Railway relay protection fault simulation method and device
By constructing a dynamic fault function for the traction converter of railway trains and generating overcurrent simulation curves, the problem of low simulation accuracy of railway relay protection faults in existing technologies is solved, achieving higher simulation accuracy and adaptability.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BEIJING QIFENG TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-23
Smart Images
Figure CN120893230B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of relay protection simulation technology, specifically to a method and device for simulating railway relay protection faults. Background Technology
[0002] Railway relay protection fault simulation refers to the use of computer simulation technology to simulate possible fault conditions in railway power systems and analyze the response and protection performance of relay protection devices under these fault conditions. This type of simulation is typically used to verify and optimize the design and operation of railway relay protection devices, ensuring that faulty components can be promptly and accurately isolated in the event of a fault, thus protecting the safety of electrical equipment and passengers.
[0003] Existing relay protection fault simulation methods often simulate fault states based on static fault data. However, when a fault occurs in a railway power system, the fault data often fluctuates over time. Using static fault data for simulation can easily lead to low simulation accuracy. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the purpose of this application is to provide a method and apparatus for simulating railway relay protection faults. The specific technical solution adopted is as follows:
[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for simulating railway relay protection faults, the method comprising the following steps:
[0006] Real-time data collection of output current, load, conductor resistance, and branch current of traction converters in railway trains, as well as ambient temperature at various times;
[0007] Based on the harmonic signal of the output current when the traction converter experiences an overcurrent fault, and the change in output current, the function of the output current offset caused by the internal fault of the traction converter with respect to time is determined, denoted as the first function.
[0008] By analyzing the relationship between the load change and the output current of the traction converter, the function of the output current offset caused by the sudden change in the load of the traction converter with respect to time is determined, and denoted as the second function.
[0009] By utilizing the relationship between the conductor resistance of the traction converter and the ambient temperature, and the relationship between the current of each branch of the traction converter and the time, the function of the temperature-affected output current offset of the traction converter with respect to time is determined, denoted as the third function.
[0010] By combining the first function, the second function, the third function, and the function of the output current of the traction converter with respect to time during normal operation, the overcurrent simulation curve of the traction converter is obtained;
[0011] The simulation of the overcurrent curve is used to simulate the protective actions of railway relay protection devices under different degrees of overcurrent faults.
[0012] In one embodiment, determining the output current offset caused by an internal fault in the traction converter as a function of time includes:
[0013] The output current of the traction converter during each historical overcurrent fault is obtained and denoted as the fault current. The amplitude and frequency of all harmonic signals of each fault current are statistically analyzed. The difference between the output current during each overcurrent fault and the output current at the previous moment is calculated. The first function is determined by combining the amplitude and frequency and the difference.
[0014] In one embodiment, the expression of the first function is:
[0015] In the formula, Let M be the output current offset caused by an internal fault in the traction converter, which is a function of time; h be the amplitude of any harmonic signal of any fault current; G be the difference between any fault currents; and cos() be the trigonometric cosine function. Let π be the mathematical constant pi, and t be time.
[0016] In one embodiment, the function of determining the output current offset caused by a sudden change in the traction converter load, with respect to time, is expressed as:
[0017] In the formula, The output current offset caused by sudden load changes in the traction converter is a function of time, where 'a' is a preset adjustable parameter, 't' is time, and 'n' is a preset random integer. The preset time length for a sudden load change in the traction converter.
[0018] In one embodiment, determining the temperature-dependent output current offset of the traction converter as a function of time includes:
[0019] The conductor resistance and ambient temperature at each historical moment are obtained. A linear fit is performed on the conductor resistance and ambient temperature at all moments to obtain the slope and intercept of the fitted equation. By generating a random temperature sequence, and combining the slope and intercept, the function corresponding to the fluctuation curve of the conductor resistance with respect to temperature is obtained, which is denoted as the fourth function.
