A solid state hydrolysis hydrogen production SOFC-GT hybrid system integrated with water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery

Abstract

The application discloses a solid-state hydrolysis hydrogen production SOFC-GT hybrid power system integrating water circulation and multistage heat recovery, and belongs to the field of aviation hybrid power. The system solves the problems of online hydrogen production by reforming hydrocarbon fuel, thermodynamic mismatch caused by reaction endothermic and easy carbon deposition blockage. The system comprises the following parts: an air inlet of a combustion chamber is communicated with an outlet of a fan; an outlet of the fan is communicated with an inlet of a compressor and a bypass nozzle; the outlet of the compressor is communicated with an inlet of a solid oxide fuel cell; a fuel inlet of the combustion chamber is communicated with a naphtha fuel tank through a naphtha fuel pump; an outlet of the naphtha fuel pump is communicated with an inlet of a high-pressure turbine; an outlet of the high-pressure turbine is communicated with an inlet of a low-pressure turbine; an outlet of the low-pressure turbine is communicated with an inlet of a core nozzle through a heat exchanger; an outlet of a hydrolysis reactor is communicated with an inlet of a separator; an outlet of the separator is communicated with an anode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell; and an outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell is communicated with the combustion chamber. The application is used in the field of fuel preparation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aviation hybrid power technology, and in particular relates to a solid water electrolysis hydrogen production SOFC-GT hybrid power system that integrates water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous upgrading of payloads for high-altitude long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), higher demands are being placed on onboard power supply capabilities and cruise time, leading to the development of "more electric aircraft." Traditional onboard power generation methods mainly achieve this through bleed air from the aircraft engine driving the generator or directly extracting mechanical work from the main shaft. However, when dealing with high power demands exceeding kilowatt levels, significant efficiency losses occur: the bleed air process weakens the engine's core mechanical work capacity, while extracting power from the main shaft directly reduces propulsion efficiency. Both of these methods are insufficient to meet the stringent energy utilization requirements of long-endurance missions.

[0003] Against this backdrop, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), with their electrochemical conversion efficiency exceeding 60%, are considered a highly promising next-generation aviation power source. Existing research has explored integrating SOFCs with gas turbine (GT) engines, for example, using high-pressure air and fuel from the compressor outlet to generate electricity in the SOFC, and then sending the high-temperature exhaust gas from the electrochemical reaction into the combustion chamber for afterburning. Theoretically, such SOFC-GT hybrid systems can improve overall efficiency and reduce fuel consumption through energy cascade utilization. However, the stable and efficient operation of SOFCs is highly dependent on a continuous and safe supply of hydrogen-rich fuel. Current mainstream hydrogen supply solutions have serious limitations: high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage results in bulky systems due to low hydrogen density; cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage requires complex insulation and evaporation gas management devices, making it unsuitable for aviation platforms; while online reforming of aviation kerosene can avoid storage and transportation risks, it faces the thermodynamic mismatch between the strong endothermic characteristics of the reforming reaction and the high-temperature exothermic requirements of SOFCs, and the hydrocarbon fuel reforming process is prone to catalyst deactivation and flow channel blockage due to carbon buildup, making reliability difficult to guarantee. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a solid water electrolysis hydrogen production SOFC-GT hybrid power system that integrates water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery, in order to solve the problems of thermodynamic mismatch caused by the endothermic reaction or the easy generation of carbon deposits and blockage when using hydrocarbon fuels such as aviation kerosene for online reforming hydrogen production.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A solid-state water electrolysis hydrogen production SOFC-GT hybrid power system integrating water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery, the system comprising: Air intake, fan, compressor, combustion chamber, high-pressure turbine, low-pressure turbine, hydrolysis reactor, heat exchanger, separator, solid oxide fuel cell, bypass nozzle, core nozzle, aviation kerosene storage tank and aviation kerosene fuel pump; The air intake is connected to the outside atmosphere, and the air intake outlet is connected to the fan inlet. The outlet of the fan is connected to the inlet of the compressor and the inlet of the bypass nozzle, respectively. The combustion chamber has three air inlets: an air inlet, a fuel inlet, and an exhaust gas inlet; the air inlet of the combustion chamber is connected to the outlet of the compressor; the exhaust gas inlet of the combustion chamber is connected to the solid oxide fuel cell; the fuel inlet of the combustion chamber is connected to the aviation kerosene storage tank via a aviation kerosene fuel pump. The outlet of the combustion chamber is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure turbine; the outlet of the high-pressure turbine is connected to the inlet of the low-pressure turbine; the outlet of the low-pressure turbine is connected to the inlet of the core nozzle via a heat exchanger. The outlet of the hydrolysis reactor is connected to the inlet of the separator, the outlet of the separator is connected to the anode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell, and the cathode inlet is connected to the outlet of the heat exchanger; the outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell is connected to the combustion chamber. The outlets of both the core nozzle and the bypass nozzle are connected to the atmosphere.

