A structure and composite casting process for a hard alloy rod embedded in a steel matrix

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of casting technology for wear-resistant components in crushing equipment, and particularly to a structure in which a hard alloy rod is embedded in a steel substrate. The structure includes a steel substrate and at least one preform disposed within the steel substrate. The preform includes a base plate and multiple hard alloy rods fixed to the base plate. The preform and the steel substrate form a metallurgically bonded inlay structure through a casting process, with a gap between the working surfaces of the hard alloy rods and the steel substrate. Multiple connecting holes are formed along the thickness direction on the base plate, and the hard alloy rods are sequentially assembled into the connecting holes and fixed by welding. A fixing rod is vertically installed on the surface of the base plate, and the spatial positioning of the preform is achieved by inserting the fixing rod into the cavity wall. This invention solves the problems of difficult processing and difficulty in achieving initial work hardening caused by exposed hard alloy rods, and effectively improves the fixing efficiency and stability of the hard alloy rods.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of casting technology for wear-resistant components in crushing equipment, and particularly to a structure and composite casting process for a hard alloy rod embedded in a steel matrix. Background Technology

[0002] In mining equipment, the working faces of grinding and crushing components require high wear resistance. This is typically achieved using surface composite material technology, with a cemented carbide layer cast beneath the surface to further enhance wear resistance and working face hardness. This results in a composite layer with ultra-high hardness and wear resistance, significantly improving the overall service life of the equipment. Existing composite wear-resistant liners are typically prepared using the following method: First, a custom-made steel-based cemented carbide rod is used, and a steel nail of appropriate length is welded to one end of the rod to be cast. Second, the welded steel nail portions are manually inserted one by one into the corresponding areas of the molding sand cavity. Finally, molten steel is poured into the molding sand cavity, and after cooling, a blank of the composite wear-resistant liner is obtained. This blank is then subjected to heat treatment, manual repair of weld points, and machining to obtain the final composite wear-resistant liner.

[0003] The aforementioned composite wear-resistant liner manufacturing process presents several challenges: First, positioning the hard alloy rods is difficult. Due to the characteristics of the hard alloy material, welding performance between the hard alloy rods and steel nails is poor, leading to incomplete or false welds. During the casting of the composite wear-resistant liner, melting or detachment of the weld points can cause the hard alloy rods to be impacted by the molten steel, causing them to float and move as the steel fills the mold. Consequently, the actual arrangement of the alloy rods inside the formed steel matrix does not match the design, failing to achieve optimal wear resistance. Second, inserting the hard alloy rods into the mold cavity requires a high level of skill and operational proficiency from the workers. Furthermore, for large mining equipment with numerous hard alloy rods distributed within the liner, the workload for manufacturing and fixing these rods is substantial, resulting in low production efficiency. Finally, since each hard alloy rod is fixed to the cavity by steel nails, when the casting is completed, there are a large number of protrusions formed by truncated steel nails and exposed end faces of hard alloy rods on the working surface of the composite wear-resistant liner. This results in a large number of grinding processes required on the outer surface of the liner. At the same time, the high hardness of the hard alloy rods further increases the difficulty of grinding, making it difficult for the liner to achieve work hardening. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0005] This invention provides a structure and composite casting process for embedding a cemented carbide rod within a steel matrix, aiming to solve the problems of difficult processing and initial work hardening caused by exposed cemented carbide rods; and how to improve the fixing efficiency and stability of cemented carbide rods.

[0006] (II) Technical Solution

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes a structure in which a hard alloy rod is embedded in a steel matrix, the structure comprising a steel matrix and a preform disposed within the steel matrix;

[0008] The preform includes a substrate and a plurality of hard alloy rods fixed to the substrate;

[0009] The preform is metallurgically bonded to the steel substrate through a casting process, and there is a gap between the hard alloy rod and the working surface of the steel substrate.

[0010] A further technical solution is that the substrate has multiple connecting holes extending along its thickness direction, and multiple hard alloy rods are connected to the connecting holes one by one and welded to the substrate.