[0020] Nonlinear fitting is performed on the current of each branch at all historical moments to obtain the fitting function of the current of each branch with respect to time, which is denoted as the fifth function;
[0021] Combining the fourth and fifth functions, we obtain the output current offset of the traction converter affected by temperature as a function of time.
[0022] In one embodiment, the expression of the fourth function is:
[0023] In the formula, This is the function corresponding to the conductor resistance fluctuation curve with respect to temperature, i.e., the fourth function, where b is the slope. The fitting function is obtained by performing nonlinear fitting on the random temperature sequence, and x is the intercept.
[0024] In one embodiment, the temperature-dependent output current offset of the traction converter as a function of time is the sum of the maximum function of the fifth function for all branches and the reciprocal of the fourth function.
[0025] In one embodiment, determining the overcurrent simulation curve of the traction converter includes:
[0026] Obtain the fitting function of the output current of the traction converter with respect to time when it is working normally, denoted as the sixth function. The overcurrent simulation curve of the traction converter is the change curve corresponding to the sum of the sixth function, the first function, the second function, and the third function.
[0027] In one embodiment, the logic of the relay protection device is determined to be consistent with the expected action by comparing the protection action taken by the relay protection device under different degrees of overcurrent fault.
[0028] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a railway relay protection fault simulation device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of any of the methods described above.
[0029] This application has at least the following beneficial effects:
[0030] This application collects real-time data on the output current, load, conductor resistance, and branch current of the traction converter in a railway train, along with ambient temperature at various times. Based on the harmonic signal of the output current when an overcurrent fault occurs in the traction converter, and the change in output current, it determines the function of time for the output current offset caused by an internal fault in the traction converter, denoted as the first function. This first function effectively distinguishes between overcurrent caused by internal component failures such as IGBT breakdown and capacitor attenuation, and external interference signals by capturing the harmonic characteristics of the internal fault in the traction converter. This allows for earlier identification of latent faults and improves the accuracy of overcurrent fault location. Furthermore, by analyzing the relationship between the load change and the output current of the traction converter, it determines the function of time for the output current offset caused by sudden load changes in the traction converter, denoted as the second function. The second function verifies the rationality of the relay protection device's blocking logic for instantaneous overcurrent by simulating the current surge curve during train acceleration, braking, or load switching. This overcomes the frequent maloperation of traditional fixed-delay protection in scenarios with dynamic load changes, enhancing the output current of the traction converter. The adaptability of the traction converter under complex operating conditions is assessed. By utilizing the relationship between the conductor resistance of the traction converter and ambient temperature, and the relationship between the current in each branch of the traction converter and time, the function of the output current offset of the traction converter affected by temperature is determined, denoted as the third function. This third function, through modeling the dynamic relationship between conductor resistance and temperature, reveals the implicit impact of the reduced current-carrying capacity of the conductor on the current distribution under high-temperature conditions. This prompts the introduction of a temperature compensation mechanism in the relay protection device, enhancing its environmental adaptive protection. Combining the first, second, and third functions, as well as the function of the output current of the traction converter under normal operation with respect to time, the overcurrent simulation curve of the traction converter is obtained. The overcurrent simulation curve, through multi-factor synergistic analysis, considers the dynamic changes of various factors affecting the overcurrent fault of the traction converter, enhancing the data reliability and applicability of the relay protection fault simulation. Based on the overcurrent simulation curve, the protection actions taken by the railway relay protection device under different degrees of overcurrent faults are simulated, improving the accuracy of the relay protection fault simulation. Attached Figure Description
[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and advantages in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0032] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the steps of a railway relay protection fault simulation method provided in one embodiment of this application;
[0033] Figure 2 Determine the flowchart for the overcurrent simulation curve. Detailed Implementation
[0034] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by this application to achieve the intended purpose of the invention, the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, details the specific implementation, structure, features, and effects of a railway relay protection fault simulation method and apparatus proposed in this application. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments can be combined in any suitable form.
[0035] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.
[0036] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, details the specific scheme of the railway relay protection fault simulation method and device provided in this application.
