Intelligent flowering and fruiting water and fertilizer system for mangoes in flowering stage

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of mango flowering period intelligent flower promoting fruit water fertilizer system, it includes: through the real-time acquisition orchard environment data of multiple parameter monitoring module;Dry hot air early warning model is built-in main controller, when air temperature is ≥32 ℃, relative humidity is ≤25%, wind speed is ≥3m / s, trigger disaster response, while matching control module is based on soil moisture ≤ field water holding capacity 60% Generation water fertilizer coordination instruction;After response instruction, root system drip irrigation unit is simultaneously started to transport the flower promoting nutrient solution containing potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%-0.5% and boric acid 0.05%-0.1%, and leaf surface micro-spraying unit sprays the stress resistance liquid containing edible acetic acid 0.2%-0.4%, calcium nitrate 0.1%-0.3% and zinc sulfate heptahydrate 0.05%-0.15%.The system reduces disaster response time by multi-sensor fusion and double-channel water fertilizer coordination, reduces the rate of fruit drop, mainly for improving mango flowering period stress resistance and fruit quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mango cultivation technology, and more specifically, this invention relates to an intelligent water and fertilizer system for promoting flowering and fruiting during the mango flowering period. Background Technology

[0002] Hot and dry winds pose a major threat to mango flowering, primarily affecting the flowering period by increasing transpiration, reducing root water absorption, and hindering pollination, leading to flower and fruit drop and reduced yield. While existing technologies have proposed some intelligent irrigation systems to address this issue, they suffer from the following drawbacks: Lag: Traditional manual irrigation and water spraying rely on experience and judgment, which cannot respond in real time to sudden hot and dry wind events, resulting in delayed disaster prevention measures.

[0003] Inefficiency: Foliar fertilization and bagging operations failed to effectively coordinate water regulation, resulting in limited stress resistance. For example, while foliar fertilization can supplement nutrients, it cannot directly alleviate water stress, while bagging operations may increase the risk of pests and diseases.

[0004] Uneven coverage: The construction period for windbreaks in orchards is long, and the local microclimate cannot be dynamically adjusted, making it difficult to cope with sudden hot and dry wind disasters.

[0005] Lack of water and fertilizer synergy strategy: Although existing technologies have proposed intelligent irrigation systems, they have not designed water and fertilizer synergy strategies for the multi-parameter coupling mechanism of hot and dry winds, resulting in insufficient precision in water and fertilizer management.

[0006] Therefore, existing technologies are clearly insufficient in dealing with hot and dry wind disasters, and there is an urgent need to further optimize the intelligent water and fertilizer integration system in order to achieve real-time monitoring and water and fertilizer regulation of multiple parameters of hot and dry winds. Summary of the Invention

[0007] One object of the present invention is to address at least the aforementioned deficiencies and to provide at least the advantages described below.

[0008] One purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent water and fertilizer system for promoting flowering and fruiting during the mango flowering period, which addresses the problems of delayed response to water stress, high fruit drop rate, and lack of coordinated water and fertilizer regulation caused by hot and dry wind disasters.

[0009] This invention provides an intelligent water and fertilizer system for promoting flowering and fruiting during the mango flowering period, comprising: Multi-parameter monitoring module: Air temperature and humidity sensors, wind speed sensors, and soil moisture sensors deployed in the orchard to collect environmental data in real time; Main controller: Built-in hot and dry wind early warning model and ratio control module, wherein the hot and dry wind early warning model triggers disaster response based on the coupling threshold of air temperature ≥32℃, relative humidity ≤25%, and wind speed ≥3m / s; The ratio control module generates water and fertilizer synergy instructions based on soil moisture data (≤60% of field capacity); Execution module: Responds to main controller commands, including: Root drip irrigation unit: delivers flowering-promoting nutrient solution, the raw material mass ratio of which includes 0.2%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05%-0.1% boric acid and water as the remainder; Foliar micro-spraying unit: sprays stress-resistant liquid, the raw material mass ratio of which includes 0.2%-0.4% edible acetic acid, 0.1%-0.3% calcium nitrate, 0.05%-0.15% zinc sulfate heptahydrate and water as the balance; Among them, root drip irrigation and foliar micro-spraying can be started and stopped simultaneously or individually based on the same soil moisture threshold.

[0010] Preferably, the stress-resistant liquid sprayed by the foliar micro-spraying unit further includes, by mass ratio: 0.01%-0.02% imazalil manganese salt and 0.05%-0.08% sodium octaborate tetrahydrate; the stress-resistant liquid further including imazalil manganese salt and sodium octaborate tetrahydrate is applied after mango flowering and before bagging, and spraying is stopped 30 days before harvest.

