Simple device for synthesizing fullerene by arc discharge method

Abstract

The invention discloses a simple device for synthesizing fullerene by an arc discharge method, which relates to the technical field of carbon nanomaterial preparation, and adopts the technical scheme that the simple device comprises a reaction chamber, a cathode graphite rod and an anode graphite rod are arranged in the reaction chamber, an air inlet is fixedly connected to the bottom of the reaction chamber, and a turbine is rotatably connected to the interior of the air inlet; one side of the turbine is rotationally connected with a vibration shell, the vibration shell is fixedly connected to the bottom of the reaction chamber, the turbine is fixedly connected with a first gear, the first gear is in meshed connection with a second gear, the second gear is fixedly connected with a first eccentric shaft, and the first eccentric shaft is rotationally connected with a first connecting plate. Sediments are easy to gather on the surface of the cathode, so that the reaction continuity is influenced, the lifting rod can be driven to move by starting the cleaning mechanism at set intervals, the lifting rod can move to drive the cathode scraper to reciprocate up and down, and the surface of the cathode graphite rod can be scraped and cleaned through the reciprocating movement of the cathode scraper.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of carbon nanomaterial preparation, and particularly relates to a simple device for synthesizing fullerenes by arc discharge method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The device for synthesizing fullerenes by arc discharge method is a core equipment for preparing fullerenes by arc discharge principle. The device applies high-voltage current between high-purity graphite rod electrodes, generates high-temperature arc in an inert gas environment, makes graphite gasify to form plasma, and under the protection of inert gas, carbon atoms form stable fullerenes molecules through multiple collisions, combination and closure, and finally deposit in the form of soot on the inner wall of the reactor. The device is relatively simple to operate and has high safety factor. The yield can be optimized by adjusting the electrode spacing, power supply power and other parameters. The device is especially suitable for small-scale laboratory preparation and synthesis research of new fullerenes structure. The product fullerenes have wide application prospects in the fields of photoelectric catalysis, biomedicine, superconducting materials and lubricants due to the unique cage structure and physical and chemical properties.

[0003] In the actual use process of the existing device, when arc discharge occurs, high temperature will cause the evaporation of graphite electrodes and metal catalysts to form carbon vapor and metal vapor. However, these substances are easy to deposit on the surface of the cathode to form an insulating deposit, which increases the surface resistance of the cathode and makes it difficult to maintain stable arc, and even the arc may be extinguished, affecting the continuity of the reaction. Therefore, a simple device for synthesizing fullerenes by arc discharge method is proposed. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to solve the problem in the prior art that high temperature during arc discharge causes the evaporation of graphite electrodes and metal catalysts to form carbon vapor and metal vapor, which is easy to deposit on the surface of the cathode to form an insulating deposit, which increases the surface resistance of the cathode and makes it difficult to maintain stable arc, and even the arc may be extinguished, affecting the continuity of the reaction. A simple device for synthesizing fullerenes by arc discharge method is proposed.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The utility model provides a simple device of arc discharge method synthesis fullerene, including reaction chamber, the inside of reaction chamber is provided with cathode graphite stick and anode graphite stick, the bottom of reaction chamber is fixedly connected with air inlet, the inside rotationally connected with turbine of air inlet, one side of turbine is rotationally connected with vibration shell, vibration shell is fixedly connected in the bottom of reaction chamber, turbine is fixedly connected with first gear, first gear is meshed with second gear, second gear is fixedly connected with first eccentric shaft, first eccentric shaft is rotationally connected with first connecting plate, first connecting plate is rotationally connected with vibration head, vibration head and vibration shell are connected between slide, the bottom of reaction chamber is provided with cleaning mechanism, the upper portion of cleaning mechanism is fixedly connected with lifting rod, the upper portion of lifting rod is fixedly connected with cathode doctor, through cleaning mechanism drives cathode doctor reciprocating lift.

[0007] When arc discharge, the deposit is accumulated on the surface of cathode graphite stick, through starting cleaning mechanism drives lifting rod to move, and then drives cathode doctor reciprocating lift, thereby scraping the surface of cathode graphite stick and cleaning the deposit, and in the process of cleaning cathode doctor, the inert gas in the air inlet drives turbine to rotate, and the rotation of turbine drives the rotation of first eccentric shaft, and the rotation of first eccentric shaft drives the high-frequency vibration of vibration head, thereby rapidly patting lifting rod, making cathode doctor vibrate, making cathode doctor vibrate while scraping, which helps to loosen and fall off the deposit on the surface of cathode graphite stick, the inside of air inlet is provided with valve, and the input amount of inert gas is controlled by the application.