[0011] A further technical solution is that the connecting hole is circular or polygonal;

[0012] When the connecting hole is circular, the outer surface of the hard alloy rod is a tapered conical surface that tapers axially, and the diameter of the connecting hole is between the maximum and minimum outer diameter of the hard alloy rod. The hard alloy rod and the connecting hole are connected by an interference fit to form an elastic snap-fit ​​connection, and the end face with the larger outer diameter of the two end faces of the hard alloy rod is close to the working surface of the steel substrate.

[0013] When the connecting hole is polygonal, the outer surface of the hard alloy rod is a pyramidal surface that tapers axially, and the diameter of the inscribed circle of the connecting hole is between the diameters of the circumscribed circles of the two end faces of the hard alloy rod. The hard alloy rod and the connecting hole are connected by an interference fit to form an elastic snap-fit ​​connection, and the end face with the larger circumscribed circle diameter of the two end faces of the hard alloy rod is closer to the working surface of the steel substrate.

[0014] A further technical solution is that the substrate can be selectively configured as one layer or multiple layers;

[0015] When the substrate is configured as a multilayer substrate, the multilayer substrates are spaced apart from each other in the thickness direction of the steel substrate. Along the direction from the working surface of the steel substrate inward, the size of the connecting holes on the multilayer substrates gradually decreases, and the connecting holes on each layer substrate form an elastic snap-fit ​​connection with the hard alloy rod.

[0016] A further technical solution is that the cone angle of the conical or pyramidal surface of the hard alloy rod is in the range of 2°-10°.

[0017] A further technical solution is that the distance between the larger end face of the two ends of the hard alloy rod and the working surface of the steel substrate is in the range of 3-30mm.

[0018] A further technical solution is that the parameters of the hard alloy rod are: hardness ≥ HRC58, impact energy ≥ 4J.

[0019] A further technical solution is that this structure can be applied to products including moving cone liners for cone crushers, fixed cone liners for cone crushers, jaw plates for jaw crushers, cylinder liners for ball mills, moving cone liners for gyratory crushers, and fixed cone liners for gyratory crushers.

[0020] Manufacturing the above-mentioned hard alloy rod embedded in a steel substrate includes the following steps:

[0021] S1. Fabrication of the preform: Multiple connection holes are made on the substrate along the thickness direction, and hard alloy rods are sequentially assembled into the connection holes and fixed by welding.

[0022] S2. Fixing the preform: A fixing rod is vertically installed on the surface of the substrate, and the spatial positioning of the preform is achieved by inserting the fixing rod into the cavity wall;

[0023] S3. Composite casting: Molten steel is poured into a cavity containing the preform, and the composite casting is formed by heat preservation and cooling.

[0024] S4. Post-processing: After heat treatment of the composite casting, the exposed part of the fixing rod is removed by machining.

[0025] A further technical solution is that, in step S2, a support rod is vertically installed on the side of the substrate near the working surface, and the preset distance between the larger end face of the two ends of the hard alloy rod and the working surface is controlled by adjusting the depth of the fixed rod inserted into the cavity wall and the length of the support rod.

[0026] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: First, the preform process is separated from the casting process, allowing for the parallel processing of multiple preforms. This modular preform production method significantly improves production efficiency. Second, by fixing the hard alloy rod to the substrate instead of directly inserting it into the mold cavity, the stability of the hard alloy rod is enhanced. During subsequent pouring, this effectively prevents the hard alloy rod from detaching and floating during the filling process, thus improving the quality stability of the finished casting. Specifically, by providing connecting holes on the substrate and using the tapered design of the hard alloy rod, the rod can be firmly secured within the connecting holes. Furthermore, welding is used to further reinforce both, forming a preform with better structural integrity and stability. This effectively avoids the problem of weld points easily detaching when welding steel nails to the end face of the hard alloy rod in existing technologies. Moreover, the hard alloy rod and the steel substrate are integrally cast using a casting process. Compared to the finished parts assembled from the hard alloy rod and steel substrate in existing technologies, this method offers better integrity and structural strength, while also avoiding a complex and inefficient installation process. Furthermore, the gap between the carbide rod and the working surface of the casting creates conditions for the initial work hardening of the steel matrix and the subsequent process hardening during use. This avoids the difficulties in initial processing and work hardening caused by exposed carbide rods. At the same time, the distance between the carbide rod and the working surface of the casting is determined by the distance of the fixing rod inserted into the cavity, and the distance between adjacent carbide rods is determined by the distance between the connecting holes on the base plate. This makes the distribution of carbide rods inside the casting more uniform and controllable, and at the same time, it can precisely control the distance between the carbide rod and the working surface of the casting, avoiding the problem of uneven distances and low efficiency caused by manually installing carbide rods one by one. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the prefabricated structure;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the moving cone liner and the fixed cone liner of a cone crusher;

