An integrated turbine outer ring segment structure combining metal and ceramic components

Abstract

The application provides an integrated turbine outer ring segment structure of metal and ceramic components, belonging to the technical field of aero-engines, which comprises a metal support segment fixedly connected with a turbine casing, a ceramic-based outer ring segment with a front mounting edge and a rear mounting edge on the outer side, the ceramic-based outer ring segment being radially arranged in the inner cavity of the metal support segment, the metal support segment and the ceramic-based outer ring segment being limited in the radial and circumferential directions by a front pin shaft and a rear pin shaft arranged in the axial direction, a damping spring plate arranged in the inner cavity of the metal support segment, a convex structure being formed on the damping spring plate, the convex structure being elastically pre-pressed and tightly matched with a cylindrical surface of the ceramic-based outer ring segment, a front clamping ring arranged in the pin hole of the metal support segment, an elastic sealing ring arranged between the metal support segment and the ceramic-based outer ring segment on the front side, the elastic sealing ring pre-pressing the ceramic-based outer ring segment against the rear end surface of the metal support segment, and a rear sealing plate mounted on the rear pin shaft, the rear sealing plate realizing the axial limitation of the rear pin and the gap sealing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of aero-engines, and specifically relates to an integrated turbine outer ring sector structure that combines metal and ceramic components. Background Technology

[0002] To meet the ever-increasing inlet temperatures of modern aero-engine turbines, the development and use of high-temperature resistant materials have become essential. Currently, turbine inlet temperatures can reach around 2000K or even higher. High-temperature metal components facing the flow channel are no longer suitable for this high-temperature environment, even with cooling channels installed inside the components or on their surfaces. To meet the extreme high temperatures of turbines, replacing metal components in turbines with ceramic-based composite reinforced materials has become an essential aspect of turbine development.

[0003] Ceramic matrix composite reinforced materials are one-third lighter than high-temperature alloys, and possess high hardness, high strength, and high-temperature resistance. However, they also have fatal flaws—high brittleness, lack of ductility, and very low elastic strain; damage can occur with an elastic strain of approximately 0.05. Existing ceramic matrix composite reinforced material components for engine turbines cannot be directly connected and fitted to metal components, requiring special structures or components for transitions, connections, vibration damping, sealing, heat insulation, and so on. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide an integrated turbine outer ring sector structure combining metal and ceramic components to solve or mitigate at least one of the problems in the prior art.

[0005] The technical solution of this application is: an integrated turbine outer ring sector structure combining metal and ceramic components, comprising:

[0006] Metal support sector fixedly connected to the turbine casing;

[0007] A ceramic-based outer ring fan segment with a front mounting edge and a rear mounting edge is radially inserted into the inner cavity of the metal support fan block. The metal support fan block and the ceramic-based outer ring fan block are radially and circumferentially limited by the axially arranged front and rear pins.

[0008] A shock-absorbing spring is set in the inner cavity of the metal support fan block. The shock-absorbing spring forms a protruding structure towards the ceramic base outer ring fan block. During integration, the protruding structure forms an elastic pre-compression fit with the cylindrical surface of the ceramic base outer ring fan block.

[0009] The front retaining ring, which is set in the pin hole of the metal support block, is used to axially prevent the front pin from falling off.

[0010] An elastic sealing ring is disposed between the metal support fan block and the front side of the ceramic-based outer ring fan block, the elastic sealing ring pre-pressing the ceramic-based outer ring fan block against the rear end face of the lug on the rear side of the metal support fan block; and

[0011] A rear sealing plate installed on the rear pin shaft, the rear sealing plate realizes the axial limit of the rear pin and seals the gap between the ceramic outer ring fan block and the rear stator guide vane edge plate.

[0012] In at least one embodiment of this application, the outer side of the metal support sector has an axially arranged front hook and a rear hook, which are inserted into the slots of the turbine casing housing, and the metal support sector is connected to the turbine casing housing by a radial pin.

[0013] In at least one embodiment of this application, both the metal support sector and the ceramic-based outer ring sector are provided with two pin holes in the circumferential direction for the insertion of the front pin and / or the rear pin.

[0014] In at least one embodiment of this application, a heat-insulating and vibration-damping pad is provided in the pin hole of the ceramic-based outer ring sector.

[0015] In at least one embodiment of this application, the heat-insulating and vibration-damping pad includes a heat-insulating asbestos pad and a ceramic washer.

[0016] In at least one embodiment of this application, the front side of the ceramic-based outer ring fan block is provided with an air film hole.

