A floating photovoltaic system capable of actively adjusting the angle of the photovoltaic module

Abstract

The application discloses a floating photovoltaic system capable of actively adjusting the angle of a photovoltaic module, comprising a floating platform composed of a plurality of floating bodies through connectors, wherein a floating body support is arranged on the top of each floating body, and an angle adjusting system is arranged above the support and connected with the top bracket. The angle adjusting system is composed of a central rotating device and a plurality of L-shaped transmission devices symmetrically distributed, wherein the rotating device comprises a track fixed on the center of the support and a straight rod connecting the track with the bracket; the horizontal part of the L-shaped transmission device comprises a photosensitive air pump and a transmission mechanism, the transmission mechanism is provided with a horizontal sliding track and a vertical direction-changing track, one side of a push piston embedded in the sliding track is connected with the photosensitive air pump through a transmission rod, and the other side is connected with the horizontal end of an L-shaped transmission elbow rod, and the horizontal end of the transmission elbow rod penetrates through the direction-changing track and is connected with the bracket. The photosensitive air pump drives the horizontal displacement of the transmission rod through air pressure change, the push piston drives the transmission elbow rod to move along the direction-changing track, the angle of the bracket is automatically adjusted, and the power generation efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of marine photovoltaic power generation technology and relates to a floating photovoltaic system with actively adjustable photovoltaic module angle. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous rise in global energy demand and increasing emphasis on environmental protection, solar energy, as a clean and renewable energy source, has become a research hotspot in the energy field. Photovoltaic technology, as one of the main ways to utilize solar energy, has achieved rapid development in recent years, with the efficiency of photovoltaic modules continuously improving and its application scenarios becoming increasingly widespread. In the development of the photovoltaic industry, the limitation of land resources has gradually become a major factor restricting the large-scale promotion of ground-mounted photovoltaic power stations. To overcome this limitation, floating photovoltaic technology has emerged. Floating photovoltaics refers to installing photovoltaic panels on the surface of a platform floating on water. This method not only eliminates the need to occupy valuable land resources, but also utilizes the cooling effect of the water surface to reduce the operating temperature of the photovoltaic panels, thereby improving power generation efficiency to a certain extent. At the same time, it also reduces water evaporation, resulting in significant economic and environmental benefits, and thus attracting widespread attention. However, floating photovoltaic systems still face many technical challenges in practical applications, especially in achieving automatic adjustment of the photovoltaic modules' azimuth angle to track the sun, which is quite difficult. The sun's position changes constantly over time, and to maximize solar energy utilization, the photovoltaic modules need to adjust their angles in real time to maintain optimal alignment with sunlight. This requires the system to have a sophisticated control system that responds to the sun's real-time position, ensuring accurate and timely adjustments. Adding to the complexity, the aquatic environment is not stable; factors such as water flow, waves, and wind continuously affect the position and attitude of the floating body. These external disturbances cause the floating body to sway and shift, making it more difficult to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic modules and stably track the sun. Compared to fixed tracking systems, the stability and dynamic response capability of floating systems become key design factors. Fixed systems are installed on solid ground and are less affected by external environmental disturbances, while floating systems operate in a dynamic aquatic environment and must be able to withstand these disturbances to maintain stable operation and efficient tracking of the photovoltaic modules. In summary, existing floating photovoltaic systems have many shortcomings in angle adjustment, and there is an urgent need for a new type of angle adjustment system to optimize the alignment of solar photovoltaic panels with sunlight, thereby significantly improving power generation efficiency, increasing energy output, reducing the required photovoltaic area, and improving return on investment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problem in the prior art that photovoltaic platforms are prone to drifting and have difficulty in automatically adjusting their azimuth angle to track sunlight, and to provide a floating photovoltaic system that can actively adjust the angle of photovoltaic modules.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution: This invention provides a floating photovoltaic system with actively adjustable photovoltaic module angle, including a floating platform, a top bracket, and a connector; The floating platform includes several floating bodies; adjacent floating bodies are connected by connectors; a floating body support is provided on the top of each floating body; an angle adjustment system is provided on the top of the floating body support; the top of the angle adjustment system is connected to a top bracket. The angle adjustment system includes a winding device and several L-shaped transmission devices symmetrically arranged around the winding device; the winding device includes a winding track and a winding rod; the winding track is located at the center of the float support; one end of the winding rod is connected to the winding track, and the other end is connected to the top bracket; The bottom horizontal portion of the L-shaped transmission device includes a photosensitive air pump and a transmission device. The transmission device has a horizontal sliding rail at its bottom and a vertical reversing rail on its side. A vertical push piston is embedded in the sliding rail. A horizontally positioned transmission rod is connected to one side of the push piston, and the other end of the transmission rod is connected to the photosensitive air pump. One end of a transmission bent rod is connected to the other side of the push piston. The transmission bent rod has an L-shaped structure, and its horizontal portion passes through the reversing rail. The top of the vertical portion of the transmission bent rod is connected to a top bracket. The pressure change of the photosensitive air pump causes the transmission rod to move horizontally, which in turn drives the push piston to move the transmission bent rod along the reversing rail, thus adjusting the angle of the top bracket.

