Cutterhead and tunneling equipment

Abstract

This invention provides a cutting roller and tunneling equipment, belonging to the field of tunnel construction. The cutting roller includes a cutter shaft, an end cap sleeved on the cutter shaft for axially pressing a bearing, and a locking structure on the cutter shaft for locking the end cap. The locking structure includes a bearing surface on the end cap or a pressure ring, and a slider and a pressure block interference-fitted between the bearing surface and the cutter shaft. A helical groove is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the cutter shaft. The slider includes a base and a mating protrusion embedded in the helical groove. The helical angle of the helical groove allows the mating protrusion and the inner wall of the helical groove to self-lock axially. The tunneling equipment includes the aforementioned cutting roller. This invention utilizes the mating protrusion on the slider and the helical groove on the cutter shaft to lock the end cap. Compared to threaded structures, the mating protrusion and helical groove have higher strength and are less prone to damage, which is beneficial for efficient and low-cost maintenance of the cutting roller.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel construction, and in particular relates to cutterheads and tunneling equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Cutting rollers are commonly used rock-breaking tools in tunneling equipment. When a cutting roller is damaged, it needs to be disassembled and repaired promptly. Generally, a bearing is installed between the cutter body and the cutter shaft of a cutting roller. The bearing is axially pressed by an end cover, and the end cover is locked to the cutter shaft by a lock nut. The lock nut and the cutter shaft are connected by threads that mate with each other. Therefore, when repairing a cutting roller, the lock nut needs to be unscrewed and removed from the cutter shaft first.

[0003] The operating conditions of hobbing cutters are quite harsh. On the one hand, the hobbing cutter itself is subjected to significant pressure and vibration impact during operation; on the other hand, falling rock fragments can also impact the hobbing cutter. Therefore, the threads on the locking nut or cutter shaft are very easily damaged during construction. Once the threads are damaged, the locking nut cannot be easily removed from the hobbing cutter. If only the locking nut is damaged, it is only necessary to break the damaged locking nut and replace it with a new one; however, if the threads on the cutter shaft are damaged, not only is it necessary to break the locking nut to remove the cutter body, but the entire cutter shaft will also be scrapped. The machining cost of the cutter shaft is high, and the scrapping of the cutter shaft will significantly increase the construction cost. Moreover, breaking the locking nut will take a lot of time, affecting construction efficiency.

[0004] Furthermore, the lock nut needs to be continuously tightened on the end cap; otherwise, a loose end cap will cause the cutter body to loosen, which will exacerbate the vibration of the entire hob and severely affect its service life. The continuous tightening of the lock nut on the end cap ensures that its position remains unchanged after tightening. The main reason the lock nut maintains its position is the frictional force generated between the internal thread of the lock nut and the external thread on the cutter shaft during tightening. During normal operation, the hob will vibrate. If this vibration causes even a slight rotation of the lock nut, the frictional force generated between the internal thread of the lock nut and the external thread on the cutter shaft will rapidly decrease, causing the lock nut to loosen quickly. This is detrimental to the hob's stable operation over a long period. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hob to solve the technical problems in the prior art, such as the high maintenance cost and low efficiency of the hob due to the easy damage to the threads on the locking nut and the cutter shaft, which affects the normal disassembly of the hob; and the poor locking reliability of the locking nut in the prior art.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide tunneling equipment to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution for the hobbing cutter provided by this invention is as follows:

[0008] A hob includes a cutter shaft and an end cover sleeved on the cutter shaft for axially pressing a bearing. The cutter shaft is provided with a locking structure for locking the end cover. The locking structure includes a pressure ring that presses against the end cover axially. The end face of the pressure ring axially away from the end cover has a mounting groove or mounting protrusion. The mounting groove or mounting protrusion has a bearing surface facing the cutter shaft. The locking structure also includes a slider and a pressure block that are interference-fitted between the bearing surface and the cutter shaft. The slider is located close to the cutter shaft, and the pressure block is located close to the bearing surface. The outer circumferential surface of the cutter shaft is provided with a helical groove. The slider includes a base and a mating protrusion embedded in the helical groove. The helical length of the helical groove is greater than the helical length of the mating protrusion. The helical angle of the helical groove satisfies the requirement that the mating protrusion and the inner wall of the helical groove can self-lock axially.

[0009] As a further improvement, a connection structure is provided on the axial end face of the pressure block away from the pressure ring for detachable connection with the pull rod in the disassembly tool of the pressure block, so that the pressure block can be removed axially by the disassembly tool.