[0030] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the connection hole on the substrate;

[0031] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the connection hole on the substrate;

[0032] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the hard alloy rod;

[0033] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the hard alloy rod;

[0034] Figure 7A schematic diagram of a third embodiment of the hard alloy rod and connecting hole;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the jaw plate of a jaw crusher.

[0036] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the fixed cone liner of a gyratory crusher;

[0037] Figure 10 for Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the hard alloy rod in the embodiment shown.

[0038] [Explanation of Labels in the Attached Image]

[0039] 1: Steel substrate; 2: Precast body; 21: Base plate; 211: Connecting hole; 22: Hard alloy rod; 3: Working surface; 4: Fixing rod; 5: Supporting rod; 6: Cavity wall. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To better explain and facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0041] See attached document Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a structure in which a hard alloy rod 22 is embedded in a steel substrate 1 includes a steel substrate 1 and at least one preform 2 disposed within the steel substrate 1. The preform 2 includes a substrate 21 and a plurality of hard alloy rods 22 fixed to the substrate 21. The preform 2 forms a metallurgically bonded inlay structure with the steel substrate 1 through a casting process, and there is a gap between the hard alloy rod 22 and the working surface 3 of the steel substrate 1.

[0042] This structure is mainly used in crushing equipment such as mining machinery for crushing ore. The steel substrate 1, as the main working component, possesses strong structural strength and wear resistance, and is cast from high-manganese steel. The preform 2 serves as the internal skeleton of the steel substrate 1, enhancing its hardness and wear resistance from within. The preform 2 is constructed by assembling hard alloy rods 22 and a base plate 21, primarily utilizing the high hardness of hard alloys. The specific number of preforms 2 depends on the size of the working surface 3 of the steel substrate 1 and the designed size of the preform 2, but at least one preform 2 should be included. The preform 2 is formed by assembling the base plate 21 and hard alloy rods 22. The base plate 21 provides a carrier for the hard alloy rods 22, fixing multiple rods 22 in a uniform arrangement for easy and rapid installation within the forming cavity of the steel substrate 1. This provides excellent internal support for the formed steel substrate 1, resulting in a high-hardness, high-wear-resistant finished casting. The precast body 2 and the steel substrate 1 are integrated into a metallurgical structure through casting. There is a gap between the end face of the hard alloy rod 22 and the working surface 3 of the steel substrate 1, which facilitates the formation of a pre-hardened layer through machining. This structure combines the high wear resistance of hard alloy with the high toughness of the steel substrate 1, making it suitable for component structures under high impact and high wear conditions.

[0043] Specifically, refer to Figure 3 or Figure 4 The substrate 21 has a plurality of connection holes 211 along the thickness direction. (Refer to...) Figure 1 and Figure 7 Multiple hard alloy rods 22 are sequentially connected through the connecting holes 211 and welded to the substrate 21. The firmness of the fixation between the substrate 21 and the hard alloy rods 22 is a key factor in the quality of the finished casting. In this invention, connecting holes 211 are provided on the substrate 21, and the hard alloy rods 22 are inserted into the connecting holes 211. The connection between the two is achieved through the fit of the shaft and the hole. At the same time, the connection between the substrate 21 and the hard alloy rods 22 is reinforced by welding. (Refer to...) Figure 1 The welding points are located on the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate 21. Of course, the welding points can also be located on either the upper or lower surface of the substrate 21. Welding can further strengthen the firmness of the hard alloy rod in the connecting hole 211. The preform 2 formed in this way has good integrity and rigidity.

[0044] Furthermore, three different mating configurations of the connection holes 211 between the hard alloy rod 22 and the substrate 21 are provided here.