[0005] Furthermore, it also includes mooring cables and gravity anchors; one end of the mooring cable is connected to the corner of the buoy, and the other end is connected to the gravity anchor.

[0006] Furthermore, the floating body support is a truss structure.

[0007] Furthermore, the orbital track has a circular arch structure.

[0008] Furthermore, the photosensitive air pump includes an air storage chamber, a push piston, and a photosensitive air pump housing; the air storage chamber is disposed inside the photosensitive air pump housing; the push piston is connected to the air storage chamber; the push piston is connected to a transmission rod; the air storage chamber drives the push piston to extend and retract, thereby driving the transmission rod to move, through changes in air pressure.

[0009] Furthermore, the connection point between the rotating rod and the rotating track is a revolute joint.

[0010] Furthermore, the transmission bend rod and the reversing track are connected by a sliding pair.

[0011] Furthermore, the photosensitive air pump is connected to a controller; the controller is connected to an irradiation sensor; the controller adjusts the air pressure change of the photosensitive air pump according to the parameters of the irradiation sensor.

[0012] Furthermore, the number of L-shaped transmission devices is 4, arranged in a cross-shaped symmetrical distribution.

[0013] Furthermore, photovoltaic modules are installed on the top bracket.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention discloses a floating photovoltaic system capable of actively adjusting the angle of photovoltaic modules. Through the integrated mechanical transmission structure driven by a photosensitive air pump and a rotating device, the system achieves active angle adjustment of the photovoltaic modules in aquatic environments. The system utilizes an irradiance sensor to monitor the light intensity in real time. Based on this, the controller dynamically adjusts the air pressure of the photosensitive air pump, driving the transmission rod to generate horizontal displacement. This displacement is converted into directional movement of the transmission rod within a vertically oriented track by a piston. Combined with the track constraint effect of the central rotating device, this results in a stable and controllable tilt change of the top support. This design significantly improves the tracking accuracy of the photovoltaic panel for the solar incidence angle. The unique L-shaped symmetrical transmission layout, combined with the distributed support of the floating body bracket, effectively disperses wind and wave loads while achieving a wide range of angle adjustments, ensuring structural stability in complex aquatic environments. The power transmission method of the photosensitive air pump avoids the underwater sealing problem of electrical components, significantly reducing maintenance costs. Furthermore, the design of the rotating rod and the arched track eliminates mechanical dead points during angle switching, extending the equipment's lifespan. The overall solution achieves intelligent light tracking through pure mechanical transmission, solving the technical bottleneck of floating photovoltaic systems that are difficult to precisely adjust the angle on dynamic water surfaces. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 Overall view of the floating photovoltaic platform; Figure 2 A top view of a floating photovoltaic platform; Figure 3 Side view of a floating photovoltaic platform; Figure 4 This is a magnified view of a portion of the floating platform; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the angle adjustment system.

[0017] The components are as follows: 1. Float; 2. Float support; 3. Top bracket; 4. Photovoltaic module; 5. Angle adjustment system; 501. Rotation device; 501-1. Rotation track; 501-2. Rotation rod; 502. Transmission device; 502-1. Sliding track; 502-2. Direction changing track; 502-3. Push piston; 503. Photosensitive air pump; 503-1. Air storage chamber; 503-2. Photosensitive air pump housing; 503-3. Push piston; 6. Mooring cable; 7. Gravity anchor; 8. Connector; 9. Transmission rod; 10. Transmission bent rod. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and marked in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0019] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0020] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0021] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "horizontal," or "inner" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of the invention is in use, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Furthermore, terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0022] Furthermore, the use of the term "horizontal" does not imply that the component must be absolutely horizontal, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0023] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0024] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: See Figures 1-5 This invention proposes a floating photovoltaic system with actively adjustable photovoltaic module angle, comprising a floating platform, a top bracket 3, and connectors 8. The floating platform is composed of multiple floats 1 assembled via connectors 8, with a truss-type floating support 2 mounted on top of each float 1. An angle adjustment system 5 is installed at the center of the floating support 2, comprising a rotating device 501 and symmetrically arranged L-shaped transmission devices 502. The rotating device 501 consists of an arched track and a straight rod, with the straight rod connected to the top bracket 3. The bottom of the L-shaped transmission device 502 is equipped with a photosensitive air pump 503 and a transmission mechanism. A transmission rod 9 connects the air pump piston to a bent rod, which passes through a reversing track 502-2 and connects to the top bracket 3. Changes in air pressure from the photosensitive air pump 503 drive the transmission rod 9 to move horizontally, pushing the bent rod along the track to adjust the bracket angle.

