Extremely wideband antenna

Abstract

The application relates to an ultra-wideband antenna, which comprises a dielectric substrate, a radiation unit arranged on one side of the dielectric substrate, a feeding unit communicated with the radiation unit, a ground unit arranged on the other side of the dielectric substrate, a ring-shaped patch and a triangular patch arranged in the ring-shaped patch, wherein the triangular patch is arranged in a ring direction in the ring-shaped patch to form a 0-order iteration structure communicated with the ring-shaped patch, the 0-order iteration structure is recessed inward with the center of the ring-shaped patch as the center to form a two-order or more iteration structure, and the iteration structures are communicated with each other. The application expands the working bandwidth, greatly improves the frequency multiplication range that can be covered, can be applied to different scenes, and thus realizes multifunctional integrated design; and the antenna has a low profile and an omnidirectional radiation characteristic.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an ultra-wideband antenna. Background Technology

[0002] Electromagnetic environment detection, sensing, and identification; wireless communication interconnection and data distribution; navigation, guidance, positioning, and spatiotemporal information; and remote sensing, telemetry, and remote control all play vital roles in modern society's production and daily life. However, in electronic information systems and platforms, implementing these diverse services often requires dedicated antennas.

[0003] Conventional antennas have limited bandwidth and cannot fulfill the functional role of multi-tasking integrated systems. Traditional solutions employ a multi-antenna independent architecture, resulting in the integration of dozens or even hundreds of heterogeneous antenna elements within the system. This extensive parallel deployment not only causes the equipment size to expand exponentially but also increases the platform's payload weight, severely restricting the equipment's mobility. More seriously, the high-density integration of multi-band antennas in a limited space can trigger multiple electromagnetic compatibility issues, including self-interference within the system and mutual interference between elements.

[0004] Current research on broadband antennas largely focuses on ultra-wideband, specifically the 3.1GHz-10.6GHz frequency range. Extremely wideband antennas are rare. Ultra-wideband antennas lack a predefined frequency range; generally, antennas with an octave ratio exceeding 10:1 are referred to as ultra-wideband antennas. The few existing ultra-wideband antennas have limited octave ranges, and there is still room for improvement in lowering low-frequency cutoff frequencies and raising high-frequency cutoff frequencies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an ultrawideband antenna that can improve octave band and has a low profile to address the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] An ultra-wideband antenna includes a dielectric substrate, on one side of which a radiating element and a feeding element connected to the radiating element are disposed; on the other side, a grounding element is disposed. The radiation unit includes an annular patch and triangular patches disposed within the annular patch; wherein, within the annular patch, the triangular patches are arranged in a circumferential array to form a 0th-order iterative structure, and the 0th-order iterative structure is connected to the annular patch. Centered on the center of the annular patch, the 0th-order iterative structure is recessed inward to form an iterative structure of two or more orders; the iterative structures are interconnected.

[0007] In one embodiment, the inner ring of the annular patch is polygonal in shape.

[0008] In one embodiment, in the 0th-order iterative structure, the apex of the triangular patch faces the annular patch, and the apex is located at each vertex of the polygonal structure.

[0009] In one embodiment, the triangular patches are arranged at equal intervals when they are arranged in a circumferential array.

[0010] In one embodiment, when the 0th-order iterative structure is recessed inward to form an iterative structure of two or more orders, circular grooves are opened on the triangular patches in the remaining iterative structures, except for the innermost iterative structure.

[0011] In one embodiment, when the 0th-order iterative structure is recessed inward to form a second-order or higher iterative structure, circular grooves are opened on the triangular patches in all iterative structures.

[0012] In one embodiment, a rectangular slot is formed at one end of the power supply unit that is connected to the radiation unit.

[0013] In one embodiment, the triangular patch is an isosceles triangle.

[0014] In one embodiment, parasitic units are also provided on both sides of the power supply unit.

[0015] In one embodiment, the parasitic units are arranged symmetrically.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, the ultra-wideband antenna provided by this invention has the following advantages: 1. By forming a zero-order iterative structure by arranging triangular patches along a circumferential array, and then shrinking the zero-order iterative structure inward to form a second-order or higher iterative structure, the working bandwidth is expanded, the octave band that can be covered is greatly improved, and it can be applied to different scenarios, thereby realizing a multi-functional integrated design; moreover, the antenna profile is low and has omnidirectional radiation characteristics.