[0045] Specifically, the first form is as follows:

[0046] Reference Figure 3 The connecting hole 211 is circular. (Refer to...) Figure 5The outer surface of the cemented carbide rod 22 is a tapered cone that tapers axially, and the diameter of the connecting hole 211 is between the maximum and minimum outer diameters of the cemented carbide rod 22. The cemented carbide rod 22 and the connecting hole 211 are connected by an interference fit to form an elastic snap-fit ​​connection, with the maximum outer diameter side of the cemented carbide rod 22 close to the working surface 3 of the steel substrate 1. The conical surface design of the cemented carbide rod 22 reduces insertion resistance and ensures stability after snap-fit. The diameter of the connecting hole 211 is between the extreme outer diameters of the cemented carbide rod 22, forming uniform radial pressure under the interference fit, significantly improving the resistance to loosening and vibration tolerance. The layout with the maximum outer diameter side facing the working surface 3 optimizes stress distribution, allowing the main load to be borne by the maximum outer diameter side of the high-strength alloy rod. During crushing, the conical cemented carbide rod 22 can be more tightly bonded to the substrate 21 under the axial pressure provided by the working surface 3.

[0047] Specifically, the second form is as follows:

[0048] Reference Figure 4 The connecting hole 211 is polygonal. (Refer to...) Figure 6 The outer surface of the cemented carbide rod 22 is a pyramidal surface that tapers axially, and the diameter of the inscribed circle of the connecting hole 211 is between the diameters of the circumscribed circles of the two end faces of the cemented carbide rod 22. The cemented carbide rod 22 and the connecting hole 211 are connected by an interference fit to form an elastic snap-fit ​​connection, and the large end face of the cemented carbide rod 22 is close to the working surface 3 of the steel substrate 1. The polygonal cemented carbide rod 22 effectively prevents internal stress caused by circumferential rotation through corner constraints, and has better structural stability than a circle.

[0049] Specifically, the third form is as follows:

[0050] Reference Figure 7 The connecting hole 211 is circular, while the mating carbide rod 22 is polygonal. This fit creates a gap at the junction of the carbide rod 22 and the connecting hole 211. This gap can be used to increase the fluidity of the molten steel during casting, allowing the molten steel and the carbide rod 22 to bond together better. Of course, the carbide rod 22 and the connecting hole 211 on the substrate 21 can be any conventional form of snap-fit ​​connection between a shaft and a hole.

[0051] Furthermore, the substrate 21 can be optionally configured as one or more. (Refer to...) Figure 9When multiple substrates 21 are used, they are arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart in the thickness direction of the steel substrate 1. The shape and size of the connecting holes 211 on the same substrate 21 are preferably identical. Moving inward from the working surface 3 of the steel substrate 1, the connecting holes 211 on each substrate 21 gradually decrease in size, and the homogeneous alloy rods 22 form an elastic snap-fit ​​connection. By arranging the gradually decreasing-size connecting holes 211 in layers along the thickness direction of the steel substrate 1, a stepped stress transmission path is formed, causing the load to decrease gradually from the working surface 3 to the interior of the steel substrate 1, significantly reducing the risk of stress concentration. The multi-layered elastic snap-fit ​​composite constraint system can simultaneously suppress lateral vibration and longitudinal displacement, making it particularly suitable for high-frequency impact conditions. This hierarchical structure ensures overall rigidity while possessing excellent fatigue resistance and energy dissipation capabilities, effectively improving the strength and wear resistance of the finished casting.

[0052] It should be noted that the cone angle of the conical or pyramidal surface of the cemented carbide rod 22 ranges from 2° to 10°. The distance between the large end face of the cemented carbide rod 22 and the working surface 3 of the steel substrate 1 ranges from 3 to 30 mm. The parameter range of the cemented carbide rod 22 is: hardness ≥ HRC58, impact energy ≥ 4J. Products that can be applied to this structure include moving cone liners for cone crushers, stationary cone liners for cone crushers, jaw plates for jaw crushers, cylinder liners for ball mills, moving cone liners for gyratory crushers, and stationary cone liners for gyratory crushers.

