A wave-absorbing damping support method based on wave-absorbing anchoring in deep engineering

Abstract

The application provides a wave-absorbing damping support method based on wave-absorbing anchoring in deep engineering, which comprises the following steps: obtaining the geological conditions, support parameters and wave impedance data of surrounding rock of a tunnel, and determining and dynamically adjusting the parameters of wave-absorbing group anchors based on the data. The wave-absorbing group anchor is composed of multiple groups of wave-absorbing damping rows, and each wave-absorbing damping row is composed of multiple wave-absorbing anchoring groups. The wave-absorbing damping rows in a section of the wave-absorbing group anchor are arranged in the axial complementary position of the tunnel, and form a continuous surface without gaps in projection, so that the stress waves are fully blocked and dissipated by the wave-absorbing anchoring groups, the stress waves transmitted out of the wave-absorbing group anchor are greatly attenuated, and the wave-absorbing damping prevention and control of disturbance disasters in deep engineering are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of active vibration reduction support technology, and in particular to a method for vibration reduction support based on wave-absorbing anchoring in deep engineering. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of energy and transportation projects in my country, the depth of engineering works is gradually increasing, and geological conditions are becoming extremely complex. Tunnels, underground powerhouses, and other areas face high ground stress and significant excavation disturbance. For projects using the drill-and-blast method, the disturbance from blasting waves is even more intense. During deep engineering blasting excavation, blasting stress waves disturb the surrounding rock under high stress, frequently leading to rock bursts and other disasters, seriously endangering the safety of personnel and equipment. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to solve by innovating wave-absorbing and vibration-damping support technologies and methods to reduce the impact of blasting stress waves on the surrounding rock and thus reduce the occurrence of disturbance disasters.

[0003] In current deep engineering projects, the main method of support for disturbance disasters is high-strength support. However, this method is too costly and has complicated construction procedures. More importantly, there is no specific method for supporting against disturbance disasters, which ultimately limits its widespread application.

[0004] This invention utilizes a combination of various wave-absorbing materials to prepare anchoring mortar with excellent wave-absorbing properties, which, together with anchor bolts, forms a wave-absorbing anchoring system for wave-absorbing and vibration-damping support of the surrounding rock. Currently, conventional anchoring support methods in actual deep engineering mainly employ rectangular and cross-arrangements, highlighting the urgent need to design corresponding support methods specifically for disasters caused by dynamic disturbances. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to address the problems of high cost, complex procedures, and lack of targeted vibration reduction support methods in current passive anti-disturbance support technologies for deep engineering, and to propose a wave-absorbing vibration reduction support method based on a low-cost and mature wave-absorbing technology.

[0006] Firstly, a method for wave-absorbing support based on wave-absorbing anchoring in deep tunnel engineering is provided, the method comprising: The geological conditions, support parameters, and wave impedance data of the tunnel to be supported are obtained. Based on the data, the parameters of the wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row are determined. The wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row consists of wave-absorbing anchors, which are anchored to the rock using wave-absorbing mortar and hollow anchor rods. The groups of wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows are arranged parallel to each other and their projections are mutually complementary, so that the projection planes of each wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row in the direction perpendicular to the wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row are continuous and there are no projection gaps, thus obtaining a wave-absorbing forest composed of the multiple groups of wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows. Wave-absorbing and vibration-damping support for the tunnel to be supported is achieved based on at least one of the wave-absorbing forests.

[0007] Optionally, the step of arranging the various wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows parallel to each other and mutually projected and complementary includes: Arrange a first wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row, a second wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row adjacent to the first wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row, and a third wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row adjacent to the second wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row according to the direction of blast wave propagation; The first, second, and third wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows are arranged parallel to each other and mutually projected and complement each other. The mutually projected and complemented arrangement is such that different wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows until the projections do not completely overlap.

[0008] Optionally, the step of obtaining the geological conditions, support parameters, and wave impedance data of the tunnel to be supported, and determining the number of wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows based on the data, includes: The parameters of the wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows are predicted by using a preset prediction model and the geological conditions, support parameters, and wave impedance data. The support parameters include the number and spacing of the wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows, the number of wave-absorbing anchors in the wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows, and the spacing of the wave-absorbing anchors. The preset prediction model is a machine learning model trained on historical geological conditions, historical support parameters, and historical wave impedance data of historically supported tunnels.

[0009] Optionally, the geological conditions include at least the tunnel width, tunnel height, anchor bolt spacing, and anchor hole diameter.

[0010] Optionally, the step of implementing wave-absorbing and vibration-damping support for the tunnel to be supported based on at least one of the wave-absorbing forests includes: At least one of the aforementioned wave-absorbing forests is set up along the propagation path of the blast wave around the tunnel to be supported to achieve wave absorption and vibration reduction support for the tunnel.

