A method for planting and cultivating purple corn

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of agricultural planting technology, and particularly relates to a planting and cultivation method of purple corn. The present application adopts double-seed (plant) seeding, the distance between seeds (plants) is 3-5 cm, the plant spacing is 40 cm, the row spacing is 40 cm, and one big ridge is formed, the seeds are deeply sown and buried at a depth of 5-6 cm, the distance between ridges is 120 cm, and the planting method of 4168 seedling per mu is adopted, and the leaf fertilizer independently developed is combined. The planting method not only enables farmers to increase income, but also mainly greatly increases the content of anthocyanin of purple corn, has great significance for guaranteeing national food safety, and has greater social and economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically relating to a method for planting and cultivating purple corn. Background Technology

[0002] Purple corn is an annual plant belonging to the genus *Zea* of the Poaceae family. When the kernels are first formed, they are a translucent ivory color, gradually turning light red as they grow, then purple when mature, and finally purplish-black when dried. Because the kernels resemble pearls, purple corn is also known as "black pearl." Purple corn has a sweet and neutral flavor and is believed to have hemostatic, diuretic, choleretic, and blood pressure-lowering effects. It is considered beneficial for premature graying of hair in young people, postpartum weakness in women, post-illness weakness, anemia, and kidney deficiency. Studies have shown that purple corn contains a large amount of anthocyanins, thus exhibiting good antioxidant and anti-aging effects.

[0003] Purple corn has high requirements for its growing environment, needing ample sunlight, a warm climate, and fertile soil. Current purple corn cultivation methods result in low yields and low anthocyanin content in the corn.

[0004] Therefore, a method for planting and cultivating purple corn is needed to increase its yield and anthocyanin content. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a method for cultivating purple corn. This invention improves the yield and anthocyanin content of purple corn through techniques such as planting density, fertilization, and field management.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions.

[0007] A method for cultivating purple corn includes the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Use a planting method of double rows on wide ridges and double seeds (plants) sown;

[0009] Step 2: Before planting, treat the seeds with Trichoderma harzianum for sterilization. When sowing, apply base fertilizer first, namely corn-specific compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 25:10:5). Apply the fertilizer in holes at the same time as sowing the seeds. The amount of compound fertilizer used per hole is 15 grams, which is 63 kg per acre.

[0010] Step 3: When the seedlings have 3-4 leaves, spray them once with saccharified and fermented foliar fertilizer; when they have 6-7 leaves, spray them once with foliar fertilizer; when the plants are pollinating, spray them once with foliar fertilizer and add an appropriate amount of urea; the last time is during the grain-filling stage, spray them once with foliar fertilizer; if there are pests or diseases, they can be sprayed together with the foliar fertilizer.

[0011] Furthermore, in step 1, double seeds (plants) are sown, with a seed (plant) spacing of 3-5cm and a plant spacing of 40cm; a row spacing of 40cm is one large ridge, and the seeds are sown at a depth of 5-6cm; the distance between ridges is 120cm, and 4168 seedlings are maintained per mu.

[0012] Furthermore, in step 3, saccharification and fermentation are carried out using the original plant juice theory to generate foliar fertilizer. The preparation method is as follows: freshly harvested purple corn kernels, roots, stems, cobs, and silks are washed, crushed, mixed, and stirred evenly, and then placed in a container for closed fermentation. The fermentation temperature is controlled at 37℃, and the fermentation time is set to 15 days. After fermentation, the fertilizer is processed by extrusion and ultrafiltration membrane to remove macromolecular impurities and extract the original plant juice. When spraying, the original plant juice and water are mixed evenly at a ratio of 1:20 and sprayed onto the leaves and stems.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows.

[0014] 1. The 120cm row spacing of this method, compared to the 40-100cm row spacing of ordinary planting techniques, allows for more adequate ventilation and light penetration. It also facilitates field management, makes it easier to spray foliar fertilizer on seedlings, ensures even foliar fertilization of vegetation, and promotes better absorption of nutrients by vegetation under sufficient photosynthesis.

[0015] 2. A plant spacing of 40cm and a row spacing of 40cm will not affect the absorption of soil nutrients between crops and will meet the light transmission requirements.

[0016] 3. Planting two seedlings per hole with a spacing of 3-5 cm increases density but also increases the spacing between holes. Since the soil nutrients are met by applying base fertilizer before planting, the soil nutrients meet the needs of the vegetation. At the same time, the two seedlings grow together and their roots intertwine, which improves the resistance to lodging. Based on the characteristics of the variety, 4168 seedlings are maintained per mu, and each seedling can produce 2-3 ears, which can significantly increase the yield per unit area of ​​corn.

[0017] 4. The method of this invention can meet the requirements of mechanized sowing and cultivation (only the sowing tray needs to be replaced).

[0018] 5. Conventional foliar fertilizer: promotes plant growth, enhances stress resistance, and increases yield; the foliar fertilizer independently developed in this invention uses "original plant juice" technology. In addition to the effects of conventional foliar fertilizer, its main function is to improve the quality of corn by using original plant juice to enhance the anthocyanin content, based on the ventilation and light penetration of this planting method.

