Hydraulic cylinder with multi-stage pressure compensation piston structure

Abstract

The application discloses a hydraulic oil cylinder with a multi-stage pressure compensation piston structure, which comprises an oil cylinder body, a piston block, a pressure receiving piece, a hydraulic shaft penetrating through one end of the oil cylinder body and fixedly connected with the piston block, a sleeve with a circular truncated cone structure, a plurality of plug-in grooves, a plug-in cylinder, a first movable plate and a second movable plate, wherein the first movable plate is connected with the second movable plate and adjacent two second movable plates through the pressure receiving piece; the plug-in cylinder is sequentially inserted into the corresponding plug-in groove in order from outside to inside by moving the first movable plate, so that the flow diameter in the oil cylinder body is changed; the multi-stage plug-in cylinder and the corresponding plug-in groove are arranged, and plug-in is sequentially performed, so that multi-stage adjustment of the flow diameter in the oil cylinder is realized; the flow diameter of the hydraulic oil cylinder can be automatically adjusted according to system pressure and flow demand, the overall energy efficiency of the system is improved, the application range is expanded, and the hydraulic oil cylinder is suitable for more complex industrial scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydraulic cylinder pressure compensation structure technology, specifically to a hydraulic cylinder with a multi-stage pressure compensation piston structure. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of traditional hydraulic cylinder technology, hydraulic cylinders are the core actuators of hydraulic transmission systems, and their performance directly affects the operating efficiency and stability of the entire system.

[0003] Traditional hydraulic cylinders typically use a fixed flow diameter design, which is not flexible enough when facing different working pressures and flow requirements. Specifically, when system pressure or flow changes, traditional hydraulic cylinders cannot automatically adjust their internal flow diameter to adapt to the new working conditions. This may lead to increased energy loss due to flow mismatch when operating under non-design conditions, reducing the overall energy efficiency of the system. Furthermore, traditional hydraulic cylinders are difficult to maintain optimal performance under various working pressure and flow requirements, limiting their application range.

[0004] Therefore, we propose a hydraulic cylinder with a multi-stage pressure-compensated piston structure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hydraulic cylinder with a multi-stage pressure-compensated piston structure to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a hydraulic cylinder with a multi-stage pressure-compensated piston structure, including a cylinder body, wherein a piston block is movably fitted within the cylinder body; It also includes a pressing component, a hydraulic shaft that is fixedly connected to the piston block and passes through one end of the cylinder body, a sleeve that is fixedly connected inside the cylinder body, the sleeve having a frustum structure, multiple insertion slots having a decreasing diameter, insertion cylinders corresponding to the multiple insertion slots, a first movable plate fixedly connected to the end of the insertion cylinder located inside, and a second movable plate fixedly connected to the ends of the remaining insertion cylinders, the first movable plate and the second movable plate, and two adjacent second movable plates are connected by a pressing component; The movement of the first movable plate causes the insertion cylinders to be inserted into the corresponding insertion slots one by one from the outside to the inside, thereby changing the flow diameter inside the cylinder body.

[0007] Preferably, the insertion groove is in the shape of a missing ring, and the insertion tube has an embedding groove, the embedding groove corresponding to the insertion groove of the sleeve.

[0008] Preferably, a missing ring plate is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the plug tube, the missing ring plate is in abutting fit with the sleeve, and a sealing ring plate is fixedly connected to the other end of the plug tube. The sealing ring plate is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the adjacent plug tube, and sealing grooves are formed on multiple sealing ring plates located in the inner position.

[0009] Preferably, the pressing member includes a fixed plate that is fixedly connected to the top of the first movable plate and the second movable plate, a limit rod that moves through the fixed plate, and a compression spring connecting the fixed plate and the second movable plate located at the same horizontal position.

[0010] Preferably, a telescopic component is fixedly installed at the end of the cylinder body, and the telescopic shaft of the telescopic component passes through the cylinder body and is connected and fixed to the first movable plate.