[0010] As a further improvement, the connection structure is an axially extending threaded hole for threaded connection with the pull rod on the disassembly tool.

[0011] As a further improvement, the axial dimension of the mating protrusion is smaller than that of the base, and the end of the mating protrusion near the pressure ring is flush with the end face of the base near the pressure ring.

[0012] As a further improvement, the end cap is provided with an embedding groove for embedding the pressure ring, and the axial end faces of the end cap, the pressure ring, the pressure block and the slider are all flush.

[0013] The beneficial effects are as follows: The hob provided by this invention is an improvement over the prior art. The locking structure of this hob achieves locking of the end cap through the engagement of a mating protrusion on the slider and a helical groove on the cutter shaft. The mating protrusion and helical groove have higher strength than the threaded structure in the prior art, thus making them less prone to damage and not affecting the maintenance of the hob. Furthermore, the slider is pressed against the outer circumferential surface of the cutter shaft by an interference fit pressure block, making it difficult for the slider to slide circumferentially. This ensures that the slider remains in place not only due to the friction between the mating protrusion and the helical groove, but also due to the friction between the slider base and the cutter shaft. Therefore, the slider can stably and reliably maintain pressure on the pressure ring, achieving a lasting lock on the end cap and improving the locking reliability of the locking structure.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, another hobbing cutter technical solution provided by the present invention is:

[0015] A hob includes a cutter shaft and an end cap sleeved on the cutter shaft for axially pressing a bearing. The cutter shaft is provided with a locking structure for locking the end cap. The locking structure includes an assembly groove or assembly protrusion on the end face of the end cap, the assembly groove or assembly protrusion having a bearing surface facing the cutter shaft. The locking structure also includes a slider and a pressure block that are interference-fitted between the pressure surface and the cutter shaft. The slider is located close to the cutter shaft, and the pressure block is located close to the pressure surface. The outer circumferential surface of the cutter shaft is provided with a helical groove. The slider includes a base and a mating protrusion embedded in the helical groove. The helical length of the helical groove is greater than the helical length of the mating protrusion. The helical angle of the helical groove satisfies the requirement that the mating protrusion and the inner wall surface of the helical groove can self-lock axially.

[0016] As a further improvement, a connection structure is provided on the axial end face of the pressure block away from the pressure ring for detachable connection with the pull rod in the disassembly tool of the pressure block, so that the pressure block can be removed axially by the disassembly tool.

[0017] As a further improvement, the connection structure is an axially extending threaded hole for threaded connection with the pull rod on the disassembly tool.

[0018] As a further improvement, the axial dimension of the mating protrusion is smaller than that of the base, and the end of the mating protrusion near the pressure ring is flush with the end face of the base near the pressure ring.

[0019] The beneficial effects are as follows: The hob provided by this invention is an improvement over the prior art. The locking structure of this hob achieves locking of the end cap through the engagement of a mating protrusion on the slider and a helical groove on the cutter shaft. The mating protrusion and helical groove have higher strength than the threaded structure in the prior art, thus making them less prone to damage and not affecting the maintenance of the hob. Furthermore, the slider is pressed against the outer circumferential surface of the cutter shaft by an interference fit pressure block, making it difficult for the slider to slide circumferentially. Therefore, the slider's position is maintained not only by the friction between the mating protrusion and the helical groove, but also by the friction between the slider base and the cutter shaft. Thus, the slider can stably and reliably maintain pressure on the end cap, achieving a lasting lock on the end cap and improving the locking reliability of the locking structure.

[0020] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution for the tunneling equipment provided by this invention is as follows:

[0021] The tunneling equipment includes a cutter box, in which a hob is installed. The hob includes a cutter shaft and an end cover sleeved on the cutter shaft for axially pressing a bearing. The cutter shaft is provided with a locking structure for locking the end cover. The locking structure includes a pressure ring that presses against the end cover axially. The end face of the pressure ring axially away from the end cover has an assembly groove or assembly protrusion. The assembly groove or assembly protrusion has a bearing surface facing the cutter shaft. The locking structure also includes a slider and a pressure block that are interference-fitted between the bearing surface and the cutter shaft. The slider is located close to the cutter shaft, and the pressure block is located close to the bearing surface. The outer circumferential surface of the cutter shaft is provided with a helical groove. The slider includes a base and a mating protrusion embedded in the helical groove. The helical length of the helical groove is greater than the helical length of the mating protrusion. The helical angle of the helical groove satisfies the requirement that the mating protrusion and the inner wall of the helical groove can self-lock axially.

