Tunnel deformation automatic detection device and method

Abstract

This invention discloses an automatic tunnel deformation detection device and method, relating to the field of tunnel detection technology. It includes a tunnel walking mechanism, a first detection component, a second detection component, and a control system. The first detection component includes a reflector, a plane mirror, a laser emitter, and a light-sensing mechanism. The reflector and plane mirror are installed on the tunnel's inner wall. The laser emitter and light-sensing mechanism are installed on the tunnel walking mechanism. The laser emitted by the laser emitter passes through the reflector and plane mirror and enters the light-sensing mechanism. The light-sensing mechanism converts the light signal into current data and sends it to the control system. The second detection component is installed on the tunnel walking mechanism and includes an electric cylinder, a motor, a detection rod, and a detection ball. The detection ball can detect pressure data and send it to the control system. This invention uses the first detection component to quickly pre-detect the tunnel's inner wall and the second detection component to confirm the tunnel deformation at the observation point, balancing the efficiency and accuracy of tunnel deformation detection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel inspection technology, specifically to an automatic tunnel deformation detection device and method. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous improvement of economic and technological levels, the number of urban subway lines is constantly increasing. Tunnel surrounding rock deformation is an unavoidable problem that is closely related to tunnel safety. Effective tunnel deformation monitoring technology can promptly detect risks and reduce accidents. Therefore, tunnel monitoring and measurement are crucial means to ensure the safety and quality of tunnel construction, as well as the normal operation of surface vehicles, along with adjacent buildings and the tunnel itself.

[0003] Traditional tunnel deformation measurement methods can be broadly categorized into contact and non-contact methods. Contact methods primarily include strain gauge methods and convergence meter methods, while non-contact methods include total station methods and close-range photogrammetry. Strain gauge methods calculate deformation at various points by measuring the stress changes of arranged strain gauges, while convergence meter methods detect deformation by measuring changes in the length of the survey line. These contact methods offer high accuracy, but they also have stringent requirements for equipment installation and setup, are complex to implement, and are costly, limiting their detection range and applicable tunnel scenarios. In non-contact measurement, total station methods are complex to operate and require skilled personnel, while close-range photogrammetry requires calibration for different tunnel environments, placing high demands on the environment and site, and resulting in lower measurement accuracy. Therefore, non-contact measurement methods offer better timeliness for tunnel measurements but are less suitable for precise deformation detection.

[0004] It is evident that current methods for measuring tunnel deformation are insufficient to achieve both timeliness and accuracy, necessitating further technological breakthroughs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address one or more shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides an automatic tunnel deformation detection device and method that combines the advantages of non-contact measurement and contact measurement, reduces the workload of contact measurement and data processing, improves work efficiency, and achieves accurate detection of tunnel deformation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts one or more of the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, an automatic tunnel deformation detection device is provided, which can be installed on a track in a tunnel, comprising: Tunnel traveling mechanism, used to move along the tunnel axis in conjunction with the track; The first detection component includes a reflector, a plane mirror, a laser emitter, and a light sensing mechanism. The reflector and the plane mirror are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the tunnel. The laser emitter and the light sensing mechanism are installed on the tunnel traveling mechanism. The laser emitted by the laser emitter is reflected by the reflector, penetrates the plane mirror, and enters the light sensing mechanism. The light sensing mechanism converts the light signal into current data and sends it to the control system. The second detection component includes an electric cylinder, a motor, a detection rod, and a detection ball. The electric cylinder is fixedly installed on the top of the tunnel traveling mechanism, and the motor is fixedly installed at the output end of the electric cylinder. One end of the detection rod is connected to the output shaft of the motor, and the other end is rotatably connected to the detection ball. The detection ball is equipped with a pressure transducer sensor, which is used to detect the pressure data when in contact with the tunnel inner wall and send the pressure data to the control system. The control system is installed inside the tunnel walking mechanism and is connected to the first detection component and the second detection component respectively. It is used to receive and process current data and / or pressure data and issue control signals based on the current data and / or pressure data.