[0037] Please see Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of a railway relay protection fault simulation method according to an embodiment of this application. The method includes the following steps:
[0038] S1 collects the output current, load, conductor resistance, and branch current of the traction converter in the railway train in real time, and collects the ambient temperature at each moment.
[0039] In this embodiment, during the operation of a railway train, a current sensor is used to collect the output current of the traction converter at each moment, as well as the current of each branch of the traction converter at each moment; a power analyzer is used to measure the load of the traction converter at each moment; a high-precision resistance meter is used to collect the conductor resistance of the traction converter at each moment; and a temperature sensor is used to collect the ambient temperature at each moment.
[0040] The output current, load, conductor resistance, branch current, and ambient temperature collected at all times are used to form a fault simulation database, which serves as the data foundation for subsequent railway relay protection fault simulation.
[0041] In this embodiment, the output current, load, conductor resistance, current of each branch, and ambient temperature are all collected synchronously at an interval of 0.1s. The implementer can set this interval according to the actual situation, and this embodiment does not impose any restrictions.
[0042] S2, based on the harmonic signal of the output current when the traction converter experiences an overcurrent fault, and the change in the output current, determines the function of the output current offset caused by the internal fault of the traction converter with respect to time, denoted as the first function.
[0043] Existing relay protection fault simulation methods test whether relay protection devices can perform the expected actions under the configured relay protection logic by simulating fault parameter values during faults in railway power systems. This method only tests the performance of relay protection devices based on fixed fault parameters. However, in actual railway operation scenarios, when a fault occurs, the generated fault data fluctuates dynamically over time, making existing relay protection fault simulation methods unable to accurately simulate real-world railway faults.
[0044] To improve the accuracy of relay protection fault simulation, it is necessary to consider the dynamic fluctuations of fault data. Common faults in railway power systems include overcurrent faults, single-phase grounding faults, and phase-to-phase short-circuit faults. This embodiment takes the overcurrent fault of the traction converter in a railway power system as an example to simulate the dynamic fluctuations of fault parameters when an overcurrent fault occurs in the traction converter.
[0045] Specifically, when an overcurrent fault occurs in a traction converter, the causes are usually electronic component failure, sudden load changes, and environmental factors. Most of these factors are uncontrollable and exhibit random fluctuations in current parameters over time. When an electronic component inside the traction converter fails, such as a short circuit in the IGBT module, the current in the traction converter rises sharply, and the output current waveform of the traction converter contains harmonic components, thus triggering an overcurrent fault. In this case, to accurately simulate the current waveform when an overcurrent fault occurs in the traction converter, this embodiment constructs a function of the output current offset caused by an internal fault in the traction converter with respect to time, denoted as the first function, specifically:
[0046] In the fault simulation database, the output current data within the time period corresponding to the overcurrent fault of the traction converter is obtained and denoted as the fault current. The fault simulation database may contain fault currents corresponding to multiple overcurrent faults of the traction converter. For each fault current, this embodiment uses a Fourier transform algorithm to obtain the harmonics of the fault current and calculates the amplitude and frequency of each harmonic. At the same time, the difference between the output current of the traction converter at each overcurrent fault and the output current at the previous moment is calculated. In this embodiment, the expression for the output current offset caused by the internal fault of the traction converter with respect to time is:
[0047] In the formula, Let M be the output current offset caused by an internal fault in the traction converter, which is a function of time; h be the amplitude of any harmonic signal of any fault current; G be the difference between any fault currents; and cos() be the trigonometric cosine function. Let π be the mathematical constant pi, and t be time. In the first function, a larger value of h indicates a smaller harmonic period. h is used to adjust the harmonic period. M and G are both adjustable parameters used to simulate overcurrent faults of different severity.
[0048] It should be noted that when performing relay protection fault simulation, the implementer can, according to the severity of the overcurrent fault simulation, select any set of data, including the amplitude and frequency of each harmonic statistically analyzed during historical overcurrent faults, as well as the difference, to construct the first function, thereby simulating overcurrent faults of different degrees.