[0017] In at least one embodiment of this application, the damping spring is a damping spring formed by two Z-shaped pieces overlapping each other, or the damping spring is an integral box-shaped structure.

[0018] In at least one embodiment of this application, the front retaining ring is a W-shaped or double W-shaped open double-layer elastic retaining ring.

[0019] In at least one embodiment of this application, the rear sealing plate includes a vertical portion and a horizontal portion. The vertical portion is provided with a circular hole for the rear pin to pass through, and the horizontal portion is provided with a baffle plate bent toward the rear pin at a position adapted to the circular hole. The baffle plate is used to protect the rear pin and prevent it from axially protruding.

[0020] In at least one embodiment of this application, the upper edge of the vertical portion of the rear sealing plate is provided with an upper folded edge and the connection between the vertical portion and the horizontal portion is provided with a lower folded edge. The upper folded edge is pre-pressed into the groove formed by the metal support fan block and the turbine casing during assembly. The lower folded edge is in a vertical state during assembly and is close to the rear cylindrical surface of the ceramic base outer ring fan block 21. At the same time, the end of the horizontal portion of the rear sealing plate is provided with a hook. After the rear sealing plate is assembled, the shape of the hook makes the corner of the rear cylindrical surface and the front end of the guide vane edge plate pressed together.

[0021] The integrated turbine outer ring sector block structure provided in this application uses a metal support sector block to clamp and fix the ceramic-based outer ring sector block in all directions to prevent it from coming off during operation. It also has an all-round shock absorption function to overcome various impact forces and forces from the operation and transmit them to the metal outer ring support block. It can replace the metal-based turbine outer ring sector block of the prior art, and is lower in cost and easier to implement. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions provided in this application, the accompanying drawings will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this application.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the turbine outer ring integrated sector block structure combining metal and ceramic components according to this application.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the conical spiral spring mounting structure according to an embodiment of this application.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the rear sealing plate structure in this application.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the rear sealing plate and rear pin after installation in this application.

[0027] Figure label:

[0028] 10-Turbine casing

[0029] 20-Integrated sector structure

[0030] 21-Metal support fan block, 211-Front hook, 212-Rear hook

[0031] 22-Ceramic-based outer ring fan block, 221-Front mounting edge, 222-Rear mounting edge, 223-Air film hole

[0032] 23-Front Pin

[0033] 24-Front rim

[0034] 25-Rear Pin

[0035] 26-Vibration damping spring

[0036] 27-Rear sealing plate, 271-Round hole, 272-Baffle plate, 273-Upper folded edge, 274-Lower folded edge, 275-Hook

[0037] 28-Elastic sealing ring

[0038] 29-Conical Spiral Bullet

[0039] 30-Turbine rotor blades Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] In order to realize the connection or assembly of ceramic matrix composite components and metal components in engine turbines, this application provides a turbine outer ring composed of metal and ceramic components and its integrated sector block structure.

[0042] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, this application provides a turbine outer ring integrated fan block structure combining metal and ceramic components. The integrated fan block structure 20 includes a metal support fan block 21, a ceramic base outer ring fan block 22, a front pin 23, a rear pin 25, a damping spring 26, a front retaining ring 24, and a rear sealing plate 27.

[0043] The outer side of the metal support sector 21 has an axially arranged front hook 211 and a rear hook 212. The front hook 211 and the rear hook 212 are inserted into slots provided on the turbine casing 10. The metal support sector 21 and the turbine casing 10 are limited by a radial pin, thereby realizing the connection between the metal support sector 21 and the turbine casing 10. In this embodiment of the application, the radial pin is provided at the front hook 211. It can be understood that the radial pin can also be provided at the rear hook 212.

[0044] Due to the characteristics of ceramic manufacturing processes, the current outer ring fan blocks are... Only a cross-sectional shape similar to a π-shape can be used for the pressing process. This application uses the above-mentioned cross-sectional shape as the basic configuration of the ceramic-based outer ring fan block 22. The outer surface of the ceramic-based outer ring fan block 22 is provided with two axial mounting edges—namely, the front mounting edge 221 and the rear mounting edge 222. The ceramic-based outer ring fan block 22 is radially inserted into the inner cavity of the metal support fan block 21. The front pin 23 and the rear pin 25, which are axially inserted into the pin holes of both, limit the radial and circumferential positioning of the metal support fan block 21 and the ceramic-based outer ring fan block 22.

