Method, apparatus and system for avoiding metalized hole cracking and burr in pcb milling step

Abstract

The application discloses a PCB milling step method, equipment and system for avoiding metalized hole cracking and burrs, and relates to the field of PCB processing.The PCB milling step method, equipment and system for avoiding metalized hole cracking and burrs can ensure that a pre-milling groove and a metalized hole are concentric by fixing the position of the metalized hole through accurate positioning and fixing of the position of the metalized hole by a positioning pin after preliminary rough positioning by a visual camera, positioning is fast and accurate, and the inner wall of the pre-milling groove and the inner wall of the metalized hole do not overlap or are not misaligned, so that metalized hole edge cracking and burr conditions still occur when a step is subsequently milled.The step surface processing is performed after all the metalized holes in the preset step surface area are milled to form the pre-milling groove, so that metalized hole sidewall burrs and cracking conditions caused by step surface processing are effectively avoided, and the whole process is automatically controlled by a control module, a high-precision visual positioning scheme is not needed, the cost is lower, the efficiency is higher, and the yield is higher.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of PCB processing technology, specifically to a method, equipment, and system for milling steps in PCBs to avoid cracking and burrs in metallized holes. Background Technology

[0002] The inclusion of metallized holes within the steps of PCB printed circuit boards is gradually being added to high-end PCBs. This design is typically implemented after the outer layers of the printed circuit board have been manufactured, and the designed outer layer vias are already in a finished product state.

[0003] However, after designing the step, the step processing usually uses mechanical milling to create a step slightly lower than the original plane on the PCB surface. However, this process can cause copper cracking and burrs at the pre-formed outer layer vias on the PCB. The main reason is that when the milling cutter approaches the via, the sidewall of the via has already been milled away, so the sidewall cannot support it. When the milling cutter enters the via, burrs and cracks will quickly appear. Currently, the solution to this problem is to manually repair each hole one by one, which has poor repair effect, low yield, and very low overall efficiency. Therefore, a PCB step milling method, equipment, and system are provided to avoid cracking and burrs in metallized holes and solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method, equipment, and system for milling steps on PCBs to avoid metallized via cracking and burrs. This solves the problem that existing PCB step processing typically uses mechanical milling to create a step slightly lower than the original plane on the PCB surface. However, this process can cause copper cracking and burrs at the pre-formed outer layer vias on the PCB.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a PCB milling step method to avoid metallized hole tearing and burrs, comprising the following steps: S1. Select a milling cutter based on the inner diameter of the adjusting inner hole. The diameter of the milling cutter should be 0.1 mm larger than the diameter of the small hole. S2. Position the small hole inside the step to ensure that the center of the small hole coincides with the center of the milling cutter groove; S3. Adjust the milling cutter feed depth according to the step depth, which should be 0.1mm greater than the step depth; S4. Mill the holes one by one using a milling cutter; S5. After all the small holes are milled, the PCB is then routerd with a router tool to create steps.

[0006] Preferably, a PCB milling step device that avoids metallized hole tearing and burrs includes a processing table and a milling mechanism fixedly mounted on the processing table. The processing table is provided with a material loading mechanism and a positioning mechanism. The material loading mechanism includes a movable carrier plate slidably mounted on the processing table. A fixed mold base is provided on the movable carrier plate. A PCB board is fixed on the fixed mold base, and the PCB board has multiple metallized holes. The positioning mechanism includes a two-dimensional pneumatic adjustment component, an adaptive fine-tuning connector, a calibration plug, and a vision camera. The two-dimensional pneumatic adjustment component is installed between the machining table and the movable carrier plate. The two-dimensional pneumatic adjustment component is used to move the movable carrier plate on the machining table in the X and Y axes according to the positioning of the vision camera, so that the metallized hole is roughly positioned to the milling station. The adaptive fine-tuning connector is installed between the movable carrier plate and the fixed mold base. The calibration plug is set at the bottom of the milling station. The calibration plug moves upward and inserts into the metallized hole, so that the fixed mold base can adaptively move horizontally in the movable carrier plate through the adaptive fine-tuning connector, thereby making the metallized hole accurately aligned with the milling station.