[0007] As a further implementation, the detection ball is provided with an elastic layer, a spring sheet, and a pressure transformer sensor in sequence from the outside to the inside. The elastic layer is fixedly connected to the spring sheet, and the spring sheet is fixedly connected to the pressure transformer sensor. The pressure transformer sensor detects the pressure data of the spring sheet in real time and sends the pressure data to the control system.

[0008] As a further implementation, the spring sheet is arc-shaped, with both ends of the arc shape welded to the inner wall of the elastic layer, and the outer side of the arc-shaped protrusion of the spring sheet welded to the pressure transformer sensor.

[0009] As a further implementation, the output end of the electric control cylinder is fixedly connected to a mounting head, and the motor is installed inside the mounting head. The mounting head has an arc-shaped groove for the rotation of the detection rod to guide the rotation of the detection rod. Preferably, the motor is bolted to the center of the mounting head for easy installation and disassembly.

[0010] As a further implementation, several sets of optical guiding components are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the tunnel. Each set of optical guiding components includes several reflectors and several plane mirrors. Each set of optical guiding components is arranged on the same tunnel cross section, and each tunnel cross section is perpendicular to the tunnel axial direction. Several reflectors are arranged in a star-shaped pattern on the same tunnel cross section, which can basically cover the easily deformable parts of the tunnel.

[0011] Preferably, the reflector and the plane mirror are fixed to the inner wall of the tunnel by bolts, which facilitates installation and removal.

[0012] As a further implementation, the light sensing mechanism consists of several photosensitive sensors arranged at different heights. The photosensitive sensors are vertically fixed to the side wall of the tunnel walking mechanism and electrically connected to the control system. They can convert the received laser light into current data and send it to the control system.

[0013] Preferably, the photosensitive sensor is fixed to the side wall of the tunnel walking mechanism by welding.

[0014] As a further implementation, the control system includes a storage module and a communication module. The storage module is used to store pressure data and current data for each time period and to input and store several observation points of the tunnel. The communication module is connected to a cloud server and is used to upload the current data and pressure data in the storage module to the cloud server.

[0015] As a further implementation, the tunnel walking mechanism is also equipped with an image acquisition module, which is electrically connected to the control system and can acquire shooting instructions from the control system.

[0016] As a further implementation, searchlights are fixedly installed on both sides of the detection rod, and the searchlights are electrically connected to the control system; preferably, the light color of the searchlights includes white and red, and the control system controls the switching of the light.

[0017] On the other hand, an automatic method for detecting tunnel deformation is provided, including the following steps: S1. Before the tunnel is put into operation, the initial current data and initial pressure data of the tunnel are obtained using an automatic tunnel deformation detection device. S2. During the tunnel operation phase, current detection data is acquired and compared with the initial current data to obtain the tunnel cross-section with abnormal deformation. S3. For the tunnel section with abnormal deformation, the second detection component is activated to perform contact detection on the installation position of the reflector and / or plane mirror on the tunnel section, obtain the pressure detection data at each detection position, and compare the pressure detection data at the same detection position with the initial pressure data to obtain the pressure difference data at the detection position. S4. Compare the differential pressure data with the set standard value. If it is less than the standard value, terminate the process. If it is greater than the standard value, mark and store the corresponding detection location.

[0018] As a further implementation method, it also includes: Step S5: When the differential pressure data is greater than the standard value, the control system sends a shooting command to the image acquisition module. The image acquisition module acquires tunnel image data at the detection position of the mark based on the shooting command, and transmits and stores the tunnel image data in the control system.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention sets up a tunnel walking mechanism, a first detection component, a second detection component, and a control system to work together, achieving an effective combination of non-contact and contact detection. The first detection component uses optical transmission to quickly pre-detect the inner wall of the tunnel, selecting the locations of reflectors that may deform as observation points. The second detection component then performs contact detection on the acquired observation points to obtain accurate pressure data, thereby confirming the tunnel deformation at the observation points. This effectively reduces the workload of contact detection and data processing, greatly improving the efficiency and accuracy of tunnel deformation detection. At the same time, it eliminates the need to place strain gauges inside the tunnel, reducing costs.