[0053] Reference Figure 1 As shown, the casting composite process for the above-mentioned hard alloy rod embedded in the steel matrix includes the following steps:

[0054] S1. Fabrication of the preform: Multiple connection holes 211 are made on the substrate 21 along the thickness direction, and hard alloy rods 22 are sequentially assembled into the connection holes 211 and fixed by welding.

[0055] S2. Fixing the preform: A fixing rod 4 is vertically installed on the surface of the substrate 21. The preform 2 is spatially positioned by inserting the fixing rod 4 into the cavity wall 6.

[0056] S3. Composite casting: Molten steel is poured into a cavity containing preform 2, and the composite casting is formed after heat preservation and cooling.

[0057] S4. Post-processing: After heat treatment of the composite casting, the exposed part of the fixing rod 4 is removed by machining.

[0058] In step S2, the method further includes: vertically installing a support rod 5 on the side of the substrate 21 near the working surface 3, and controlling the preset distance between the large end face of the hard alloy rod 22 and the working surface 3 by adjusting the depth of the fixed rod 4 inserted into the cavity wall 6 and the extension length of the support rod 5.

[0059] The structure of the hard alloy rod 22 embedded in the steel substrate 1, prepared using the above process, has the following technical advantages: First, the preform 2 is separated from the casting process, allowing multiple preforms 2 to be processed in parallel. This modular production method of the preform 2 greatly improves production efficiency. Second, by fixing the hard alloy rod 22 to the base plate 21, rather than directly inserting it into the cavity wall 6, the stability of the hard alloy rod 22 is enhanced. During subsequent pouring, the problem of the hard alloy rod 22 falling off and floating during the filling process can be effectively avoided, thus improving the quality stability of the finished casting. Specifically, by setting a connecting hole 211 on the base plate 21 and using the tapered design of the hard alloy rod 22, the hard alloy rod 22 can be firmly locked into the connecting hole 211. At the same time, welding is used to further reinforce the two, forming a preform 2 with better structural integrity and stability. This effectively avoids the problem of easy weld point detachment encountered when welding steel nails to the hard alloy rod 22 in the prior art. Furthermore, the cemented carbide rod 22 and the steel substrate 1 are integrally formed by metallurgical casting. Compared with the finished parts assembled from the cemented carbide rod 22 and the steel substrate 1 in the prior art, this has better integrity and structural strength, while also avoiding a complex and inefficient installation process. Moreover, there is a gap between the cemented carbide rod 22 and the working surface 3 of the casting. This gap creates conditions for the initial work hardening and subsequent service hardening of the steel substrate 1, avoiding the initial processing difficulties and difficulties in achieving work hardening caused by exposed cemented carbide rods 22. Simultaneously, the distance between the cemented carbide rod 22 and the working surface 3 of the casting is determined by the insertion distance of the fixing rod 4 into the cavity wall 6, and the distance between adjacent cemented carbide rods 22 is determined by the distance between the connecting holes 211 on the base plate 21. This makes the distribution of cemented carbide rods 22 inside the casting more uniform and controllable, and allows for precise control of the distance between the cemented carbide rods 22 and the working surface 3 of the casting. This avoids the uneven distances and low efficiency caused by manually installing cemented carbide rods 22 one by one.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment uses the preparation of the moving cone liner and the fixed cone liner of a cone crusher as an example for illustration, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0062] The first step is to fabricate the preform 2. In this embodiment, a 6mm thick base plate 21 is selected. The base plate 21 is made of steel plate, and steel plates with excellent welding performance such as Q235 / 345 can be used. After positioning the connecting holes 211 on the prepared steel plate, the steel plate is fixed on the corresponding fixture. Then, according to the preset points, circular connecting holes 211 are opened in an array on the surface area of ​​the steel plate. In this embodiment, a single-layer steel plate is used. After the connecting holes 211 are processed, conical hard alloy rods 22 are inserted into the connecting holes 211 of the steel plate one by one until they are locked. Then, the hard alloy rods 22 are further reinforced at the connecting holes 211 of the base plate 21 by welding. By following this step, multiple hard alloy rods 22 are fixed to the base plate 21 one by one to form the preform 2. The fabrication process of the preform 2 and the casting process can be carried out separately, which further improves the production organization efficiency. It should be noted here that when installing, the large end face of the hard alloy rod 22 should be close to the working surface 3 of the steel base 1.