[0007] Preferably, the two-dimensional pneumatic adjustment component includes two sets of linear cylinders fixedly disposed at the bottom of the processing table, and the two sets of linear cylinders are distributed perpendicularly to each other. A sliding groove is provided on the processing table. A connecting arm is fixedly disposed at the output end of the linear cylinder. A movable connecting block is fixedly disposed at the end of the connecting arm. A linear groove is provided on the side of the movable carrier plate. A slide rail is fixedly disposed inside the linear groove. The movable connecting block is slidably connected to the slide rail.

[0008] Preferably, the movable carrier plate has a groove at its top, the fixed mold base is movably disposed in the groove, a cover plate is movably placed on the top of the groove, the cover plate is used to cover the gap between the groove and the fixed mold base, and a magnetic insertion rod is fixedly disposed at the bottom of the cover plate. The magnetic insertion rod is movably inserted into the movable carrier plate, the linear groove is connected to the groove, one end of the adaptive fine-tuning connector is slidably disposed on the slide rail, and the other end of the adaptive fine-tuning connector is fixedly installed to the fixed mold base.

[0009] Preferably, the adaptive fine-tuning connector includes a slider slidably connected to the outer walls of both ends of the slide rail, and a memory spring is provided between the slider and the inner side wall of the linear groove. A connecting tube is fixedly provided on the outer end face of the slider, a sliding shaft is movably inserted into the connecting tube, and an assembly block is fixedly connected to the other end of the sliding shaft. An assembly groove is provided on the side of the fixed mold base, and the assembly block is fixedly installed in the assembly groove by screws.

[0010] Preferably, the top of the fixed mold base is provided with a workpiece limiting groove, the PCB board is placed in the workpiece limiting groove, the middle of the workpiece limiting groove is provided with a rectangular opening, and the four corners of the workpiece limiting groove are provided with vacuum adsorption holes. The bottom of the vacuum adsorption hole is fixedly connected with a vacuum guide pipe, which is used to connect to an external vacuum pump so that the vacuum adsorption hole adsorbs and fixes the PCB board in the workpiece limiting groove through negative pressure.

[0011] Preferably, the movable carrier plate has a connecting groove in the middle, and a magnetic block is fixedly provided at the bottom of the movable carrier plate. The magnetic block is slidably disposed on the processing table and is attracted and fixed to the processing table, so that there is a gap between the movable carrier plate and the processing table. A wire-passing port is provided at the bottom of the processing table, and the vacuum air guide tube passes through the wire-passing port and extends into the gap, so that when the movable carrier plate slides on the processing table, the vacuum air guide tube moves in the gap, and the top end of the vacuum air guide tube passes through the connecting groove.

[0012] Preferably, the calibration plug includes a lifting cylinder fixedly disposed at the bottom of the processing table. The output end of the lifting cylinder is fixedly connected to a lifting rod. A positioning pin is integrally formed on the top of the lifting rod. An inclined groove is provided on the top of the positioning pin. A stepped boss is naturally formed between the lifting rod and the positioning pin. The positioning pin is inserted into the metallized hole through the inclined groove so that the PCB board can adaptively move horizontally for calibration and positioning. The lifting rod pushes the PCB board out of the workpiece limiting groove through the stepped boss.

[0013] Preferably, the milling and screwing mechanism includes a gantry frame fixedly mounted on the machining table, a mounting bracket fixedly mounted in the middle of the gantry frame, and stroke cylinders fixedly mounted on the top of both sides of the mounting bracket. The output end of the stroke cylinder is fixedly connected to a motor base, and a servo motor is fixedly embedded in the motor base. The output ends of the two sets of servo motors are respectively fixedly mounted with a milling cutter head and a screwing cutter head. The outer wall of the mounting bracket is integrally formed with a guide rail, the motor base is slidably mounted on the guide rail, and the vision camera is fixedly mounted on the gantry frame.

