Secondary opening waterproof structure of existing tunnel secondary lining structure and using method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering construction, and discloses a secondary opening waterproof structure of an existing tunnel secondary lining structure and a use method, wherein the waterproof structure comprises a fixing sleeve matched with the aperture of an opening, the opening is located at an exit end and provided with a positioning step, one end of the fixing sleeve is provided with a positioning convex part, the positioning convex part is in abutment with the positioning step, a sliding sleeve is slidably arranged in the fixing sleeve, a convex table is arranged on the side outer end of the sliding sleeve away from the exit end of the opening, an elastic piece is arranged between the sliding sleeve and the fixing sleeve, the elastic piece is in abutment with the convex table and the end face of the fixing sleeve respectively, a pre-tightening piece is connected to one side of the sliding sleeve located at the exit end of the opening, the pre-tightening piece is used for clamping the elastic piece by the convex table and the fixing sleeve, a locking piece is connected to the pre-tightening piece, and the locking piece is used for compressing and deforming the elastic piece by the convex table and the fixing sleeve. The application has the advantages of simple structure, good sealing effect, realization of the waterproof performance of the original waterproof system of the secondary lining without being damaged after the secondary opening.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering construction technology, and in particular to a secondary waterproofing structure for existing tunnel secondary lining and its application method. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel structure monitoring, a technology that has emerged in recent years, utilizes on-site sensing technology to monitor various mechanical responses of the structure in a long-term, continuous, and real-time manner. This provides tunnel management departments with timely information, helps prevent major disasters, and is of significant practical importance for ensuring the safe operation of tunnel structures. On the one hand, long-term health monitoring of tunnel structure safety in China started relatively late. For most existing tunnels, monitoring components were not installed during the tunnel construction process, or the existing components have already failed, resulting in a lack of data support for tunnel structure safety maintenance decisions. On the other hand, unlike bridge structures, tunnels are constructed after the load is applied, with the surrounding rock and structure sharing the load. Drilling holes in the surrounding rock and lining of existing tunnels and re-installing sensors to monitor the deformation and mechanical response of the surrounding rock and structure in real time has enormous scientific value and engineering practical significance for analyzing the safety of tunnel structures during their service life.

[0003] To monitor the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock and structure in real time, it is inevitable to use monitoring equipment (such as displacement sensors, stress gauges, thermometers, etc.) to monitor indicators such as displacement, stress, and temperature of the surrounding rock over a long period of time. This type of monitoring requires drilling holes in the existing tunnel secondary lining structure (i.e., the secondary lining, which is the inner support structure of the tunnel and usually forms a waterproof system with the outer waterproof membrane) so that the monitoring equipment can penetrate the secondary lining and be inserted into the surrounding rock.

[0004] Existing methods for constructing openings in the secondary lining have significant drawbacks: traditional methods involve directly drilling holes in the secondary lining using mechanical methods (such as impact drills and water drills). This drilling process directly damages the waterproofing membrane (usually a polymer membrane or rubber sheet) on the lining surface, compromising its integrity. Since the waterproofing membrane is the core of the tunnel waterproofing system, its damage creates a "leakage channel"—water seeping from the surrounding rock can seep into the tunnel through the opening gaps, causing tunnel leakage and affecting the stability of monitoring equipment (such as short-circuiting sensors due to seepage). It can also lead to secondary problems such as steel reinforcement corrosion and concrete weathering in the secondary lining structure.

[0005] In addition, existing technologies for waterproofing openings mostly adopt a "post-repair" approach (such as applying sealant or pasting waterproof membrane patches), but this has two major problems: First, the sealant is prone to aging and cracking under high water pressure, and the bonding surface between the patch and the original waterproof membrane is prone to gaps due to deformation of the surrounding rock, resulting in a short waterproof lifespan (usually no more than 3 years); Second, repairs are difficult. If leakage occurs, the monitoring equipment must be removed and repairs redone, which not only affects the continuity of monitoring but also increases maintenance costs (the cost of a single maintenance is about 2-3 times that of the initial construction).