[0025] Among them, the orbital track 501-1 refers to the guide structure set at the center of the floating support 2, which can be implemented by using an arc-shaped slide rail in conjunction with a roller mechanism. Its arched structure design allows the top bracket 3 to rotate in multiple directions. The orbital straight rod 501-2 refers to the rigid connecting piece connecting the track and the bracket, which can be implemented by using a hinged linkage structure, forming a rotating pair connection to ensure the freedom of angle adjustment. The L-shaped transmission device 502 refers to the power transmission mechanism with horizontal and vertical motion components, which can be implemented by using a split piston rod and crank structure. The horizontal sliding track 502-1 and the vertical direction-changing track 502-2 form orthogonal motion constraints. The transmission curved rod 10 refers to the conversion mechanism that converts horizontal displacement into vertical motion, which can be implemented by using an L-shaped metal rod in conjunction with a track slider structure. Its sliding pair connection method ensures that the motion trajectory is precise and controllable.

[0026] Specifically, the floating body platform forms a stable support base through modular connection, and the truss-type floating support 2 provides rigid support. When the water surface fluctuation causes the floating body to tilt, the symmetrically distributed L-shaped transmission devices 502 counteract the influence of external force through reverse movement. The photosensitive air pump 503 changes its internal air pressure according to the change of real-time irradiance, and pushes the transmission rod 9 to produce horizontal displacement. The transmission rod 9 drives the piston 503-3 to move in the sliding rail 502-1, and drives the horizontal end of the curved transmission rod 10 to slide along the direction-changing rail 502-2. The vertical end of the curved rod drives the top bracket 3 to rotate around the axis of the revolving rail 501-1, so as to realize the adjustment of the pitching angle of the photovoltaic module 4. The revolving straight rod 501-2 forms a fulcrum when rotating in the rail, and cooperates with multiple sets of transmission devices 502 to move synergistically to complete the azimuth angle adjustment. The linkage mechanism enables the photovoltaic module 4 to maintain an optimal light-receiving angle in the dynamic water surface environment.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the traditional water surface photovoltaic system adopts a single driving source for overall adjustment, which is easily impacted by waves and leads to adjustment failure. The present invention forms multi-point support through symmetrically distributed transmission devices 502, which effectively disperses the stress generated by water surface disturbance. In the prior art, the hydraulic drive system requires complex pipeline layout, while the present invention adopts a modular air pump directly integrated in the transmission mechanism, which significantly reduces the complexity of the system. Compared with the fixed gear transmission mechanism, the rail-guided curved rod transmission method has higher freedom of movement and can meet the requirements of multi-dimensional angle adjustment. The photosensitive air pump 503 directly responds to changes in environmental parameters, eliminating the signal conversion link of traditional sensors and controllers, and improves the system response speed.

[0028] Through the above technical solution, the present invention realizes stable angle adjustment of the photovoltaic module 4 under the condition of water surface fluctuation, and solves the problem of insufficient tracking accuracy caused by environmental interference in the traditional floating system. The symmetrical transmission structure effectively counteracts the influence of external force and maintains the stability of the adjustment process. The photosensitive drive mechanism directly responds to changes in irradiance, ensuring the real-time performance and accuracy of angle adjustment. The modular design reduces the difficulty of system maintenance and prolongs the service life of the equipment. While ensuring the overall stability of the floating body platform, the structure realizes the high-precision solar tracking function of the photovoltaic module 4.

[0029] The present invention further provides a structure comprising mooring cables 6 and gravity anchors 7; one end of the mooring cable 6 is connected to the corner end of the floating body, and the other end is connected to the gravity anchor 7.

[0030] The mooring cable 6 is a flexible connecting component used to limit the displacement of the floating platform. It can be made of high-strength fiber material or composite cable. Its function is to balance external environmental interference through the tension between the anchor point and the floating body, preventing the floating body from shifting due to water flow or wind. The gravity anchor 7 is an underwater anchoring device that provides fixing force through its own weight. It can be made of concrete blocks, metal blocks, or counterweight structures. Its function is to provide a stable fixing point for the mooring cable 6, ensuring that the floating platform maintains its preset position in the water environment.

[0031] Specifically, one end of the mooring cable 6 is connected to the corner of the floating body, and the other end is fixed to the seabed by a gravity anchor 7. When the floating body is subjected to water currents, waves, or wind, the mooring cable 6 restricts the horizontal displacement of the floating body through its tension, while the gravity anchor 7 resists the drag force of the floating body through its own weight. The two work together to keep the floating platform in a relatively stable position in the water environment, avoiding the failure of the photovoltaic module 4 angle adjustment due to external interference.