[0011] Preferably, the second movable plate has a T-shaped structure, and the second movable plate slides into the notch of the sealing ring plate.

[0012] Preferably, the fixing plate has an L-shaped structure, the fixing plate slides with the adjacent second movable plate, and the end of the fixing plate presses against the middle of the adjacent second movable plate.

[0013] Preferably, the piston block has a movable groove, and a sealing element that is obliquely distributed is sleeved in the movable groove. A plurality of fixing rods that are fixedly connected to and fixed to the sealing element are fixedly connected in the movable groove.

[0014] Preferably, the sealing element is an elastic ring, and a nylon steel wire rope that is fixedly connected to the fixing rod is fixed inside the elastic ring. A gap is provided between the outer surface of the fixing rod and the movable groove.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This application achieves multi-stage adjustment of the internal flow diameter of the hydraulic cylinder by setting up multi-stage plug-in cylinders and corresponding plug-in slots, and plugging them in one by one. This method enables the hydraulic cylinder to automatically adjust the flow diameter according to the system pressure and flow requirements, thereby maintaining optimal performance under different working conditions. The multi-stage pressure compensation design enables the hydraulic cylinder to maintain high energy efficiency even under non-design working conditions. That is, by adjusting the flow diameter, energy loss is reduced, the overall energy efficiency of the system is improved, and its application range is expanded to be suitable for more complex industrial scenarios.

[0016] Furthermore, by setting up structures such as missing ring plates and sealing ring plates, the sealing performance between the plug-in sleeve and the sleeve is enhanced, preventing fluid leakage and improving the working efficiency and safety of the hydraulic cylinder. In particular, by setting inclined distributed seals in the movable groove and using oil for lubrication, the dry friction and cracking risk of the seals are reduced, thereby extending the service life of the seals. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the outer shell of the cylinder body of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the disassembled body and internal structure of the hydraulic cylinder of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the disassembled structure of the seal and nylon steel wire rope on the piston block of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the mating structure of the sleeve, the insertion sleeve, and the pressing member of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the disassembled structure of the sleeve, the insertion sleeve, and the pressing member of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of multiple plug-in cylinders of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a side view of the disassembled structure of multiple plug-in cylinders of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the multiple plug-in cylinders of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the cross-sectional structure of the multiple plug-in cylinders of the present invention. Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the mating structure between the pressing member and the insertion cylinder of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing the disassembled structure of the pressing member and the insertion cylinder of the present invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Cylinder body; 2. Piston block; 3. Hydraulic shaft; 4. Sleeve; 5. Insertion groove; 6. Insertion sleeve; 7. First movable plate; 8. Second movable plate; 9. Embedded groove; 10. Missing ring plate; 11. Sealing ring plate; 12. Fixing plate; 13. Limiting rod; 14. Compression spring; 15. Telescopic component; 16. Movable groove; 17. Seal; 18. Slide plate; 19. Fixing rod; 20. Nylon steel wire rope; 21. Sealing groove. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Please see Figures 1-13The present invention provides a hydraulic cylinder with a multi-stage pressure-compensated piston structure, including a cylinder body 1, wherein a piston block 2 is movably fitted inside the cylinder body 1; It also includes: a pressing component, a hydraulic shaft 3 that is fixedly connected to the piston block 2 and passes through one end of the cylinder body 1, wherein the outer surface of the hydraulic shaft 3 is fixedly connected with multiple evenly distributed sliding plates 18, the sliding plates 18 simultaneously pass through the cylinder body 1, and through the sliding cooperation between the sliding plates 18 and the cylinder body 1, the hydraulic shaft 3 is ensured to move stably without rotating, thereby ensuring the stable movement of the piston block 2 and preventing it from rotating, thus avoiding the piston block 2 rotating and affecting the position of the seal 17. A sleeve 4 is fixedly connected inside the cylinder body 1. The sleeve 4 has a frustum structure and multiple insertion slots 5 are provided on the sleeve 4. The diameter of the multiple insertion slots 5 is distributed in a decreasing manner. Each of the multiple insertion slots 5 corresponds to an insertion tube 6. The end of the insertion tube 6 located in the inner position is fixedly connected to a first movable plate 7, and the ends of the other insertion tubes 6 are fixedly connected to a second movable plate 8. The first movable plate 7 and the second movable plate 8, and two adjacent second movable plates 8 are connected by a pressing component. The movement of the first movable plate 7 causes the insertion cylinders 6 to be inserted into the corresponding insertion slots 5 one by one from the outside to the inside, thereby changing the flow diameter inside the cylinder body 1.