[0022] As a further improvement, a connection structure is provided on the axial end face of the pressure block away from the pressure ring for detachable connection with the pull rod in the disassembly tool of the pressure block, so that the pressure block can be removed axially by the disassembly tool.

[0023] As a further improvement, the connection structure is an axially extending threaded hole for threaded connection with the pull rod on the disassembly tool.

[0024] As a further improvement, the axial dimension of the mating protrusion is smaller than that of the base, and the end of the mating protrusion near the pressure ring is flush with the end face of the base near the pressure ring.

[0025] As a further improvement, the end cap is provided with an embedding groove for embedding the pressure ring, and the axial end faces of the end cap, the pressure ring, the pressure block and the slider are all flush.

[0026] The beneficial effects are as follows: The tunneling equipment provided by this invention is an improvement on the prior art. In this tunneling equipment, the locking structure of the cutter head achieves locking of the end cover through the engagement of the mating protrusion on the slider and the helical groove on the cutter shaft. Compared with the threaded structure in the prior art, the mating protrusion and helical groove have higher strength and are therefore less prone to damage, thus not affecting the maintenance of the cutter head. In addition, the slider is pressed against the outer circumferential surface of the cutter shaft by an interference fit pressure block, making it difficult for the slider to slide in the circumferential direction. Thus, the slider is kept in place not only by the friction between the mating protrusion and the helical groove, but also by the friction between the slider base and the cutter shaft. Therefore, the slider can stably and reliably maintain the pressure on the pressure ring, achieving a lasting lock on the end cover and improving the locking reliability of the locking structure.

[0027] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution for the tunneling equipment provided by this invention is as follows:

[0028] A tunneling device includes a cutterhead, within which a cutterhead is installed. The cutterhead includes a cutter shaft and an end cover sleeved on the cutter shaft for axially pressing a bearing. The cutter shaft is provided with a locking structure for locking the end cover. The locking structure includes an assembly groove or assembly protrusion on the end face of the end cover, the assembly groove or assembly protrusion having a bearing surface facing the cutter shaft. The locking structure also includes a slider and a pressure block that are interference-fitted between the bearing surface and the cutter shaft. The slider is positioned close to the cutter shaft, and the pressure block is positioned close to the bearing surface. A helical groove is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the cutter shaft. The slider includes a base and a mating protrusion embedded in the helical groove. The helical length of the helical groove is greater than the helical length of the mating protrusion, and the helical angle of the helical groove satisfies the requirement that the mating protrusion and the inner wall of the helical groove can self-lock axially.

[0029] As a further improvement, a connection structure is provided on the axial end face of the pressure block away from the pressure ring for detachable connection with the pull rod in the disassembly tool of the pressure block, so that the pressure block can be removed axially by the disassembly tool.

[0030] As a further improvement, the connection structure is an axially extending threaded hole for threaded connection with the pull rod on the disassembly tool.

[0031] As a further improvement, the axial dimension of the mating protrusion is smaller than that of the base, and the end of the mating protrusion near the pressure ring is flush with the end face of the base near the pressure ring.

[0032] The beneficial effects are as follows: The tunneling equipment provided by this invention is an improvement on the prior art. In this tunneling equipment, the locking structure of the cutter head achieves locking of the end cover through the engagement of the mating protrusion on the slider and the helical groove on the cutter shaft. Compared with the threaded structure in the prior art, the mating protrusion and helical groove have higher strength and are therefore less prone to damage, thus not affecting the maintenance of the cutter head. In addition, the slider is pressed against the outer circumferential surface of the cutter shaft by an interference fit pressure block, making it difficult for the slider to slide in the circumferential direction. Thus, the slider is kept in place not only by the friction between the mating protrusion and the helical groove, but also by the friction between the slider base and the cutter shaft. Therefore, the slider can stably and reliably maintain the pressure on the end cover, achieving a lasting lock on the end cover and improving the locking reliability of the locking structure. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the hobbing cutter in this invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cutter shaft in Embodiment 1 of the hob of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure ring structure in Embodiment 1 of the hobbing cutter of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the slider structure in Embodiment 1 of the hobbing cutter of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure block in Embodiment 1 of the hobbing cutter of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembly tool in Embodiment 1 of the hobbing cutter of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the state of disassembling the pressure block in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0040] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0041] 1. Cutter shaft; 101. Shaft collar; 102. Spiral groove; 2. Cutter body; 3. Bearing; 4. End cap; 5. Pressure ring; 51. Assembly groove; 52. Pressure bearing surface; 6. Slider; 61. Base; 62. Mating protrusion; 7. Pressure block; 71. Threaded hole; 8. Base; 9. Tie rod; 10. Motor; 11. Screw. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0043] Specific embodiment 1 of the hobbing cutter provided by the present invention:

[0044] The cutter head is installed in the cutter box of the tunneling equipment. When in use, the cutter head rolls and crushes the rock mass, applying strong pressure to the rock mass and causing it to fracture.

[0045] See appendix Figure 1 The hob mainly consists of a cutter shaft 1, a cutter body 2, a bearing 3, and end caps 4. The bearing 3 is located between the cutter shaft 1 and the cutter body 2, supporting the cutter body 2 and enabling it to rotate around the cutter shaft 1. There are two end caps 4, located at opposite axial ends of the cutter body 2, sealing the corresponding ends of the conductor. The end caps 4 primarily protect the bearing 3 and also press the inner ring of the bearing 3 axially to prevent the bearing 3 from shaking and affecting the hob's service life.

[0046] Combined with appendix Figure 2 One end cap 4 is axially stopped by a collar 101 formed on the cutter shaft 1, and the other end cap 4 is locked in place by a locking structure, so that the two end caps 4 can press tightly against the inner ring of the bearing 3 axially. The locking structure includes a pressure ring 5, a slider 6, and a pressure block 7. The pressure ring 5 is installed on the side of the end cap 4 axially away from the bearing 3 and abuts against the end cap 4. The slider 6 and the pressure block 7 are located on the side of the pressure ring 5 axially away from the end cap 4.

[0047] See appendix Figure 3An assembly groove 51 is provided on the end face of the pressure ring 5 away from the end cover 4 on the axial direction. The assembly groove 51 communicates with the inner hole of the pressure ring 5. The groove wall surface of the assembly groove 51 facing the cutter shaft 1 is the bearing surface 52. The assembly groove 51 is an arc-shaped structure, and its bearing surface 52 is also an arc-shaped surface. The slider 6 and the pressure block 7 are both set in the assembly groove 51 and are located between the bearing surface 52 and the cutter shaft 1.

[0048] The sliders 6 and pressure blocks 7 are arranged in groups, with each group including one slider 6 and one pressure block 7. Four assembly slots 51 are spaced apart along the circumference of the pressure ring 5, and each assembly slot 51 contains a corresponding group of sliders 6 and pressure blocks 7. See appendix. Figure 4 and attached Figure 5 Both slider 6 and pressure block 7 are arc-shaped structures and are arranged radially. Slider 6 is close to the cutter shaft 1, and pressure block 7 is close to the bearing surface 52. In other embodiments, three or six assembly slots 51 can be provided, and the number of assembly slots 51 can be set as needed.

[0049] See appendix Figure 2 and attached Figure 4 The outer circumferential surface of the cutter shaft 1 is provided with a spiral groove 102. The slider 6 includes a base 61 and a spiral mating protrusion 62 located radially inside the base 61. The mating protrusion 62 corresponds one-to-one with the spiral groove 102 and is embedded in it. The spiral length of the spiral groove 102 is greater than the spiral length of the mating protrusion 62, so that the mating protrusion 62 can slide spirally in the spiral groove 102. During assembly, the pressure ring 5 can be rotated to drive the slider 6 to rotate. During the rotation of the slider 6, it will move axially at the same time, thereby pushing the pressure ring 5 to move axially in turn, and finally pressing it against the end cover 4. Since the pressure block 7 has not been installed at this time, the tooling can be inserted into the mounting groove, and the pressure ring 5 can be rotated by applying a pushing force to the side wall of the mounting groove.

[0050] The helical angle of the spiral groove 102 satisfies the requirement that the mating protrusion 62 and the inner wall surface of the spiral groove 102 can self-lock along the axial direction. In this way, when the pressure ring 5 is subjected to the axial force of the end cover 4, it can transmit the force to the slider 6. The mating protrusion 62 of the slider 6 and the spiral groove 102 self-lock along the axial direction, thus maintaining the stable position of the pressure ring 5 and achieving reliable locking of the end cover 4.