[0011] Optionally, the step of implementing wave-absorbing and vibration-damping support for the tunnel to be supported based on at least one of the wave-absorbing forests further includes: Obtain the surrounding rock impedance data along the propagation path of the blast wave in the tunnel to be supported; Based on the surrounding rock wave impedance data, calculate the degree of matching between the surrounding rock wave impedance data and the wave impedance of the wave-absorbing anchor. Based on the impedance matching data, the wave-absorbing forest is set up to achieve wave-absorbing and vibration-damping support for the tunnel to be supported.

[0012] Optionally, the step of calculating the matching degree data between the surrounding rock wave impedance data and the wave impedance of the wave-absorbing anchor based on the surrounding rock wave impedance data includes: Let the surrounding rock wave impedance data be denoted as Z1 and Z3, and the wave impedance of the wave-absorbing anchor be Z2. Set Z1=Z3, and calculate the matching degree data between the surrounding rock wave impedance data and the wave impedance of the wave-absorbing anchor:

[0013] In the formula, η The impedance data of the surrounding rock and the impedance matching degree of the wave-absorbing anchor are used to characterize the final transmission coefficient caused by the impedance mismatch according to the ideal elastic wave propagation theory.

[0014] This application designs a wave-absorbing support method for anchored support to resist disturbance, based on the propagation characteristics of stress waves after passing through anchored support. It obtains the geological conditions, support parameters, and surrounding rock wave impedance data of the tunnel to be supported, and determines the parameters of the wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row based on this data. The wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row consists of at least two wave-absorbing anchors, which are anchors using wave-absorbing mortar and hollow anchor rods for anchoring the rock. The wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows are arranged parallel to each other and mutually projected and complementary, so that the projection plane of each wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row in the direction perpendicular to the wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row is a complete projection plane without gaps, resulting in a wave-absorbing forest composed of the wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows. Wave-absorbing and vibration-damping support is achieved for the tunnel to be supported based on at least one of the wave-absorbing forests, completely obstructing the straight-propagating stress waves. This causes the stress waves to gradually refract, absorb, and dissipate within the wave-absorbing forest, ultimately significantly reducing the stress waves transmitted through the forest. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] in: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the triaxial vibration velocity changes of a stress wave after passing through a wave-absorbing anchor. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the multi-row wave-absorbing anchorage arrangement for wave-absorbing forests; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of stress waves passing through different media. Figure 4 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the continuous surface formed by the arrangement of wave-absorbing anchoring and filling. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] The present invention will now be described in detail through specific embodiments.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, after the stress wave passes through the wave-absorbing anchor, the vibration velocity in the X direction is greatly reduced, but the vibration velocity in the Y and Z directions increases. Based on this, a method for multiple wave-absorbing vibration reduction support along the propagation path of the blast wave is designed.

[0020] A method for vibration reduction and damping support based on wave-absorbing anchoring in deep engineering, the method comprising: The geological conditions, support parameters, and surrounding rock wave impedance data of the tunnel to be supported are obtained, and the parameters of the wave-absorbing group anchor composed of wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows are determined based on the data. The wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows are composed of at least two wave-absorbing anchors, and the wave-absorbing group anchor is anchored to the rock using wave-absorbing mortar and hollow anchor rods. Each wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row is arranged parallel to each other and their projections are mutually complementary, so that the projection planes of each wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row in the direction perpendicular to the wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row are continuous, thus obtaining a wave-absorbing forest composed of the wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows. Wave-absorbing and vibration-damping support for the tunnel to be supported is achieved based on at least one of the wave-absorbing forests.

[0021] For example, based on the propagation characteristics of stress waves encountering wave-absorbing anchors, the wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows are arranged parallel to each other and their projections are mutually complementary, such as... Figure 2 As shown, each wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row is projected onto a complete projection surface without gaps in the direction perpendicular to the wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row, resulting in a wave-absorbing forest composed of the wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows. Wave-absorbing and vibration-damping support for the tunnel to be supported is achieved based on at least one of the wave-absorbing forests, causing stress waves propagating in a straight line to be completely blocked. Consequently, the stress waves are gradually refracted and dissipated in the "wave-absorbing forest," and the stress waves transmitted through the "wave-absorbing forest" are significantly reduced. The stress waves are fully absorbed in a single wave-absorbing group anchor section, reducing the final transmitted waves.