[0011] Preferably, the flower-promoting nutrient solution of the root drip irrigation unit further comprises, by mass ratio: 0.1%-0.3% calcium citrate, 0.05%-0.1% potassium humate, and 0.001%-0.003% sodium selenite; the flower-promoting nutrient solution further comprising calcium citrate, potassium humate, and sodium selenite is applied from the mango inflorescence elongation stage to the flowering end stage, with a cumulative application frequency of 1-3 times.

[0012] Preferably, humic acid chelated zinc is further added to the flower-promoting nutrient solution of the root drip irrigation unit, with a mass ratio of 0.08%-0.12%; The main controller is equipped with a phenological stage determination module, which identifies the developmental stage based on the slope K (Δhumidity / Δtime) of soil moisture change: When K ≥ 0.5% humidity / hour and lasts for 12 hours, it is determined to be the inflorescence elongation period, and the flower-promoting nutrient solution is switched to the high humic acid mode (humic acid chelated zinc 0.12%). When K ≤ 0.2% humidity / hour and lasts for 24 hours, it is determined to be the young fruit stage, and the flower-promoting nutrient solution is switched to the low humic acid mode (humic acid chelated zinc 0.08%).

[0013] Preferably, it also includes a bagging decision module, which generates a bagging timing instruction based on the dry and hot wind early warning results, soil moisture data and weather forecasts for the next 48 hours; Bagging should only be initiated when soil moisture is ≥ 65% of field capacity and there is no warning of hot and dry winds.

[0014] Preferably, the execution logic of the bagging decision module is as follows: 1) When soil moisture is ≥ 65% of field capacity and there is no warning of hot and dry winds, trigger the pre-bagging instruction; 2) Upon receiving the pre-bagging instruction, the main controller immediately activates the foliar micro-spraying unit to spray the stress-resistant liquid, reducing the spray volume to 2L / plant·h for 30 minutes; 3) After spraying, the diameter of the young fruit is identified based on the images captured by the orchard camera: if the diameter is ∈ [10mm, 15mm] and the branch and leaf spread is ≥90% (image pixel ratio, the branch and leaf spread is defined as the healthy green leaf pixels accounting for ≥90% of the total tree canopy pixels), the final bagging instruction is generated; if the diameter is <10mm or the branches and leaves are wilted, the detection is re-detected after a delay of 6 hours. 4) After bagging is completed, the main controller monitors the hot and dry wind warning in real time: if the warning occurs within 12 hours after bagging, the leaf micro-spraying unit is activated to spray the stress-resistant liquid (1L / plant·h) until the warning is lifted.

[0015] Preferably, the main controller is equipped with an edge computing gateway to generate control commands by integrating soil moisture and meteorological data in real time; the execution module receives the commands through narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT).

[0016] Preferably, the edge computing gateway integrates an RS485 bus interface and an NB-IoT communication module; Sensor data fusion method: Air temperature and humidity sensor, wind speed sensor and soil moisture sensor upload real-time data to edge computing gateway via RS485 bus at a cycle of 5 minutes; Command generation logic: The edge computing gateway runs the hot and dry wind early warning model and the ratio control module locally. When real-time data triggers a disaster response or soil moisture threshold (≤60% field capacity), it generates a control command within 60 seconds. Command transmission protocol: Control commands are sent to the execution module via the NB-IoT network using the UDP protocol. The command packet includes the operation type (drip irrigation / micro-spraying / stop), mixing parameters and duration, and is accompanied by a CRC-16 checksum.

[0017] Preferably, the edge computing gateway has a built-in data cache queue that temporarily stores instructions when the NB-IoT signal strength is less than -90dBm and retransmits them every 2 minutes until the execution module returns an ACK signal. Both the drip irrigation unit and the micro-spraying unit of the execution module are equipped with NB-IoT communication sub-modules, with a sleep power consumption of ≤0.1W and a wake-up response time of ≤500ms; Anti-interference mechanism: The control command has a preset timestamp. If the error between the received command and the generated timestamp is ≥60 seconds, the command will be automatically discarded and a retransmission will be requested.

[0018] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: This invention shortens the response time to hot and dry winds through real-time multi-parameter monitoring and threshold response. The synergistic effect of a specific ratio of nutrient solution and stress-resistant solution improves the water stress state of flowers and fruits, which is conducive to increasing fruit setting rate, yield per acre and the proportion of high-quality fruit.

[0019] This invention also utilizes the combination of calcium citrate, potassium humate, and sodium selenite to reduce fruit cracking rate, and the addition of imazalil manganese salt, sodium tetraborate tetrahydrate, and acetic acid further helps to improve fruit setting rate.

[0020] The present invention also helps to avoid pests and diseases and physiological fruit drop caused by bagging during periods of high temperature and high humidity through a bagging decision module.