[0051] The axial dimension of the mating protrusion 62 is smaller than that of the base 61, and the end of the mating protrusion 62 near the pressure ring 5 is flush with the axial end face of the base 61 near the pressure ring 5. This allows for a greater difference in the helical length between the helical groove 102 and the mating protrusion 62 without increasing the length of the helical groove 102, thus enabling the slider 6 to slide a longer distance. During assembly, the pressure ring 5 and the slider 6 need to press the end cap 4 together via helical movement. Since the axial movement generated by the helical movement of the pressure ring 5 and the slider 6 is relatively small, increasing the helical sliding distance of the slider 6 facilitates the axial pressing of the pressure ring 5 by helical movement after the slider 6 is installed, thereby pressing the end cap 4 together.

[0052] During assembly, the locking structure is assembled by first installing the pressure ring 5, then installing the slider 6, and finally press-fitting the pressure block 7 between the slider 6 and the bearing surface 52 using a forced fit. The pressure block 7 presses the slider 6 firmly onto the cutter shaft 1, maintaining a high pressure between them and increasing the frictional force required to overcome for the slider 6 to slide relative to the cutter shaft 1. This makes it difficult for the slider 6 to slide relative to the cutter shaft 1 in the circumferential direction, thus preventing the end cover 4 from loosening even if the hob vibrates during operation.

[0053] The hob is installed in the tool box. After the hob is installed, the side wall of the tool box and the wedge block block the axial side of the pressure ring 5. In this way, the guide side wall and the wedge block can stop and limit the pressure block 7, thereby preventing the pressure block 7 from coming out of the assembly groove 51. As long as the main pressure block 7 does not come out of the assembly groove 51, the pressure block 7 can continuously provide radial clamping force to the slider 6, preventing the slider 6 from moving.

[0054] When repairing the hobbing cutter, the pressure block 7 must first be removed from the mounting slot, after which the slider 6 and pressure ring 5 can be easily removed. The pressure block 7 can be disassembled using a special tool, the structure of which is shown in the appendix. Figure 6 It includes a base 8, a top shaft mechanism disposed on the base 8, and a pull rod 9 for pulling the pressure block 7. The top shaft mechanism is located at the center of the base 8 and is used to push the end face of the knife shaft 1 axially. The pull rod 9 is disposed around the top shaft mechanism and corresponds to the pressure block 7 and is used to pull the pressure block 7 axially.

[0055] In this embodiment, the pull rod 9 is specifically a threaded rod. The axial end face of the pressure block 7 is provided with a threaded hole 71 for threaded connection with the pull rod 9. The threaded hole 71 constitutes a connection structure for detachable connection with the pull rod 9 on the disassembly tool. See Appendix. Figure 7 When using this tool, first connect each pull rod 9 to the corresponding pressure block 7, and then use the top shaft mechanism to push the cutter shaft 1 circumferentially, so that each pressure block 7 can be naturally pulled out from the mounting slot.

[0056] The top shaft mechanism includes a motor 10 and a screw 11. The screw 11 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the motor 10. The center of the base 8 is provided with a mating hole that is threaded to the screw 11. After the motor 10 starts, it drives the screw 11 to rotate. During the rotation of the screw 11, it also undergoes axial displacement relative to the shaft of the base 8. When the screw 11 moves toward the cutter shaft 1, it will push the cutter shaft 1.

[0057] In other embodiments, the top shaft mechanism can also be a hydraulic cylinder, with the cylinder body fixedly mounted on the base 8, and the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder used to push the cutter shaft 1.

[0058] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the end cap 4 is provided with an embedding groove for the pressure ring 5 to be inserted. After assembly, the axial end face of the pressure ring 5 away from the end cap 4 is flush with the corresponding axial end face of the end cap 4, meaning the pressure ring 5 will not protrude from the end cap 4. Simultaneously, the end faces of the slider 6 and the pressure block 7 are also flush with the end face of the pressure ring 5, and the slider 6 and the pressure block 7 will not protrude from the end cap 4. Thus, the outer tube size of the hob remains unchanged compared to existing hobs, allowing it to be installed on existing tool boxes. Moreover, since the end cap 4 of existing hobs also has a groove for inserting a locking nut, this groove can be used as the embedding groove in this application. Therefore, when modifying an existing hob, it is not necessary to replace the end cap 4.

