An elongated shaft deep hole machining apparatus and method

Abstract

The application relates to an elongated shaft deep hole machining device and method, and belongs to the technical field of deep hole machining. The device comprises a slide rail and sequentially arranged drill bit movement modules, supporting modules and workpiece movement modules on the slide rail. The drill bit movement module comprises a drill bit and a first driving mechanism for driving the drill bit to rotate. The workpiece movement module comprises a workpiece to be machined and a clamping head. The shank of the drill bit is further sleeved with a magnetic resistance vibration suppression module for suppressing drill bit vibration. A uniformly arranged laser array is arranged around the side surface of the workpiece to be machined and is used for emitting a laser array to the side surface of the workpiece to be machined. The supporting module comprises a supporting seat for supporting the middle part of the workpiece to be machined and a supporting plate for supporting the drill rod part of the drill bit. The application solves the influence of drill bit vibration and local heating through electromagnetic vibration suppression and thermal field balance compensation, and improves the precision of deep hole machining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of deep hole machining technology, specifically to a deep hole machining equipment and method for slender shafts. Background Technology

[0002] Deep hole machining of slender shafts refers to the technique of machining highly perpendicular through holes inside slender shafts. The ratio of the depth to the diameter of the inner hole is usually greater than 6. Due to the extreme slenderness of the product, the vibration and heat generated by the drill bit during ordinary vertical drilling will significantly affect the machining accuracy.

[0003] Patent CN222520633U discloses a horizontal machining center that facilitates deep hole machining. It uses an additional stabilizing structure to keep the workpiece stable, and simultaneously sprays cutting fluid at the point where the drill bit is about to touch the workpiece to achieve localized cooling. However, the drill bit used in deep hole machining still suffers from vibration, the cooling effect of the cutting fluid is insufficient, and the machining accuracy of deep holes still needs improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention discloses a deep hole machining equipment and method for slender shafts, which solves the impact of drill bit vibration and localized heating on machining accuracy through electromagnetic vibration suppression and thermal field balance compensation.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: On one hand, this invention discloses a deep hole machining device for slender shafts, including a slide rail and a drill bit motion module, a support module, and a workpiece motion module placed sequentially on the slide rail. The drill bit motion module includes a drill bit and a first drive mechanism for driving the drill bit to rotate. The workpiece motion module includes a workpiece to be machined and a clamping head for clamping the workpiece to be machined. The shank of the drill bit is also fitted with a magnetoresistive vibration damping module for suppressing drill bit vibration. A uniformly arranged laser array is arranged around the side of the workpiece to be machined for emitting laser arrays onto the side surface of the workpiece to be machined. The support module includes a support bracket for supporting the middle part of the workpiece to be machined and a support plate for supporting the drill rod part of the drill bit. The support plate is provided with a drill rod bearing, and the support plate is connected to the drill rod of the drill bit through the drill rod bearing.

[0006] Preferably, the workpiece motion module further includes a second drive mechanism for driving the workpiece to be processed to rotate. The rotation direction of the workpiece to be processed is opposite to the rotation direction of the drill bit, replacing part of the drill bit's momentum and reducing drill bit vibration. The rotation axis of the workpiece to be processed coincides with the rotation axis of the drill bit, ensuring processing accuracy.

[0007] Preferably, the first drive mechanism and the second drive mechanism have the same structure, both including a motor, a transmission belt and a transmission support. The transmission support is provided with a transmission shaft. One end of the transmission shaft is connected to the output shaft of the motor through the transmission belt, and the other end is connected to the drill bit shank or a clamping head. The two drive mechanisms provide torque force to the drill bit and the workpiece to be processed. The clamping head is easy to replace to adapt to different workpieces to be processed.

[0008] Preferably, the workpiece to be processed is a rod-shaped workpiece, and the length-to-diameter ratio of the drill bit is greater than 6, which meets the requirements for deep hole processing.

[0009] Preferably, the magnetoresistive vibration suppression module includes a built-in electromagnetic damper for suppressing axial vibration of the drill bit, an external electromagnetic damper for suppressing radial vibration of the drill bit, a magnetic field coil for providing an external magnetic field for all electromagnetic dampers, and at least one rangefinder for measuring the displacement change on the surface of the drill bit and drill rod.