[0020] 2. The present invention also includes an image acquisition module on the tunnel walking mechanism. For the observation point where the tunnel deformation is confirmed by the second detection component, the tunnel image data is captured and stored in the control system to facilitate comparison of the surface feature differences of the observation point in different observation periods. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a front view of the detection device in one or more embodiments of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the detection device in one or more embodiments of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the detection sphere in one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0023] In the diagram: 1. Tunnel walking mechanism; 2. First detection component; 3. Second detection component; 4. Image acquisition module; 201. Reflector; 202. Plane mirror; 203. Laser emitter; 204. Light sensing mechanism; 301. Electric control cylinder; 302. Mounting head; 303. Motor; 304. Detection rod; 305. Detection ball; 3051. Elastic layer; 3052. Spring sheet; 3053. Voltage transformer sensor; 3054. Rotating shaft; 306. Searchlight; R, tunnel; S, track. Detailed Implementation

[0024] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0025] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments of the present invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1 In one typical embodiment of this application, an automatic tunnel deformation detection device is provided, such as... Figure 1-3 As shown, it includes: Tunnel traveling mechanism 1 is used to move along the tunnel R-axis in cooperation with track S; The first detection component 2 includes a reflector 201, a plane mirror 202, a laser emitter 203, and a light sensing mechanism 204. The reflector 201 and the plane mirror 202 are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the tunnel R. The laser emitter 203 and the light sensing mechanism 204 are installed on the tunnel traveling mechanism 1. The laser emitted by the laser emitter 203 is reflected by the reflector 201 and then passes through the plane mirror 202 into the light sensing mechanism 204. The light sensing mechanism 204 converts the light signal into current data and sends it to the control system. The second detection component 3 includes an electric cylinder 301, a motor 303, a detection rod 304, and a detection ball 305. The electric cylinder 301 is fixedly installed on the top of the tunnel traveling mechanism 1. The motor 303 is fixedly installed at the output end of the electric cylinder 301. One end of the detection rod 304 is connected to the output shaft of the motor 303, and the other end is rotatably connected to the detection ball 305. The detection ball 305 is equipped with a pressure transducer sensor 3053, which is used to detect the pressure data when in contact with the tunnel inner wall and send the pressure data to the control system. The control system is installed inside the tunnel walking mechanism 1 and is connected to the first detection component 2 and the second detection component 3 respectively. It is used to receive and process current data and / or pressure data and issue control signals based on the current data and / or pressure data.

[0027] Using the above technical solution, plane mirrors are installed at smooth locations on the inner wall surface of the tunnel structure, and reflective mirrors are installed at irregular locations on the inner wall surface. The plane mirrors and reflective mirrors can be used to sense deformation at their installation locations. When deformation occurs at the installation location, the control system can identify abnormal information by detecting changes in the arrival position of light received by the light-sensing mechanism. However, it cannot directly determine the location of the abnormality; it can only determine that an abnormality exists at that cross-section. When the first detection component detects an abnormality, the second detection component detects the abnormal location: centering on the mirror installation location, the second detection component performs contact detection in multiple directions at the installation location to obtain deformation characteristics. The control system then uses the maximum deformation value at these multiple detection locations as the deformation result for that installation location, thus achieving automatic detection of tunnel deformation.

[0028] Specifically, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the cross-section of tunnel S is generally arched, including a circular arc cross-section at the top and a rectangular cross-section at the bottom. A track R is laid at the bottom of tunnel S along the axial direction. A matching tunnel walking mechanism 1 is installed in the track R, which can walk in a straight line along the axial direction of the tunnel. A corresponding detection structure is installed on the tunnel walking mechanism 1, so as to detect the deformation of the inner wall of the tunnel at different positions.