[0049] S3, by using the relationship between the load change of the traction converter and the output current, determines the function of the output current offset caused by the sudden change in the load of the traction converter with respect to time, denoted as the second function.
[0050] When the load on the traction converter changes, for example, when a train suddenly accelerates or passes through an uphill section, the load on the traction converter increases sharply. If the load exceeds the rated range of the traction converter, it will cause an abnormal increase in the output current of the traction converter. However, train acceleration and passing through uphill sections usually do not last for a long time, so the increase in the output current of the traction converter caused by the load will not last for a long time, and the start time of acceleration and passing through uphill sections is relatively random. Based on this, this embodiment constructs a function of time for the output current offset caused by the sudden change in the load of the traction converter, denoted as the second function, specifically:
[0051] First, the `std::rand()` function in C++ is used to generate a random integer `n` within the range [c, d]. In this embodiment, `c` = 1, `d` = 10, and the random integer `n` takes the value [1, 10]. Implementers can set the range of values for the random integer `n` according to their actual situation; this embodiment does not impose any restrictions. In this embodiment, the expression for the output current offset caused by a sudden change in the traction converter load as a function of time is:
[0052] In the formula, Let be the function of time for the output current offset caused by a sudden load change in the traction converter, denoted as the second function. This function represents the output current offset of the traction converter caused by the sudden load change. 'a' is a preset adjustable parameter used to adjust the severity of the load change; in this embodiment, it is taken as any real number between [100, 200]. The reason for setting the value range of 'a' in this way is that the maximum offset of the traction converter's output current during the period of the load change is usually between 1000A and 2000A. 't' is time, and 'n' is a preset random integer used to randomly select a period of the load change. In this embodiment, the preset time length for a sudden load change in the traction converter is defined. The implementer can set the value of the time length themselves.
[0053] when When the operating time falls within the load change period, the output current of the traction converter will increase due to the increased load. When the operating time is not within the load change period, the output current of the traction converter will not be affected by the load change, and the output current will remain unchanged, with zero offset caused by the load change.
[0054] S4. By utilizing the relationship between the conductor resistance of the traction converter and the ambient temperature, and the relationship between the current of each branch of the traction converter and the time, the function of the temperature-affected output current offset of the traction converter with respect to time is determined, denoted as the third function.
[0055] When a traction converter is affected by environmental factors, such as high temperatures, the efficiency of its cooling system decreases, leading to an increase in the internal temperature of the converter. This, in turn, increases the resistance of the conductors within the converter, resulting in a decrease in the output current. Furthermore, high temperatures can degrade the performance of insulation materials, causing short circuits in the internal circuitry and resulting in a sudden increase in the output current.
[0056] Based on the above analysis, this embodiment first determines the relationship between the conductor resistance of the traction converter and the ambient temperature. Specifically, it obtains the conductor resistance at different temperatures from the fault simulation database, acquiring all data combinations of [temperature e, conductor resistance g], where conductor resistance refers to the resistance value of the conductor inside the traction converter. Using all the above data combinations as input to the linear regression fitting method, the fitting equation for temperature and conductor resistance is obtained: g = b × e + x, where b is the slope of the fitting equation, representing the rate of change of conductor resistance with temperature; x is the intercept of the fitting equation, representing the conductor resistance at zero temperature; g is the conductor resistance; and e is the ambient temperature. The linear regression fitting method is a well-known existing technique, and its specific process will not be elaborated further.
[0057] Furthermore, the `std::rand()` function in C++ is used to generate a random temperature sequence to simulate ambient temperatures at different times. The random temperature sequence is generated within the range [k1, k2], where k1 and k2 are adjustable parameters. By adjusting the values of k1 and k2, different temperature ranges can be simulated. In this embodiment, k1 = 20℃ and k2 = 30℃. The least squares method is used to perform nonlinear fitting on the random temperature sequence to obtain the temperature-time fitting function, denoted as […]. The least squares method is a well-known existing technique, and its specific process will not be elaborated upon.