[0017] 2. Based on the traditional circular radiating patch, the center is removed to form a ring patch, which greatly reduces the metal coverage area of ​​the antenna; combined with the array of triangular patches, the antenna bandwidth can be increased while the physical size of the antenna can be reduced.

[0018] 3. The antenna structure designed in this invention can effectively reduce the amount of metal used, thereby reducing processing costs. It has a simple structure and is easy to process. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of an ultra-wideband antenna provided in one embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the back structure of an ultra-wideband antenna provided in one embodiment; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the S11 curve of an ultra-wideband antenna provided in one embodiment; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the gain curve of an ultra-wideband antenna provided in one embodiment; Figure 5 The following is a radiation pattern of an ultrawideband antenna in the E-plane and H-plane at 0.9 GHz, provided in one embodiment. Figure 5 (a) shows the radiation pattern of the E-plane at 0.9 GHz. Figure 5 (b) is the H-plane radiation pattern at 0.9 GHz; Figure 6 Here is a radiation pattern of an ultrawideband antenna in the E-plane and H-plane at 8 GHz, provided in one embodiment. Figure 6 (a) is the E-plane radiation pattern at 8 GHz. Figure 6 (b) is the H-plane radiation pattern at 8 GHz; Figure 7 Here are the radiation patterns of an ultrawideband antenna in the E-plane and H-plane at 15 GHz, as provided in one embodiment. Figure 7 (a) is the E-plane radiation pattern at 15 GHz. Figure 7 (b) is the H-plane radiation pattern at 15 GHz.

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Dielectric substrate, 2. Feeding unit, 3. Rectangular groove, 4. Grounding unit, 5. Ring patch, 6. Triangular patch, 7. Circular groove, 8. 0th order iterative structure, 9. 2nd order iterative structure, 10. Parasitic unit, 11.

[0022] The objectives, features, and advantages of this invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0025] Furthermore, in this invention, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0026] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a physical connection, or a wireless communication connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two elements or the interaction between two elements, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0027] It is understood that the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but only if they are based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0028] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the ultra-wideband antenna provided in this embodiment includes a dielectric substrate 1. A radiating element and a feeding element 2 connected to the radiating element are disposed on one side of the dielectric substrate 1. The feeding element 2 is connected below the radiating element and can be microstrip fed, with a simple structure and easy processing.

[0030] On the other side, a grounding unit 4 is provided. The grounding unit 4 is a rectangular metal patch with a rectangular groove etched in the middle of its upper end, which can improve the impedance matching characteristics of the antenna and extend the working bandwidth of the antenna.

[0031] The radiating unit includes an annular patch 5 and triangular patches 6 disposed within the annular patch 5; wherein, within the annular patch 5, the triangular patches 6 are arranged in a circumferential array to form a 0th-order iterative structure 8, and the 0th-order iterative structure 8 is connected to the annular patch 5; with the center of the annular patch 5 as the center, the 0th-order iterative structure 8 is recessed inward to form an iterative structure of two or more orders; and the iterative structures are connected to each other.

[0032] Specifically, the dielectric substrate 1 is fabricated using a Rogers 5880LZ chip. The dielectric substrate 1 has a dielectric constant of 2.0, a loss tangent of 0.0021, and a thickness of 5.334 mm. A radiating element, a feed element 2, and a parasitic element 11 are bonded to the front side of the dielectric substrate 1, while a grounding element 4 is bonded to the back side to form the overall antenna structure. The overall dimensions of the antenna are 110 × 110 mm². The antenna feed element 2 uses microstrip line feeding, and the feed port impedance is 50 ohms, which can be well matched with the SMA interface.

[0033] The radiating element includes an annular patch 5 and a triangular patch 6 disposed within the annular patch 5, both made of metal. The annular patch 5 is formed by removing a polygon from a traditional circular radiating patch, creating a metal ring with a circular outer ring and a polygonal inner ring. The number of sides of the polygon is determined according to the specific situation; in this embodiment, the inner ring of the annular patch 5 is a regular hexagon. This annular structure significantly reduces the metal coverage area of ​​the antenna, effectively reducing the amount of metal used and thus lowering manufacturing costs, while also improving the antenna bandwidth. The triangular patch 6 is an isosceles triangle; more preferably, an equilateral triangle is used.