[0021] By setting up multi-stage plug-in cylinders 6 and corresponding plug-in slots 5, multi-stage adjustment of the internal flow diameter of the oil cylinder is realized, and multi-stage pressure compensation is achieved. This design enables the hydraulic cylinder to automatically adjust the flow diameter according to the system pressure and flow requirements, thereby maintaining optimal performance under different working conditions.

[0022] Among them, the multi-stage pressure compensation design enables the hydraulic cylinder to maintain high energy efficiency even under non-design conditions.

[0023] By adjusting the flow diameter, energy loss is reduced and the overall energy efficiency of the system is improved. Furthermore, when faced with pressure fluctuations or flow changes, the hydraulic cylinder can automatically adjust its internal flow diameter to maintain stable operation, reduce vibration and noise, and improve the reliability and service life of the system.

[0024] Thanks to its multi-stage pressure compensation capability, this hydraulic cylinder can maintain optimal performance under various working pressures and flow requirements, thereby expanding its application range and making it suitable for more complex industrial scenarios.

[0025] It is worth noting that by setting up structures such as the missing ring plate 10 and the sealing ring plate 11, the sealing between the plug-in cylinder 6 and the sleeve 4 is enhanced, fluid leakage is prevented, and the working efficiency and safety of the hydraulic cylinder are improved.

[0026] This extends the lifespan of the seal 17: by setting the seal 17 in an inclined distribution in the movable groove 16 and using oil for lubrication, the risk of dry friction and cracking of the seal 17 is reduced, thereby extending the service life of the seal 17.

[0027] The introduction of electric telescopic rods or telescopic cylinders makes driving the first movable plate 7 simpler and more reliable, reducing operational complexity.

[0028] The specific implementation method is as follows: When pressure needs to be adjusted, the first movable plate 7 moves multiple second movable plates 8 through the pressing component, thereby moving multiple insert cylinders 6 toward the sleeve 4. First, the outermost plug tube 6 is inserted into the corresponding plug slot 5. The outermost plug tube 6 remains in the same position to block and change the fluid flow diameter. The remaining plug-in cylinders 6 continue to move, and the plug-in cylinder 6 closest to the outermost plug-in cylinder 6 is inserted into the corresponding plug-in groove 5, thereby continuing to change the fluid flow diameter, which gradually becomes smaller. During this process, the outermost plug-in cylinder 6 remains in the plugged state with the sleeve 4. Finally, the innermost plug-in tube 6 is inserted into the corresponding plug-in slot 5, thereby switching the fluid flow diameter to the minimum diameter.

[0029] In this application, the pressing component includes a fixed plate 12 that is fixedly connected to the top of the first movable plate 7 and the second movable plate 8. A limiting rod 13 is movably passed through the fixed plate 12. A compression spring 14 is connected between the fixed plate 12 and the second movable plate 8 located at the same horizontal position. When the first movable plate 7 moves, it drives multiple second movable plates 8 to move synchronously, causing multiple plug-in cylinders 6 to move synchronously. When the outermost plug-in cylinder 6 is inserted into the corresponding plug-in slot 5, the outermost plug-in cylinder 6 cannot continue to move due to the action of the sleeve 4 and the missing ring plate 10. The other plug-in cylinders 6, the other second movable plates 8, and the first movable plate 7 continue to move. The compression spring 14 is compressed, and the limiting rod 13 slides adaptively along the fixed plate 12.