[0029] To efficiently pre-detect tunnel deformation, i.e., to determine the possible deformation locations of the tunnel, the detection mechanism includes a first detection component 2, combined with... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the first detection component 2 includes a reflector 201, a plane mirror 202, a laser emitter 203, and a light sensing mechanism 204. The reflector 201 and the plane mirror 202 are installed on the inner wall of the tunnel. The laser emitter 203 and the light sensing mechanism 204 are mounted on the tunnel traveling mechanism 1. The laser emitted by the laser emitter 203 undergoes specular reflection when passing through the reflector 201, and then penetrates through the plane mirror 202, finally illuminating the light sensing mechanism 204. The light sensing mechanism 204 converts the light signal into current data and transmits it to the control system. The reflector 201 and the plane mirror 202 are positioned on the inner wall of the tunnel, where tunnel deformation is prone to occur, facilitating focused monitoring of easily deformable sections of the tunnel.

[0030] In this embodiment, several groups of light guide components are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the tunnel. Each group of light guide components includes several reflectors and several plane mirrors. Each group of light guide components is arranged on the same tunnel cross-section, and each tunnel cross-section is perpendicular to the tunnel axial direction. In other embodiments, other products can also be used as reflectors to reflect light. Figure 1As shown, on a tunnel cross-section perpendicular to the tunnel axis, the light guide assembly includes eight reflectors 201 and two plane mirrors 202. The eight reflectors 201 are arranged symmetrically in an approximately star-shaped pattern, positioned at the 1 o'clock, 3 o'clock, 5 o'clock, 7 o'clock, 9 o'clock, 11 o'clock, and 12 o'clock positions. Each reflector 201 is installed at a certain angle to reflect the laser light, changing the light path so that the laser emitted by the laser emitter enters the light sensing mechanism after multiple reflections. Simultaneously, the reflectors essentially cover the easily deformable areas of the tunnel, facilitating more accurate and efficient detection of potential tunnel deformation locations. The two plane mirrors 202 are symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the rectangular cross-section at the bottom of the tunnel, located between the two reflectors 201, with no significant angles, allowing the laser light to penetrate the plane mirrors. The installation of the reflectors reflects the deformation of their installation position by changing the angle of the reflected light, which is reflected as a change in current data by the photosensitive sensor in the light sensing mechanism. The plane mirrors are mainly used for smooth light propagation during the detection process, such as... Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the plane mirror is positioned at the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock positions of the tunnel. This is to prevent the light path from being blocked due to tunnel deformation at these locations. Without this plane mirror, the laser might be blocked and unable to be measured because of the tunnel deformation at these points. Therefore, the plane mirror is mainly used to ensure smooth and unobstructed propagation of the light path and to detect abnormal deformation at these locations.

[0031] In this embodiment, both the reflector and the plane mirror are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the tunnel by bolts, which facilitates installation, maintenance and replacement.

[0032] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 As shown, several laser emitters 203 are fixedly mounted on the tunnel traveling mechanism 1, and a light sensing mechanism 204 is fixedly mounted on the side of the tunnel traveling mechanism 1. The emitting end of the laser emitter 203 can swing, allowing the laser emission angle to be adjusted according to the position of the reflector. The light sensing mechanism 204 consists of several photosensitive sensors arranged at different heights. Each photosensitive sensor is vertically fixed to the side wall of the tunnel traveling mechanism by welding, and is used to measure the laser deflection before and after the current time to obtain the change in current data. Simultaneously, the photosensitive sensors are electrically connected to the control system, and can transmit the current data to the control system.