[0010] Preferably, the device further includes a cutting fluid module, which includes a cutting fluid nozzle with a solenoid valve that sprays cutting fluid in the form of a medium-frequency pulse jet. The spray frequency of the cutting fluid is 800~1200Hz. The pulse jet can enhance chip removal efficiency. Within the frequency range, the vibration amplitude is the largest and the chip removal effect is the best. At the same time, the cutting fluid also has a certain cooling effect, which can reduce the local temperature of the processing area, thereby reducing the temperature difference between different areas of the workpiece to be processed.

[0011] Preferably, at least two guide rods are provided between the support base and the drill bit movement module. At least two support plates are provided on the guide rods at certain intervals. The support plates are provided with through holes for the drill bit to pass through, and the drill rod bearing is installed in the through holes. The multi-point support formed by multiple support plates effectively reduces drill rod deformation and improves machining accuracy.

[0012] Preferably, the drill bit motion module, support module, and workpiece motion module are all mounted on the slide rail via sliders, and a slider fixing seat is installed next to the slide rail for fixing the slider; at least two lead screws for controlling the movement of the slider are also installed between the slide rails, which facilitates the position adjustment and movement of each module, and the lead screw transmission ensures the movement accuracy.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes a control module, which is connected to other modules and is used to control the operation of the equipment according to set parameters to realize automated control of the processing process.

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention also discloses a method for machining deep holes in slender shafts based on the above-mentioned device, comprising the following steps: S1. Install the workpiece to be processed, adjust the position of the workpiece motion module and the support module so that the support module is located in the middle of the workpiece and close to the end face to be processed; the second drive mechanism drives the workpiece to be processed to rotate, adjust the installation of the workpiece to be processed until the vibration displacement of both ends of the workpiece during rotation is within 0.005mm, and fix the two sliders that load the workpiece motion module and the support module to the slider fixing seat. S2. Install the drill bit. The first drive mechanism drives the drill bit to rotate, obtain the reading changes of all rangefinders, calculate the difference between the actual reading changes and the theoretical reading changes, and adjust the installation of the drill bit until the fluctuation range of the reading difference is less than the preset threshold. S3. The first drive mechanism and the second drive mechanism drive the drill bit and the workpiece to be processed to rotate at a set speed, respectively. The drill bit motion module moves towards the workpiece motion module at a uniform speed through the lead screw. The drill bit processes a deep hole on the end face of the workpiece. While processing the deep hole, the cutting fluid module, the magnetoresistive vibration damping module and the laser array are activated. The rangefinder in the magnetoresistive vibration damping module monitors the vibration of the drill bit in real time. After analysis by the control module, the damping magnitude of the external electromagnetic damper at different radial angles is adjusted to minimize the difference between the actual reading and the theoretical reading of the rangefinder.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention integrates a magnetoresistive vibration damping module into the drill bit shank. A rangefinder monitors the vibration during drill bit rotation, and after analysis and calculation, an optimal electromagnetic damping combination is used to counteract the axial and radial vibrations of the drill bit. The invention also uses a solenoid valve to regulate the cutting fluid flow rate, achieving pulsed jets at a specific frequency to enhance chip removal. Furthermore, a laser array is used to uniformly heat the workpiece, reducing the temperature difference between the machined and non-machined areas, thereby minimizing gradient deformation caused by cutting heat. Finally, a support module provides support at multiple points in the middle of the drill bit, employing special drill bit bearings to prevent damage to the high-speed rotating drill bit. Simultaneously, the support module also supports the middle of the workpiece, enhancing its stability. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a deep hole machining equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the drill bit motion module according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the workpiece motion module according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the support module and the cutting fluid module according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the magnetoresistive vibration suppression module in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure label: 1-Tabletop, 2-Slide rail, 3-Slider, 4-Drill bit motion module, 5-Workpiece motion module, 6-Support module, 7-Magnetic reluctance vibration damping module, 8-Cutting fluid module, 9-Control module, 10-Lead screw, 11-Slider fixing seat, 12-Photoelectric detector, 401-First support, 402-First drive mechanism, 403-Drill bit, 4021-First motor, 4022-First transmission belt, 4023-First transmission support, 501-Second support, 502-Second drive mechanism, 503-Clamping head, 504-Workpiece to be processed, 5021-Second motor, 5022-Second transmission belt, 5023-Second transmission support 601-Support bracket, 602-Guide rod, 603-Support plate, 604-Drill rod bearing, 701-Magnetic field coil, 702-Built-in electromagnetic damper, 703-External electromagnetic damper, 704-Range measuring instrument. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided below.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, a deep hole machining device for slender shafts includes a table 1, a slide rail 2, sliders 3, a drill bit motion module 4, a workpiece motion module 5, a support module 6, a magnetoresistive vibration damping module 7, a cutting fluid module 8, and a control module 9. The slide rail 2 is fixed to the table 1, and several sliders 3 are slidably mounted on the slide rail 2. The drill bit motion module 4, workpiece motion module 5, and support module 6 are respectively fixed to three sets of sliders 3, with the support module 6 located between the drill bit motion module 4 and the workpiece motion module 5. A lead screw 10 is also provided in the middle of the slide rail 2, allowing the three sets of sliders 3, each equipped with the drill bit motion module 4, workpiece motion module 5, and support module 6, to be independently adjusted in position via the lead screw 10. A slider fixing seat 11 is also provided on one side of the slide rail 2 on the table 1. The slider fixing seat 11 is used to fix the sliders 3 to prevent the workpiece motion module 5 or support module 6 mounted on the sliders 3 from shifting during machining. The sliders 3 and slider fixing seats 11 are connected by screws. Two photoelectric detectors 12 are also provided on the other side of the slide rail 2 to detect whether the drill bit movement module 4 has passed the starting point and ending point of the processing.