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a secondary drilling method that can withstand high water pressure for a long time without damaging the original waterproofing system and is easy to repair after drilling. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a secondary waterproofing structure for existing tunnel lining structures with openings and a method of application, which has the advantages of simple structure and good sealing effect.

[0008] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A secondary waterproofing structure for a secondary tunnel lining includes a fixing sleeve matching the diameter of the opening. A positioning step is provided at the outlet end of the opening. A positioning protrusion is provided at one end of the fixing sleeve, abutting against the positioning step. A sliding sleeve is slidably disposed within the fixing sleeve. A boss is provided at the outer end of the sliding sleeve away from the outlet end of the opening, the outer diameter of the boss being smaller than the inner diameter of the opening. An elastic element is disposed between the sliding sleeve and the fixing sleeve, abutting against the end faces of the boss and the fixing sleeve respectively. A pre-tightening element is connected to the side of the sliding sleeve at the outlet end of the opening, the pre-tightening element clamping the elastic element between the boss and the fixing sleeve. A locking element is connected to the pre-tightening element, the locking element compressing and deforming the elastic element between the boss and the fixing sleeve.

[0009] As a further feature of the present invention, the preload includes a round nut, and the outer wall of one end of the sliding sleeve located at the outlet end of the opening is provided with an external thread that matches the round nut, and the round nut is threadedly connected to the sliding sleeve.

[0010] As a further feature of the present invention, the locking member includes a set screw, which is circumferentially distributed on the outside of the sliding sleeve and threadedly connected to a round nut, with one end of the set screw abutting against the positioning protrusion of the fixed sleeve.

[0011] As a further feature of the invention, the elastic element includes a rubber ring.

[0012] As a further feature of the present invention, the opening is a circular hole, and the fixing sleeve and the sliding sleeve are cylindrical structures.

[0013] As a further feature of the present invention, the outer wall of the fixing sleeve is provided with anti-slip texture.

[0014] As a further feature of the present invention, when the elastic element is not compressed and deformed, the gap between the elastic element and the outer surface of the sliding sleeve and the inner wall of the opening is 0.5-1mm.

[0015] As a further feature of the present invention, a gap of 0.1-0.3 mm is provided between the outer wall of the sliding sleeve and the inner wall of the fixed sleeve.

[0016] As a further feature of the present invention, the fixing sleeve and the sliding sleeve are made of stainless steel.

[0017] A method for using a secondary perforated waterproofing structure for an existing tunnel lining, as described above, includes the following steps: S1, make a hole at a predetermined position in the secondary lining, and clean the hole; S2, place the elastic element outside the sliding sleeve, and then put the sliding sleeve into the fixed sleeve so that the two ends of the elastic element abut against the boss and the fixed sleeve respectively, and clamp the elastic element with the boss and the fixed sleeve by the pre-tightening member; S3, insert the fixing sleeve into the opening and make the positioning protrusion abut against the positioning step; S4, tighten the locking member so that the boss and the fixing sleeve press the elastic member together and generate compression deformation. The elastic member expands laterally in compression deformation and forms a seal with the inner wall of the opening and the outer surface of the sliding sleeve.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention provides a secondary opening waterproof structure and its usage method for existing tunnel secondary lining structures. The structure is simple. In use, a rubber ring is inserted into a sliding sleeve, and then the sliding sleeve is inserted into a fixed sleeve, so that the rubber ring is located between the sliding sleeve and the fixed sleeve. A round nut is threadedly connected to the sliding sleeve, and the round nut abuts against the positioning protrusion of the fixed sleeve, thereby pre-tightening the sliding sleeve, fixed sleeve, and rubber ring to facilitate the installation of the structure. The fixed sleeve is inserted into the opening, so that the positioning protrusion abuts against the positioning step, completing the initial installation of the waterproof structure. Subsequently, by gradually tightening the set screw, the set screw drives the round nut and sliding sleeve to move, causing the protrusion to compress the rubber ring. The rubber ring expands laterally and comes into close contact with the inner wall of the opening and the inner wall of the sliding sleeve, thereby achieving a sealing effect.