[0032] Compared to existing technologies, traditional floating photovoltaic systems typically employ a single anchoring method or a rigid connection structure, making it difficult to adapt to multi-directional disturbances in dynamic water environments. This invention, through a combination of flexible mooring cables 6 and gravity anchoring 7, can disperse loads under external forces in different directions, reducing local stress at the anchoring points. Simultaneously, it allows the floating body to adaptively adjust within a certain range, reducing the risk of system damage caused by rigid constraints.

[0033] Through the above technical solution, the present invention effectively suppresses the displacement and swaying of the floating platform caused by dynamic changes in the water surface environment, ensuring that the angle adjustment system 5 operates on a stable basis, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the photovoltaic module 4 in tracking the sun.

[0034] The present invention further proposes that the floating support 2 is a truss structure.

[0035] Among them, the truss structure refers to a spatial frame structure composed of multiple triangular units, which can be implemented by welding or bolting metal profiles. The geometric stability of the triangular units achieves high load-bearing capacity and lightweight design. In floating photovoltaic systems, the truss structure can distribute the load generated by the photovoltaic modules and regulating devices to the floating platform, while its open structure reduces water flow resistance.

[0036] Specifically, the truss-type floating support 2 forms a grid-like support system through the intersection of horizontal and vertical members. When water surface fluctuations cause the floating platform to sway, the spatial stiffness of the truss structure can effectively suppress the torsional deformation of the support, preventing deviations in the angle adjustment system 5 due to foundation deformation. The connection nodes between the members can adopt hinged or rigid connections; for example, welded nodes are preferred in waters with frequent wave impacts to enhance the overall bending resistance. While maintaining sufficient support strength, this structure reduces the overall weight by using hollow tubing, preventing the floating body from tilting due to excessive support weight.

[0037] Compared to existing technologies, traditional floating photovoltaic systems mostly use solid plate-like or single-layer frame supports. These structures are prone to localized fractures and difficult to control deformation under dynamic loads. Truss structures, on the other hand, transform concentrated loads into axial forces in the members through a spatial force-bearing system. This avoids stress concentration problems and improves structural reliability through redundant design.

[0038] Through the above technical solution, the present invention enhances the deformation resistance of the floating support 2 in complex aquatic environments, ensures the basic stability of the angle adjustment system 5, and enables the photovoltaic module 4 to maintain a precise tracking angle under water swaying conditions, thereby improving the light energy capture efficiency.

[0039] The present invention further proposes that the orbital track 501-1 is an arch structure.

[0040] The orbital track 501-1 refers to the guide component in the angle adjustment system 5 used to guide the movement trajectory of the orbital rod 501-2. Specifically, it can be implemented using an arc-shaped or semi-circular curved surface structure, and its radius of curvature can be adapted according to the size of the floating platform. The arch structure forms a continuous arc-shaped movement path, enabling the orbital rod 501-2 to maintain a stable axis of rotation during the adjustment process.

[0041] Specifically, the orbital track 501-1 is positioned at the center of the floating support 2, with the axis of symmetry of the arch structure coinciding with the perpendicular bisector of the floating platform. When the photosensitive air pump 503 drives the transmission rod 9 to produce a horizontal displacement, it pushes the piston 503-3502-3 to move along the sliding track 502-1, causing the transmission bent rod 10 to slide within the reversing track 502-2. At this time, the orbital straight rod 501-2 rotates along the curved trajectory of the arch structure, causing the top bracket 3 to change its tilt angle around the fixed fulcrum. The geometric characteristics of the arch structure ensure that the orbital straight rod 501-2 maintains surface contact with the track during rotation, avoiding local stress concentration. Simultaneously, the symmetrical distribution of the arch structure allows the torque generated by multiple L-shaped transmission devices 502 to be evenly transmitted to the top bracket 3, achieving synchronous adjustment of the photovoltaic module 4 angle.

[0042] Compared to existing technologies, traditional floating photovoltaic systems often employ linear tracks or hinged connections, which are prone to motion jamming or component wear in dynamic water environments. The continuous curved surface design of the arched structure eliminates dead points, making the rotation around the moving rod 501-2 smoother and reducing frictional resistance between the track and the rod. This structure maintains a stable contact between the moving rod 501-2 and the track even when the floating platform sways due to water flow impact.

[0043] Through the above technical solution, the present invention effectively solves the problem of motion instability caused by track structure design defects during the angle adjustment process of floating photovoltaic systems. The application of the arch structure significantly improves the anti-interference capability of the rotating device 501 in a dynamic water environment, enhances the continuity and reliability of the angle adjustment action of the photovoltaic module 4, and reduces the wear rate of mechanical parts, thus extending the service life of the system.