[0020] like Figure 2As shown, the drill bit motion module 4 includes a first support 401, a first drive mechanism 402, and a drill bit 403 (not shown in the figure). The first support 401 is slidably connected to the slide rail 2 via a slider 3. The first drive mechanism 402 is fixedly mounted on the first support 401, and the end of the drill bit 403 is fixed to the output end of the first drive mechanism 402. The first drive mechanism 402 includes a first motor 4021, a first transmission belt 4022, and a first transmission support 4023. A transmission shaft is provided inside the first transmission support 4023. One end of the transmission shaft is connected to the output shaft of the first motor 4021 via the first transmission belt 4022, and the other end is connected to the shank of the drill bit 403. The first transmission belt 4022 is covered with a protective shell. The shank of the drill bit 403 refers to the part without the spiral groove. The output torque of the first motor 4021 of the first drive mechanism 402 is transmitted to the drill bit 403 sequentially through the first transmission belt 4022 and the first transmission support 4023, thereby driving the drill bit 403 to rotate.

[0021] like Figure 3 As shown, the workpiece motion module 5 includes a second support 501, a second drive mechanism 502, a clamping head 503, and a workpiece 504 to be processed (not shown in the figure). The second support 501 is slidably connected to the slide rail 2 via a slider 3. The second drive mechanism 502 is fixedly mounted on the second support 501, and the clamping head 503 is fixedly mounted on the output end of the second drive mechanism 502. The end of the workpiece 504 to be processed is clamped in the clamping head 503. The drill rod of the drill bit 403 and the middle part of the workpiece 504 to be processed are connected to the support module 6. The support module 6 is used to enhance the stability of the drill bit 403 and the workpiece 504 to be processed and reduce the impact of mechanical vibration on the processing accuracy. In this embodiment, the workpiece 504 to be processed is a slender tungsten alloy shaft workpiece, and the drill bit 403 is a specially made long twist drill with a length-to-diameter ratio greater than 180. The central axis of the workpiece 504 to be processed coincides with that of the drill bit 403, and the axial direction is set as the processing direction. The processing direction is the same as the direction of the slide rail 2. The second drive mechanism 502 has a structure basically the same as the first drive mechanism 402, and the two are arranged opposite each other. One end of the drive shaft is connected to an internal motor, and the other end is connected to a clamping head 503, which is used to clamp the workpiece 504 to be processed. The output torque of the first motor 4021 of the first drive mechanism 402 is transmitted to the workpiece 504 to be processed through the first transmission belt 4022, the first transmission support 4023, and the clamping head 503 in sequence, thereby driving the workpiece 504 to rotate. The rotation direction of the workpiece 504 is opposite to the rotation direction of the drill bit 403.