[0008] The above technical scheme further comprises:

[0009] The cleaning mechanism comprises a cleaning shell fixedly connected to the bottom of the reaction chamber, the cleaning shell is internally provided with a first motor, and the output end of the first motor is provided with a cleaning assembly.

[0010] The cleaning assembly comprises a first transmission wheel provided at the output end of the first motor, the first transmission wheel is in transmission connection with a transmission belt, the transmission belt is in transmission connection with a second transmission wheel, the second transmission wheel is fixedly connected with a second eccentric shaft, the second eccentric shaft is in rotation connection with a second connecting plate, the second connecting plate is in rotation connection with the lifting rod, the lifting rod is in sliding connection with the cleaning shell, the cathode doctor is made of metal ceramic, which can remain stable at high temperature, has good wear resistance and long service life.

[0011] The bottom of the reaction chamber is fixedly connected with a feeding port, the top of the reaction chamber is fixedly connected with an exhaust port, one side of the exhaust port is provided with a vacuum pump, the vacuum pump is fixedly connected to the top of the reaction chamber, the end of the feeding port away from the reaction chamber is connected with a screw feeder, and the exhaust port is internally provided with a valve.

[0012] The cooling cavity is fixedly connected with the upper part of the reaction chamber, and the upper part of the cooling cavity is fixedly connected with a liquid inlet, and the bottom of the cooling cavity is fixedly connected with a liquid outlet.

[0013] The top of the reaction chamber is provided with a gas cylinder, and the output end of the gas cylinder is provided with a scraper, which is in sliding connection with the reaction chamber.

[0014] The side of the reaction chamber is fixedly connected with an adjusting shell, and the inside of the adjusting shell is provided with a second motor, and the output end of the second motor is provided with an adjusting assembly.

[0015] The adjusting assembly comprises a worm provided at the output end of the second motor, the worm is in meshing connection with a worm gear, the worm gear is fixedly connected with a third gear, the third gear is in meshing connection with a transmission rack, and the transmission rack is fixedly connected with the anode graphite rod.

[0016] The inside of the adjusting shell is fixedly connected with a limiting groove, and the inside of the limiting groove is in sliding connection with the transmission rack.

[0017] The present application has the following advantages:

[0018] 1. In the present application, during arc discharge, the deposits are easily accumulated on the surface of the cathode, thereby affecting the continuity of the reaction. Every certain period of time, the cleaning mechanism is started to drive the lifting rod to move, and the movement of the lifting rod drives the cathode scraper to reciprocate up and down. The reciprocating movement of the cathode scraper can scrape and clean the surface of the cathode graphite rod. During the cleaning process of the cathode scraper, the inert gas input through the air inlet can simultaneously drive the turbine to rotate, and the rotation of the turbine can drive the vibration head to reciprocate, thereby high-frequency tapping the lifting rod, so that the cathode scraper vibrates during scraping, which helps to loosen and fall off the deposits on the surface of the cathode graphite rod, thereby effectively reducing the resistance during scraping and cleaning of the cathode scraper, and improving the cleaning effect.

[0019] 2. In the present application, before the reaction, the second motor is started to drive the adjusting assembly to transmit, and under the action of the adjusting assembly, the transmission rack is driven to move, thereby adjusting the position of the anode graphite rod, accurately adjusting the distance between the cathode graphite rod and the anode graphite rod, and ensuring the stability of the arc. The inert gas can be delivered to the reaction area through the air inlet, which can accelerate cooling and inhibit side reactions. At the same time, the feeding system connected with the feeding port can also be used, and the gas carrying graphite powder and metal compounds enters the arc area, thereby improving the reaction efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 The present application provides a simple device for synthesizing fullerene by arc discharge method.

[0021] Figure 2 The internal structure of the reaction chamber in the application is shown in the figure;

[0022] Figure 3 The internal structure of the gas inlet in the application is shown in the figure;

[0023] Figure 4 The internal structure of the cleaning shell in the application is shown in the figure;

[0024] Figure 5 The connection relationship of the anode graphite rod in the application is shown in the figure;

[0025] Figure 6 The internal structure of the adjusting shell in the application is shown in the figure.