[0022] For example, the parameters of the absorbing section are dynamically adjusted according to the wave impedance matching degree between different surrounding rock wave impedance parameters and anchoring mortar. A schematic diagram of wave reflection and transmission through the interface of different media is shown below. Figure 3 As shown.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the step of arranging the various absorbing and damping rows parallel to each other and mutually projected and complementary includes: Arrange a first wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row, a second wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row adjacent to the first wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row, and a third wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row adjacent to the second wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row according to the direction of blast wave propagation; The first, second, and third wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows are arranged parallel to each other and mutually projected and complement each other. The mutually projected and complemented arrangement is such that different wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows until the projections do not completely overlap.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the step of acquiring the geological conditions, support parameters, and wave impedance data of the tunnel to be supported, and determining the number of wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows based on the data, includes: The parameters of the wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows are predicted by using a preset prediction model and the geological conditions, support parameters, and wave impedance data. The support parameters include the number and spacing of the wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows, the number of wave-absorbing anchors in the wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows, and the spacing of the wave-absorbing anchors. The preset prediction model is a machine learning model trained on historical geological conditions, historical support parameters, and historical wave impedance data of historically supported tunnels.

[0025] For example, consider a deep, horseshoe-shaped tunnel constructed using the drill-and-blast method. The tunnel is 6.5 meters wide and 5 meters high. The first row of anchor bolts has a spacing of 1 meter and an anchor hole diameter of 0.06 meters. A total of 8 rows of microwave-absorbing mortar anchor bolts are required for projection-filling support. The first row of microwave-absorbing anchors is arranged in a staggered manner. The second row is staggered from the projection of the first row, the third row is staggered from the projections of the first and second rows, and so on. The eighth row is staggered from the projections of the previous 7 rows. It is important to note that the staggered arrangement in the diagram is for ease of understanding; in practice, the projections may not be staggered sequentially. That is, within the 8 rows, the projections of each row are staggered to complete the projection filling. The 8 rows of microwave-absorbing anchors form a complete projection surface.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the step of achieving wave-absorbing and vibration-damping support for the tunnel to be supported based on at least one of the wave-absorbing forests includes: At least one of the aforementioned wave-absorbing forests is set up along the propagation path of the blast wave around the tunnel to be supported to achieve wave absorption and vibration reduction support for the tunnel.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the step of achieving wave-absorbing and vibration-damping support for the tunnel to be supported based on at least one of the wave-absorbing forests further includes: Obtain the surrounding rock impedance data along the propagation path of the blast wave in the tunnel to be supported; Based on the surrounding rock wave impedance data, calculate the degree of matching between the surrounding rock wave impedance data and the wave impedance of the wave-absorbing anchor. Based on the impedance matching data, the wave-absorbing forest is set up to achieve wave-absorbing and vibration-damping support for the tunnel to be supported.

[0028] For example, the tunnel to be supported may be surrounded by various rock sections, and the equivalent wave impedance of different rock layers is different. Sections with low impedance matching data... η A smaller impedance matching value results in a better reduction of transmitted waves in the absorbing section; if η Larger ， This indicates that the impedance of the surrounding rock and the wave-absorbing anchor are similar, and the absorption effect of a single wave-absorbing section is relatively small, so multiple wave-absorbing sections can be arranged. Therefore, by setting the wave-absorbing sections in a targeted manner for different surrounding rock and support parameters, the wave-absorbing vibration reduction support effect can be improved, thereby ensuring the safety and reliability of the project.

[0029] Understandably, after passing through the anchoring structure, the vibration of the stress wave in the X direction (tunnel axis) decreases significantly, while the vibration velocities in the Y and Z directions (tunnel horizontal and vertical directions) increase slightly, resulting in an overall reduction in vibration amplitude. To significantly reduce vibration within the tunnel, a multi-row wave-absorbing anchor group is designed to perform multiple wave absorption and vibration reduction operations. Since the vibration velocity in the X direction is generally significantly greater than in the Y and Z directions, the multiple reductions in the X direction and the increases in the Y and Z directions make the triaxial vibration distribution of the wave tend to be uniform. The wave-absorbing anchor group consists of at least two rows of wave-absorbing anchors, which are anchors using wave-absorbing mortar and grouting anchor rods for anchoring rock.

[0030] For tunnel installation, a row of wave-absorbing anchors forms a wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row. These rows are arranged parallel to each other and their projections are mutually complementary, ensuring that the projection plane of each row in the perpendicular direction (tunnel axis) is a complete projection plane without gaps. These wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows form a wave-absorbing section, creating a "wave-absorbing forest." Wave-absorbing support for the tunnel to be supported is achieved based on at least one of these "wave-absorbing forests."