[0044] The present invention further proposes a photosensitive air pump 503 including an air storage chamber 503-1, a push piston 502-3, and a photosensitive air pump 503 housing 503-2. The air storage chamber 503-1 is disposed inside the photosensitive air pump 503 housing 503-2. The push piston 503-3 is connected to the air storage chamber 503-1 and is connected to the transmission rod 9. The air storage chamber 503-1 drives the push piston 503-3 to extend and retract through changes in air pressure, thereby driving the transmission rod 9 to move.

[0045] The gas storage chamber 503-1 is a sealed space that contains gas and generates mechanical energy using pressure changes. It can be implemented using a cavity structure made of metal or high-strength polymer material, and its internal pressure changes can be adjusted by an external control unit. The piston 503-3 (502-3) is a mechanical component that converts pressure changes into linear motion. It can be implemented using a plunger structure with a sealing ring, and its contact surface with the gas storage chamber 503-1 is sealed with a sealing material to prevent gas leakage. The photosensitive air pump 503 housing 503-2 is a protective structure that encloses and secures the internal components. It can be made of corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy or engineering plastic, and its internal space forms a closed environment with the gas storage chamber 503-1, ensuring that pressure changes are stably transmitted to the piston 503-3.

[0046] Specifically, the photosensitive air pump 503 drives the piston 503-3 to extend and retract axially by adjusting the internal air pressure of the air storage chamber 503-1. The linear motion of the piston 503-3 directly acts on the transmission rod 9, which transmits power to the piston 503-3 within the sliding track 502-1, thereby causing the transmission curved rod 10 to slide within the reversing track 502-2. The air storage chamber 503-1 is connected to an external controller, which can adjust the internal air pressure in real time based on sensor signals, matching the displacement of the piston 503-3 to the changing solar angle. The outer casing 503-2 of the photosensitive air pump 503 provides rigid support for the internal components while isolating them from moisture and external impacts, ensuring the stability and reliability of the air pressure transmission process.

[0047] Compared with existing technologies, the pneumatic drive device of traditional floating photovoltaic systems usually adopts an independent cylinder and air pump design, resulting in complex structure and response delay. This solution integrates the air storage chamber 503-1 and the push piston 503-3 into the housing 503-2 of the photosensitive air pump 503, forming a compact integrated power unit. This eliminates air pressure loss caused by pipeline connections, and shortens the power transmission path through the direct linkage between the push piston 503-3 and the transmission rod 9.

[0048] Through the above technical solution, the present invention achieves efficient matching between the power output of the photosensitive air pump 503 and the angle adjustment requirements, solves the problem of response lag caused by the loose structure of the air pressure drive system in the water environment, improves the accuracy and dynamic response capability of the photovoltaic module 4 angle adjustment, and enhances the stability of the system in the wave disturbance environment.

[0049] The present invention further proposes that the connection between the rotating straight rod 501-2 and the rotating track 501-1 is a rotating pair connection.

[0050] Among them, a revolute joint connection refers to a kinematic pair between two components that only allows relative rotation around a specific axis. Specifically, it can be implemented using a hinge structure or a bearing structure. This connection method can constrain the translational degree of freedom between components but retain the rotational degree of freedom. In this design, the revolute joint connection enables the rotating straight rod 501-2 and the rotating track 501-1 to form a rotatable engagement relationship, providing the basic kinematic degree of freedom for the angle adjustment of the top bracket 3.

[0051] Specifically, the rotating rod 501-2 forms a revolute joint with the revolute track 501-1 through a hinge point. When the L-shaped transmission device 502 pushes the top bracket 3, the rotating rod 501-2 can rotate freely around the hinge point. This revolute joint forms a dynamic fulcrum on the arched surface of the revolute track 501-1, ensuring that the rotating rod 501-2 remains in contact with the track during angle adjustment. The axis of rotation of the revolute joint is perpendicular to the plane of the float support 2, ensuring that the rotation trajectory of the rotating rod 501-2 in the horizontal plane matches the curvature of the revolute track 501-1.

[0052] Compared to existing technologies, traditional floating photovoltaic systems often use fixed connections for their support members, leading to stress concentration during angle adjustments. This solution uses a rotating joint connection to create a dynamic fit between the support structure and the track, eliminating motion interference caused by rigid connections, reducing the risk of mechanical wear, and enhancing the system's adaptability to water surface fluctuations.

[0053] Through the above technical solution, the present invention achieves low-friction motion transmission between the rotating straight rod 501-2 and the track, effectively improving the smoothness of the angle adjustment process. The rotating joint connection enables the rotating device 501 to automatically adjust its rotation angle according to the displacement of the transmission bent rod 10, avoiding structural jamming caused by asynchronous multi-point driving, and ensuring that the photovoltaic module 4 maintains stable tracking accuracy in a dynamic water surface environment.

[0054] The present invention further proposes that the transmission bending rod 10 and the reversing track 502-2 are connected by a sliding pair.