[0014] Preferably, a PCB milling step system for avoiding metallized hole tearing and burrs includes a control module, a vision module, and an execution module. The control module includes a PLC controller or an industrial computer, the vision module includes a vision camera, and the execution module includes a linear cylinder, a lifting cylinder, a stroke cylinder, a servo motor, and an external vacuum pump.

[0015] Its beneficial effects are as follows: 1. This PCB milling step method to avoid cracking and burrs in metallized holes involves pre-milling the metallized holes on the PCB before routering the steps. The diameter of the milled hole is 0.1mm larger than the original hole diameter, and the milling depth is 0.1mm greater than the required step depth. This creates a pre-milled groove at the top of the metallized hole. Then, during routering, the height of the machined step surface exceeds the top of the pre-milled groove by 0.1mm. This ensures that the original metallized hole remains a hole at the height of the step surface, preventing burrs and cracking on the sidewalls of the metallized holes when the router cutter enters.

[0016] 2. This PCB milling step equipment, which avoids metallized hole tearing and burrs, uses a vision camera for preliminary rough positioning and then uses positioning pins for precise positioning and fixing of the metallized hole position. This ensures that the pre-milled groove and the metallized hole are concentric, and the positioning is fast and accurate. It avoids the inner wall of the pre-milled groove from overlapping or misaligning with the inner wall of the metallized hole, which would cause metallized hole edge tearing and burrs during subsequent step milling. At the same time, the entire process does not require a high-precision vision positioning scheme, resulting in lower costs.

[0017] 3. This PCB milling step system, which avoids metallized hole cracking and burrs, connects the vision module and the execution module through a control module. This enables fully automated operation throughout the entire process of milling pre-milled grooves on the PCB and then machining the steps, eliminating the need for manual operation. It is highly efficient, precise, and yields a high final product rate. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the PCB milling step method for avoiding metallized hole cracking and burrs according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the PCB milling step device for avoiding metallized hole cracking and burrs according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the top structure of the processing table of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the processing table of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the outer surface structure of the milling mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the top structure of the fixed mold base of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the movable carrier plate of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the PCB board of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the PCB board of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the movable carrier plate of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive fine-tuning connector structure of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a functional architecture diagram of the PCB milling step system for avoiding metallized hole tearing and burrs according to the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Processing table; 12. Slide groove; 13. Threading port; 2. Material loading mechanism; 21. Movable carrier plate; 212. Container groove; 213. Linear groove; 214. Connecting groove; 215. Magnetic block; 22. Fixed mold base; 222. Workpiece limiting groove; 223. Rectangular opening; 224. Vacuum adsorption hole; 225. Assembly groove; 226. Vacuum air guide pipe; 23. Cover plate; 232. Magnetic suction rod; 3. Milling and milling mechanism; 31. Gantry frame; 32. Mounting bracket; 33. Stroke cylinder; 34. Servo motor; 35. Milling cutter head; 36. Milling cutter head; 37. Motor base; 38. Guide rail; 4. PCB board; 42. Metallized hole; 43. Pre-milled groove; 44. Stepped surface; 5. Positioning mechanism; 51. Two-dimensional pneumatic adjustment component; 511. Linear cylinder; 512. Connecting arm; 513. Movable connecting block; 514. Slide rail; 52. Adaptive fine-tuning connector; 521. Slider; 522. Connecting tube; 523. Sliding shaft; 524. Assembly block; 525. Memory spring; 53. Calibration plug; 531. Lifting cylinder; 532. Ejector rod; 533. Positioning pin; 534. Inclined cutter; 54. Vision camera. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] To better understand the above technical solutions, the following will provide a detailed explanation of the technical solutions in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0023] Example 1: This embodiment of the invention discloses a PCB milling step method to avoid metallized hole tearing and burrs, according to the appendix. Figure 1 Appendix Figure 8 and attached Figure 9 As shown, it includes the following steps: S1. Select a milling cutter based on the inner diameter of the adjusting inner hole. The diameter of the milling cutter should be 0.1 mm larger than the diameter of the small hole. S2. Position the small hole inside the step to ensure that the center of the small hole coincides with the center of the milling cutter groove; S3. Adjust the milling cutter feed depth according to the step depth, which should be 0.1mm greater than the step depth; S4. Mill the holes one by one using a milling cutter; S5. After all the small holes are milled, the PCB is then routerd with a router tool to create steps.