[0019] The waterproof structure of this invention achieves the waterproof performance of the original waterproof system of the secondary lining without damaging it after secondary opening; ensures that the opening can withstand high water pressure (not less than 6MPa) for a long time, meeting the waterproof requirements of high water level sections of the tunnel; simplifies the later maintenance process, and can quickly repair without removing the monitoring equipment in case of waterproof failure or minor leakage; reduces construction and maintenance costs, and improves the continuity and stability of tunnel monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this embodiment.

[0022] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged diagram of part A in the middle.

[0023] In the diagram, 1. Fixing sleeve, 2. Sliding sleeve, 3. Rubber ring, 4. Round nut, 5. Set screw, 6. Boss, 7. Positioning protrusion, 8. Secondary lining, 9. Waterproof membrane. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] A secondary perforated waterproofing structure for existing tunnel lining, referenced Figure 1 and Figure 2 It includes a fixing sleeve 1, a sliding sleeve 2, a rubber ring 3, a round nut 4, and a set screw 5; In this embodiment, the opening is set as a circular hole, and the fixing sleeve 1 is a cylindrical structure. In order to better fix the fixing sleeve 1 in the opening, the outlet end of the opening is set as a stepped structure, that is, a hole with a larger diameter is opened on the structure of the main body of the opening to form a positioning step. One end of the fixing sleeve 1 is provided with a positioning protrusion 7. During installation, the fixing sleeve 1 is inserted into the opening and the positioning protrusion 7 abuts against the positioning step. In this way, the fixing sleeve 1 can be positioned after insertion. The fixing sleeve 1 serves as the supporting base for the overall waterproof structure and is made of 304 stainless steel, which is not easily deformed. Anti-slip textures are provided on the outer wall of the fixing sleeve 1 to prevent the fixing sleeve 1 from sliding relative to the opening, making it more stable after insertion. Specifically, in this embodiment, the tolerance between the outer diameter of the fixing sleeve 1 and the diameter of the opening is ±0.5mm.

[0026] The sliding sleeve 2 is a cylindrical structure that matches the fixed sleeve 1. It is also made of 304 stainless steel. The sliding sleeve 2 is slidably disposed inside the fixed sleeve 1. Both ends of the sliding sleeve 2 extend out of the fixed sleeve 1. In this embodiment, the outer diameter of the sliding sleeve 2 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the fixed sleeve 1. Specifically, the gap between the sliding sleeve 2 and the fixed sleeve 1 is 0.1-0.3mm. A boss 6 is provided at the end of the sliding sleeve 2 away from the hole outlet. The outer diameter of the boss 6 is smaller than the diameter of the opening so that the boss 6 can be inserted into the opening.

[0027] The rubber ring 3 is an elastic element disposed between the sliding sleeve 2 and the fixed sleeve 1. The rubber ring 3 is a cylindrical ring structure. The rubber ring 3 is sleeved on the sliding sleeve 2, and its two ends abut against the boss 6 and one end face of the fixed sleeve 1, respectively. Specifically, in this embodiment, the rubber ring 3 is made of EPDM rubber with a thickness of 8-12mm. When the sliding sleeve 2, fixed sleeve 1 and rubber ring 3 are assembled in the initial state, and the rubber ring 3 has no compression deformation, a gap of 0.5-1mm is maintained between the rubber ring 3 and the outer surface of the sliding sleeve 2 and the inner wall of the opening to reserve expansion space.