[0030] The insertion groove 5 is a ring-shaped part, and the insertion tube 6 has an embedding groove 9. The embedding groove 9 corresponds to the insertion groove 5 of the sleeve 4. When the insertion tube 6 is inserted into the corresponding insertion groove 5, the embedding groove 9 cooperates with the sleeve 4 to block the insertion groove 5 and prevent fluid from flowing out of the insertion groove 5.

[0031] A missing ring plate 10 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the plug-in tube 6. The missing ring plate 10 is pressed against the sleeve 4. A sealing ring plate 11 is fixedly connected to the other end of the plug-in tube 6. The sealing ring plate 11 slides in contact with the inner wall of the adjacent plug-in tube 6. A sealing groove 21 is opened on the multiple sealing ring plates 11 located inside. During the process of the plug-in tube 6 being inserted into the plug-in groove 5, the missing ring plate 10 is moved synchronously. When the plug-in tube 6 is fully inserted into the plug-in groove 5, the missing ring plate 10 is pressed tightly against the outer wall of the sleeve 4. On the one hand, this ensures that the plug-in tube 6 is stably inserted into the plug-in groove 5, and on the other hand, it increases the sealing between the sleeve 4 and the plug-in tube 6.

[0032] Explanation of how to drive the first movable plate 7: A telescopic component 15 is fixedly installed at the end of the cylinder body 1. The telescopic shaft of the telescopic component 15 passes through the cylinder body 1 and is connected and fixed to the first movable plate 7. In this application, the telescopic component 15 is selected as an electric telescopic rod or a telescopic cylinder device so that the telescopic end of the telescopic line can drive the first movable plate 7 to move smoothly.

[0033] The second movable plate 8 has a T-shaped structure. The protruding part of the second movable plate 8 slides in conjunction with the notch of the sealing ring plate 11. In this way, when the second movable plate 8 drives the plug-in cylinder 6 to move, on the one hand, it does not affect the mutual movement between the second movable plate 8 and the sealing ring plate 11 and will not cause motion interference. On the other hand, when the plug-in cylinder 6 is inserted into the plug-in groove 5, the second movable plate 8 cooperates with the notch of the sealing ring plate 11 located below (that is, the protruding part in the middle of the second movable plate 8 is sealed in conjunction with the sealing groove 21) to form a sealing structure.

[0034] It is worth noting that: the fixing plate 12 has an L-shaped structure. The fixing plate 12 is slidably engaged with the adjacent second movable plate 8. The end of the fixing plate 12 is pressed against the middle of the adjacent second movable plate 8. When the outermost plug-in tube 6 is inserted into the outermost plug-in slot 5 and fixed in position, the adjacent plug-in tube 6 continues to move. The fixing plate 12 on the adjacent second movable plate 8 moves along the outermost second movable plate 8. The compression spring 14 is compressed. When the adjacent plug-in tube 6 is inserted into the corresponding plug-in slot 5, the end of the fixing plate 12 on the adjacent second movable plate 8 presses against the middle of the outermost second movable plate 8, so that the adjacent second movable plate 8 and the adjacent plug-in tube 6 cannot move further. The piston block 2 has a movable groove 16, and an inclined sealing element 17 is sleeved in the movable groove 16. Multiple fixed rods 19 are fixedly connected to the sealing element 17 in the movable groove 16. The piston block 2 drives the hydraulic shaft 3 to reciprocate through the oil supply pipes on both sides of the outermost second movable plate 8. The sealing element 17 in the movable groove 16 moves synchronously with the piston block 2. During this process, a small amount of oil enters between the inner wall of the cylinder body 1 and the piston block 2 (always maintaining an appropriate amount of oil in it, with some oil flowing out and some oil replenishing it at the same time), that is, it enters the movable groove 16. When the inclined sealing element 17 moves, it drives the oil in the movable groove 16 to move, ensuring that an appropriate amount of oil is applied to the sealing element 17. The oil can reduce friction and wear, and at the same time prevent the sealing element 17 from cracking due to dry friction.