[0058] Construct the function corresponding to the conductor resistance fluctuation curve with respect to temperature, denoted as the fourth function, with the expression:
[0059] In the formula, Let be the function corresponding to the conductor resistance fluctuation curve of the traction converter with respect to temperature, where b is the slope of the fitted equation and x is the intercept of the fitted equation. Let t be the fitting function of temperature with respect to time in a random temperature sequence. This is the fourth function.
[0060] The least squares method is used to perform nonlinear fitting on the branch currents at all times in the fault simulation database to obtain the fitting function of each branch current with respect to time, denoted as the fifth function. Combined with the fourth function, the function of the output current offset of the traction converter affected by temperature with respect to time is determined, and the expression is:
[0061] In the formula, The output current offset of the traction converter affected by temperature is a function of time, i.e., the third function, and max() is the function to find the maximum value. Let be the fitted function of the first branch current of the traction converter with respect to time. Let be the fitted function of the second branch current of the traction converter with respect to time. Let be the fitting function of the m-th branch current of the traction converter with respect to time, where m is the number of branch currents in the traction converter.
[0062] When the insulation material in a branch of the traction converter fails, a short circuit occurs in that branch, causing the current in that branch to become extremely high. Therefore, the higher the maximum current value across all branches, the higher the output current of the traction converter. Conversely, when the resistance of the internal conductors of the traction converter increases, the current flowing through the conductors decreases, thus reducing the output current of the traction converter. Therefore, through... The curve can simulate the output current fluctuation of the traction converter when it is affected by different temperatures.
[0063] S5. Combining the first function, the second function, the third function, and the function of the output current of the traction converter with respect to time during normal operation, the overcurrent simulation curve of the traction converter is obtained.
[0064] Based on the fault simulation database, the least squares method is used to obtain the fitting function of the output current of the traction converter with respect to time during normal operation, denoted as the sixth function. Based on the first, second, and third functions of the traction converter under the influence of electronic component failures, sudden load changes, and environmental factors, the overcurrent simulation curve of the traction converter is constructed. The specific expression is as follows:
[0065]
[0066] In the formula, This is the overcurrent simulation curve for the traction converter, used to simulate the output current curve of the traction converter when an overcurrent fault occurs. This is a fitted function of the output current of the traction converter with respect to time during normal operation; The output current offset caused by an internal fault in the traction converter is a function of time. The output current offset caused by sudden load changes in the traction converter is a function of time. This represents the temperature-dependent output current offset of the traction converter as a function of time. The flowchart for determining the overcurrent simulation curve is shown below. Figure 2 As shown.
[0067] According to the overcurrent simulation curve It can accurately simulate the output current fluctuation of the traction converter under overcurrent faults of varying severity.
[0068] S6, based on the overcurrent simulation curve, simulate the protection actions taken by the railway relay protection device under different degrees of overcurrent faults.
[0069] Finally, in railway power systems, overcurrent simulation curves are used. Configure the output current of the traction converter. Then, adjust the adjustable parameters in the overcurrent simulation curve to simulate overcurrent faults of different severity. Run the simulation software and observe the protection actions taken by the relay protection device under different severity overcurrent faults, comparing them with the expected actions. Observe whether the logic of the relay protection device conforms to expectations; that is, when the protection actions taken by the relay protection device under different severity overcurrent faults are consistent with the expected actions, the logic of the relay protection device conforms to expectations; otherwise, the logic of the relay protection device does not conform to expectations. It should be noted that in the fault simulation process, the larger the adjustable parameter in this embodiment, the higher the severity of the overcurrent fault.
[0070] Based on the same inventive concept as the above method, this application embodiment also provides a railway relay protection fault simulation device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of any one of the above-described railway relay protection fault simulation methods.
[0071] It should be noted that the order of the embodiments described above is merely for descriptive purposes and does not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments. Furthermore, specific embodiments of this specification have been described above. Additionally, the processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require a specific or sequential order to achieve the desired results. In some implementations, multitasking and parallel processing are possible or may be advantageous.