[0024] Working principle: In this method, before routing the steps on the PCB board 4, the metallized holes 42 on the PCB board 4 are pre-milled. The upper end of each metallized hole 42 is milled, with the milled hole diameter 0.1mm larger than the original hole diameter and the milled hole depth 0.1mm greater than the depth of the step to be routed. This creates a shape at the top of the metallized hole 42, such as... Figure 8 The pre-milled groove 43 is shown. Then, when making the step, the height of the machined step surface 44 should exceed the top of the pre-milled groove 43 by 0.1mm. This ensures that when making the step, the original metallized hole 42 is in the height part of the step surface 44 as a hole, thereby avoiding the occurrence of burrs and cracks on the side wall of the metallized hole 42 when the milling cutter enters the side wall of the metallized hole 42.

[0025] Example 2: This embodiment of the invention discloses a PCB milling step device to avoid metallized hole tearing and burrs, according to the attached... Figure 2-11 As shown, it includes a processing table 1 and a milling mechanism 3 fixedly mounted on the processing table 1. The processing table 1 is provided with a material loading mechanism 2 and a positioning mechanism 5. The material loading mechanism 2 includes a movable carrier plate 21 slidably mounted on the processing table 1. A fixed mold base 22 is provided on the movable carrier plate 21. A PCB board 4 is fixed on the fixed mold base 22, and a plurality of metallized holes 42 are opened on the PCB board 4. The positioning mechanism 5 includes a two-dimensional pneumatic adjustment component 51, an adaptive fine-tuning connector 52, a calibration plug 53, and a vision camera 54. The two-dimensional pneumatic adjustment component 51 is installed between the machining table 1 and the movable carrier plate 21. The two-dimensional pneumatic adjustment component 51 is positioned according to the vision camera 54 to move the movable carrier plate 21 on the machining table 1 in the X and Y axis directions, so that the metallized hole 42 is roughly positioned to the milling station. The adaptive fine-tuning connector 52 is installed between the movable carrier plate 21 and the fixed mold base 22. The calibration plug 53 is set at the bottom of the milling station. The calibration plug 53 moves upward and is inserted into the metallized hole 42, so that the fixed mold base 22 can move adaptively horizontally in the movable carrier plate 21 through the adaptive fine-tuning connector 52, thereby making the metallized hole 42 accurately aligned with the milling station.

[0026] The two-dimensional pneumatic adjustment component 51 includes two sets of linear cylinders 511 fixedly installed at the bottom of the processing table 1, and the two sets of linear cylinders 511 are perpendicular to each other. A slide groove 12 is provided on the processing table 1. A connecting arm 512 is fixedly installed at the output end of the linear cylinder 511. A movable connecting block 513 is fixedly installed at the end of the connecting arm 512. A linear groove 213 is provided on the side of the movable carrier plate 21. A slide rail 514 is fixedly installed inside the linear groove 213. The movable connecting block 513 is slidably connected to the slide rail 514.

[0027] The top of the movable carrier plate 21 is provided with a receiving groove 212. The fixed mold base 22 is movably disposed in the receiving groove 212. A cover plate 23 is movably placed on the top of the receiving groove 212. The cover plate 23 is used to cover the gap between the receiving groove 212 and the fixed mold base 22. A magnetic suction rod 232 is fixedly disposed at the bottom of the cover plate 23. The magnetic suction rod 232 is movably inserted into the movable carrier plate 21. The linear groove 213 is connected to the receiving groove 212. One end of the adaptive fine-tuning connector 52 is slidably disposed on the slide rail 514. The other end of the adaptive fine-tuning connector 52 is fixedly installed with the fixed mold base 22. The movable carrier plate 21 is moved in the X-axis and Y-axis directions by two mutually perpendicular linear cylinders 511 respectively. At this time, the movable connecting block 513 slides on the slide rail 514 to avoid interference with the connecting arm 512 when moving in the X-axis and Y-axis directions respectively. This allows the metallized hole 42 to be roughly positioned at the bottom of the milling cutter head 36.