[0063] The second step is to fix the precast body 2. The purpose of this step is to embed and fix the precast body 2 as the casting skeleton in the cavity made of molding sand, in order to improve the strength and wear resistance of the finished casting. Specifically, as follows:

[0064] To ensure the stability of the preform 2 within the mold cavity, this embodiment adds a fixing hole structure to the base plate 21. The fixing hole is located between adjacent connecting holes 211, and a long screw (or expansion bolt) is installed inside. Its threaded end is fastened to the base plate 21, and the other end is inserted into the cavity wall 6. The long screw or expansion bolt serves as the fixing rod 4. The sand mold itself is strong enough to withstand the fixing stress, and reliable positioning of the preform 2 can be achieved by appropriately configuring the number of long screws. This design retains the plasticity of the sand mold while ensuring the positional accuracy of the preform 2 during the casting process through mechanical connection.

[0065] To precisely control the 10mm gap between the end face of the hard alloy rod 22 and the working surface 3 of the casting, this solution uses a support rod 5 for auxiliary positioning. The support rod 5 is made of reinforcing steel. In the step of fixing the precast body 2, one end of the support rod 5 is vertically installed on the side of the base plate 21 facing the working surface 3, and the other end supports the cavity wall 6, forming a composite fixing system with the long screws. This structure reduces the amount of long screws used while ensuring the stability of the gap between the end face of the hard alloy rod 22 and the working surface 3 of the casting through rigid support, while also taking into account both ease of construction and process accuracy requirements.

[0066] It should be noted that the "hard alloy rod 22" in this embodiment is an alloy rod with a hardness ≥ HRC58 and an impact energy ≥ 4J. However, the alloy composition of the alloy rod to achieve this hardness and impact energy is not limited. In this embodiment, the material of the hard alloy rod 22 is preferably high manganese-based titanium carbide.

[0067] The third step is composite casting: Specifically, molten high-manganese steel at a temperature range of 1500-1580℃ is poured into the mold cavity through risers in a sand mold, held at that temperature for 36 hours, and then cooled at a rate of 20-25℃ / h. After demolding, a casting blank is obtained. During the pouring and filling process, the preform 2 acts as an internal chill, which can balance the thermal field of the casting, promote the sequential solidification of the casting, enhance the feeding effect of the risers and gating system, reduce hot spots in thick areas, accelerate the solidification of the casting, and refine the grain structure. This results in a composite wear-resistant liner with a denser and finer-grained casting structure.

[0068] The fourth step is post-processing: Specifically, the casting blank is heat-treated and the exposed part of the fixing rod 4 is removed. The exposed part is the part of the fixing rod 4 that is inserted into the cavity wall 6. Specifically, the head of the exposed long screw can be cut off first, and then the working surface 3 of the entire casting is ground to meet the usage requirements of the cone crusher motor cone liner and fixed cone liner.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 As shown, this embodiment uses the preparation of jaw plates for jaw crushers as an example for illustration.

[0071] The main difference from Example 1 is that the substrate 21 is made of high-manganese steel plate, which has higher toughness.

[0072] In this embodiment, while keeping the original structure of the substrate 21 unchanged, multiple rectangular holes are added. These rectangular holes are evenly interspersed between the connecting holes 211. The purpose is to reduce the weight of the substrate 21 and also to provide some holes for the uniform flow of molten steel to obtain high-quality castings.

[0073] In this example, the fixing rod 4 is an expansion bolt. Compared with long screws, expansion bolts can more firmly fix the precast body 2 in the cavity. In the subsequent post-processing, the exposed expansion bolts can be cut off first, and then the working surface 3 of the steel base 1 can be ground to meet the usage requirements of the jaw plate of the jaw crusher.

[0074] In this example, the hard alloy rod 22 is a hexagonal pyramid, and the corresponding connecting hole 211 is a regular hexagon. Of course, the connecting hole 211 here can also be circular.

[0075] Example 3

[0076] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, this embodiment uses the preparation of a gyratory crusher fixed cone liner as an example for illustration.