[0031] Optionally, the wave-absorbing support is dynamically adjusted based on the surrounding rock wave impedance parameters: Obtain the wave impedance and structural parameters of the rock surrounding the working face of the tunnel to be supported, and the equivalent wave impedances Z1 and Z2 of surrounding rock 1 and surrounding rock 2. 3， The wave impedance of the wave-absorbing anchor is Z2; Based on the surrounding rock information and considering the wave propagation theory that waves will be reflected and transmitted at the interface of different media, the matching degree between the wave impedance of the surrounding rock of the tunnel to be supported and the wave impedance of the absorbing mortar in the wave-absorbing anchor is determined. According to Z1, Z2, and Z3, Z1=Z3, and the calculation is as follows:

[0032] In the formula, η The transmission coefficient, derived from the theory of ideal elastic wave propagation, is the final value caused by the degree of impedance mismatch. ηThe smaller the value, the better the ability of the wave-absorbing anchor to reduce transmitted waves.

[0033] Based on the impedance matching degree η The spacing of the wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows can be set, or multiple wave-absorbing sections can be set to achieve wave-absorbing and vibration-damping support for the tunnel to be supported.

[0034] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for vibration reduction and damping support based on wave-absorbing anchoring in deep engineering, characterized in that, The method includes: The geological conditions, support parameters, and wave impedance data of the tunnel to be supported are obtained. Based on the data, the parameters of the wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row are determined. The wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row consists of wave-absorbing anchors, which are anchored to the rock using wave-absorbing mortar and hollow anchor rods. The step of obtaining the geological conditions, support parameters, and wave impedance data of the tunnel to be supported, and determining the number of wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows based on the data, includes: The parameters of the wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows are predicted by using a preset prediction model and the geological conditions, support parameters, and wave impedance data. The support parameters include the number of wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows, the spacing between the wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows, the number of wave-absorbing anchors in the wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows, and the spacing between the wave-absorbing anchors. The preset prediction model is a machine learning model trained on historical geological conditions, historical support parameters, and historical wave impedance data of historically supported tunnels. The wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows are arranged parallel to each other, with their projections complementing each other, so that the projection planes of each wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row in the direction perpendicular to the wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row are continuous and there are no projection gaps, resulting in a wave-absorbing section composed of multiple sets of wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows, forming a wave-absorbing forest. Wave-absorbing and vibration-damping support for the tunnel to be supported is achieved based on at least one of the wave-absorbing forests; the step of arranging the wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows parallel to each other and with their projections complementing each other includes: Arrange a first wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row, a second wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row adjacent to the first wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row, and a third wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row adjacent to the second wave-absorbing and vibration-damping row according to the direction of blast wave propagation; The first, second, and third wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows are arranged parallel to each other and mutually projected and complement each other. The mutually projected and complemented arrangement is such that different wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the wave-absorbing and vibration-damping rows until the projections do not completely overlap.

2. The method for wave-absorbing vibration reduction support based on wave-absorbing anchoring in deep engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The geological conditions include at least the tunnel width, tunnel height, anchor bolt spacing, and anchor hole diameter.

3. The method for wave-absorbing vibration reduction support based on wave-absorbing anchoring in deep engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of implementing wave-absorbing and vibration-damping support for the tunnel to be supported based on at least one of the wave-absorbing forests includes: At least one of the aforementioned wave-absorbing forests is set up along the propagation path of the blast wave around the tunnel to be supported to achieve wave absorption and vibration reduction support for the tunnel.

4. The method for wave-absorbing vibration reduction support based on wave-absorbing anchoring in deep engineering according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of implementing wave-absorbing and vibration-damping support for the tunnel to be supported based on at least one of the wave-absorbing forests further includes: Obtain the surrounding rock impedance data along the propagation path of the blast wave in the tunnel to be supported; Based on the surrounding rock wave impedance data, calculate the degree of matching between the surrounding rock wave impedance data and the wave impedance of the wave-absorbing anchor. Based on the impedance matching data, the wave-absorbing forest is set up to achieve wave-absorbing and vibration-damping support for the tunnel to be supported.

5. The method for wave-absorbing vibration reduction support based on wave-absorbing anchoring in deep engineering according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of calculating the matching degree data between the surrounding rock wave impedance data and the wave impedance of the wave-absorbing anchor based on the surrounding rock wave impedance data includes: Let the surrounding rock wave impedance data be denoted as Z1 and Z3, and the wave impedance of the wave-absorbing anchor be Z2. Set Z1=Z3, and calculate the matching degree data between the surrounding rock wave impedance data and the wave impedance of the wave-absorbing anchor: In the formula, η The impedance matching data of the surrounding rock and the impedance matching data of the wave-absorbing anchor are used to characterize the final transmission coefficient caused by the impedance mismatch according to the ideal elastic wave propagation theory.

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