[0019] 6. The method of this invention retains approximately 4168 seedlings per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), significantly increasing the yield per unit area of ​​corn. An experiment on 120 mu (approximately 8 hectares) showed an average yield increase of 9200 kg per mu. Yields will be even higher in irrigated land. This planting method not only increases farmers' income but, more importantly, greatly increases the anthocyanin content of purple corn, which is of great significance for ensuring national food security and has even greater social and economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the planting and cultivation of purple corn in double rows on a raised ridge.

[0021] Figure 2 Photos of purple corn planted with different plant spacing, row spacing, and ridge spacing.

[0022] Figure 3 Growth of purple corn planted in double rows on wide ridges (a, early stage, b, middle stage).

[0023] Figure 4 Comparison of ordinary foliar fertilizer and the foliar fertilizer of this invention for purple corn grown in double rows on wide ridges (a, ordinary foliar fertilizer, b, foliar fertilizer of this invention). Detailed Implementation

[0024] The claims of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but this does not constitute any limitation on the present invention. Any limited modifications made by any person within the scope of the claims of the present invention shall still be within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

[0025] A method for cultivating purple corn includes the following steps:

[0026] Step 1: Use a planting method of double rows on wide ridges and double seeds (plants) sown;

[0027] Step 2: Before planting, treat the seeds with Trichoderma harzianum for sterilization. When sowing, apply base fertilizer first, namely corn-specific compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 25:10:5). Apply the fertilizer in holes at the same time as sowing the seeds. The amount of compound fertilizer used per hole is 15 grams, which is 63 kg per acre.

[0028] Step 3: When the seedlings have 3-4 leaves, spray them once with saccharified and fermented foliar fertilizer; when they have 6-7 leaves, spray them once more; during the pollination period, spray them once with foliar fertilizer and add an appropriate amount of urea; the last time is during the grain-filling period, spray them once more with foliar fertilizer. If there are pests or diseases, they can be sprayed together with the foliar fertilizer.

[0029] Furthermore, in step 1, double seeds (plants) are sown, with a seed (plant) spacing of 3-5cm and a plant spacing of 40cm; a row spacing of 40cm is one large ridge, and the seeds are sown at a depth of 5-6cm; the distance between ridges is 120cm, and 4168 seedlings are maintained per mu.

[0030] Furthermore, in step 3, the foliar fertilizer produced by saccharification and fermentation using the theory of original plant juice is prepared as follows: freshly harvested purple corn kernels, roots, stems, cobs, and silks are washed, crushed, mixed, and stirred evenly, and then placed in a container for closed fermentation; the fermentation temperature is controlled at 37℃, and the fermentation time is 15 days. After fermentation, the product is extruded and processed, and large molecular impurities are removed by ultrafiltration membrane to extract the original plant juice; when spraying, the original plant juice and water are mixed evenly at a ratio of 1:20 and sprayed onto the leaves and stems.

[0031] Field trials of the method of this invention:

[0032] 1. Overview of the experimental area: In 2020, six plots of general cultivated land were selected in Taikang County, Zhoukou City, Henan Province for experimental planting. The experimental site was Zhuzhuang, Wulikou Township.

[0033] 2. Overview of the test area: The rainfall in this area in 2020 was 574.4 mm, and the average annual temperature was 17.7 degrees Celsius.

[0034] 3. Experimental field conditions: 6 plots, approximately 120 mu; Experimental plots: non-irrigated land, first crop was corn.

[0035] 4. Crop variety: Purple corn is selected, with a plant height of approximately 170cm.

[0036] 5. Experimental objective: To meet the needs of purple corn for sufficient light and ventilation, thereby increasing the content and purity of its anthocyanins and improving its yield.

[0037] The experiment used adjacent plots with the same variety, double rows on wide ridges, and a row spacing and hole spacing of 40cm. Two seeds (plants) were planted per hole, with a seed (plant) spacing of 3-5cm. The ridge spacing was 40cm, 60cm, 80cm, 100cm, and 120cm, respectively. Other cultivation measures were the same. The experiment aimed to improve corn yield while also increasing the content and purity of anthocyanins.

[0038] Table 1. Yield and anthocyanin purity of purple corn with double rows and double holes on wide ridges and a row spacing of 40cm.

[0039]

[0040] Table 2. Yield and anthocyanin purity of purple corn with double rows and double holes on wide ridges and a row spacing of 45cm.

[0041]

[0042] Table 3. Yield and anthocyanin purity of purple corn with double rows and double holes on wide ridges and a row spacing of 50cm.

[0043]

[0044]

[0045] Table 4 is obtained by organizing the average yield and anthocyanin purity of purple corn from Tables 1-3.

[0046] Table 4 Comparative data of purple corn cultivation experiments.

[0047]

[0048] Table 5. Experimental methods for cultivating common purple corn.