[0033] To improve the accuracy of tunnel deformation detection, the detection mechanism in this embodiment also includes a second detection component, used to confirm the deformation status at possible deformation locations within the tunnel based on pre-detection, achieving more precise deformation monitoring. Combined with... Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the second detection component 3 is installed on the tunnel walking mechanism 1, including an electric control cylinder 301, a mounting head 302, a motor 303, a detection rod 304, and a detection ball 305. The electric control cylinder 301 is longitudinally mounted on the tunnel walking mechanism 1, and the mounting head 302 is fixedly connected to the top of the output end of the electric control cylinder 301. The motor 303 is fixedly installed at the center inside the mounting head 302. In this embodiment, the mounting head 302 is fixed to the top of the electric control cylinder 301 by welding, and the motor 303 is fixed inside the mounting head 302 by bolts, facilitating assembly and disassembly. Of course, other connection methods can be used in other embodiments, and this application does not limit this. The output shaft of the motor 303 is connected to the detection rod 304. The mounting head 302 is equipped with an arc-shaped groove for the detection rod to rotate. Through this arc-shaped groove, the mounting head 302 and the detection rod 304 rotate in coordination, guiding the rotation of the detection rod. One end of the detection rod 304 is welded and fixed to the output shaft of the motor 303, and the other end is rotatably connected to the detection ball 305 away from the mounting head.

[0034] In this embodiment, the detection ball 305 is installed at the end of the detection rod 304, and is used to contact the inner wall of the tunnel and detect the pressure signal when in contact, such as Figure 3 As shown, the detection ball 305, from the outside in, is provided with an elastic layer 3051, a spring sheet 3052, and a pressure transducer 3053. The elastic layer 3051 serves as the outer shell of the detection ball 305, allowing it to elastically deform upon contact with the tunnel wall. The spring sheet 3052 is fixedly connected to the interior of the elastic layer 3051. Several arc-shaped spring sheets 3052 are provided, with each sheet's arc-shaped ends welded to the inner wall of the elastic layer 3051. The outer side of the arc-shaped protrusion of the spring sheet 3052 is fixedly connected to the pressure transducer 3053. The pressure transducer 3053 is located in the innermost layer of the detection ball 305, welded to the spring sheet 3052, and can detect the pressure data of the spring sheet in real time and send the pressure data to the control system. In this embodiment, the voltage transformer sensor 3053 is ring-shaped, with an inner layer of a rotating shaft 5054. The rotating shaft 3054 is coaxially fixed at the center of the detection ball 305. The rotating shaft 3054 forms a rotational engagement with the detection rod 304 through mechanical rotation, which can accurately control the rotation to a specified position.

[0035] Specifically, the control system includes a storage module, a communication module, and a data processing module. The storage module stores current and pressure data for different time periods and can also input and store several observation points in the tunnel. The communication module includes, but is not limited to, a 4G communication module that establishes a communication connection with a cloud server. This allows the current and pressure data stored in the storage module to be uploaded to the cloud server, facilitating data exchange between the control system and the outside world, reducing the amount of data stored in the storage module, and enabling data backup. The data processing module processes the received current and pressure data, performs result judgment, and outputs the deformation detection results at various locations in the tunnel.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the tunnel walking mechanism is further equipped with an image acquisition module 4, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the image acquisition module 4 can be a standard camera, fixedly mounted on the tunnel walking mechanism 1 and positioned outside the electric control cylinder 301 to avoid obstructing the field of view. The image acquisition module is electrically connected to the control system, enabling it to receive shooting commands and take pictures. When an anomaly is confirmed at the observation point through precise detection by the second detection component, since tunnel deformation typically affects only one area and usually causes small or large-area anomalies on the tunnel wall, the image acquisition module can photograph the tunnel. This facilitates subsequent investigation by staff, allowing them to assess the deformation based on the image data and carry relevant tools, thus improving work efficiency.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, searchlights 306 are fixedly installed on both sides of the detection rod 304. The searchlights 306 are electrically connected to the control system. During the movement or rotation of the detection rod, the searchlights also move with the detection rod to provide illumination, facilitating the acquisition of tunnel image data by the image acquisition module. The searchlights can be fixed to the outer wall of the detection rod by welding, bolting, or other methods.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the searchlight emits both white and red light, with white being the default light color. When the detection rod rotates to the marked observation point, the control system sends a light-switching command to the searchlight, changing its light color to red. Then, the control system sends a shooting command to the image acquisition module, resulting in a clearer image at the observation point. By switching between different light colors to highlight the marked observation point, and then capturing an image of the highlighted area, staff can easily identify anomalies based on the image data and focus on areas prone to tunnel deformation.