[0021] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating one implementation of the intelligent water and fertilizer system for promoting flowering and fruiting during the mango flowering period described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0024] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are conventional methods, and the reagents and materials mentioned are commercially available. In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "setting" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connection or setting, detachable connection or setting, or integral connection or setting. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. The terms "lateral," "longitudinal," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0025] This invention discloses an intelligent water and fertilizer system for promoting flowering and fruiting during the mango flowering period. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 The flowchart includes: Multi-parameter monitoring module: Air temperature and humidity sensors, wind speed sensors, and soil moisture sensors deployed in the orchard to collect environmental data in real time; Main controller: Built-in hot and dry wind early warning model and ratio control module, wherein the hot and dry wind early warning model triggers disaster response based on the coupling threshold of air temperature ≥32℃, relative humidity ≤25%, and wind speed ≥3m / s; The ratio control module generates water and fertilizer synergy instructions based on soil moisture data (≤60% of field capacity); Execution module: Responds to main controller commands, including: Root drip irrigation unit: delivers flowering-promoting nutrient solution, the raw material mass ratio of which includes 0.2%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05%-0.1% boric acid and water as the remainder; Foliar micro-spraying unit: sprays stress-resistant liquid, the raw material mass ratio of which includes 0.2%-0.4% edible acetic acid, 0.1%-0.3% calcium nitrate, 0.05%-0.15% zinc sulfate heptahydrate and water as the balance; Among them, root drip irrigation and foliar micro-spraying can be started and stopped simultaneously or individually based on the same soil moisture threshold.

[0026] Example 1 A smart water and fertilizer system for promoting flowering and fruiting in mangoes includes a multi-parameter monitoring module, a main controller, and an execution module. The monitoring module includes air temperature and humidity sensors, wind speed sensors, and soil moisture sensors. The air temperature and humidity sensors can be capacitive probes, installed on the lateral branches of the fruit trees 1.5 meters above the ground, with one sensor deployed per 20 mu (approximately 1.3 hectares) of orchard. The wind speed sensors can be three-cup anemometers, installed on a 2-meter-high bracket in the center of the orchard. The soil moisture sensors can be frequency domain reflectance probes, buried 20 cm into the main root layer of the fruit trees, with three sensors evenly distributed per 5 mu (approximately 0.3 hectares). The air temperature and humidity monitoring range is 0 to 50 degrees Celsius, with an accuracy of ±0.5 degrees Celsius; the relative humidity monitoring range is 10% to 90%, with an accuracy of ±3%; the wind speed monitoring range is 0 to 20 m / s, with an accuracy of ±0.3 m / s; and the soil moisture range is 0 to 100% field capacity, with an accuracy of ±2%. Sensor data is transmitted to the main controller every 5 minutes via a 485 bus.

[0027] The main controller includes a hot and dry wind early warning model and a proportioning control module. The early warning model sets thresholds of 32 degrees Celsius air temperature, 25% relative humidity, and 3 m / s wind speed. A disaster response is triggered when all three parameters exceed the threshold simultaneously. The proportioning control module sets a soil moisture threshold of 60% field capacity. If the soil moisture falls below this value, the execution module is activated. The root drip irrigation unit in the execution module uses pressure-compensated drippers spaced 50 cm apart, arranged along the drip line of the fruit trees. The delivered flower-promoting nutrient solution contains the following mass ratio: 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.08% boric acid, and the remainder water. The foliar micro-spraying unit uses rotating atomizing nozzles, installed 30 cm above the top of the tree canopy. The sprayed stress-resistance solution contains the following mass ratio: 0.3% edible acetic acid, 0.2% calcium nitrate, 0.1% zinc sulfate heptahydrate, and the remainder water. The dual systems start simultaneously for one hour when soil moisture is below the threshold, with drip irrigation flow rate of 15 liters per plant per hour and micro-sprinkler flow rate of 5 liters per plant per hour, and spraying is stopped 30 days before harvest.

[0028] When the system is in operation, if the soil moisture is below 60% of field capacity and the air temperature is ≥32℃, relative humidity ≤25%, and wind speed ≥3m / s, the main controller will simultaneously activate drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation within 60 seconds. The nutrient solution is delivered to the drippers through PE pipes, and the micro-sprinklers atomize the stress-resistant solution at a pressure of 0.25 MPa.

[0029] Experiment 1 The test used three-year-old Guifei mango trees, and the hot, dry wind process was monitored for three consecutive days, specifically: Treatment Group 1: The system described in Example 1 was implemented in a 20-mu (approximately 3.3 hectares) Guifei mango orchard (A) in Tianyang District, Baise City, Guangxi Province. The system monitored an air temperature of 33 degrees Celsius, relative humidity of 23%, wind speed of 3.2 meters per second, and soil moisture content reduced to 58% field capacity. The main controller synchronously started the execution modules within 60 seconds: the root drip irrigation unit delivered flowering-promoting nutrient solution through a PE pipeline network, with a formula of 3 kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.8 kg boric acid added to 1000 liters of water, at a flow rate of 15 liters per tree per hour; the foliar micro-spraying unit used stainless steel rotating atomizing nozzles to spray an anti-stress solution 30 cm above the tree canopy, with a formula of 3 liters edible white vinegar, 2 kg calcium nitrate, and 1 kg zinc sulfate heptahydrate added to 1000 liters of water, at a spray rate of 5 liters per tree per hour. After 2 hours of continuous operation, the soil moisture content recovered to 65%, and the system automatically stopped operating. No dripper clogging was observed during the process, and a uniform liquid film adhered to the tree canopy and leaves.