[0022] like Figure 4As shown, the support module 6 includes a support base 601, guide rods 602, support plates 603, and drill rod bearings 604. The support base 601 is connected to the slide rail 2 via a slider 3. The support base 601 has a hole in which a bearing is installed. The bearing connects to the end of the workpiece 504 to be processed, providing support and reducing deformation due to gravity, while not affecting the rotation of the workpiece 504. Two guide rods 602 are slidably arranged between the first support 401 and the support base 601. Two support plates 603 are fixedly arranged on the two guide rods 602 at a certain distance. The guide rods 602 are in the same direction as the processing direction, and the support plates 603 are perpendicular to the processing direction. A hole is opened in the center of the support plate 603, in which a drill rod bearing 604 is installed. The drill bit 403 passes through the drill rod bearings 604 on the two support plates 603. The drill pipe bearing 604 has several balls installed inside. The balls are engaged with the spiral grooves on the surface of the drill bit 403. When the drill bit 403 rotates, the balls are engaged in the spiral grooves of the drill bit 403 and roll, thereby providing support for the drill bit 403 without affecting its rotation and enhancing the stability of the drill bit 403.

[0023] The magnetoresistive vibration damping module 7 is fixed to the first transmission support 4023 of the first drive mechanism 402, and includes a magnetic field coil 701, a built-in electromagnetic damper 702, an external electromagnetic damper 703, and a rangefinder 704. The built-in electromagnetic damper 702 is disposed inside the first transmission support 4023 of the first drive mechanism 402, sleeved on the fixed end of the drill bit 403, with damping direction in the axial direction of the drill bit 403, used to suppress axial vibration of the drill bit 403. The external electromagnetic damper 703 contains multiple vibrating heads that contact the drill bit 403, and the vibrating heads are arranged around the drill rod near the fixed end of the drill bit 403, with damping direction in the radial direction of the drill bit 403, used to suppress radial vibration of the drill bit 403. The external electromagnetic damper 703 is fixed to the drill bit 403 by bolts. A magnetic field coil 701 is arranged around the periphery of the built-in electromagnetic damper 702 and the external electromagnetic damper 703, providing an axial magnetic field for the built-in electromagnetic damper 702 and the external electromagnetic damper 703. There are two rangefinders 704, respectively mounted on the two support plates 603 of the support module 6, as shown below. Figure 4The rangefinder 704 is used to detect the radial vibration amplitude at multiple positions of the drill bit 403 and drill rod. Based on the vibration amplitude of the drill bit 403, the control module 9 can adjust the electromagnetic damping intensity of the external electromagnetic damper 703 at different radial angles to minimize the vibration amplitude of the drill bit 403. In this embodiment, the rangefinder 704 specifically adopts a laser rangefinder. Its actual reading is the change in distance between the laser rangefinder and the surface of the drill bit 403. The difference between the actual reading change and the theoretical reading change represents the vibration of the drill bit 403 at the measured position, and the amplitude of the difference change is the vibration amplitude. The theoretical reading change is obtained based on the drill bit geometry, drill bit rotation speed, and the distance between the drill bit surface and the laser rangefinder when stationary, without considering drill bit vibration.

[0024] The laser array is used to emit a uniform laser beam with a wavelength of 980 nm onto the surface of the workpiece 504. It includes multiple laser generators arranged in a rectangular grid around the workpiece 504, mounted on a rigid support, with the laser beam directed towards the workpiece 504. Due to the continuous heating effect of the laser array, the workpiece 504 will maintain a high temperature during processing; therefore, the size of the drill bit 403 needs to consider the thermal expansion of the workpiece 504. ,in The target pore size at room temperature. The coefficient of thermal expansion is This represents the temperature difference between the machining area of ​​the workpiece and room temperature. In traditional machining, the machining area of ​​workpiece 504 generates high temperatures due to cutting friction, creating a significant temperature difference with other areas of the workpiece and leading to thermal deformation. This solution uses a laser array to uniformly heat the entire workpiece 504, raising its overall temperature and stabilizing it at a preset value, thus reducing the temperature difference and minimizing the impact of thermal deformation. Verification has shown that workpieces machined with deep holes using this solution have dimensions that closely match the target dimensions after cooling and shrinkage, making it suitable for deep hole machining of precision workpieces.