[0006] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is proposed in which the separator is provided with a water vapor recovery port, which is directly connected to the reactant inlet of the hydrolysis reactor, for separating the high-temperature water vapor discharged from the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell and transporting it to the hydrolysis reactor as a raw material for the hydrolysis reaction.

[0007] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is proposed in which the hydrolysis reactor, separator, and solid oxide fuel cell are arranged in an inline annular layout and integrated into the high-pressure main channel between the compressor and the combustion chamber.

[0008] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is proposed, wherein the heat exchanger is used for multi-stage heat recovery; in the first stage, the air drawn from the compressor is used as a cold source and undergoes a primary heat exchange with the high-temperature hydrogen produced by the hydrolysis reactor in the heat exchanger; in the second stage, the air after the primary heat exchange undergoes a secondary heat exchange with the combustion gas discharged from the low-pressure turbine in the heat exchanger, and is then fed into the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell after being heated.

[0009] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is proposed in which the solid fuel of the hydrolysis reactor is a highly active metal or metal hydride, including aluminum, sodium borohydride, or magnesium hydride.

[0010] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is proposed in which the anode outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell is also equipped with an unreacted hydrogen recovery channel, which transports the remaining hydrogen after water vapor separation to the exhaust gas inlet of the combustion chamber, where it participates in combustion together with jet fuel.

[0011] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is proposed in which the hydrolysis reactor adopts an active thermal management structure, including a jacket surrounding the reactor core or a cooling channel penetrating the interior. Air drawn from the compressor flows through this structure to achieve active control of the reactor temperature, while absorbing the heat of reaction to form preheated air.

[0012] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is proposed in which the exhaust gas from the low-pressure turbine is reheated by a heat exchanger, and a portion of the exhaust gas is recirculated and guided to the inlet of the combustion chamber to participate in the combustion cycle.

[0013] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is proposed in which the air at the fan outlet is split into a first path that enters the bypass nozzle to directly generate thrust, a second path that enters the compressor for compression and is then split again into a third path that enters the combustion chamber and a fourth path that enters the heat exchanger, wherein the air volume of the fourth path is less than that of the third path.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) The hybrid power system proposed in this invention generates electricity directly and efficiently through SOFC, and sends its anode spent fuel and cathode spent gas into the combustion chamber for supplementary combustion, thus realizing the cascade utilization of energy. This mode greatly reduces the energy conversion loss of traditional power generation methods, thereby significantly improving the overall system efficiency and reducing fuel consumption rate.

[0015] (2) By recovering the water vapor generated in the SOFC anode exhaust gas and using it for the hydrolysis reaction, this invention constructs a closed-loop water resource cycle. This design significantly reduces the initial onboard water load of the aircraft, translating the weight margin into longer endurance or greater mission payload, thus improving mission flexibility. Through the design of the hydrolysis reactor and the action of the separator, the formation of carbon deposits during the reforming process can be effectively avoided. This solves the common carbon buildup and clogging problem in traditional hydrogen production systems.

[0016] (3) This invention uses solid composite materials as a hydrogen source to achieve high-density hydrogen storage. Its stable characteristics at room temperature and pressure and the "on-demand hydrogen production" mode fundamentally avoid the safety risks and system complexity brought about by traditional high-pressure or low-temperature hydrogen storage methods, and improve the inherent safety and integration convenience of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a solid water electrolysis hydrogen production SOFC-GT hybrid power system integrating water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery as described in this invention. Air represents air, Hydrogen represents hydrogen, H2O represents water, and Gas represents fuel gas. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the inline ring layout of a solid water electrolysis hydrogen production SOFC-GT hybrid power system integrating water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery as described in this invention.