[0059] A sealing groove is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the pressure ring 5, and a sealing ring is provided in the sealing groove. The sealing ring is used to seal between the pressure ring 5 and the groove sidewall of the embedded groove on the end cap 4.

[0060] Compared to existing technologies, the mating protrusion on the slider 6 and the spiral groove 102 on the cutter shaft 1 are stronger than the threaded structure, making them less prone to damage during use. Even if the mating protrusion 62 on the slider 6 deforms or is sheared due to a large impact, maintenance personnel can easily remove the slider 6 radially after disassembling the pressure block 7 and replace it with a new slider 6, without affecting the overall disassembly efficiency of the hob. Furthermore, the cost is still lower than replacing the locking nut and cutter shaft 1 in existing technologies. Therefore, compared to existing technologies, the locking structure on this hob is less prone to damage and has a longer service life. Once the hob needs maintenance, the locking structure allows for quick disassembly and assembly, resulting in high maintenance efficiency and low maintenance costs.

[0061] Furthermore, compared to existing technologies, this hob retains the slider 6 in a constant position not only through the friction between the mating protrusion 62 and the spiral groove 102, but also through the friction between the slider 6 base 61 and the cutter shaft 1. Moreover, because a pressure block 7 is interference-fitted between the slider 6 and the pressure surface 52, the pressure block 7 maintains pressure between the slider 6 base 61 and the cutter shaft 1, resulting in greater friction and ensuring the stability of the slider 6, preventing positional displacement. As long as the pressure block 7 remains between the slider 6 and the pressure surface 52, the pressure between the slider 6 and the cutter shaft 1 will not change, and the friction will not decrease. Therefore, even if the slider 6 moves slightly due to vibration, the end cap 4 will not loosen rapidly.

[0062] Specific embodiment 2 of the hobbing cutter provided by the present invention:

[0063] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, but differs in that the pressure ring is provided with an assembly protrusion. The assembly protrusion is an arc-shaped strip protrusion, with its concave surface facing the cutter shaft and forming a bearing surface. The slider and pressure block are installed between the assembly protrusion and the cutter shaft, achieving the same effect. However, compared to Embodiment 1, both the slider and pressure block protrude from the pressure ring, resulting in a larger axial dimension for the remaining structures except the cutter shaft.

[0064] Specific embodiment 3 of the hobbing cutter provided by the present invention:

[0065] This embodiment is based on embodiment 1. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the base of the slider is only a concave arc surface on the side facing the cutter shaft, while the other sides are flat. The pressure block is a cuboid structure, and the assembly groove is also a rectangular groove with a matching shape.

[0066] The shapes of the pressure block, slider, and rectangular groove do not affect the achievement of the invention's objective. Curved sliders and pressure blocks distribute force more evenly, while rectangular pressure blocks and sliders with only one curved surface are easier to manufacture.

[0067] Specific embodiment 4 of the hobbing cutter provided by the present invention:

[0068] This embodiment is based on embodiment 1. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that there is no embedded groove on the end cap in this embodiment. After the pressure ring is pressed on the end cap, it will protrude from the end cap.

[0069] Specific embodiment 5 of the hobbing cutter provided by the present invention:

[0070] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, but differs in that the axial dimension of the mating protrusion is equal to the axial dimension of the base, and the two ends of the mating protrusion are flush with the two ends of the base. In this embodiment, the length of the spiral groove can be extended to increase the spiral sliding distance of the slider.

[0071] Specific embodiment 6 of the hobbing cutter provided by the present invention:

[0072] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1, but differs from Embodiment 1 in that the connecting structure in this embodiment is a locking hole provided on the pressure block. The locking hole includes an axially extending clearance section and a hook section extending perpendicularly to the axial direction. Correspondingly, the end of the pull rod is provided with a hook part extending perpendicularly to the main body of the pull rod. When disassembling the pressure block, the hook part is first inserted into the clearance section of the locking hole, passes through the clearance section and reaches the hook section, then the hook part is inserted into the hook section, and finally the pull rod is pulled axially so that the hook part and the hook section hook and engage with each other, thereby pulling out the pressure block.

[0073] Specific embodiment 7 of the hobbing cutter provided by the present invention:

[0074] This embodiment is based on embodiment 1. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that no connecting structure is provided on the pressure block in this embodiment, and no special pressure block disassembly tool is required when disassembling the pressure block.