[0030] Control group 1: In a 20-mu Guifei mango orchard B in Tianyang District, Baise City, Guangxi, during the same period, the existing technology adopted manual intervention: the orchard was inspected twice a day by manual labor, and the data was recorded with a simple thermometer and hygrometer; after wilting of branches and leaves was found, the irrigation canals were opened for flood irrigation, and the amount of irrigation water was controlled by experience; 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer was sprayed separately, and a backpack sprayer was used.

[0031] Three consecutive days of monitoring of the hot and dry wind process in adjacent Guifei mango orchards A and B revealed that the control group 1 required an average of 2 hours from monitoring to action, while the treatment group 1 responded within 60 seconds. The control group 1 experienced soil moisture fluctuations of 70%-85% due to flooding, while the treatment group 1 maintained a stable moisture content of 60%-65%. Under the same hot and dry wind conditions, the control group 1 area experienced flower drop after three days, while the treatment group 1 area maintained fully expanded flower spikes. This example 1, through real-time data-driven water and fertilizer synergistic management, achieved rapid response to hot and dry wind disasters. Compared to manual methods, the system maintained a more stable root zone moisture environment, and the dual-channel liquid application enhanced the tree's resistance. Observations showed that the air humidity in the treated orchard increased by approximately 15 percentage points compared to the artificially treated area, and the physiological state of the flowers improved.

[0032] Example 2 A smart water and fertilizer system for promoting flowering and fruiting during mango flowering is basically the same as in Example 1, except that the mass ratio of the stress-resistant liquid applied after mango flowering and before bagging includes: 0.01% manganese salt of imazalil and 0.05% sodium octaborate tetrahydrate, and spraying is stopped 30 days before harvest. Specifically, the mass ratio of the stress-resistant liquid sprayed before mango flowering and after bagging includes: 0.3% edible acetic acid, 0.2% calcium nitrate, 0.1% zinc sulfate heptahydrate, and the remainder is water, and spraying of the stress-resistant liquid is stopped 30 days before harvest. The mass ratio of the stress-resistant liquid applied after mango flowering and before bagging includes: 0.01% manganese salt of imazalil, 0.05% sodium octaborate tetrahydrate, 0.3% edible acetic acid, 0.2% calcium nitrate, 0.1% zinc sulfate heptahydrate, and the remainder is water, and spraying of the stress-resistant liquid is stopped 30 days before harvest.

[0033] Example 3 A smart water and fertilizer system for promoting flowering and fruiting during the mango flowering period is basically the same as in Example 1, except that the mass ratio of the raw materials in the flower-promoting nutrient solution applied during the mango inflorescence elongation period to the flowering end period also includes: 0.1% calcium citrate, 0.05% potassium humate, and 0.001% sodium selenite, applied a total of 1-3 times. Specifically, before the mango inflorescence elongation period and after the mango flowers have fallen, the mass ratio of the raw materials in the drip irrigation flower-promoting nutrient solution includes: 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.08% boric acid, and the remainder is water. The mass ratio of the raw materials in the flower-promoting nutrient solution applied during the mango inflorescence elongation period to the flowering end period includes: 0.1% calcium citrate, 0.05% potassium humate, 0.001% sodium selenite, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.08% boric acid, and the remainder is water, applied a total of 1-3 times.