[0055] The sliding pair connection refers to a motion constraint method that allows two mechanical components to slide relative to each other only in a specific direction. This can be achieved through a guide rail and slider cooperation structure, such as setting a groove in the deflection track 502-2 and installing a suitable roller or slider on the horizontal part of the transmission rod 10. This connection method restricts the degree of freedom of the transmission rod 10, ensuring it slides only along the preset path of the deflection track 502-2, avoiding unexpected deflection caused by water surface sloshing. The sliding pair connection also improves the response speed of angle adjustment by reducing the frictional resistance of the contact surface and ensuring the smoothness of the movement of the transmission rod 10 within the deflection track 502-2.

[0056] Specifically, when the photosensitive air pump 503 is driven by changes in light intensity, the resulting change in air pressure pushes the piston 503-3 horizontally via the transmission rod 9. The piston 503-3 causes the horizontal portion of the transmission rod 10 to displace along the sliding track 502-1, while the vertical portion of the transmission rod 10 is constrained by the reversing track 502-2, forcing the rod to displace vertically along the reversing track 502-2. During this process, the sliding pair connection between the transmission rod 10 and the reversing track 502-2 allows for relative sliding, and the track shape guides the rod's trajectory, ultimately converting the horizontal driving force into a pitch angle adjustment action for the top bracket 3. The guiding effect of the sliding pair counteracts the interference of water surface fluctuations on the transmission path, ensuring the stability of the angle adjustment.

[0057] Compared to existing technologies, traditional floating photovoltaic systems often use hinged or fixed connections for their transmission components, which can easily lead to transmission jamming or positioning deviations in dynamic water environments due to frictional resistance or mechanical backlash. Sliding pair connections, by constraining the direction of motion and reducing the coefficient of friction, make the movement trajectory of the transmission rod 10 more precise, while also reducing mechanical wear, thereby improving the system's adjustment reliability in complex environments.

[0058] Through the above technical solution, the present invention achieves low-friction, high-precision motion transmission between the transmission rod 10 and the reversing track 502-2, effectively suppressing the influence of water surface swaying on the angle adjustment mechanism. The sliding pair connection makes the movement of the transmission rod 10 within the reversing track 502-2 smoother, avoiding energy loss due to mechanical resistance, ensuring that the top bracket 3 can quickly respond to changes in sunlight to complete angle adjustment, and ultimately improving the tracking accuracy of the photovoltaic module 4 for the sun's position.

[0059] The present invention further proposes that the photosensitive air pump 503 is connected to a controller, the controller is connected to an irradiation sensor, and the controller adjusts the air pressure change of the photosensitive air pump 503 according to the parameters of the irradiation sensor.

[0060] The photosensitive air pump 503 is a device that drives the transmission rod 9 to generate displacement through changes in air pressure. Specifically, it can be implemented using a structure with a built-in air storage chamber 503-1 and a pushing piston 503-3502-3. Changes in air pressure in the air storage chamber 503-1 cause the piston 503-3502-3 to extend or retract, thereby moving the transmission rod 9. The controller is a device used to receive signals and control changes in air pressure. Specifically, it can be implemented using an embedded microprocessor or a programmable logic controller (PLC), generating control commands by receiving data from the irradiance sensor. The irradiance sensor is a device used to detect the intensity of solar irradiance. Specifically, it can be implemented using a photodiode or thermopile sensor, measuring the intensity and angle of light in the environment in real time.

[0061] Specifically, irradiation sensors are positioned on the surface of the photovoltaic module 4 or around the floating platform to collect data on the incident angle and intensity of sunlight. After receiving the sensor signals, the controller calculates the required adjustment angle of the photovoltaic module 4 according to a preset algorithm and generates a corresponding air pressure adjustment command. The photosensitive air pump 503 adjusts the air pressure in the air storage chamber 503-1 according to the command, pushing the piston 503-3 to move the transmission rod 9 horizontally. This, in turn, drives the top bracket 3 to rotate around the orbital track 501-1 via the transmission bent rod 10, ultimately achieving dynamic adjustment of the photovoltaic module 4's angle.

[0062] Compared to existing technologies, traditional floating photovoltaic systems typically rely on fixed supports or manual adjustments, making them unable to respond in real time to changes in the sun's position and disturbances caused by water surface fluctuations. Existing systems using mechanical transmission structures lack environmental awareness, and the adjustment process is often delayed. This solution, however, establishes a closed-loop feedback system between an irradiance sensor and a controller, enabling proactive angle adjustments based on real-time environmental data to adapt to dynamic disturbances caused by water surface movement.

[0063] Through the above technical solution, the present invention solves the problem of insufficient adjustment accuracy of floating photovoltaic systems caused by unstable water surface environment, realizes the dynamic tracking of the sun position by photovoltaic module 4, ensures that the incident angle of light is always in the optimal state, thereby improving power generation efficiency and reducing energy loss.