[0039] The working principle of this embodiment is as follows: Step 1: Before tunnel operation, the detection device of this embodiment is used to acquire initial tunnel status data. After tunnel construction, the tunnel traveling mechanism, the first detection component, and the second detection component of this embodiment are used in conjunction to perform detection, obtain initial current data and initial pressure data of the tunnel, and store them in the control system for subsequent deformation judgment.

[0040] Step two, during tunnel operation, involves using the detection device of this embodiment to acquire tunnel detection data and comparing it with the initial tunnel status data. During tunnel operation, this embodiment is used for detection. When the tunnel traveling mechanism reaches a certain tunnel cross-section, the first detection component is used for detection, and the acquired current detection data is compared with the initial tunnel current data. If laser deflection is detected, the second detection component is activated. For tunnel cross-sections where the first detection component's detection results show abnormalities, the second detection component is used for detection, and the acquired pressure detection data is compared with the initial pressure data to obtain the deformation results at each mirror installation position of that tunnel cross-section, thus determining the deformation status of the tunnel cross-section.

[0041] In step two, the tunnel walking mechanism travels in a straight line on the track to perform periodic inspections of the tunnel. When the tunnel walking mechanism travels to the area below the light guide component at a certain section, the top of the tunnel is irradiated by the laser emitter, so that two laser beams are reflected by each reflector and irradiated onto the light sensing mechanism.

[0042] Plane mirrors are installed on smooth sections of the tunnel structure's inner wall, while reflective mirrors are installed on uneven sections. These mirrors can be used to sense deformation at their installation locations. When deformation occurs at the installation location, the change in the arrival position of light received by the photosensitive sensor can identify the anomaly. However, it cannot directly determine the location of the anomaly; it can only indicate that an anomaly exists at that cross-section.

[0043] Because reflectors are installed at uneven points on the tunnel's inner wall surface, and plane mirrors are installed at smooth points, when the tunnel deforms, the plane mirrors or reflectors change their angles accordingly. This causes corresponding changes in the incident and reflected angles of the laser, resulting in the laser illuminating photosensitive sensors at different heights. Each photosensitive sensor generates corresponding changes in current data, which are transmitted to the control system. The control system acquires the current data during detection and compares it with the initial current data after the tunnel was built. This allows it to determine the changes in the location of the light received by the photosensitive sensors, identify anomalies, and thus preliminarily detect tunnel sections with abnormal deformation.

[0044] For tunnel sections where the first detection component detects anomalies, the second detection component is used to detect the abnormal location. Using the mirror installation position on the section as the center, contact detection is performed at the 4, 8, and 12 o'clock positions. As the tunnel traveling mechanism moves along the track to the corresponding section position, the height of the detection rod is adjusted via an electric cylinder, and the detection rod is rotated by a motor, causing the detection ball to reach the observation point and contact the tunnel wall. The detection pressure data at that observation point is obtained, and this data is compared with the initial pressure data to calculate the pressure change at that observation point. This change is used as the deformation characteristic at the mirror installation position. The maximum deformation value among the three observation points is then selected as the deformation result for that installation position. This process is repeated for all reflectors and plane mirrors on the abnormal section, resulting in the final deformation detection result for the tunnel section, including the specific deformation location and its degree.

[0045] After the initial inspection by the first inspection component, the second inspection component only needs to perform contact inspection on the mirror installation location on the abnormal cross-section, without having to inspect all locations on the tunnel cross-section. This effectively reduces the workload and data processing volume of contact inspection, facilitates the inspection of the overall tunnel condition, and improves inspection efficiency.