[0034] Example 4 A smart water and fertilizer system for promoting flowering and fruiting in mangoes is basically the same as in Example 1, except that the main controller adds a phenological stage judgment module. When the inflorescence elongation stage is determined, the nutrient solution for promoting flowering switches to a high humic acid mode; when the young fruit stage is determined, the nutrient solution switches to a low humic acid mode. Specifically, a phenological stage judgment module is added to the main controller. This module is essentially a software program running on the main controller (e.g., an edge computing gateway). Its function is to receive and analyze data streams from soil moisture sensors in real time. The core parameter calculated by this module is the slope K of soil moisture change, defined as the change in soil moisture per unit time (Δhumidity / Δtime). The parameter K is set as follows: the system reads data from the soil moisture sensor at fixed time intervals (e.g., every 5 minutes), calculates the difference between two adjacent data points (Δhumidity), and then divides it by the corresponding time difference (Δtime, e.g., 60 minutes) to obtain the average slope K value within that time window (unit: %humidity / hour). This module runs at the software level, and its data processing function relies on the processor and memory resources built into the main controller. The phenological stage determination module continuously monitors the calculated slope (K) of soil moisture changes. When the system detects that the K value is consistently greater than or equal to 0.5% humidity / hour, and this state is maintained for 12 consecutive hours, the mango plant is determined to have entered the inflorescence elongation stage. At this time, the main controller sends a command to the root drip irrigation unit to switch the nutrient solution to a high humic acid mode, that is, to control the addition of humic acid chelated zinc to reach the upper limit of its set range of 0.12%. The mass ratio of the flower-promoting nutrient solution raw materials includes: 0.12% humic acid chelated zinc, 0.1% calcium citrate, 0.05% potassium humate, 0.001% sodium selenite, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.08% boric acid, and the remainder is water. Conversely, when the system detects that the K value is consistently less than or equal to 0.2% humidity / hour, and this state is maintained for 24 consecutive hours, the plant is determined to have entered the young fruit stage. At this point, the main controller sends a command to the root drip irrigation unit to switch the nutrient solution to a low-humic acid mode, specifically controlling the addition of humic acid chelated zinc to the lower limit of its set range, 0.08%. The raw material ratio of the flowering-promoting nutrient solution includes: 0.08% humic acid chelated zinc, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.08% boric acid, and the remainder is water. The working process is as follows: the soil moisture sensor collects and uploads data according to a set cycle; the phenological stage judgment module calculates the K value in real time and determines whether its duration meets the preset threshold; once the condition is met, the module immediately sends a phenological stage signal to the proportioning control module; the proportioning control module then adjusts the addition ratio of humic acid chelated zinc and switches the nutrient solution mode through an actuator (such as an addition pump). This method utilizes existing soil moisture sensor data and automatically identifies key phenological stages through algorithms.

[0035] By automatically identifying the inflorescence elongation stage and the young fruit stage and adjusting the addition ratio of humic acid chelated zinc accordingly, this technology helps to provide a more suitable zinc nutrient supply at different growth and development stages of mangoes. Providing higher levels of zinc during the vigorous inflorescence elongation stage is beneficial to the needs of this stage; while adjusting to lower levels during the young fruit stage helps to maintain a more stable nutrient supply. This method, based on dynamic changes in soil moisture, can reduce the errors and lags of manual phenological period determination, making water and fertilizer management more timely and targeted.

[0036] Example 5 A smart water and fertilizer system for promoting flowering and fruiting during mango flowering is basically the same as in Example 4, except that the mass ratio of the stress-resistant liquid applied after mango flowering and before bagging includes: 0.01% manganese salt of imazalil and 0.05% sodium octaborate tetrahydrate, and spraying is stopped 30 days before harvest. Specifically, the mass ratio of the stress-resistant liquid sprayed before mango flowering and after bagging includes: 0.3% edible acetic acid, 0.2% calcium nitrate, 0.1% zinc sulfate heptahydrate, and the remainder is water, and spraying of the stress-resistant liquid is stopped 30 days before harvest. The mass ratio of the stress-resistant liquid applied after mango flowering and before bagging includes: 0.01% manganese salt of imazalil, 0.05% sodium octaborate tetrahydrate, 0.3% edible acetic acid, 0.2% calcium nitrate, 0.1% zinc sulfate heptahydrate, and the remainder is water, and spraying of the stress-resistant liquid is stopped 30 days before harvest.

[0037] Example 6 A smart water and fertilizer system for promoting flowering and fruiting during the mango flowering period is basically the same as that in Example 5, except that it also includes a bagging decision module, which helps to avoid pests, diseases, and physiological fruit drop caused by bagging during high temperature and humidity periods. Specifically: Threshold parameters: The soil moisture threshold is 65% field capacity (can fluctuate to 63%-67%), and the hot and dry wind warning threshold is fixed at temperature ≥32℃, humidity ≤25%, and wind speed ≥3m / s. The soil moisture sensor can be a frequency domain reflectometer (range 0-100% field capacity, accuracy ±2%), with 3 sensors deployed per 5 mu (approximately 0.87 hectares) of orchard, buried 20cm deep at the root layer. Weather forecast data can be accessed via the local weather station API and transmitted to the main controller via a 4G module. The main controller can be an industrial-grade edge computing gateway (such as an ARM Cortex-A53 architecture) with an integrated RS485 interface to receive sensor data.

[0038] Installation Location: Soil moisture sensors are evenly distributed in the drip line area of ​​the fruit trees, buried 20 cm below the main root layer; the edge computing gateway is installed inside the moisture-proof cabinet of the orchard distribution box; the weather station is deployed in an open area of ​​the orchard. The system collects soil moisture data every 30 minutes. When three consecutive measurements are ≥65% of field capacity, a soil condition compliance signal is triggered. The main controller synchronously verifies the hot and dry wind warning status: if the real-time temperature is <32℃, humidity >25%, wind speed <3m / s, and there is no hot and dry wind weather warning in the next 48 hours, a bagging start command is generated. The command is sent to the orchard management terminal via the NB-IoT network, and the terminal displays a "Bagging is possible" prompt and activates the audible and visual alarm. If any condition is not met, the system re-detects after a 6-hour delay.