[0075] In this embodiment, the circumferential dimension of the assembly groove is larger than that of the pressure block, so that there is a gap between the pressure block and the assembly groove in the circumferential direction. The operator can use tools such as pry bars to reach into the gap and pry the pressure block out of the assembly groove.

[0076] Specific embodiment 8 of the hobbing cutter provided by the present invention:

[0077] This embodiment is based on embodiment 1. The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the locking structure in this embodiment does not have a pressure ring, and the end cover is provided with an assembly groove. The slider and the pressure block are both installed in the assembly groove on the end cover.

[0078] Except for the different setting position, the structure and shape of the assembly groove in this embodiment are the same as those in embodiment 1. It also has a bearing surface facing the cutter shaft, and the pressure block is also interference-fitted between the bearing surface and the slider.

[0079] Specific embodiments of the tunneling equipment provided by the present invention:

[0080] The tunneling equipment is specifically a TBM, including a cutterhead and a cutter box mounted on the cutterhead, with roller cutters installed in the cutter box. The roller cutters are the same as those described in the above-described embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0081] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still make modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments without creative effort, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hob, comprising a cutter shaft, an end cover sleeved on the cutter shaft for axially pressing a bearing, and a locking structure on the cutter shaft for locking the end cover, characterized in that, The locking structure includes a pressure ring that presses against the end cover axially. The end face of the pressure ring axially away from the end cover is provided with an assembly groove or assembly protrusion. The assembly groove or assembly protrusion has a bearing surface facing the cutter shaft. The locking structure also includes a slider and a pressure block that are interference-fitted between the bearing surface and the cutter shaft. The slider is located close to the cutter shaft, and the pressure block is located close to the bearing surface. The outer circumferential surface of the cutter shaft is provided with a helical groove. The slider includes a base and a mating protrusion embedded in the helical groove. The helical length of the helical groove is greater than the helical length of the mating protrusion. The helical angle of the helical groove satisfies the requirement that the mating protrusion and the inner wall surface of the helical groove can self-lock axially.

2. The rolling cutter of claim 1 wherein, The axial end face of the pressure block away from the pressure ring is provided with a connecting structure for detachably connecting to the pull rod in the disassembly tool of the pressure block, so that the pressure block can be removed axially by the disassembly tool.

3. The rolling cutter according to claim 2, wherein The connection structure is an axially extending threaded hole, which is used to connect with the pull rod threaded on the disassembly tool.

4. A cutting tool according to any one of claims 1-3, characterised in that The axial dimension of the mating protrusion is smaller than that of the base, and the end of the mating protrusion near the pressure ring is flush with the end face of the base near the pressure ring.

5. A cutting tool according to any one of claims 1-3, characterised in that The end cap is provided with an embedding groove for embedding the pressure ring, and the axial end face of the end cap, the axial end face of the pressure ring, and the axial end faces of the pressure block and the slider are all flush.

6. A rolling cutter comprising a cutter shaft, an end cap arranged on the cutter shaft and used to press a bearing in an axial direction, and a locking structure arranged on the cutter shaft and used to lock the end cap, characterized in that, The locking structure includes an assembly groove or assembly protrusion on the end face of the end cap, the assembly groove or assembly protrusion having a bearing surface facing the cutter shaft. The locking structure also includes a slider and a pressure block that are interference-fitted between the bearing surface and the cutter shaft. The slider is located close to the cutter shaft and the pressure block is located close to the bearing surface. The outer circumferential surface of the cutter shaft is provided with a helical groove. The slider includes a base and a mating protrusion embedded in the helical groove. The helical length of the helical groove is greater than the helical length of the mating protrusion. The helical angle of the helical groove satisfies the requirement that the mating protrusion and the inner wall of the helical groove can self-lock axially.

7. The rolling cutter according to claim 6, wherein The axial end face of the pressure block away from the end cover is provided with a connection structure for detachably connecting to the pull rod in the disassembly tool of the pressure block, so that the pressure block can be removed axially by the disassembly tool.

8. The rolling cutter according to Claim 7 wherein, The connection structure is an axially extending threaded hole, which is used to connect with the pull rod threaded on the disassembly tool.

9. A cutting tool according to any one of claims 6-8, characterised in that The axial dimension of the protrusion is smaller than that of the base, and the end of the protrusion near the end cap is flush with the end face of the base near the end cap.

10. A tunneling apparatus comprising a cutter head, characterized by The tool box is equipped with a hob according to any one of claims 1-9.

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