[0025] like Figure 4As shown, a cutting fluid module 8 is installed on a support plate 603 near the workpiece 504 in the equipment. This module includes a cutting fluid nozzle, a cutting fluid pipeline, and a solenoid valve. The cutting fluid nozzle is connected to the outside via a serpentine tube. The solenoid valve is installed on the cutting fluid pipeline. The solenoid valve repeatedly opens and closes at a set cutting fluid impact frequency, causing the cutting fluid nozzle to spray a medium-frequency pulse jet of cutting fluid. The set frequency is in the range of 800~1200Hz. When the coolant flow rate changes rapidly, a pressure wave is generated in the fluid. This pressure wave reflects after contacting the cavity being machined. At the set cutting fluid impact frequency, the pressure wave frequency matches the natural acoustic frequency of the cavity. The reflected wave and the incident wave coherently superimpose to form a standing wave and resonate. At this point, the amplitude of the standing wave reaches its maximum, resulting in the strongest chip removal effect. The chip removal effect varies at different positions of the standing wave. The oscillation amplitude is largest at the antinodes, generating a strong periodic impact force that washes over the bottom and sidewalls of the hole, thereby loosening the chips. The oscillation amplitude is smallest at the nodes, mainly forming the reciprocating motion of the fluid. To further enhance chip removal, this embodiment has a diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating on the surface of drill bit 403 to reduce cutting residue.

[0026] The control module 9 includes a control circuit and a control terminal. The control terminal is used to receive parameters such as the cutting fluid impact frequency and motor speed set by the user. The control circuit controls the operation of other modules according to the set parameters. The control circuit also receives the output of the measuring device, analyzes its readings, and controls the damping magnitude of the built-in electromagnetic damper 702 and the external electromagnetic damper 703.

[0027] Example 2 Based on the aforementioned deep hole machining equipment for slender shafts, this embodiment discloses a method for machining deep holes in slender shafts, comprising the following steps: S1. Mount the workpiece 504 to be processed on the clamping head 503. Adjust the position of the workpiece motion module 5 and the support module 6 by using the lead screw 10, so that the support module 6 is positioned in the middle of the entire workpiece 504, close to the end face to be processed, to prevent the slender workpiece 504 from deforming due to its own weight. The second drive mechanism 502 drives the workpiece 504 to rotate. Use a dial indicator to detect the displacement generated by the vibration at both ends of the workpiece 504 during rotation. Adjust the assembly until the vibration displacement is within 0.005mm, thereby ensuring that the rotation axis of the workpiece 504 is highly coincident with the geometric center axis. Fix the two sliders 3 that hold the workpiece motion module 5 and the support module 6 to the slider fixing seat 11. S2. Install drill bit 403. The first drive mechanism 402 drives drill bit 403 to rotate and obtain the reading changes of two laser rangefinders 704. The difference between the actual reading change and the theoretical reading change during the rotation of drill bit 403 is calculated. The fluctuation range of the difference is the vibration of drill bit 403 at the measured position. After determining that the fluctuation range of the difference is less than the preset threshold, the first drive mechanism 402 is paused and drill bit 403 is fixed by tightening the fixing screws. S3. Start the first drive mechanism 402 and the second drive mechanism 502, respectively drive the drill bit 403 and the workpiece 504 to be processed to rotate at the set speed. The drill bit 403 and the workpiece 504 rotate in opposite directions. The drill bit motion module 4 is moved closer to the workpiece motion module 5 at a constant speed through the lead screw 10, and a deep hole is processed on the end face of the workpiece 504. While machining deep holes, the cutting fluid nozzle is aimed at the machining position and sprays cutting fluid in the form of a medium-frequency pulse jet. While machining deep holes, the laser rangefinder 704 monitors the vibration of the drill bit 403 in real time. After analysis and calculation by the control module 9, the electromagnetic coil is turned on to counteract the vibration of the drill bit 403. While machining deep holes, the laser array emits a uniform laser array towards the workpiece 504 to be machined, uniformly heating the entire workpiece 504. The output energy of the laser is 300~600W / cm.