[0018] In the picture: 1. Intake; 2. Fan; 3. Compressor; 4. Combustion chamber; 5. High-pressure turbine; 6. Low-pressure turbine; 7. Hydrolysis reactor; 8. Heat exchanger; 9. Separator; 10. Solid oxide fuel cell; 11. Bypass nozzle; 12. Core nozzle; 13. Jet fuel tank; 14. Jet fuel pump. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, and the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.

[0020] Implementation Method 1, see Figure 1 This embodiment describes a solid-state water electrolysis hydrogen production SOFC-GT hybrid power system integrating water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery. The system includes: 1. Intake duct, 2. Fan, 3. Compressor, 4. Combustion chamber, 5. High-pressure turbine, 6. Low-pressure turbine, 7. Hydrolysis reactor, 8. Heat exchanger, 9. Separator, 10. Solid oxide fuel cell, 11. Bypass nozzle, 12. Core nozzle, 13. Aviation fuel tank, and 14. Aviation fuel pump. The inlet of the air intake duct 1 is connected to the outside atmosphere, and the outlet of the air intake duct 1 is connected to the inlet of the fan 2. The outlet of the fan 2 is connected to the inlet of the compressor 3 and the inlet of the bypass nozzle 11, respectively. The combustion chamber 4 has three air inlets: an air inlet, a fuel inlet, and an exhaust gas inlet; the air inlet of the combustion chamber 4 is connected to the outlet of the compressor 3; the exhaust gas inlet of the combustion chamber 4 is connected to the solid oxide fuel cell 10; the fuel inlet of the combustion chamber 4 is connected to the aviation kerosene storage tank 13 via the aviation kerosene fuel pump 14. The outlet of the combustion chamber 4 is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure turbine 5; the outlet of the high-pressure turbine 5 is connected to the inlet of the low-pressure turbine 6; the outlet of the low-pressure turbine 6 is connected to the inlet of the core nozzle 12 via the heat exchanger 8. The outlet of the hydrolysis reactor 7 is connected to the inlet of the separator 9, the outlet of the separator 9 is connected to the anode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 10, and the cathode inlet is connected to the outlet of the heat exchanger 8; the outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 10 is connected to the combustion chamber 4. The outlets of both the core nozzle 12 and the bypass nozzle 11 are connected to the atmosphere.

[0021] The system proposed in this embodiment solves the thermodynamic mismatch problem caused by endothermic reaction in online reforming hydrogen production using hydrocarbon fuels such as aviation kerosene by integrating water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery technologies. The multi-stage heat recovery system effectively recovers and utilizes waste heat within the system, thereby improving the overall thermal efficiency. Through the design of the water electrolysis reactor and the function of the separator, carbon buildup during the reforming process can be effectively avoided. This solves the common carbon buildup and clogging problem in traditional hydrogen production systems, thus extending the system's lifespan and improving stability. This system, through the synergistic operation of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and a highly efficient water electrolysis reactor, can provide more efficient hydrogen production. The solid oxide fuel cell has a high energy conversion efficiency, enabling more efficient conversion of hydrogen energy into electrical energy to power the aircraft's onboard electrical equipment. This embodiment, by employing solid water electrolysis for hydrogen production, can effectively reduce carbon emissions and environmental pollution. Solid oxide fuel cells are inherently environmentally friendly, and the water electrolysis process is relatively clean, producing no large amounts of harmful gases. This system combines a gas turbine (GT) and a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), achieving higher energy conversion efficiency through efficient heat recovery and energy conversion. Multi-stage heat recovery systems can effectively recover waste heat at different stages, further improving the overall performance of the system.