[0046] Example 2 In another typical embodiment of this application, an automatic tunnel deformation detection method is provided, based on the automatic tunnel deformation detection device in Embodiment 1, including the following steps: S1. Before the tunnel is put into operation, the initial current data and initial pressure data of the tunnel are obtained using an automatic tunnel deformation detection device. S2. During the tunnel operation phase, current detection data is acquired and compared with the initial current data to obtain the tunnel cross-section with abnormal deformation. S3. For the tunnel section with abnormal deformation, the second detection component is activated to perform contact detection on the installation position of the reflector and / or plane mirror on the tunnel section, obtain the pressure detection data at each detection position, and compare the pressure detection data at the same detection position with the initial pressure data to obtain the pressure difference data at the detection position. S4. Compare the differential pressure data with the set standard value. If it is less than the standard value, terminate the process. If it is greater than the standard value, mark and store the corresponding detection location.

[0047] Furthermore, in step S1, before tunnel operation, multiple tunnel sections are divided along the tunnel axis for testing. Reflectors and plane mirrors are then placed on selected tunnel sections. A preliminary test is conducted using a tunnel traveling mechanism and the first testing component to obtain initial current data for each tunnel section. Using the tunnel traveling mechanism and the second testing component, contact testing is performed on the installation positions of all mirrors on each tunnel section to obtain initial pressure data for each testing position.

[0048] Furthermore, in step S2, the tunnel traveling mechanism travels in a straight line along the tunnel axis. When the tunnel traveling mechanism reaches the tunnel section to be detected, the laser emitter illuminates the tunnel top. The laser light is reflected by a light guide component composed of a reflector and a plane mirror onto the light sensing mechanism. The light sensing mechanism converts the electrical signal into corresponding current detection data and sends it to the control system. The control system compares the current detection data with the initial current data of the tunnel section. If the current difference reaches a set condition, the tunnel section is marked as having abnormal deformation.

[0049] Furthermore, in step S3, the control system can control the activation of the tunnel walking mechanism and the second detection component to sequentially detect the installation positions of each reflector and / or plane mirror on the tunnel cross-section with abnormal deformation, in order to obtain the specific abnormal location. During the detection process, with the mirror installation position as the center, positions at predetermined distances in the 4, 8, and 12 o'clock directions of the installation position are used as observation points. The tunnel walking mechanism, electric cylinder, and motor are controlled to work together to make the detection ball at the end of the detection rod reach the observation point and contact the inner wall of the tunnel. The pressure detection data of each observation point is obtained through the pressure transducer sensor inside the detection ball, and each pressure detection data is compared with the initial pressure data to obtain the pressure difference data of the three observation points, i.e., the deformation value. The maximum deformation value among the three observation points is selected as the pressure difference data of the detected mirror installation position, i.e., the deformation result of that detection position.

[0050] Furthermore, in step S4, the control system compares the obtained differential pressure data with the set standard value. If the differential pressure data is less than the standard value, the process terminates; if the differential pressure data is greater than the standard value, the control system marks and stores the observation point at the corresponding detection location.

[0051] Furthermore, considering that tunnel deformation will not only affect one place, but will usually cause small or large areas of anomalies in the tunnel wall, this embodiment also includes step S5. When the differential pressure data is greater than the standard value, the detection rod is rotated to the marked detection position by the cooperation of the tunnel walking mechanism and the second detection component. The control system controls the searchlight to switch the light color to red light, and then sends a shooting command to the image acquisition module. The image acquisition module acquires tunnel image data based on the shooting command, and transmits and stores the tunnel image data in the control system. This makes it convenient for staff to find anomalies based on the image data, focus on areas where tunnel deformation may occur, further understand the tunnel deformation situation, and facilitate staff to prepare corresponding construction tools and construction methods based on the image data, thereby improving work efficiency.