[0064] The present invention further proposes a floating photovoltaic system with an actively adjustable 4-angle photovoltaic module, wherein there are 4 sets of L-shaped transmission devices 502, which are distributed in a cross-shaped symmetrical manner.

[0065] The L-shaped transmission device 502 refers to a right-angle transmission mechanism consisting of a photosensitive air pump 503, a transmission device 502, and a transmission bent rod 10. Specifically, it can be implemented using a combination of a metal connecting rod and a sliding rail 502-1, used to convert the horizontal thrust generated by the air pump into a vertical angle adjustment force. The cross-symmetrical distribution refers to the four sets of transmission devices 502 being symmetrically arranged along the longitudinal and transverse axes of the floating support 2, respectively. Specifically, this can be achieved using an orthogonal arrangement. This layout can balance environmental interference forces from different directions, ensuring the photovoltaic module 4 maintains adjustment stability under multi-dimensional stress conditions.

[0066] Specifically, four sets of L-shaped transmission devices 502 are installed at the four positions of the float support 2. The photosensitive air pump 503 of each set of transmission devices 502 is linked to the push piston 503-3 through the transmission rod 9. When the water surface environment generates fluctuations in different directions, the cross-shaped symmetrically distributed transmission devices 502 can simultaneously respond to disturbances from both longitudinal and lateral directions. Through the cooperation of the sliding rail 502-1 and the reversing rail 502-2, the multi-directional forces are converted into coordinated angle adjustment of the top bracket 3. The rotating joint connection of the rotating rod 501-2 on the rotating rail 501-1 allows the top bracket 3 to perform compound movements. The four sets of transmission bent rods 10 synchronously change the thrust direction through the reversing rail 502-2, forming a spatial four-point support structure.

[0067] In some specific embodiments, the photosensitive air pump 503 can be made of photosensitive resin material to reduce weight, and the horizontal part of the transmission rod 10 can be equipped with a roller mechanism that cooperates with the reversing track 502-2, for example, using nylon rollers to reduce the coefficient of friction. The clearance between the push piston 503-3 and the sliding track 502-1 can be set to a range of 0.5-1 mm, which ensures freedom of movement while preventing water impurities from entering.

[0068] Compared with existing technologies, traditional floating photovoltaic systems often use single-sided or double-sided drive devices 502, which are prone to torque imbalance and regulation failure under wave impact. This solution forms a spatial balance structure through four sets of orthogonally arranged drive devices 502, which can effectively counteract the combined directional interference forces generated by the water surface environment and avoid mechanical jamming caused by excessive local forces.

[0069] Through the above technical solution, the present invention achieves stable angle adjustment of the photovoltaic module 4 under multi-dimensional interference environment. The four symmetrically distributed transmission devices 502 form a redundant drive system. When any one set of devices stops working due to failure, the remaining three sets can still maintain basic adjustment function. This layout significantly improves the environmental adaptability of the angle adjustment mechanism, ensuring that the photovoltaic module 4 can maintain the optimal light-receiving angle under different water flow directions and wind forces.

[0070] The present invention further proposes that a photovoltaic module 4 is provided on the top bracket 3.

[0071] The photovoltaic module 4 refers to the device that converts solar energy into electrical energy. It can be made of materials such as monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, or thin-film batteries, and forms a power generation unit through series or parallel connection. It is directly installed on the surface of the top bracket 3 to achieve light energy absorption and conversion. The top bracket 3 is the structure that supports and fixes the photovoltaic module 4. It can be made of a metal frame or composite materials, and its tilt angle is changed by the angle adjustment system 5 to adapt to changes in the sun's position and maintain stable support for the photovoltaic module 4.

[0072] Specifically, the photovoltaic module 4 is fixed to the surface of the top bracket 3 by bolts or clips, and its surface is covered with a light-transmitting protective layer to prevent moisture corrosion. When the angle adjustment system 5 drives the transmission rod 9 through the photosensitive air pump 503, it pushes the piston 503-3 to move the transmission bent rod 10 along the reversing track 502-2, thereby driving the top bracket 3 to rotate around the rotating track 501-1. The photovoltaic module 4 adjusts its angle synchronously with the top bracket 3, so that it is always approximately perpendicular to the sunlight, thereby improving the light energy absorption efficiency. For example, when the solar altitude angle is at its maximum at noon, the top bracket 3 can be adjusted to a horizontal state to maximize the light-receiving area; while when the solar altitude angle is lower in the morning and evening, the top bracket 3 is tilted to capture more incident light.

[0073] Compared to existing technologies, current floating photovoltaic systems typically fix the photovoltaic modules 4 directly to the surface of the floating body, making it impossible to dynamically adjust the angle according to the sun's position, thus limiting the utilization rate of solar energy. This solution, through the synergistic effect of the top bracket 3 and the angle adjustment system 5, enables the photovoltaic modules 4 to respond to changes in the sun's position in real time, overcoming the impact of water surface swaying on the accuracy of angle adjustment, while avoiding the energy loss caused by traditional fixed installations.