[0022] Implementation Method 2: This implementation method further defines the SOFC-GT hybrid power system for solid water electrolysis hydrogen production that integrates water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery as described in Implementation Method 1. The separator 9 is provided with a water vapor recovery port, which is directly connected to the reactant inlet of the water electrolysis reactor 7. It is used to separate the high-temperature water vapor discharged from the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell 10 and transport it to the water electrolysis reactor 7 as a raw material for the water electrolysis reaction.

[0023] This embodiment directly delivers the high-temperature steam emitted from the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) to the hydrolysis reactor 7. The system effectively recovers heat from the exhaust gas and uses it for the hydrolysis reaction. This not only improves the utilization rate of thermal energy but also reduces energy waste, thereby enhancing the overall system energy efficiency. By recovering steam and using it directly as a feedstock for the hydrolysis reaction, the system reduces its dependence on external water sources, making it more self-sufficient and adaptable to varying operating conditions and demands. Furthermore, by recovering and reusing steam, exhaust emissions are reduced, thus lowering the system's environmental pollution level.

[0024] Implementation Method 3: This implementation method further defines the SOFC-GT hybrid power system for solid water electrolysis hydrogen production that integrates water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery as described in Implementation Method 1. The water electrolysis reactor 7, separator 9, and solid oxide fuel cell 10 adopt an inline annular layout and are integrated into the high-pressure main channel between the compressor 3 and the combustion chamber 4.

[0025] In this embodiment, the hydrolysis reactor, separator, and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) are integrated in an inline annular layout within the high-pressure mains channel between the compressor and combustion chamber, effectively reducing the overall system volume and making the design more compact. This layout reduces wasted space between devices and improves the overall compactness and efficiency of the system.

[0026] Implementation Method 4: This implementation method further defines the SOFC-GT hybrid power system for solid water electrolysis hydrogen production that integrates water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery as described in Implementation Method 1. The heat exchanger 8 is used for multi-stage heat recovery. First stage: The air drawn from the compressor 3 is used as a cold source and undergoes a first heat exchange with the high-temperature hydrogen produced by the water electrolysis reactor 7 in the heat exchanger 8. Second stage: The air after the first heat exchange undergoes a second heat exchange with the gas discharged from the low-pressure turbine 6 in the heat exchanger 8, and after being heated, it is input into the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell 10.

[0027] In this embodiment, a two-stage heat exchange system is employed to recover and utilize heat at different stages. The first stage uses air from the compressor to exchange heat with high-temperature hydrogen produced in the hydrolysis reactor, recovering some of the heat from the hot hydrogen. The second stage involves a secondary heat exchange between the air from the first heat exchange and the exhaust gas from the low-pressure turbine, further increasing the air temperature and more effectively providing the necessary heat to the SOFC cathode. In this way, a significant amount of waste heat is recovered and utilized, improving the overall system's thermal efficiency. By using the air drawn from the compressor as a cold source for multi-stage heat recovery, the system reduces its reliance on external energy sources and lowers fuel consumption. This heat recovery scheme allows the system to fully utilize internally generated heat during operation, reducing unnecessary energy waste and effectively lowering the system's energy consumption.

[0028] The air undergoes heat exchange in two stages, gradually increasing in temperature to provide a higher temperature when it enters the SOFC cathode. This high-temperature air helps improve the SOFC's operating efficiency, especially in the cathode reaction, where the higher temperature promotes the smooth progress of the oxygen reduction reaction, thereby improving the fuel cell's energy conversion efficiency and further enhancing the system's overall energy efficiency.

[0029] Implementation Method 5: This implementation method further defines the SOFC-GT hybrid power system for solid water electrolysis hydrogen production that integrates water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery as described in Implementation Method 1. The solid fuel in the water electrolysis reactor 7 is a highly active metal or metal hydride, including aluminum, sodium borohydride, or magnesium hydride.

[0030] Implementation Method Six: This implementation method further defines the SOFC-GT hybrid power system for solid water electrolysis hydrogen production that integrates water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery as described in Implementation Method One. The anode outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell 10 is also provided with an unreacted hydrogen recovery channel, which transports the remaining hydrogen after water vapor separation to the exhaust gas inlet of the combustion chamber 4, where it participates in combustion together with jet fuel.