[0072] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.
[0073] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. A method for simulating faults in railway relay protection, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Real-time data collection of output current, load, conductor resistance, and branch current of traction converters in railway trains, as well as ambient temperature at various times; Obtain the output current of each overcurrent fault in the history of the traction converter, and record it as the fault current. Statistically analyze the amplitude and frequency of all harmonic signals of each fault current, calculate the difference between the output current at each overcurrent fault and the output current at the previous moment, and determine the first function by combining the amplitude, frequency, and difference. By analyzing the relationship between the load change and the output current of the traction converter, the function of the output current offset caused by sudden load changes in the traction converter with respect to time is determined, denoted as the second function, and its expression is: In the formula, The output current offset caused by sudden load changes in the traction converter is a function of time, where 'a' is a preset adjustable parameter, 't' is time, and 'n' is a preset random integer. The preset time length for a sudden load change in the traction converter; By utilizing the relationship between the conductor resistance of the traction converter and the ambient temperature, and the relationship between the current of each branch of the traction converter and the time, the function of the temperature-affected output current offset of the traction converter with respect to time is determined, denoted as the third function. Combining the first, second, and third functions, as well as the function of the output current of the traction converter under normal operation with respect to time, the overcurrent simulation curve of the traction converter is obtained; the specific expression is: In the formula, This is the overcurrent simulation curve for the traction converter, used to simulate the output current curve of the traction converter when an overcurrent fault occurs. This is a fitted function of the output current of the traction converter with respect to time during normal operation; The output current offset caused by an internal fault in the traction converter is a function of time. The output current offset caused by sudden load changes in the traction converter is a function of time. The temperature-dependent output current offset of the traction converter is a function of time. The protection actions of railway relay protection devices under different degrees of overcurrent faults are simulated based on overcurrent simulation curves. Determining the temperature-dependent output current offset of the traction converter as a function of time includes: obtaining conductor resistance and ambient temperature at each historical moment; performing linear fitting on the conductor resistance and ambient temperature at all moments to obtain the slope and intercept of the fitted equation; generating a random temperature sequence and combining the slope and intercept to obtain the function corresponding to the conductor resistance fluctuation curve with respect to temperature, denoted as the fourth function; performing nonlinear fitting on the current of each branch at all historical moments to obtain the fitted function of the current of each branch with respect to time, denoted as the fifth function; and combining the fourth and fifth functions to obtain the temperature-dependent output current offset of the traction converter as a function of time.
2. The railway relay protection fault simulation method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The expression for the first function is: In the formula, Let M be the output current offset caused by an internal fault in the traction converter, which is a function of time; h be the amplitude of any harmonic signal of any fault current; G be the difference between any fault currents; and cos() be the trigonometric cosine function. Let π be the mathematical constant pi, and t be time.
3. The railway relay protection fault simulation method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The expression for the fourth function is: In the formula, This is the function corresponding to the conductor resistance fluctuation curve with respect to temperature, i.e., the fourth function, where b is the slope. The fitting function is obtained by performing a nonlinear fitting on the random temperature sequence, and x is the intercept.
4. The railway relay protection fault simulation method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature-dependent output current offset of the traction converter is a function of time, which is the sum of the maximum function of the fifth function for all branches and the reciprocal of the fourth function.
5. The railway relay protection fault simulation method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the overcurrent simulation curve of the traction converter includes: Obtain the fitting function of the output current of the traction converter with respect to time when it is working normally, denoted as the sixth function. The overcurrent simulation curve of the traction converter is the change curve corresponding to the sum of the sixth function, the first function, the second function, and the third function.
6. The railway relay protection fault simulation method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, By comparing the protection actions taken by the relay protection device under different degrees of overcurrent faults with the expected actions, it can be determined whether the logic of the relay protection device meets expectations.
7. A railway relay protection fault simulation device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1-6.