[0045] In this application, to ensure the relative fixation of the metal support fan block 21 and the ceramic base outer ring fan block 22, each metal support fan block 21 and ceramic base outer ring fan block 22 is provided with two pin holes in the circumferential direction for the insertion of the front pin shaft 23 and / or the rear pin shaft 25. In a preferred embodiment of this application, a heat-insulating and vibration-damping pad is laid in the pin hole of the ceramic base outer ring fan block 22. For example, the heat-insulating and vibration-damping pad can be a heat-insulating asbestos pad or a ceramic washer.

[0046] In this application, the front side of the ceramic-based outer ring fan block 22 is provided with a film gas hole 223, and the cooling gas introduced into the inner cavity of the metal support fan block 21 can flow out through the film gas hole 223, thereby forming a film gas protection on the front side of the ceramic-based outer ring fan block 22.

[0047] The damping spring 26 is circumferentially disposed within the inner cavity of the metal support fan block 21, and the damping spring 26 forms a protruding structure towards the ceramic-based outer ring fan block 22. The axial front and rear ends of the damping spring 26 are fixed to the metal support fan block 21. For example, the front and rear ends of the damping spring 26 can be fixed to the metal support fan block 21 by welding. During integration, the damping spring 26 and the cylindrical surface of the ceramic-based outer ring fan block 22 form an elastic pre-compression fit. The damping spring 26 absorbs the radial impact load of the ceramic-based outer ring fan block 22 and transmits the radial load to the metal support fan block 21, and then to the front pin 23 and the rear pin 25.

[0048] In some embodiments of this application, the damping spring 26 can be two Z-shaped pieces joined together to form an integral damping spring, or the damping spring 26 can be an integral box-shaped structure.

[0049] A front retaining ring 24 is disposed within the pin hole of the metal support fan block 21 to provide axial anti-disengagement positioning for the front pin 23. In some embodiments of this application, the front retaining ring 24 can be an open double-layer elastic retaining ring, and its cross-section can be W-shaped or double W-shaped. Furthermore, an elastic sealing ring 28 is provided between the metal support fan block 21 and the ceramic-based outer ring fan block 22 that are mated on the front side, which pre-presses the ceramic-based outer ring fan block 22 against the rear end face of the rear lug of the metal support fan block 21 to absorb axial shaking.

[0050] It is understandable that, in achieving the above-mentioned solution for absorbing axial sway, this application may also employ a conical spiral spring 29, which is fitted onto the front pin 23 and located between the metal support sector block 21 and the ceramic base outer ring sector block 22, to replace the elastic sealing ring 28.

[0051] The rear sealing plate 27 is an integrated structure with two functions: one is to realize the axial anti-drop function of the rear pin 25, and the other is the interstage sealing function, which seals the gap between the ceramic outer ring fan block 22 and the stator guide vane edge plate thereafter to prevent gas leakage from the main channel.

[0052] Combination Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the rear sealing plate 27 is generally L-shaped, with two round holes 271 on its vertical part for the rear pin 25 to pass through. At the same time, a baffle 272 bent towards the rear pin 25 is provided on the horizontal part of the rear sealing plate 27 at the position that matches the round holes 271. The baffle 272 is used to protect the rear pin 25 and prevent it from axially moving out. In addition, the upper edge of the vertical part of the rear sealing plate 27 is provided with an upper folded edge 273 and the connection part between the vertical part and the horizontal part is provided with a lower folded edge 274. When the upper folded edge 273 is assembled, it is pre-pressed into the groove formed by the metal support fan block 21 and the turbine casing 10, so that the rear sealing plate 27 is pressed tightly and does not come out, thus playing a locking role. When the lower folded edge 274 is assembled, it is in a vertical state and close to the rear cylindrical surface of the ceramic base outer ring fan block 21. At the same time, the end of the horizontal part of the rear sealing plate 27 is provided with a hook 275. After the rear sealing plate 27 is assembled, the shape of the hook 13 makes the corner of the rear cylindrical surface and the front end of the guide vane edge plate pressed tightly.

[0053] Based on this, this application also provides a turbine outer ring, which includes a plurality of integrated turbine outer ring sector structures 20. The integrated turbine outer ring sector structures 20 are arranged circumferentially to form a complete ring structure, thereby completing the design and control of the blade tip clearance. For example, the integrated turbine outer ring sector structures 20 can typically be set to 20 to 30.