[0039] Functional Testing: A 20-mu (approximately 3.3 hectares) experimental area was selected in a mango orchard in Baise, Guangxi, to simulate soil moisture fluctuations during hot and dry winds. When soil moisture remained between 65% and 70% without warning, the system accurately triggered the bagging command; when soil moisture dropped to 62% or a warning was issued, the system refused to initiate bagging. By accurately matching soil moisture with disaster warnings, the system avoids bagging operations from exacerbating the spread of anthracnose under high temperature and humidity conditions and reduces fruit drop caused by transpiration imbalance.

[0040] In embodiments 1-6 above, the edge computing gateway can be an industrial-grade embedded computer equipped with a quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processor, and a built-in RS485 bus interface and NB-IoT communication module. The RS485 bus supports the Modbus-RTU protocol with a transmission distance of ≤1200 meters; the NB-IoT module supports Band 5 / Band 8 frequency bands with a transmit power of 23dBm. Sensor connection: Air temperature and humidity sensors, wind speed sensors, and soil moisture sensors can be connected to the RS485 bus via shielded twisted-pair cables, with a 120Ω impedance matching resistor connected in parallel at the bus terminal. Assembly location: The edge computing gateway is installed in a moisture-proof sealed chamber inside the orchard's power distribution box; the RS485 bus is laid overhead along the main road of the orchard, 2.5 meters above the ground; sensor nodes are fixed to the fruit tree supports via waterproof junction boxes. Data acquisition cycle: All sensors synchronously acquire data at a 5-minute cycle and transmit it to the edge computing gateway via the RS485 bus. The transmitted data packet includes sensor ID, timestamp, temperature value (°C), humidity value (%), wind speed value (m / s), and soil moisture value (% of field capacity). Local command generation: The gateway runs a hot and dry wind early warning model in real time. When it detects a temperature ≥32°C, humidity ≤25%, and wind speed ≥3m / s, it triggers a disaster response command within 10 seconds. The proportioning control module continuously monitors soil moisture. If the value is ≤60% of field capacity, it generates a water-fertilizer proportioning command within 20 seconds. Command transmission mechanism: Control commands are encapsulated via UDP protocol, including operation type code (1 byte), proportioning parameters (4 bytes), duration (2 bytes), and CRC-16 checksum (2 bytes). If the NB-IoT signal strength is <-90dBm, the command is stored in a FIFO buffer queue and retransmitted every 2 minutes until an ACK confirmation packet is received from the execution module. The NB-IoT communication submodules of the drip irrigation unit and micro-sprinkler unit are normally in sleep mode (power consumption ≤0.1W) and are activated within 500ms after receiving a wake-up command. The execution module verifies the command timestamp: if the deviation from the local clock is ≥60 seconds, the command is automatically discarded and a NAK retransmission request is sent. Functional testing: The system was deployed at a mango plantation in Sanya, Hainan, simulating a strong electromagnetic interference environment (30 meters from a high-voltage line). When the NB-IoT signal strength dropped to -92dBm, the gateway successfully stored the command in the buffer queue, and after 3 retransmissions, the execution module returned an ACK signal. In a continuous 72-hour test, the command packet loss rate was <0.1%. Structural design: The gateway circuit board uses a four-layer gold-plated PCB, and a TVS diode is added to the RS485 interface for surge protection; the NB-IoT antenna is placed in an IP67-rated enclosure and connected via an SMA interface. Edge computing localization reduces cloud dependence, and 5-minute data acquisition ensures real-time response; a dual verification mechanism (CRC-16 + timestamp) ensures the reliability of command transmission and meets the stable operation requirements of the complex electromagnetic environment of the orchard.

[0041] Comparative Example 1 A mango flowering period system is basically the same as that in Example 2, except that the stress-resistant liquid applied after mango flowering and before bagging does not contain manganese salt of imazalil and edible acetic acid. Specifically, the mass ratio of the stress-resistant liquid applied after mango flowering and before bagging includes: 0.05% sodium octaborate tetrahydrate, 0.2% calcium nitrate, 0.1% zinc sulfate heptahydrate, and the balance being water. Spraying of the stress-resistant liquid is stopped 30 days before harvest.

[0042] Comparative Example 2 A system for promoting mango flowering is basically the same as in Example 3, except that the flowering-promoting nutrient solution applied during the mango inflorescence elongation stage to the end of flowering does not contain calcium citrate and sodium selenite. Specifically, the mass ratio of the flowering-promoting nutrient solution applied during the mango inflorescence elongation stage to the end of flowering includes: 0.05% potassium humate, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.08% boric acid, and the balance being water, and this is applied 1-3 times cumulatively.

[0043] Experiment 2 Location: Tianyang District, Baise City, Guangxi (a region prone to hot and dry winds).

[0044] Variety: Three-year-old Guifei mango tree.