[0049]

[0050] according to Figure 2 Taking the corn cob shown in the left image as an example, randomly selected purple cob with a row spacing of 40cm or 60cm shows a dull (light) color, indicating poor anthocyanin content and low purity; according to Figure 2 Taking the corn cob shown in the image as an example, the color of randomly selected purple corn cobs with a row spacing of 80cm or 100cm generally indicates that the anthocyanin content is of medium purity; according to Figure 2 Taking the corn cob shown in the right image as an example, the anthocyanin content of randomly selected corn cobs with a row spacing of 120cm appears darker, indicating a higher anthocyanin content and purity. According to... Figure 3 When anthocyanin-rich corn is planted using the method of this invention, the planting pattern is as follows: double rows on a large ridge, with a row spacing and hole spacing of 40cm, two seeds per hole, a plant spacing of 3-5cm, and a ridge spacing of 120cm. The vegetation grows well.

[0051] Use ordinary foliar fertilizer for planting:

[0052] A method for cultivating purple corn includes the following steps:

[0053] Step 1: Use a planting method of double rows on wide ridges and double seeds (plants) sown;

[0054] Sow two seeds (plants) at a time, with a seed (plant) spacing of 3-5 cm and a plant spacing of 40 cm; each row is 40 cm apart, and the seeds are sown 5-6 cm deep; the distance between rows is 120 cm, and the seedlings are maintained at 4168 per mu.

[0055] Step 2: Before planting, treat the seeds with Trichoderma harzianum for sterilization. When sowing, apply base fertilizer first, namely corn-specific compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 25:10:5). Apply the fertilizer in holes at the same time as sowing the seeds. The amount of compound fertilizer used per hole is 15 grams, which is 63 kg per acre.

[0056] Step 3: When the seedlings have 3-4 leaves, spray them once with ordinary foliar fertilizer; when they have 6-7 leaves, spray them once more; during the pollination period, spray them once with foliar fertilizer and add an appropriate amount of urea; the last time is during the grain-filling period, spray them once more with foliar fertilizer; if there are pests or diseases, they can be sprayed together with the foliar fertilizer. The foliar fertilizer used is sold by Shandong Zhonggu Nongkang Fertilizer Co., Ltd.

[0057] Figure 4 It can be seen that, Figure 4 a) shows the growth effect of purple corn after spraying with ordinary foliar fertilizer. There are no obvious changes in the stem. The purple corn produced by this type of corn stem has a low anthocyanin content. Figure 4 b) After spraying with the foliar fertilizer of this invention, the growth of purple corn was significantly improved, and its stems turned purple. It is easy to see from the surface that the anthocyanin content of this colored corn stem is significantly increased. Table 5 shows that even ordinary purple corn grown with the foliar fertilizer of this invention has a very low anthocyanin content.

[0058] Based on the above experiments, the following conclusions were drawn: When planting anthocyanin-rich corn using the method of this invention, with double rows on wide ridges, row spacing, and hole spacing of 40cm, two seeds per hole, plant spacing of 3-5cm, and ridge spacing of 120cm, combined with the self-developed foliar fertilizer, the average yield of purple corn can reach 923.2 kg / mu, with high anthocyanin content and purity. The average yield of purple corn planted using the conventional method is 819.2 kg / mu, with very low anthocyanin content. Compared with the conventional method, the average yield of purple corn planted using the method of this invention increases by 103.8 kg / mu, and it contains abundant and high levels of anthocyanins.

[0059] Conclusion: The cultivation method of this invention not only increases the yield of purple corn but also significantly increases the anthocyanin content.

Claims

1. A method for planting and cultivating purple corn, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Use the double-row, double-seed planting method on wide ridges; double seed sowing, with a seed spacing of 3-5cm and a plant spacing of 40cm; a row spacing of 40cm constitutes one large ridge, with deep sowing and burying the seeds 5-6cm; the distance between ridges is 120cm, maintaining 4168 seedlings per mu; Step 2: Before planting, treat the seeds with Trichoderma harzianum for sterilization. When sowing, apply base fertilizer, namely corn-specific compound fertilizer, in holes and sow at the same time as the seeds. The amount of compound fertilizer used per hole is 15 grams, which is 63 kilograms per acre. Step 3: When the seedlings have 3-4 leaves, spray them once with saccharified and fermented foliar fertilizer; when they have 6-7 leaves, spray them once with foliar fertilizer; during the pollination period, spray them once with foliar fertilizer and add an appropriate amount of urea; the last time is during the grain-filling period, spray them once with foliar fertilizer; if there are pests or diseases, they can be sprayed together with the foliar fertilizer. In step 3, the foliar fertilizer treated with saccharification and fermentation is prepared as follows: freshly harvested purple corn kernels, roots, stems, cobs, and silks are washed, crushed, mixed, and stirred evenly, and then fermented in a closed environment. The fermentation temperature is controlled at 37℃, and the fermentation time is 15 days. After fermentation, the fertilizer is processed by extrusion and then removed by ultrafiltration membrane to remove macromolecular impurities and extract the original plant juice. When spraying, the original plant juice and water are mixed evenly at a ratio of 1:20 and sprayed onto the leaves and stems.

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