[0028] The adaptive fine-tuning connector 52 includes a slider 521 that is slidably connected to the outer walls of both ends of the slide rail 514, and a memory spring 525 is provided between the slider 521 and the inner side wall of the linear groove 213. A connecting tube 522 is fixedly provided on the outer end face of the slider 521, and a sliding shaft 523 is movably inserted into the connecting tube 522. An assembly block 524 is fixedly connected to the other end of the sliding shaft 523. An assembly groove 225 is provided on the side of the fixed mold base 22, and the assembly block 524 is fixedly installed in the assembly groove 225 by screws.

[0029] The top of the fixed mold base 22 is provided with a workpiece limiting groove 222. The PCB board 4 is placed in the workpiece limiting groove 222. A rectangular opening 223 is provided in the middle of the workpiece limiting groove 222. Vacuum adsorption holes 224 are provided at the four corners of the workpiece limiting groove 222. A vacuum guide pipe 226 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the vacuum adsorption hole 224. The vacuum guide pipe 226 is used to connect to an external vacuum pump so that the vacuum adsorption hole 224 adsorbs and fixes the PCB board 4 in the workpiece limiting groove 222 through negative pressure.

[0030] The movable carrier plate 21 has a connecting groove 214 in the middle, and a magnetic block 215 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the movable carrier plate 21. The magnetic block 215 is slidably installed on the processing table 1 and is attracted and fixed to the processing table 1, so that there is a gap between the movable carrier plate 21 and the processing table 1. The bottom of the processing table 1 has a wire-passing port 13. The vacuum gas guide tube 226 passes through the wire-passing port 13 and extends into the gap, so that when the movable carrier plate 21 slides on the processing table 1, the vacuum gas guide tube 226 moves in the gap, and the top end of the vacuum gas guide tube 226 passes through the connecting groove 214.

[0031] The calibration plug-in 53 includes a lifting cylinder 531 fixedly installed at the bottom of the processing table 1. The output end of the lifting cylinder 531 is fixedly connected to a lifting rod 532. The top of the lifting rod 532 is integrally formed with a positioning pin 533. The top of the positioning pin 533 is provided with an inclined groove 534. A stepped boss is naturally formed between the lifting rod 532 and the positioning pin 533. The positioning pin 533 is inserted into the metallization hole 42 through the inclined groove 534 so that the PCB board 4 can adaptively move horizontally for calibration and positioning. The lifting rod 532 pushes the PCB board 4 out of the workpiece limiting groove 222 through the stepped boss.

[0032] By activating the lifting cylinder 531, the ejector rod 532 moves upward. At this time, the positioning pin 533 is inserted into the metallized hole 42 through the inclined groove 534 on its top. During this process, the fixed mold base 22 moves horizontally within the receiving groove 212. The adaptive fine-tuning connector 52 allows the fixed mold base 22 to move slightly. When the fixed mold base 22 moves, the slider 521 slides along the slide rail 514, and the sliding shaft 523 extends and retracts within the connecting tube 522. Thus, the positioning pin 533 is used for precise positioning, and the target metallized hole 42 is fixed by the positioning pin 533. The milling and spruing mechanism 3 includes a gantry frame 31 fixedly mounted on the machining table 1. A mounting bracket 32 ​​is fixedly mounted in the middle of the gantry frame 31. Stroke cylinders 33 are fixedly mounted on the top of both sides of the mounting bracket 32. A motor base 37 is fixedly connected to the output end of the stroke cylinder 33. A servo motor 34 is fixedly embedded in the motor base 37. A milling cutter head 36 and a spruing cutter head 35 are fixedly mounted on the output ends of the two sets of servo motors 34, respectively. A guide rail 38 is integrally formed on the outer wall of the mounting bracket 32. The motor base 37 is slidably mounted on the guide rail 38. A vision camera 54 is fixedly mounted on the gantry frame 31.