[0054] Due to the brittle and hard nature of ceramic materials, components made from them lack tensile, bending, and seismic resistance, possessing only high-temperature resistance. This causes the aerodynamic impact and blade scraping forces that the original metal-based turbine outer ring block must withstand to be quickly transferred to other components to prevent damage to the ceramic outer ring block. The integrated turbine outer ring block structure provided in this application uses a metal support block to clamp and fix the ceramic-based outer ring block in all directions, preventing it from coming loose during operation. It also has an all-around shock absorption function to overcome various impacts and forces during operation and transfer them to the metal outer ring support block. It can replace the existing metal-based turbine outer ring block and is lower in cost and easier to implement.

[0055] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An integrated turbine outer ring fan block structure combining metal and ceramic components, characterized in that, include: Metal support sector (21) fixedly connected to the turbine casing; A ceramic-based outer ring fan segment (22) with a front mounting edge (221) and a rear mounting edge (222) on the outside is radially inserted into the inner cavity of the metal support fan block (21). The metal support fan block (21) and the ceramic-based outer ring fan block (22) are radially and circumferentially limited by the axially arranged front pin (23) and rear pin (25). A shock-absorbing spring (26) is provided in the inner cavity of the metal support fan block (21). The shock-absorbing spring (26) forms a protruding structure in the direction of the ceramic base outer ring fan block (22). When integrated, the protruding structure forms an elastic pre-compression fit with the cylindrical surface of the ceramic base outer ring fan block (22). The front retaining ring (24) is set in the pin hole of the metal support block (21) to axially prevent the front pin (23) from falling off. An elastic sealing ring (28) is provided between the metal support fan block (21) and the front side of the ceramic base outer ring fan block (22). The elastic sealing ring (28) pre-presses the ceramic base outer ring fan block (22) against the rear end face of the lug on the rear side of the metal support fan block (21); and A rear sealing plate (27) is installed on the rear pin (25). The rear sealing plate (27) includes a vertical part and a horizontal part. The upper edge of the vertical part of the rear sealing plate (27) is provided with an upper folded edge (273), and the connection between the vertical part and the horizontal part is provided with a lower folded edge (274). The upper folded edge (273) is pre-pressed into the groove formed by the metal support fan block (21) and the turbine casing housing (10) during assembly. The lower folded edge (274) is pre-pressed into the groove formed by the metal support fan block (21) and the turbine casing housing (10) during assembly. When assembled, the rear sealing plate (27) is in a vertical position and close to the rear cylindrical surface of the ceramic base outer ring fan block 21. At the same time, the horizontal end of the rear sealing plate (27) is provided with a hook (275). After the rear sealing plate (27) is assembled, the shape of the hook (13) makes the corner of the rear cylindrical surface and the front end of the guide vane edge plate pressed together. The rear sealing plate (27) realizes the axial positioning of the rear pin (25) and seals the gap between the ceramic base outer ring fan block (22) and the rear stator guide vane edge plate.

2. The integrated turbine outer ring fan block structure combining metal and ceramic components as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The outer side of the metal support sector (21) has an axially arranged front hook (211) and a rear hook (212). The front hook (211) and the rear hook (212) are inserted into the slots of the turbine casing (10) and the metal support sector (21) is connected to the turbine casing (10) by a radial pin.

3. The integrated turbine outer ring fan block structure combining metal and ceramic components as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Both the metal support sector (21) and the ceramic base outer ring sector (22) are provided with two pin holes in the circumferential direction for the insertion of the front pin (23) and / or the rear pin (25).

4. The integrated turbine outer ring fan block structure combining metal and ceramic components as described in claim 3, characterized in that, A heat-insulating and vibration-damping pad is provided in the pin hole of the ceramic-based outer ring sector (22).

5. The integrated turbine outer ring fan block structure combining metal and ceramic components as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The heat-insulating and vibration-damping pad includes a heat-insulating asbestos pad and a ceramic washer.

6. The integrated turbine outer ring fan block structure of the combination of metal and ceramic components as described in any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that, The front side of the ceramic-based outer ring fan block (22) is provided with an air film hole (223).

7. The integrated turbine outer ring fan block structure combining metal and ceramic components as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The damping spring (26) is a damping spring formed by two Z-shaped pieces overlapping each other, or the damping spring (26) is an integral box-shaped structure.

8. The integrated turbine outer ring fan block structure of the combination of metal and ceramic components as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The front retaining ring (24) is a W-shaped or double W-shaped open double-layer elastic retaining ring.

9. The integrated turbine outer ring fan block structure of the combination of metal and ceramic components as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical part is provided with a round hole (271) through which the rear pin (25) passes. The horizontal part is provided with a baffle (272) bent toward the rear pin (25) at a position adapted to the round hole (271). The baffle (272) is used to protect the rear pin (25) and prevent it from axially protruding.

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