[0026] In the figure: 1, reaction chamber; 2, cooling cavity; 3, liquid inlet; 4, liquid outlet; 5, adjusting shell; 6, feeding port; 7, gas inlet; 8, cleaning shell; 9, air cylinder; 10, exhaust port; 11, vacuum pump; 12, scraper; 13, cathode graphite rod; 14, anode graphite rod; 15, lifting rod; 16, cathode scraper; 17, turbine; 18, vibration shell; 19, first gear; 20, second gear; 21, first eccentric shaft; 22, first connecting plate; 23, vibration head; 24, first motor; 25, first transmission wheel; 26, transmission belt; 27, second transmission wheel; 28, second eccentric shaft; 29, second connecting plate; 30, second motor; 31, worm; 32, worm gear; 33, third gear; 34, transmission rack; 35, limiting groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the application.

[0028] Embodiment one

[0029] As Figures 1-6As shown, a simple device for synthesizing fullerenes by arc discharge method, including reaction chamber 1, reaction chamber 1 inside provided with cathode graphite rod 13 and anode graphite rod 14, reaction chamber 1 bottom fixedly connected with air inlet 7, air inlet 7 inside rotatably connected with turbine 17, turbine 17 one side rotatably connected with vibration shell 18, vibration shell 18 is fixedly connected in reaction chamber 1 bottom, turbine 17 is fixedly connected with first gear 19, first gear 19 is meshed with second gear 20, second gear 20 is fixedly connected with first eccentric shaft 21, first eccentric shaft 21 rotatably connected with first connecting plate 22, first connecting plate 22 rotatably connected with vibration head 23, vibration head 23 and vibration shell 18 between the sliding connection, reaction chamber 1 bottom is provided with cleaning mechanism, cleaning mechanism upper portion is fixedly connected with lifting rod 15, lifting rod 15 upper portion is fixedly connected with cathode scraper 16, through cleaning mechanism drives cathode scraper 16 reciprocating lifting.

[0030] When arc discharge, the deposition is accumulated on the surface of cathode graphite rod 13, through starting cleaning mechanism drives lifting rod 15 to move, and then drives cathode scraper 16 reciprocating lifting, thereby scraping the surface of cathode graphite rod 13 to clean the deposition, and in the process of cleaning cathode scraper 16, the inert gas is introduced into the air inlet 7 to drive the turbine 17 to rotate, and the turbine 17 drives the first eccentric shaft 21 to rotate, and the first eccentric shaft 21 drives the vibration head 23 to vibrate at high frequency, thereby rapidly patting the lifting rod 15, so that the cathode scraper 16 vibrates, the cathode scraper 16 scrapes at the same time, which helps to loosen and fall off the deposition on the surface of cathode graphite rod 13, the air inlet 7 is provided with a valve, and the input amount of inert gas is controlled by the invention.

[0031] The cleaning mechanism includes a cleaning shell 8 fixedly connected to the bottom of the reaction chamber 1, a first motor 24 is arranged in the cleaning shell 8, a cleaning assembly is arranged on the output end of the first motor 24, the cleaning assembly includes a first transmission wheel 25 arranged on the output end of the first motor 24, a transmission belt 26 is drivingly connected to the first transmission wheel 25, a second transmission wheel 27 is drivingly connected to the transmission belt 26, a second eccentric shaft 28 is fixedly connected to the second transmission wheel 27, a second connecting plate 29 is rotatably connected to the second eccentric shaft 28, the lifting rod 15 is rotatably connected to the second connecting plate 29, the lifting rod 15 is slidingly connected to the cleaning shell 8, the cathode scraper 16 is made of metal ceramic, which can keep stable at high temperature, has good wear resistance and long service life.

[0032] In this embodiment, the arc discharge, the deposit is easy to gather on the cathode surface, thereby affecting the continuity of the reaction, and every time by starting the first motor 24 can drive the first transmission wheel 25 rotation, the first transmission wheel 25 rotation drive transmission connected transmission belt 26 rotation, and the transmission belt 26 rotation drive transmission connected second transmission wheel 27 rotation, the second transmission wheel 27 rotation drive fixedly connected second eccentric shaft 28 rotation, and the second eccentric shaft 28 rotation can drive rotationally connected second connecting plate 29 rotation, and then drive rotationally connected lifting rod 15 movement, and the lifting rod 15 movement can drive the cathode scraper 16 reciprocating movement, through the reciprocating movement of the cathode scraper 16 can be scraped on the surface of the cathode graphite rod 13 cleaning.