[0074] Through the above technical solution, the present invention realizes stable angle adjustment of photovoltaic module 4 in dynamic water environment, ensuring that it can maintain high-efficiency power generation under different solar altitude angles and azimuth angles, and solves the problem of low energy conversion efficiency caused by fixed angle in existing floating photovoltaic systems.

[0075] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A floating photovoltaic system with actively adjustable photovoltaic module angle, characterized in that, Includes a floating platform, a top bracket (3), and a connector (8); The floating platform includes several floating bodies (1); adjacent floating bodies (1) are connected by connectors (8); a floating body support (2) is provided on the top of the floating body (1); an angle adjustment system (5) is provided on the top of the floating body support (2); the top of the angle adjustment system (5) is connected to the top bracket (3); The angle adjustment system (5) includes a winding device (501) and several L-shaped transmission devices symmetrically arranged around the winding device (501); the winding device (501) includes a winding track (501-1) and a winding rod (501-2); the winding track (501-1) is located at the center of the float support (2); one end of the winding rod (501-2) is connected to the winding track (501-1), and the other end is connected to the top bracket (3); The bottom horizontal part of the L-shaped transmission device includes a photosensitive air pump (503) and a transmission device (502); the bottom of the transmission device (502) is provided with a horizontal sliding rail (502-1), and the side is provided with a vertical reversing rail (502-2); a vertical push piston (502-3) is embedded in the sliding rail (502-1); a horizontally arranged transmission rod (9) is connected to one side of the push piston (502-3), and the other end of the transmission rod (9) is connected to the photosensitive air pump (503); the push piston (502-3) is connected to the photosensitive air pump (502-3); the bottom horizontal part of the transmission device (502-1) includes a photosensitive air pump (503) and a transmission device (502-2); the bottom horizontal part of the transmission device (502-1) includes a photosensitive air pump (502-3) and a transmission device (502-2); the bottom horizontal part of the transmission device (502-1) includes a photosensitive air pump (502-3) and a transmission device (502-2); the bottom horizontal part of the transmission device (502-1) includes a photosensitive air pump (502-3) and a transmission device (502-2); the bottom horizontal part of the transmission device (502-3 ... 2-3) The other side is connected to one end of the transmission bend rod (10). The transmission bend rod (10) is an L-shaped structure. The horizontal part of the transmission bend rod (10) passes through the reversing track (502-2). The top of the vertical part of the transmission bend rod (10) is connected to the top bracket (3). The air pressure change of the photosensitive air pump (503) drives the transmission rod (9) to produce a horizontal displacement. The transmission rod (9) drives the push piston (502-3) to move, thereby driving the transmission bend rod (10) to change direction along the reversing track (502-2) to realize the adjustment of the angle of the top bracket (3). The photosensitive air pump (503) includes an air storage chamber (503-1), a push piston (502-3), and a photosensitive air pump housing (503-2); the air storage chamber (503-1) is located inside the photosensitive air pump housing (503-2); the push piston (502-3) is connected to the air storage chamber (503-1); the push piston (502-3) is connected to the transmission rod (9); the air storage chamber (503-1) drives the push piston (502-3) to extend and retract through changes in air pressure, thereby driving the transmission rod (9) to move.

2. The floating photovoltaic system with actively adjustable photovoltaic module angle according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a mooring cable (6) and a gravity anchor (7); one end of the mooring cable (6) is connected to the corner of the float (1), and the other end is connected to the gravity anchor (7).

3. The floating photovoltaic system with actively adjustable photovoltaic module angle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The floating support (2) is a truss structure.

4. The floating photovoltaic system with actively adjustable photovoltaic module angle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating track (501-1) has a circular arch structure.

5. The floating photovoltaic system with actively adjustable photovoltaic module angle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connection between the rotating straight rod (501-2) and the rotating track (501-1) is a rotating joint.

6. The floating photovoltaic system with actively adjustable photovoltaic module angle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission bending rod (10) and the reversing track (502-2) are connected by a sliding pair.

7. The floating photovoltaic system with actively adjustable photovoltaic module angle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photosensitive air pump (503) is connected to a controller; the controller is connected to an irradiation sensor; the controller adjusts the air pressure of the photosensitive air pump (503) according to the parameters of the irradiation sensor.

8. The floating photovoltaic system with actively adjustable photovoltaic module angle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of L-shaped transmission devices is 4, arranged in a cross-shaped symmetrical distribution.

9. The floating photovoltaic system with actively adjustable photovoltaic module angle according to claim 1, characterized in that, A photovoltaic module (4) is installed on the top bracket (3).

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