one intermediate frequency signal and at least one microwave signal.

2. The control method for the quantum computing measurement and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The trigger period of the intermediate frequency signal and the period of the microwave signal satisfy the following conditions: Where ΔT is the trigger period of the intermediate frequency signal, i is the sequence number of the microwave signal, and T i Let N be the period of the i-th microwave signal, and let i and N be the period of the signal. i It is a positive integer.

3. The control method for the quantum computing measurement and control system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of triggering the waveform output module to output multiple intermediate frequency signals based on the trigger period includes: The phase coherence time is determined based on the frequency or phase of the multiple microwave signals; the phase difference of the multiple microwave signals at the phase coherence time is matched with the phase difference of the multiple microwave signals at the specified time. Based on the phase coherence time and the triggering period, at least two triggering times are determined such that the ratio of the interval between any two adjacent triggering times to the triggering period is a positive integer. A trigger signal is sent to the waveform output module at the trigger time so that the waveform output module outputs multiple intermediate frequency signals.

4. The control method for the quantum computing measurement and control system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The triggering time satisfies the following conditions: T j =T0+K j ΔT; Where T0 is the phase coherence time, j is the sequence number of the trigger time, and T j Let j be the j-th trigger time, where j is a positive integer and K is the trigger time. j It is a non-negative integer.

5. The control method for the quantum computing measurement and control system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The frequencies of the multiple microwave signals must meet the following conditions: The frequencies of multiple microwave signals are arranged in ascending order, and the ratio of the frequency difference between any two adjacent microwave signals to the preset frequency change is a positive integer. The preset frequency change is the reciprocal of the trigger period.

6. The control method for the quantum computing measurement and control system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The frequency difference between any two adjacent microwave signals is equal to the preset frequency change.

7. A quantum computing measurement and control system, characterized in that, The quantum computing measurement and control system includes a control module, a waveform output module, and a signal processing module; The control module is used to determine the trigger period of the intermediate frequency signal and the frequency of the multiple microwave signals, such that the ratio of the trigger period to the period of any microwave signal is a positive integer. And, based on the triggering period, the waveform output module is triggered; The waveform output module is used to output multiple intermediate frequency signals after being triggered by the control module; The signal processing module is used to mix multiple intermediate frequency signals with multiple microwave signals to generate multiple phase-coherent quantum bit driving signals. The quantum bit driving signal is used to control the quantum information of the quantum bits on the quantum chip; Each quantum bit driving signal corresponds to at least one intermediate frequency signal and at least one microwave signal.

8. The quantum computing measurement and control system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The quantum computing measurement and control system also includes at least one microwave source module, each microwave source module being used to provide one or more microwave signals.

9. The quantum computing measurement and control system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The signal processing module uses IQ mixing or double frequency conversion to mix multiple intermediate frequency signals with multiple microwave signals.

10. A quantum computer, characterized in that, The quantum computer includes a quantum chip and a quantum computing measurement and control system according to any one of claims 7-9, wherein the quantum chip is provided with a plurality of qubits.

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