[0033] Working principle: Before use, the vacuum duct 226 is connected to an external vacuum pump. When in use, the PCB board 4 to be processed is first placed inside the workpiece limiting groove 222. At this time, the external vacuum pump is started, so that a negative pressure is formed at the vacuum adsorption hole 224, which adsorbs and fixes the PCB board 4. Then, the vision camera 54 is activated to position the metallized hole 42 to be milled. At this time, the linear cylinder 511 is activated, and the movable carrier plate 21 is moved through the connecting arm 512. The two mutually perpendicular linear cylinders 511 respectively drive the movable carrier plate 21 to move in the X-axis and Y-axis directions. At this time, the movable connecting block 513 slides on the slide rail 514 to avoid interference with the connecting arm 512 when moving in the X-axis and Y-axis directions respectively. In this way, the metallized hole 42 is roughly positioned at the bottom of the milling cutter head 36. Then the lifting cylinder 531 is activated, driving the ejector rod 532 to move upward. At this time, the positioning pin 533 is inserted into the metallized hole 42 through the inclined groove 534 on its top. During this process, the fixed mold base 22 will move horizontally inside the receiving groove 212. At this time, the adaptive fine-tuning connector 52 allows the fixed mold base 22 to move slightly. When the fixed mold base 22 moves, the slider 521 slides along the slide rail 514. At the same time, the sliding shaft 523 moves in and out of the connecting tube 522, thereby using the positioning pin 533 to make precise positioning and fix the target metallized hole 42 through the positioning pin 533. At this time, the stroke cylinder 33 at the top of the milling cutter head 36 is activated, which drives the servo motor 34 at the top of the milling cutter head 36 to move downward. At the same time, the servo motor 34 is activated to drive the milling cutter head 36 to rotate, thereby milling a pre-milled groove 43 on the top of the metallized hole 42. The pre-milled groove 43 and the metallized hole 42 are kept concentric to avoid the inner wall of the pre-milled groove 43 from overlapping or misaligning with the inner wall of the metallized hole 42. Then, following the steps described above, all metallized holes 42 in the stepped surface 44 area are pre-milled with grooves 43. After processing, the movable carrier plate 21 is moved by the two-dimensional pneumatic adjustment component 51, and the pre-set stepped surface 44 is milled on the top of the PCB board 4 by the milling cutter head 35 to complete the overall processing. Then, the external vacuum pump exhausts the air, causing the vacuum adsorption hole 224 to release its adsorption on the PCB board 4. Then, the lifting cylinder 531 is controlled to continue to extend upward, and the PCB board 4 is pushed out of the receiving groove 212 by the ejector rod 532 for unloading.

[0034] Throughout the process, after preliminary rough positioning using a vision camera 54, the position of the metallized hole 42 is precisely positioned and fixed using a positioning pin 533. This ensures that the pre-milled groove 43 and the metallized hole 42 are concentric, resulting in fast and accurate positioning. This avoids overlap or misalignment between the inner wall of the pre-milled groove 43 and the inner wall of the metallized hole 42, which could lead to edge tearing and burrs on the metallized hole 42 during subsequent milling of the stepped surface 44. Furthermore, the entire process does not require a high-precision vision positioning solution, resulting in lower costs.

[0035] Example 3: This invention discloses a PCB milling step system to avoid metallized hole tearing and burrs, according to the appendix. Figure 12 As shown, it includes a control module, a vision module, and an execution module. The control module includes a PLC controller or an industrial computer, the vision module includes a vision camera 54, and the execution module includes a linear cylinder 511, a lifting cylinder 531, a stroke cylinder 33, a servo motor 34, and an external vacuum pump.