[0045] Grouping: Control group 1: Traditional manual management (experience-based irrigation + foliar fertilizer).

[0046] Examples 1-6: These correspond to the systems in Examples 1-6, respectively.

[0047] Comparative Examples 1-2: Systems corresponding to Comparative Examples 1-2.

[0048] Blank group: No intervention.

[0049] Replication: Each group has 3 replicate plots, each plot is 0.5 acres (30 fruit trees), and the plots are randomly arranged.

[0050] Test methods and data collection: 1. Disaster response efficiency: Indicators: Delay time (s) from the triggering of the hot and dry wind threshold to system startup, and soil moisture fluctuation range (% field capacity).

[0051] Method: Record system response data during each hot and dry wind event, with soil moisture sensors collecting data every 5 minutes.

[0052] 2. Physiological and fruit indicators: Fruit set rate: 15 days after flowering, 5 flower spikes were randomly selected from each plant to count the number of fruits set.

[0053] Fruit set rate (%) = (number of fruits / initial number of flowers) × 100.

[0054] Fruit cracking rate: The number of cracked fruits is counted during the young fruit stage (fruit diameter 20–30 mm).

[0055] Single fruit weight distribution: At harvest, the fruit is graded according to its weight: <200g, 200–300g, >300g, and the percentage is calculated.

[0056] Yield per mu: Weigh all the fruits in each plot and calculate the yield per mu (kg / mu).

[0057] Fruit quality: 50 fruits were randomly selected to measure soluble solids (sugar content, %).

[0058] 3. Mechanism analysis indicators: Antioxidant capacity: SOD enzyme activity (U / gFW) was detected by collecting petals during the flowering period.

[0059] Pathogen inhibition rate: number of anthracnose spores on the fruit surface before bagging (spores / cm²), compared with the control group.

[0060] Transpiration inhibition: During hot and dry winds, the decrease in leaf stomatal conductance (mmol / m² / s) (%) was calculated as follows: [(mean Gs of blank group - mean Gs of treatment group) / mean Gs of blank group] × 100.

[0061] The test results are shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3.

[0062] Table 1: Disaster Response and Soil Moisture Stability (Average of 3 Hot and Dry Wind Events) As shown in Table 1, the intelligent system (Examples 1-6) had a response delay of ≤60 seconds, significantly faster than the CK group (2 hours). In Example 6, the stomatal conductance decreased the most due to the bagging decision module optimizing the timing of micro-spraying (strongest transpiration inhibition), which reduced water loss by closing the stomata and thus helped protect pollen viability.

[0063] Table 2: Fruit Yield and Quality Indicators As shown in Table 2, compared with Comparative Example 2, the addition of calcium citrate and sodium selenite in Example 3 reduced the fruit cracking rate. This is likely because the combination of calcium citrate, potassium humate, and sodium selenite is beneficial in reducing the fruit cracking rate (increased calcium absorption efficiency and enhanced antioxidant capacity). Compared with Comparative Example 1, Example 2 showed that the stress-resistant solution containing manganese prochloraz increased the fruit set rate (and also increased the anthracnose inhibition rate). The phenological stage module also helped to improve the fruit set rate of Example 4 compared to Example 1 (facilitating the on-demand adjustment of zinc humate). Example 6, through the bagging decision module, further improved the fruit set rate, yield per acre, and the proportion of high-quality fruit.

[0064] Table 3: Physiological Mechanism Data As shown in Tables 2 and 3, compared with Comparative Example 1, Example 2 shows that acetic acid lowers the leaf pH, enhances fungicide penetration, and significantly increases the anthracnose inhibition rate. Furthermore, the combination of sodium octaborate tetrahydrate and sodium octaborate increases pollen tube elongation and reduces fruit drop. Compared with Comparative Example 2, Example 3 shows that sodium selenite helps enhance SOD activity and delay cell senescence; calcium citrate combined with potassium humate helps improve calcium absorption efficiency and reduce fruit cracking.