[0052] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic tunnel deformation detection device, which can be installed on a track in a tunnel, characterized in that, include: Tunnel traveling mechanism, used to move along the tunnel axis in conjunction with the track; The first detection component includes a reflector, a plane mirror, a laser emitter, and a light sensing mechanism. The reflector and the plane mirror are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the tunnel. The laser emitter and the light sensing mechanism are installed on the tunnel traveling mechanism. The laser emitted by the laser emitter is reflected by the reflector, passes through the plane mirror, and enters the light sensing mechanism. The light sensing mechanism converts the light signal into current data and sends it to the control system. The light sensing mechanism consists of several photosensitive sensors arranged at different heights. The photosensitive sensors are vertically fixed on the side wall of the tunnel traveling mechanism and electrically connected to the control system. They are used to convert the received laser light into current data and send it to the control system. The second detection component includes an electric cylinder, a motor, a detection rod, and a detection ball. The electric cylinder is fixedly installed on the upper part of the tunnel traveling mechanism, and the motor is fixedly installed at the output end of the electric cylinder. One end of the detection rod is connected to the output shaft of the motor, and the other end is rotatably connected to the detection ball. The detection ball is equipped with a pressure transducer sensor for detecting pressure data when in contact with the tunnel inner wall and sending the pressure data to the control system. The detection ball has an elastic layer, a spring plate, and a pressure transducer sensor arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside. The elastic layer is fixedly connected to the spring plate, and the spring plate is fixedly connected to the pressure transducer sensor. The pressure transducer sensor detects the pressure data of the spring plate in real time and sends the pressure data to the control system. The control system is installed inside the tunnel walking mechanism and is connected to the first detection component and the second detection component respectively. It is used to receive and process current data and / or pressure data and to issue control signals based on the current data and / or pressure data. The tunnel is provided with several sets of optical guide components at intervals along the axial direction. Each set of optical guide components includes several reflectors and several plane mirrors. Each set of optical guide components is arranged on the same tunnel cross section, and each tunnel cross section is perpendicular to the tunnel axial direction. The reflectors are arranged in a star-shaped pattern on the same tunnel cross section.

2. The automatic tunnel deformation detection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The spring sheet is arc-shaped, and the two ends of the arc shape are welded to the inner wall of the elastic layer, respectively. The outer side of the arc-shaped protrusion of the spring sheet is welded to the pressure transformer sensor.

3. The automatic tunnel deformation detection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The control system includes a storage module and a communication module. The storage module is used to store pressure and current data for each time period and to input and store several observation points of the tunnel. The communication module is connected to a cloud server and is used to upload the current and pressure data in the storage module to the cloud server.

4. The automatic tunnel deformation detection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The tunnel walking mechanism is also equipped with an image acquisition module, which is electrically connected to the control system.

5. The automatic tunnel deformation detection device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The detection rod is fixedly equipped with searchlights on both sides, and the searchlights are electrically connected to the control system.

6. The automatic tunnel deformation detection device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The searchlight has two colors: white and red, and the control system controls the switching of the light colors.

7. An automatic tunnel deformation detection method, based on the automatic tunnel deformation detection device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Before the tunnel is put into operation, the initial current data and initial pressure data of the tunnel are obtained using an automatic tunnel deformation detection device. S2. During the tunnel operation phase, current detection data is acquired and compared with the initial current data to obtain the tunnel cross-section with abnormal deformation. S3. For the tunnel section with abnormal deformation, the second detection component is activated to perform contact detection on the installation position of the reflector and / or plane mirror on the tunnel section, obtain the pressure detection data at each detection position, and compare the pressure detection data at the same detection position with the initial pressure data to obtain the pressure difference data at the detection position. S4. Compare the differential pressure data with the set standard value. If it is less than the standard value, terminate the process. If it is greater than the standard value, mark and store the corresponding detection location.

8. The automatic tunnel deformation detection method as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Also includes: Step S5: When the differential pressure data is greater than the standard value, the control system sends a shooting command to the image acquisition module. The image acquisition module acquires tunnel image data at the detection position of the mark based on the shooting command, and transmits and stores the tunnel image data in the control system.

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