[0033] In the process of cleaning the cathode scraper 16, the inert gas input through the gas inlet 7 inside can drive the turbine 17 rotation, the turbine 17 rotation can drive fixedly connected first gear 19 rotation, the first gear 19 rotation drive meshing connected second gear 20 rotation, and the second gear 20 rotation can drive fixedly connected first eccentric shaft 21 rotation, and the first eccentric shaft 21 rotation can drive rotationally connected first connecting plate 22 rotation, through the first connecting plate 22 rotation can drive rotationally connected vibration head 23 reciprocating movement, so that the high frequency beat lifting rod 15, so that the cathode scraper 16 in the process of scraping vibration, under the action of vibration helps to loosen and fall off the deposit on the surface of the cathode graphite rod 13, thereby effectively reducing the resistance of the cathode scraper 16 scraping cleaning, improve the cleaning effect.

[0034] Embodiment two

[0035] As shown in Figures 1-6 The bottom of the reaction chamber 1 is fixedly connected with a feeding port 6, the top of the reaction chamber 1 is fixedly connected with an exhaust port 10, one side of the exhaust port 10 is provided with a vacuum pump 11, the vacuum pump 11 is fixedly connected on the top of the reaction chamber 1, the feeding port 6 is connected with a screw feeder away from the reaction chamber 1, a valve is arranged in the exhaust port 10, the cooling cavity 2 is fixedly connected on the upper part of the reaction chamber 1, the liquid inlet 3 is fixedly connected on the upper part of the cooling cavity 2, the liquid outlet 4 is fixedly connected on the bottom of the cooling cavity 2, the condensate water flows into the cooling cavity 2 through the cooling cavity 2, and the invalid condensate water is discharged through the liquid outlet 4, the gas cylinder 9 is arranged on the top of the reaction chamber 1, the scraper 12 is arranged on the output end of the gas cylinder 9, and the scraper 12 is slidingly connected with the reaction chamber 1.

[0036] The adjusting shell 5 is fixedly connected to one side of the reaction chamber 1, the second motor 30 is arranged in the adjusting shell 5, the adjusting assembly is arranged at the output end of the second motor 30, the adjusting assembly comprises the worm 31 arranged at the output end of the second motor 30, the worm 31 is meshedly connected with the worm gear 32, the worm gear 32 is fixedly connected with the third gear 33, the third gear 33 is meshedly connected with the transmission rack 34, the transmission rack 34 is fixedly connected with the anode graphite rod 14, the limiting groove 35 is fixedly connected in the adjusting shell 5, and the transmission rack 34 is slidably connected in the limiting groove 35.

[0037] In the embodiment, before the reaction, the second motor 30 is started to drive the worm 31 to rotate, the worm 31 drives the meshedly connected worm gear 32 to rotate, the worm gear 32 drives the fixedly connected third gear 33 to rotate, the third gear 33 drives the meshedly connected transmission rack 34 to move, and the limiting groove 35 slidably connected with the transmission rack 34 can ensure the stability of the transmission rack 34 during movement, the transmission rack 34 drives the fixedly connected anode graphite rod 14 to move, thereby adjusting the position of the anode graphite rod 14 and accurately adjusting the distance between the cathode graphite rod 13 and the anode graphite rod 14, and ensuring the stability of the electric arc.

[0038] The inert gas can be delivered to the reaction area through the gas inlet 7 to accelerate cooling and inhibit side reactions, and the gas carrying graphite powder and metal compounds can enter the electric arc area in cooperation with the feeding system connected with the feeding port 6, thereby improving the reaction efficiency. During the reaction process, the condensate water can be introduced into the cooling cavity 2 through the liquid inlet 3, thereby reducing the temperature of the upper region of the reaction chamber 1 and further accelerating the cooling speed of the gas in the upper region, which helps to reduce side reactions and improve the yield and purity of fullerene. The exhaust port 10 is arranged at the top of the reaction chamber 1 as a waste gas discharge area for effectively discharging the waste gas generated in the reaction. The top exhaust port 10 is linked with the vacuum pump 11 to maintain the pressure in the reaction chamber 1 stable and ensure that the reaction is carried out in a suitable atmosphere. After the reaction is completed, the scraper 12 can be driven to move by the air cylinder 9, so as to scrape off the graphene on the inner wall of the reaction chamber 1.