[0036] Working principle: The system controls and connects the vision module and the execution module through the setting of the control module, so as to realize the fully automated operation in the entire process of pre-milling the pre-milled groove 43 on the PCB board 4 and then machining the step surface 44. No manual operation is required, which is highly efficient, highly accurate and has a high yield rate.

[0037] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0038] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A PCB milling step device for avoiding metallized hole tearing and burrs, comprising a processing table (1) and a milling mechanism (3) fixedly mounted on the processing table (1), characterized in that, The processing table (1) is provided with a material loading mechanism (2) and a positioning mechanism (5). The material loading mechanism (2) includes a movable carrier plate (21) that is slidably disposed on the processing table (1). A fixed mold base (22) is provided on the movable carrier plate (21). A PCB board (4) is fixed on the fixed mold base (22), and a plurality of metallized holes (42) are opened on the PCB board (4). The positioning mechanism (5) includes a two-dimensional pneumatic adjustment component (51), an adaptive fine-tuning connector (52), a calibration plug (53), and a vision camera (54). The two-dimensional pneumatic adjustment component (51) is installed between the processing table (1) and the movable carrier plate (21). The two-dimensional pneumatic adjustment component (51) is positioned according to the vision camera (54) to move the movable carrier plate (21) on the processing table (1) in the X-axis and Y-axis directions, so that the metallized hole (42) is roughly positioned to the milling station. The adaptive fine-tuning connector (52) is installed between the movable carrier plate (21) and the fixed mold base (22). The calibration plug (53) is set at the bottom of the milling station. The calibration plug (53) moves upward and inserts into the metallized hole (42), so that the fixed mold base (22) moves adaptively horizontally in the movable carrier plate (21) through the adaptive fine-tuning connector (52), so that the metallized hole (42) is precisely aligned with the milling station. The movable carrier plate (21) has a linear groove (213) on its side. A slide rail (514) is fixedly installed inside the linear groove (213). The adaptive fine-tuning connector (52) includes a slider (521) that is slidably connected to the outer surface of the slide rail (514). A memory spring (525) is provided between the slider (521) and the inner wall of the linear groove (213). A connecting tube (522) is fixedly installed on the outer end face of the slider (521). A sliding shaft (523) is movably inserted into the connecting tube (522). An assembly block (524) is fixedly connected to the other end of the sliding shaft (523). An assembly groove (225) is opened on the side of the fixed mold base (22). The assembly block (524) is fixedly installed in the assembly groove (225) by screws.

2. The PCB milling step equipment for avoiding metallized hole tearing and burrs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two-dimensional pneumatic adjustment component (51) includes two sets of linear cylinders (511) fixedly installed at the bottom of the processing table (1), and the two sets of linear cylinders (511) are distributed perpendicularly to each other. A slide groove (12) is provided on the processing table (1). A connecting arm (512) is fixedly installed at the output end of the linear cylinder (511), and a movable connecting block (513) is fixedly installed at the end of the connecting arm (512). The movable connecting block (513) is slidably connected to the slide rail (514).

3. The PCB milling step equipment for avoiding metallized hole tearing and burrs according to claim 2, characterized in that, The top of the movable carrier plate (21) is provided with a groove (212), the fixed mold base (22) is movably disposed in the groove (212), and a cover plate (23) is movably placed on the top of the groove (212). The cover plate (23) is used to cover the gap between the groove (212) and the fixed mold base (22), and a magnetic insertion rod (232) is fixedly disposed at the bottom of the cover plate (23). The magnetic insertion rod (232) is movably inserted into the movable carrier plate (21). The linear groove (213) is connected to the groove (212). One end of the adaptive fine-tuning connector (52) is slidably disposed on the slide rail (514), and the other end of the adaptive fine-tuning connector (52) is fixedly installed with the fixed mold base (22).