[0035] The sealing element 17 is an elastic ring, and a nylon steel wire rope 20, which is fixedly connected to the fixing rod 19, is fixed inside the elastic ring. The nylon steel wire rope 20 further maintains the inclined distribution of the sealing element 17 without affecting the slight movement of the sealing element 17. A gap is provided between the outer surface of the fixing rod 19 and the movable groove 16. The gap allows the oil in the movable groove 16 to move in the gap, thereby uniformly coating the entire sealing element 17.

[0036] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0037] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A hydraulic cylinder with a multi-stage pressure-compensated piston structure, comprising: The cylinder body (1) has a piston block (2) that is movably fitted inside the cylinder body (1). The feature is that it further includes: a pressing member, a hydraulic shaft (3) that is fixedly connected to the piston block (2) and passes through one end of the cylinder body (1), a sleeve (4) is fixedly connected inside the cylinder body (1), the sleeve (4) is in the shape of a frustum, a plurality of insertion slots (5) are provided on the sleeve (4), the diameter of the plurality of insertion slots (5) is distributed in a decreasing manner, and a insertion cylinder (6) is respectively corresponding to the plurality of insertion slots (5), a first movable plate (7) is fixedly connected to the end of the insertion cylinder (6) located in the inner position, and a second movable plate (8) is fixedly connected to the end of the remaining insertion cylinders (6), and the first movable plate (7) and the second movable plate (8), and two adjacent second movable plates (8) are connected by a pressing member; The first movable plate (7) moves, causing the plug-in cylinder (6) to be inserted into the corresponding plug-in slot (5) one by one in the order from the outside to the inside, thereby changing the flow diameter in the cylinder body (1); The insertion slot (5) is in the shape of a missing ring, and the insertion tube (6) is provided with an embedding slot (9), which corresponds to the insertion slot (5) of the sleeve (4); The outer surface of the plug tube (6) is fixedly connected with a missing ring plate (10), the missing ring plate (10) is pressed against the sleeve (4), and the other end of the plug tube (6) is fixedly connected with a sealing ring plate (11). The sealing ring plate (11) slides in contact with the inner wall of the adjacent plug tube (6), and sealing grooves (21) are provided on the multiple sealing ring plates (11) located in the inner position.

2. The hydraulic cylinder with a multi-stage pressure-compensated piston structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressing component includes a fixed plate (12) that is fixedly connected to the top of the first movable plate (7) and the second movable plate (8). A limit rod (13) is movably passed through the fixed plate (12). A compression spring (14) is connected between the fixed plate (12) and the second movable plate (8) located at the same horizontal position.

3. The hydraulic cylinder with a multi-stage pressure-compensated piston structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cylinder body (1) is fixedly installed with a telescopic component (15) at its end. The telescopic shaft of the telescopic component (15) passes through the cylinder body (1) and is connected and fixed to the first movable plate (7).

4. The hydraulic cylinder with a multi-stage pressure-compensated piston structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second movable plate (8) has a T-shaped structure and slides with the notch of the sealing ring plate (11).

5. The hydraulic cylinder with a multi-stage pressure-compensated piston structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fixed plate (12) has an L-shaped structure. The fixed plate (12) slides with the adjacent second movable plate (8). The end of the fixed plate (12) presses against the middle of the adjacent second movable plate (8).

6. The hydraulic cylinder with a multi-stage pressure-compensated piston structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The piston block (2) is provided with a movable groove (16), and a seal (17) is sleeved in the movable groove (16) and is distributed at an incline. Multiple evenly distributed sliding plates (18) are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the hydraulic shaft (3) and protrude from one end of the cylinder body (1). Multiple fixing rods (19) are fixedly connected to the seal (17) in the movable groove (16).

7. The hydraulic cylinder with a multi-stage pressure-compensated piston structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sealing element (17) is an elastic ring, and a nylon steel wire rope (20) that is fixedly connected to the fixing rod (19) is fixed inside the elastic ring. A gap is provided between the outer surface of the fixing rod (19) and the movable groove (16).

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