[0034] Within the annular patch 5, triangular patches 6 are arranged in a circumferential array to form a 0th-order iterative structure 8. In the 0th-order iterative structure 8, the vertices of the triangular patches 6 face the annular patch 5, and the vertices are located at the vertices of the polygon structure. It can be seen that the number of triangular patches 6 in the 0th-order iterative structure 8 is determined by the number of vertices of the polygon.

[0035] When the triangular patches 6 are arranged in a circumferential array, they are evenly spaced. This even spacing includes both equal distance intervals and equal angular intervals. In this embodiment, since the inner ring of the annular patch 5 is a regular hexagon, its six vertices are distributed at equal angular intervals of 60° with the center of the annular circle as the reference. The vertices of the six triangular patches 6 are respectively connected to the six vertices of the regular hexagon, thereby forming an even angular interval of 60° between the triangular patches 6.

[0036] During the indentation process, the 0th-order iterative structure is used as a baseline, and the indentation proceeds proportionally from the outside in. In this embodiment, after loading the 0th-order iterative structure 8, the low-frequency cutoff frequency of the antenna is reduced. Then, the 0th-order iterative structure 8 is reduced in area by 0.5 to form the 1st-order iterative structure 9, thereby further reducing the low-frequency cutoff frequency of the antenna. Then, the 0th-order iterative structure 8 is reduced in area by 0.25 to form the 2nd-order iterative structure 10, achieving better impedance matching. It is worth noting that more stages of proportional indentation can be performed as needed, as described in this embodiment. Figure 1 The example shown is only one implementation method.

[0037] Furthermore, a circular slot 7 is formed on the triangular patch 6. Specifically, the circular slot 7 can be formed on the triangular patch 6 in all iterative structures; alternatively, the circular slot can be formed on the triangular patch 6 in all iterative structures except the innermost iterative structure, depending on the requirements. The circular slot 7 extends the current flow path, effectively increasing the electrical length of the antenna, thereby reducing the low-frequency cutoff frequency of the antenna. At this point, the low-frequency cutoff frequency of the antenna is around 0.8 GHz, but the impedance matching deteriorates slightly at 1.5 GHz, 3.6 GHz, and 13 GHz.

[0038] To improve the impedance matching degradation at 13 GHz, the distribution of surface current at 13 GHz was analyzed, revealing a higher current density at the end of feed element 2. Therefore, a rectangular slot 3 was created at the end of feed element 2 connected to the radiating element. After creating the slot, the current return flow at this location was significantly improved. This adjustment reduced reflection loss at 13 GHz. Furthermore, due to the skin effect of high-frequency current, local changes in the current path had a negligible impact on the current distribution in other low-frequency bands, thus maintaining the stability of broadband performance. It is worth noting that the impedance matching degradation at 13 GHz could be improved by adjusting the length and width of the rectangular slot 3.

[0039] Furthermore, to mitigate the impedance matching degradation at low frequencies, a pair of inverted L-shaped parasitic elements 11 were loaded on both sides of the feed element 2, with the parasitic elements 11 arranged symmetrically. The parasitic elements 11 virtually extended the physical boundary of the main antenna through electric field coupling, thereby expanding the low-frequency electric field distribution range, which is equivalent to increasing the electrical length of the antenna, thus improving the impedance matching at 1.5 GHz and 3.6 GHz.

[0040] The ultra-wideband antenna provided by this invention forms a 0th-order iterative structure 8 by rotating and replicating a triangular patch 6, and then further rotating and replicating it by reducing the area by 0.5 and 0.25 respectively to form a 1st-order iterative structure 9 and a 2nd-order iterative structure 10. It can be seen that this invention adds a triangular fractal iterative structure to a ring-shaped monopole antenna. The gaps between the triangular structures and the bending of the conductor path introduce distributed capacitance and inductance. These additional reactive components adjust the antenna's resonant characteristics, resulting in better impedance matching in the low-frequency band, thereby expanding the operating bandwidth. Furthermore, by creating circular slots on the triangular patch 6, the current flow path is increased, thereby lowering the antenna's low-frequency cutoff frequency. In addition, to improve the impedance matching degradation at 13GHz after creating the circular slot 7, a rectangular slot 3 is created at the end of the feed unit 2. After slotting, the current return at this frequency is weakened, reducing the reflection coefficient and thus improving impedance matching. Furthermore, to improve impedance matching at 1.5GHz and 3.6GHz, a pair of inverted L-shaped parasitic units 11 are added on both sides of the feed line. The parasitic patch virtually extends the physical boundary of the main antenna through electric field coupling, thereby expanding the range of low-frequency electric field distribution. This is equivalent to increasing the electrical length of the antenna, thus improving impedance matching at 1.5 GHz and 3.6 GHz.