[0065] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. It can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. Further modifications can be readily implemented by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A smart water and fertilizer system for promoting flowering and fruiting during the mango flowering period, characterized in that, include: Multi-parameter monitoring module: Air temperature and humidity sensors, wind speed sensors, and soil moisture sensors deployed in the orchard to collect environmental data in real time; Main controller: Built-in hot and dry wind early warning model and ratio control module, wherein the hot and dry wind early warning model triggers disaster response based on the coupling threshold of air temperature ≥32℃, relative humidity ≤25%, and wind speed ≥3m / s; The ratio control module generates water and fertilizer synergy instructions based on soil moisture data; Execution module: Responds to main controller commands, including: Root drip irrigation unit: delivers flowering-promoting nutrient solution, the raw material mass ratio of which includes 0.2%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05%-0.1% boric acid and water as the remainder; Foliar micro-spraying unit: sprays stress-resistant liquid, the raw material mass ratio of which includes 0.2%-0.4% edible acetic acid, 0.1%-0.3% calcium nitrate, 0.05%-0.15% zinc sulfate heptahydrate and water as the balance; Among them, root drip irrigation and foliar micro-spraying are started and stopped simultaneously or individually based on the same threshold of soil moisture ≤60% field capacity. The flower-promoting nutrient solution of the root drip irrigation unit is further supplemented with humic acid chelated zinc at a mass ratio of 0.08%-0.12%. The main controller is equipped with a phenological stage determination module, which identifies the developmental stage based on the slope K of soil moisture change: When K ≥ 0.5% humidity / hour and lasts for 12 hours, it is determined to be the inflorescence elongation period, and the flower-promoting nutrient solution is switched to high humic acid mode. In the high humic acid mode, the mass ratio of humic acid chelated zinc is 0.12%. When K ≤ 0.2% humidity / hour for 24 hours, it is determined to be the young fruit stage, and the flowering nutrient solution is switched to low humic acid mode. In the low humic acid mode, the mass ratio of humic acid chelated zinc is 0.08%. It also includes a bagging decision module, which generates bagging timing instructions based on hot and dry wind warning results, soil moisture data, and weather forecasts for the next 48 hours. Bagging should only be initiated when soil moisture is ≥ 65% of field capacity and there is no warning of hot and dry winds. The execution logic of the bagging decision module is as follows: 1) When soil moisture is ≥ 65% of field capacity and there is no warning of hot and dry winds, trigger the pre-bagging instruction; 2) Upon receiving the pre-bagging instruction, the main controller immediately activates the foliar micro-spraying unit to spray the stress-resistant liquid, reducing the spray volume to 2L / plant•h for 30 minutes; 3) After spraying, the diameter of the young fruit is identified based on the image captured by the orchard camera: if the diameter is ∈ [10mm, 15mm] and the branch and leaf spread is ≥90%, the final bagging instruction is generated; if the diameter is <10mm or the branches and leaves are wilted, the detection is re-tested after a delay of 6 hours. 4) After bagging is completed, the main controller monitors the hot and dry wind warning in real time: if the warning occurs within 12 hours after bagging, the leaf micro-spraying unit is activated to spray the anti-stress liquid until the warning is lifted.

2. The intelligent water and fertilizer system for promoting flowering and fruiting during the mango flowering period as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The stress-resistant liquid sprayed by the foliar micro-spraying unit further comprises, by mass ratio: 0.01%-0.02% imazalil manganese salt and 0.05%-0.08% sodium octaborate tetrahydrate; the stress-resistant liquid further comprising imazalil manganese salt and sodium octaborate tetrahydrate is applied after mango flowering and before bagging, and spraying is stopped 30 days before harvesting.

3. The intelligent water and fertilizer system for promoting flowering and fruiting during the mango flowering period as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The flower-promoting nutrient solution of the root drip irrigation unit further comprises, by mass ratio: 0.1%-0.3% calcium citrate, 0.05%-0.1% potassium humate, and 0.001%-0.003% sodium selenite; the flower-promoting nutrient solution further comprising calcium citrate, potassium humate, and sodium selenite is applied from the mango inflorescence elongation stage to the flowering end stage, with a cumulative application frequency of 1-3 times.

4. The intelligent mango flowering and fruit-promoting water and fertilizer system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The main controller is equipped with an edge computing gateway, which integrates soil moisture and meteorological data in real time to generate control commands; the execution module receives commands through narrowband Internet of Things.

5. The intelligent water and fertilizer system for promoting flowering and fruiting during the mango flowering period as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The edge computing gateway integrates an RS485 bus interface and an NB-IoT communication module; Sensor data fusion method: Air temperature and humidity sensor, wind speed sensor and soil moisture sensor upload real-time data to edge computing gateway via RS485 bus at a cycle of 5 minutes; Command generation logic: The edge computing gateway runs the dry and hot wind early warning model and the ratio control module locally. When real-time data triggers disaster response or soil moisture threshold, it generates control commands within 60 seconds. Command transmission protocol: Control commands are sent to the execution module via the NB-IoT network using the UDP protocol. The command packet includes the operation type, matching parameters and duration, and is accompanied by a CRC-16 checksum.

6. The intelligent water and fertilizer system for promoting flowering and fruiting during the mango flowering period as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The edge computing gateway has a built-in data cache queue. When the NB-IoT signal strength is <-90dBm, the instruction is temporarily stored and retransmitted every 2 minutes until the execution module returns an ACK signal. Both the drip irrigation unit and the micro-spraying unit of the execution module are equipped with NB-IoT communication sub-modules, with a sleep power consumption of ≤0.1W and a wake-up response time of ≤500ms; Anti-interference mechanism: The control command has a preset timestamp. If the error between the received command and the generated timestamp is ≥60 seconds, the command will be automatically discarded and a retransmission will be requested.

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