[0028] A round nut 4 is located at one end of the sliding sleeve 2 near the opening outlet. The round nut 4 has an internal thread, and the outer wall of the sliding sleeve 2 has an external thread. The round nut 4 is threadedly connected to the sliding sleeve 2. The installation sequence is as follows: after the fixing sleeve 1, the sliding sleeve 2 and the rubber ring 3 are initially installed, the round nut 4 is rotated until it abuts against the fixing sleeve 1. At this time, the boss 6 on the sliding sleeve 2 and the end face of the fixing sleeve 1 clamp the rubber ring 3, pre-tightening multiple structures to facilitate installation in the opening.

[0029] Set screws 5 are circumferentially arranged on the outside of the sliding sleeve 2 as a locking element. In this embodiment, 4-6 set screws 5 are evenly arranged. Threaded holes are evenly opened on the round nut 4. The set screws 5 are threadedly connected to the threaded holes. After the pre-tightening structure formed by the fixing sleeve 1, the sliding sleeve 2, the rubber ring 3 and the round nut 4 are installed in the opening, the set screws 5 are gradually tightened. The set screws 5 generate a tightening force on the round nut 4 and the sliding sleeve 2, causing the sliding sleeve 2 to move toward the outlet end of the opening. This causes the boss 6 on the sliding sleeve 2 to press against the rubber ring 3, causing the rubber ring 3 to undergo compression deformation and then expand laterally. Finally, it fits tightly against the inner wall of the opening and the outer surface of the sliding sleeve 2 to form a seal. It should be noted that in this embodiment, when tightening the set screw 5, the angle of each tightening shall not exceed 90°, and each set screw 5 shall be tightened in a cyclical manner.

[0030] In addition, in other embodiments, the materials used for each structure, besides those mentioned above, can achieve the technical effects of this embodiment. The above structure utilizes the compression sealing principle of "axial compression-lateral expansion". The sliding sleeve 2 moves axially downward under the thrust of the set screw 5, applying axial pressure to the rubber ring 3. After being subjected to axial pressure, the rubber ring 3 expands laterally and fits tightly against the inner wall of the opening and the outer surface of the sliding sleeve 2, forming a compression sealing structure of "sliding sleeve-rubber ring-secondary lining" to complete the waterproof seal.

[0031] After the waterproof structure of this embodiment is installed, the monitoring equipment is installed in the hollow holes of the fixing sleeve 1 and the sliding sleeve 2.

[0032] The waterproof structure of this embodiment has high waterproof reliability. The compaction structure formed by the lateral expansion of the rubber ring 3 can achieve complete sealing at the opening. It can withstand a water pressure of 6MPa in actual tests, which meets the requirements of most high water level sections of tunnels. Moreover, the sealing life is synchronized with the secondary lining structure and is no less than 50 years.

[0033] In addition, the waterproof structure in this embodiment does not damage the original waterproof system, and the sealing performance is no less than the original waterproof capacity, thus maintaining the integrity of the waterproof membrane and preventing potential leakage from the source.

[0034] Moreover, maintenance is convenient and low-cost. If minor leakage occurs later due to deformation of the surrounding rock or aging of the rubber ring 3, there is no need to remove the monitoring equipment. The seal can be restored simply by tightening the set screw 5 again. The maintenance time is no more than 30 minutes, and the maintenance cost is only 1 / 10 of the traditional repair method.

[0035] The waterproof structure of this embodiment is highly adaptable. It can be achieved by replacing the fixing sleeve 1 and rubber ring 3 of the corresponding size. It can be adapted to monitoring equipment of different diameters and is suitable for secondary lining concrete structures of different strength grades. The construction is not affected by tunnel slope or humidity.

[0036] A method for using a secondary perforated waterproofing structure for an existing tunnel lining, as described above, includes the following steps: S1, make a hole at the preset position of the secondary lining and clean the hole; A water drill was used to drill holes at the preset positions, with the drilling depth consistent with the thickness of the secondary lining. Water was continuously sprayed to cool the concrete during the drilling process to prevent it from cracking due to high temperature. After drilling was completed, a high-pressure air gun was used to blow away debris and water from the holes.