[0041] The ultra-wideband antenna provided by this invention achieves an operating bandwidth of 0.8-30 GHz, exhibiting excellent ultra-wideband characteristics, covering 37.5 octaves, with a gain above 0 dBi across the entire band and a peak gain of 8 dBi. It also features a low antenna profile and omnidirectional radiation. Furthermore, the antenna has a simple structure and is easy to fabricate, showing promising application prospects in various radio service scenarios such as ultra-wideband antennas, detection, communication, navigation, and jamming. In electronic information systems and platforms, it can significantly reduce the complexity of multi-antenna systems, enabling a single antenna to perform multiple functions.

[0042] In one embodiment, the ultra-wideband antenna provided by the present invention was simulated, analyzed and optimized using the electromagnetic full-wave simulation software CST, and its structural parameters, S11 parameters, antenna gain and radiation pattern were studied.

[0043] like Figure 3 As shown, the range of the antenna's S11 parameter less than -10dB is 0.8-30GHz. Therefore, the ultra-wideband antenna provided by this invention has ultra-wideband characteristics, wide frequency band coverage, and can be applied to various scenarios.

[0044] Figure 4The graph shows the gain curve of the ultra-wideband antenna. The lowest gain is 0.3 dBi, and the peak gain reaches 8 dBi. The gain continuously increases in the range of 0.8-12 GHz, decreases in the range of 12-13 GHz, and then stabilizes at around 7 dBi. The ultra-wideband antenna provided by this invention can effectively transmit signals.

[0045] Figures 5-7 The radiation patterns of the antenna in the E-plane and H-plane at different frequencies within the operating frequency band are shown. It can be seen from the radiation patterns that the radiation pattern of the antenna in the E-plane is circular and the radiation pattern in the H-plane is figure-eight shaped, which proves that the antenna has good omnidirectionality and can transmit and receive signals in all directions.

[0046] In summary, this invention utilizes triangular fractal iteration, slotting, and parasitic unit structures to realize a multifunctional integrated ultra-wideband antenna. A simple ring-shaped monopole antenna was first designed, with an initial impedance bandwidth of 4.9-30 GHz. Based on this, a triangular patch 6 was added, and this structural unit was rotated and replicated to obtain a 0th-order iterative structure 8. Then, following a 1 / 2-fold area reduction rule, 1st-order and 2nd-order iterative structures were obtained, lowering the low-frequency cutoff to 3.8 GHz. Circular slots were created on the 0th-order and 1st-order iterative triangular structures, increasing the current resonant point and lowering the low-frequency cutoff to 0.8 GHz, but causing matching degradation at some frequencies. To improve impedance matching at 1.5 GHz and 3.6 GHz, inverted L-shaped parasitic units 11 were added on both sides of the feed line; to improve impedance matching at 13 GHz, a rectangular slot 3 was created at the end of the feed unit 2, ultimately achieving an impedance bandwidth of 0.8-30 GHz.

[0047] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0048] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An ultra-wideband antenna, comprising a dielectric substrate, characterized in that, A radiating unit and a feeding unit connected to the radiating unit are provided on one side of the dielectric substrate; a grounding unit is provided on the other side. The radiating unit includes an annular patch and triangular patches disposed within the annular patch; wherein, within the annular patch, the triangular patches are arranged in a circumferential array, with the apex of each triangular patch facing the annular patch, and the apex located at each vertex of the inner annular polygon of the annular patch, forming a 0th-order iterative structure, and the 0th-order iterative structure is connected to the annular patch. Centered on the center of the annular patch, the 0th-order iterative structure is recessed inward to form an iterative structure of two or more orders; the iterative structures are interconnected. Except for the innermost iterative structure, circular slots are provided on the triangular patches in the other iterative structures; A rectangular slot is provided at one end of the power supply unit that connects to the radiation unit; inverted L-shaped parasitic units are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the power supply unit.

2. The ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, When triangular patches are arranged in a circumferential array, they are spaced at equal intervals.

3. The ultra-wideband antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the 0th-order iterative structure shrinks inward to form an iterative structure of two or more orders, circular grooves are opened on the triangular patches in all iterative structures.

4. The ultra-wideband antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The triangular patch is an isosceles triangle.

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