4. The PCB milling step equipment for avoiding metallized hole tearing and burrs according to claim 3, characterized in that, The top of the fixed mold base (22) is provided with a workpiece limiting groove (222), the PCB board (4) is placed in the workpiece limiting groove (222), the middle part of the workpiece limiting groove (222) is provided with a rectangular opening (223), and the four corners of the workpiece limiting groove (222) are provided with vacuum adsorption holes (224). The bottom of the vacuum adsorption hole (224) is fixedly connected with a vacuum guide pipe (226), and the vacuum guide pipe (226) is used to connect an external vacuum pump so that the vacuum adsorption hole (224) adsorbs and fixes the PCB board (4) in the workpiece limiting groove (222) by negative pressure.

5. The PCB milling step equipment for avoiding metallized hole tearing and burrs according to claim 4, characterized in that, The movable carrier plate (21) has a connecting groove (214) in the middle, and a magnetic block (215) is fixedly provided at the bottom of the movable carrier plate (21). The magnetic block (215) is slidably disposed on the processing table (1) and the magnetic block (215) is attracted and fixed to the processing table (1) so that there is a gap between the movable carrier plate (21) and the processing table (1). The bottom of the processing table (1) has a wire hole (13). The vacuum gas guide tube (226) passes through the wire hole (13) and extends into the gap so that when the movable carrier plate (21) slides on the processing table (1), the vacuum gas guide tube (226) moves in the gap, and the top end of the vacuum gas guide tube (226) passes through the connecting groove (214).

6. The PCB milling step equipment for avoiding metallized hole tearing and burrs according to claim 5, characterized in that, The calibration plug-in (53) includes a lifting cylinder (531) fixedly installed at the bottom of the processing table (1). The output end of the lifting cylinder (531) is fixedly connected to a push rod (532). The top of the push rod (532) is integrally formed with a positioning pin (533). The top of the positioning pin (533) is provided with an inclined groove (534). A stepped boss is naturally formed between the push rod (532) and the positioning pin (533). The positioning pin (533) is inserted into the metallized hole (42) through the inclined groove (534) so ​​that the PCB board (4) can move horizontally adaptively for calibration and positioning. The push rod (532) pushes the PCB board (4) out of the workpiece limiting groove (222) through the stepped boss.

7. The PCB milling step equipment for avoiding metallized hole tearing and burrs according to claim 6, characterized in that, The milling and spruing mechanism (3) includes a gantry frame (31) fixedly mounted on the processing table (1). A mounting bracket (32) is fixedly mounted in the middle of the gantry frame (31). Stroke cylinders (33) are fixedly mounted on the top of both sides of the mounting bracket (32). A motor base (37) is fixedly connected to the output end of the stroke cylinder (33). A servo motor (34) is fixedly embedded in the motor base (37). A milling cutter head (36) and a sprue head (35) are fixedly mounted on the output ends of the two sets of servo motors (34). A guide rail (38) is integrally formed on the outer wall of the mounting bracket (32). The motor base (37) is slidably mounted on the guide rail (38). The vision camera (54) is fixedly mounted on the gantry frame (31).

8. A PCB milling step method to avoid metallized hole tearing and burrs, based on the PCB milling step equipment to avoid metallized hole tearing and burrs as described in claim 7, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1. Select a milling cutter based on the inner diameter of the adjusting inner hole. The diameter of the milling cutter should be 0.1 mm larger than the diameter of the small hole. S2. Position the small hole inside the step to ensure that the center of the small hole coincides with the center of the milling cutter groove; S3. Adjust the milling cutter feed depth according to the step depth, which should be 0.1mm greater than the step depth; S4. Mill the holes one by one using a milling cutter; S5. After all the small holes are milled, the PCB is then routerd with a router tool to create steps.

9. A PCB milling step system for avoiding metallized hole tearing and burrs, used to control the PCB milling step equipment for avoiding metallized hole tearing and burrs according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, It includes a control module, a vision module and an execution module. The control module includes a PLC controller or an industrial computer. The vision module includes a vision camera (54). The execution module includes a linear cylinder (511), a lifting cylinder (531), a stroke cylinder (33), a servo motor (34) and an external vacuum pump.

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