[0037] S2, place the elastic element outside the sliding sleeve 2, then put the sliding sleeve 2 into the fixed sleeve 1, so that the two ends of the elastic element abut against the boss 6 and the fixed sleeve 1 respectively, and clamp the elastic element with the boss 6 and the fixed sleeve 1 by the pre-tightening element. S3, insert the fixing sleeve 1 into the opening and make the positioning protrusion 7 abut against the positioning step; S4, tighten the locking part, so that the boss 6 and the fixed sleeve 1 press the elastic element together and generate compression deformation. The elastic element expands laterally due to compression deformation and forms a seal with the inner wall of the opening and the outer surface of the sliding sleeve 2.

[0038] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A secondary perforation waterproofing structure for existing tunnel lining structures, characterized in that, The device includes a fixed sleeve (1) that matches the diameter of the opening. The opening has a positioning step at the outlet end. One end of the fixed sleeve (1) has a positioning protrusion (7) that abuts against the positioning step. A sliding sleeve (2) is slidably disposed inside the fixed sleeve (1). A boss (6) is disposed on the outer end of the sliding sleeve (2) away from the outlet end of the opening. The outer diameter of the boss (6) is smaller than the inner diameter of the opening. An elastic element is disposed between the sliding sleeve (2) and the fixed sleeve (1). The elastic element abuts against the end faces of the boss (6) and the fixed sleeve (1). A pre-tightening element is connected to the side of the sliding sleeve (2) at the outlet end of the opening. The pre-tightening element is used to clamp the elastic element between the boss (6) and the fixed sleeve (1). A locking element is connected to the pre-tightening element. The locking element is used to compress and deform the elastic element between the boss (6) and the fixed sleeve (1). The preload includes a round nut (4), and the outer wall of the sliding sleeve (2) located at the outlet end of the opening is provided with an external thread that matches the round nut (4). The round nut (4) is threadedly connected to the sliding sleeve (2). The locking component includes a set screw (5), which is circumferentially distributed on the outside of the sliding sleeve (2) and threadedly connected to the round nut (4). One end of the set screw (5) abuts against the positioning protrusion (7) of the fixed sleeve (1).

2. The secondary perforation waterproofing structure for an existing tunnel lining as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic element includes a rubber ring (3).

3. The secondary perforation waterproofing structure for an existing tunnel lining as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The opening is a circular hole, and the fixing sleeve (1) and the sliding sleeve (2) are cylindrical structures.

4. The secondary perforation waterproofing structure for an existing tunnel lining as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the fixing sleeve (1) is provided with anti-slip texture.

5. A secondary perforation waterproofing structure for an existing tunnel lining as described in claim 1, characterized in that, When the elastic element is not compressed and deformed, the gap width between the elastic element and the outer surface of the sliding sleeve (2) and the inner wall of the opening is 0.5-1mm.

6. The secondary perforation waterproofing structure for an existing tunnel lining as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A gap is provided between the outer wall of the sliding sleeve (2) and the inner wall of the fixed sleeve (1), and the gap width is 0.1-0.3mm.

7. A secondary perforation waterproofing structure for an existing tunnel lining as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed sleeve (1) and the sliding sleeve (2) are made of stainless steel.

8. A method for using a secondary perforation waterproofing structure for an existing tunnel lining as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps, S1, make a hole at a predetermined position in the secondary lining, and clean the hole; S2, place the elastic element outside the sliding sleeve (2), and then put the sliding sleeve (2) into the fixed sleeve (1), so that the two ends of the elastic element abut against the boss (6) and the fixed sleeve (1) respectively, and the boss (6) and the fixed sleeve (1) clamp the elastic element through the pre-tightening member; S3, insert the fixing sleeve (1) into the opening and make the positioning protrusion (7) abut against the positioning step; S4, tighten the locking member so that the boss (6) and the fixing sleeve (1) press the elastic member together and generate compression deformation. The elastic member expands laterally in compression deformation and forms a seal with the inner wall of the opening and the outer surface of the sliding sleeve (2).

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