[0028] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A deep hole machining device for slender shafts, characterized in that, The system includes a slide rail and a drill bit motion module, a support module, and a workpiece motion module sequentially placed on the slide rail. The drill bit motion module includes a drill bit and a first drive mechanism for driving the drill bit to rotate. The workpiece motion module includes a workpiece to be processed and a clamping head for holding the workpiece. The shank of the drill bit is also fitted with a magnetoresistive vibration damping module for suppressing drill bit vibration. A uniformly arranged laser array is arranged around the side of the workpiece to be processed for emitting laser arrays onto the side surface of the workpiece. The support module includes a support bracket for supporting the middle part of the workpiece to be processed and a support plate for supporting the drill rod part of the drill bit. The support plate is provided with a drill rod bearing, and the support plate is connected to the drill rod of the drill bit through the drill rod bearing. The magnetoresistive vibration suppression module includes a built-in electromagnetic damper for suppressing axial vibration of the drill bit, an external electromagnetic damper for suppressing radial vibration of the drill bit, a magnetic field coil for providing an external magnetic field to all electromagnetic dampers, and at least one rangefinder for measuring the displacement change on the surface of the drill bit and drill rod. The built-in electromagnetic damper is disposed inside the first transmission support of the first drive mechanism and sleeved on the fixed end of the drill bit, with the damping direction being the axial direction of the drill bit, for suppressing axial vibration of the drill bit. The external electromagnetic damper contains multiple vibrating heads that contact the drill bit, and the vibrating heads are arranged around the near-fixed end of the drill bit and drill rod, with the damping direction being the radial direction of the drill bit, for suppressing radial vibration of the drill bit. The external electromagnetic damper is fixed to the drill bit by bolts. The magnetic field coil is arranged around the periphery of the built-in electromagnetic damper and the external electromagnetic damper, providing an axial magnetic field to the built-in electromagnetic damper and the external electromagnetic damper. There are two rangefinders, which are respectively mounted on two support plates of the support module. The device also includes a cutting fluid module, which includes a cutting fluid nozzle with a solenoid valve that sprays cutting fluid in the form of a medium-frequency pulse jet, with the spray frequency of the cutting fluid being 800~1200Hz.

2. The deep hole machining equipment for slender shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The workpiece motion module also includes a second drive mechanism for driving the workpiece to be processed to rotate, wherein the rotation direction of the workpiece to be processed is opposite to the rotation direction of the drill bit; and the rotation axis of the workpiece to be processed coincides with the rotation axis of the drill bit.

3. The deep hole machining equipment for slender shafts according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first and second drive mechanisms have the same structure, both including a motor, a transmission belt and a transmission support. The transmission support is equipped with a transmission shaft. One end of the transmission shaft is connected to the output shaft of the motor through the transmission belt, and the other end is connected to the drill bit shank or the clamping head.

4. The deep hole machining equipment for slender shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The workpiece to be processed is a rod-shaped workpiece, and the length-to-diameter ratio of the drill bit is greater than 6.

5. The deep hole machining equipment for slender shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least two guide rods are provided between the support base and the drill bit movement module. At least two support plates are provided on the guide rods at certain intervals. The support plates are provided with through holes for the drill bit to pass through, and the drill rod bearings are installed in the through holes.

6. The deep hole machining equipment for slender shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drill bit motion module, support module, and workpiece motion module are all mounted on slide rails via sliders. A slider fixing seat is installed next to the slide rails to fix the sliders. At least two lead screws for controlling the movement of the sliders are also installed between the slide rails.

7. The deep hole machining equipment for slender shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a control module, which is connected to other modules and is used to control the operation of the equipment according to set parameters.

8. A method for machining deep holes in slender shafts based on the equipment described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Install the workpiece to be processed, adjust the position of the workpiece motion module and the support module so that the support module is located in the middle of the workpiece and close to the end face to be processed; the second drive mechanism drives the workpiece to be processed to rotate, adjust the installation of the workpiece to be processed until the vibration displacement of both ends of the workpiece during rotation is within 0.005mm, and fix the two sliders that load the workpiece motion module and the support module to the slider fixing seat. S2. Install the drill bit. The first drive mechanism drives the drill bit to rotate, obtain the reading changes of all rangefinders, calculate the difference between the actual reading changes and the theoretical reading changes, and adjust the installation of the drill bit until the fluctuation range of the reading difference is less than the preset threshold. S3. The first drive mechanism and the second drive mechanism drive the drill bit and the workpiece to be processed to rotate at a set speed, respectively. The drill bit motion module moves towards the workpiece motion module at a uniform speed through the lead screw. The drill bit processes a deep hole on the end face of the workpiece. While processing the deep hole, the cutting fluid module, the magnetoresistive vibration damping module and the laser array are activated. The rangefinder in the magnetoresistive vibration damping module monitors the vibration of the drill bit in real time. After analysis by the control module, the damping magnitude of the external electromagnetic damper at different radial angles is adjusted to minimize the difference between the actual reading and the theoretical reading of the rangefinder.

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