[0039] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, replacements and modifications can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirits of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A simple device for synthesizing fullerenes by arc discharge method, comprising a reaction chamber (1), characterized in that, The reaction chamber (1) is internally provided with a cathode graphite rod (13) and an anode graphite rod (14), the bottom of the reaction chamber (1) is fixedly connected with an air inlet (7), the air inlet (7) is rotatably connected with a turbine (17) internally, one side of the turbine (17) is rotatably connected with a vibration shell (18), the vibration shell (18) is fixedly connected at the bottom of the reaction chamber (1), the turbine (17) is fixedly connected with a first gear (19), the first gear (19) is meshedly connected with a second gear (20), the second gear (20) is fixedly connected with a first eccentric shaft (21), the first eccentric shaft (21) is rotatably connected with a first connecting plate (22), the first connecting plate (22) is rotatably connected with a vibration head (23), the vibration head (23) is slidably connected between the vibration shell (18), the bottom of the reaction chamber (1) is provided with a cleaning mechanism, the upper portion of the cleaning mechanism is fixedly connected with a lifting rod (15), the upper portion of the lifting rod (15) is fixedly connected with a cathode scraper (16), the cathode scraper (16) is reciprocatingly lifted by the cleaning mechanism; When the electric arc discharges, the deposits are accumulated on the surface of the cathode graphite rod (13), the lifting rod (15) is moved by starting the cleaning mechanism, and then the cathode scraper (16) is reciprocatingly lifted, so that the deposits on the surface of the cathode graphite rod (13) are scraped, and in the cleaning process of the cathode scraper (16), the turbine (17) is driven to rotate by the inert gas introduced into the air inlet (7), the first eccentric shaft (21) is driven to rotate by the rotation of the turbine (17), the vibration head (23) is high-frequency vibrated by the rotation of the first eccentric shaft (21), so that the lifting rod (15) is rapidly hit, the cathode scraper (16) is vibrated, and the cathode scraper (16) is scraped and vibrated at the same time, which helps to loosen and fall off the deposits on the surface of the cathode graphite rod (13).

2. The simple apparatus for synthesizing fullerenes by arc discharge method according to claim 1, wherein, The cleaning mechanism comprises a cleaning shell (8) fixedly connected at the bottom of the reaction chamber (1), and the cleaning shell (8) is internally provided with a first motor (24).

3. The simple apparatus for synthesizing fullerenes by arc discharge method according to claim 2, wherein, The cleaning assembly comprises a first transmission wheel (25) provided at the output end of the first motor (24), the first transmission wheel (25) is in transmission connection with a transmission belt (26), the transmission belt (26) is in transmission connection with a second transmission wheel (27), the second transmission wheel (27) is fixedly connected with a second eccentric shaft (28), the second eccentric shaft (28) is rotatably connected with a second connecting plate (29), the second connecting plate (29) is rotatably connected with the lifting rod (15), and the lifting rod (15) is slidably connected with the cleaning shell (8).

4. The simple apparatus for synthesizing fullerenes by arc discharge method according to claim 1, wherein, The bottom of the reaction chamber (1) is fixedly connected with a feeding port (6), the top of the reaction chamber (1) is fixedly connected with an exhaust port (10), one side of the exhaust port (10) is provided with a vacuum pump (11), and the vacuum pump (11) is fixedly connected at the top of the reaction chamber (1).

5. The simple apparatus for synthesizing fullerenes by arc discharge method according to claim 1, wherein, The upper part of the reaction chamber (1) is fixedly connected with a cooling cavity (2), the upper part of the cooling cavity (2) is fixedly connected with a liquid inlet (3), and the bottom of the cooling cavity (2) is fixedly connected with a liquid outlet (4).

6. The simple apparatus for synthesizing fullerenes by arc discharge method according to claim 1, wherein, The top of the reaction chamber (1) is provided with a gas cylinder (9), the output end of the gas cylinder (9) is provided with a scraper (12), and the scraper (12) is slidably connected with the reaction chamber (1).

7. The simple apparatus for synthesizing fullerenes by arc discharge method according to claim 1, wherein, The side of the reaction chamber (1) is fixedly connected with an adjusting shell (5), the inside of the adjusting shell (5) is provided with a second motor (30), and the output end of the second motor (30) is provided with an adjusting assembly.

8. The simple apparatus for synthesizing fullerenes by arc discharge method according to claim 7, wherein, The adjusting assembly comprises a worm (31) provided at the output end of the second motor (30), the worm (31) is meshedly connected with a worm wheel (32), the worm wheel (32) is fixedly connected with a third gear (33), the third gear (33) is meshedly connected with a transmission rack (34), and the transmission rack (34) is fixedly connected with the anode graphite rod (14).

9. The simple apparatus for synthesizing fullerenes by arc discharge method according to claim 7, wherein, The inside of the adjusting shell (5) is fixedly connected with a limiting groove (35), and the inside of the limiting groove (35) is slidably connected with the transmission rack (34).

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