[0077] The main difference from Examples 1 and 2 is that,

[0078] In this embodiment, the substrate 21 has a curved surface structure and has two layers.

[0079] In this example, the conical hard alloy rod 22 has two opposing planes. The purpose of these planes is to facilitate welding and fixing between the hard alloy rod 22 and the substrate 21. At the same time, the presence of these planes creates a gap at the circular connecting hole 211, which promotes the flow of molten steel and thus enhances the overall structural integrity after forming.

[0080] It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in this embodiment are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a specific posture (as shown in the attached figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicator will also change accordingly.

[0081] In the description of this embodiment, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0082] In this embodiment, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this embodiment according to the specific circumstances.

[0083] It should be understood that the above description of specific embodiments of the present invention is only for illustrating the technical approach and features of the present invention, and is intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. All changes or modifications made within the scope of the claims of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A structure in which a hard alloy rod is embedded in a steel matrix, characterized in that, It includes a steel substrate (1) and a preform (2) disposed within the steel substrate (1); The preform (2) includes a substrate (21) and a plurality of hard alloy rods (22) fixed to the substrate (21). The preform (2) is metallurgically bonded to the steel substrate (1) by casting process, and there is a gap between the hard alloy rod (22) and the working surface (3) of the steel substrate (1); The substrate (21) has a plurality of connecting holes (211) extending through its thickness direction. A plurality of hard alloy rods (22) are connected through the connecting holes (211) in a corresponding manner and are welded and fixed to the substrate (21). The connecting hole (211) is circular, and the hard alloy rod (22) is polygonal; a gap is formed at the connection between the hard alloy rod (22) and the connecting hole (211), which is used to increase the fluidity of molten steel during the casting process; The outer surface of the hard alloy rod (22) is a pyramidal surface that tapers along the axial direction. The end face with the larger circumscribed circle diameter of the two end faces of the hard alloy rod (22) is close to the working surface (3) of the steel substrate (1). The substrate (21) is configured as a multilayer; the multilayer substrates (21) are spaced apart from each other in the thickness direction of the steel substrate (1), and the size of the connecting holes (211) on the multilayer substrates (21) gradually decreases along the direction from the working surface (3) of the steel substrate (1), and the connecting holes (211) on each layer of the substrate (21) form an elastic snap-fit ​​connection with the hard alloy rod (22).

2. The structure of the hard alloy rod embedded in the steel matrix as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cone angle of the pyramidal surface of the hard alloy rod (22) ranges from 2° to 10°.

3. The structure of the hard alloy rod embedded in the steel matrix as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the end face with the larger outer circle diameter of the two end faces of the hard alloy rod (22) and the working surface (3) of the steel substrate (1) is 3-30mm.

4. The structure of the hard alloy rod embedded in the steel matrix as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The parameters of the hard alloy rod (22) are: hardness ≥ HRC58, impact energy ≥ 4J.

5. The structure of the hard alloy rod embedded in the steel matrix as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Products using this construction include moving cone liners for cone crushers, stationary cone liners for cone crushers, jaw plates for jaw crushers, cylinder liners for ball mills, moving cone liners for gyratory crushers, and stationary cone liners for gyratory crushers.

6. A casting composite process for embedding a hard alloy rod within a steel matrix, used to manufacture the structure of a hard alloy rod embedded within a steel matrix as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Fabrication of preform (2): Multiple connection holes (211) are opened on the substrate (21) along the thickness direction. Hard alloy rods (22) are sequentially assembled into the connection holes (211) and fixed by welding. S2, Fixing the preform (2): A fixing rod (4) is vertically installed on the surface of the substrate (21). The preform (2) is spatially positioned by inserting the fixing rod (4) into the cavity wall (6). S3, Composite casting: Molten steel is poured into a cavity containing the preform (2), and the composite casting is formed by heat preservation and cooling. S4. Post-processing: After heat treatment of the composite casting, the exposed part of the fixing rod (4) is removed by machining; In step S2, the method further includes: vertically installing a support rod (5) on the side of the substrate (21) near the working surface (3), and controlling the preset distance between the larger end face of the hard alloy rod (22) and the working surface (3) by adjusting the depth of the fixed rod (4) inserted into the cavity wall (6) and the length of the support rod (5).

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