[0031] By establishing an unreacted hydrogen recovery channel, unreacted hydrogen from the anode outlet of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is recovered and fed into the combustion chamber for co-combustion with jet fuel. This helps avoid hydrogen waste and further improves hydrogen utilization. The co-combustion of hydrogen and jet fuel enhances thermal energy utilization efficiency. By recovering hydrogen and co-combusting it with jet fuel, the heat output of the combustion process is increased, providing more energy to the gas turbine and improving the overall system efficiency. Residual hydrogen after water vapor separation is recovered and fed into the combustion chamber, effectively utilizing the waste heat in the exhaust gas and avoiding thermal energy waste. In the multi-stage heat recovery process, the system can recover heat from waste heat at multiple temperature levels, improving overall energy utilization efficiency.

[0032] Implementation Method Seven: This implementation method further defines the SOFC-GT hybrid power system for solid water electrolysis hydrogen production that integrates water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery as described in Implementation Method One. The water electrolysis reactor 7 adopts an active thermal management structure, including a jacket surrounding the reactor core or a cooling channel penetrating the interior. The air drawn from the compressor 3 flows through this structure to achieve active control of the reactor temperature, while absorbing the heat of reaction to form preheated air.

[0033] This embodiment employs an active thermal management structure, enabling effective temperature control of the hydrolysis reactor. Through a jacket surrounding the reactor core or cooling channels penetrating the interior, the reactor temperature can be precisely controlled, preventing excessively high or low temperatures from adversely affecting the reaction process, thus ensuring the stability and efficiency of the hydrolysis reaction. Air drawn from the compressor flows through the thermal management structure, absorbing the heat of reaction and forming preheated air, which provides preheated air inflow to the reactor, increasing the temperature of the gas inside the reactor. This preheating effect not only optimizes reaction conditions but also effectively saves energy, thereby improving the overall thermal efficiency of the system.

[0034] Furthermore, by employing the heat of reaction for air preheating, the heat generated during the reaction process can be recovered as energy, reducing external energy consumption, contributing to higher energy efficiency, and lowering the overall system energy cost. The system's multi-stage heat recovery mechanism, combined with active thermal management, enables effective heat recovery and utilization across different temperature ranges. The cooling channels, by absorbing heat and gradually cooling the system, avoid heat waste, improve the overall heat recovery effect, and further enhance the system's energy efficiency.

[0035] Implementation Method 8: This implementation method further defines the SOFC-GT hybrid power system for solid water electrolysis hydrogen production that integrates water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery as described in Implementation Method 1. After the exhaust gas from the outlet of the low-pressure turbine 6 is reheated by the heat exchanger 8, a portion of the exhaust gas is recirculated and guided to the inlet of the combustion chamber 4 to participate in the combustion cycle.

[0036] In this embodiment, the exhaust gas from the low-pressure turbine 6 is reheated by the heat exchanger 8, allowing some of the heat to be recovered and used to preheat other fluids or gases. By guiding the exhaust gas back to the inlet of the combustion chamber 4 to participate in the combustion cycle, not only is the thermal energy in the exhaust gas emitted by the turbine fully utilized, but the temperature of the combustion chamber is also increased, thereby enhancing combustion efficiency and heat conversion rate, and improving the overall system energy efficiency. By reusing a portion of the exhaust gas, the direct discharge of exhaust gas into the environment, which wastes its heat, is avoided as is done in traditional systems. The recirculated exhaust gas provides an additional heat source for combustion, reducing dependence on external energy sources, thus achieving effective recovery and utilization of exhaust gas, and further reducing system energy loss.

[0037] After exhaust gas flows back into the combustion chamber to participate in the combustion cycle, it enhances the heat output of the combustion process, providing more stable operating conditions for the gas turbine. Because the gas temperature inside the combustion chamber is higher, it improves turbine efficiency, thereby optimizing the overall system performance. The exhaust gas recirculation design allows for the regulation of the combustion chamber temperature, improving thermal efficiency while preventing excessive temperature fluctuations during combustion. This contributes to improved system stability and reliability, ensuring a more uniform and efficient combustion process.

[0038] Implementation Method Nine: This implementation method further defines the SOFC-GT hybrid power system for solid water electrolysis hydrogen production that integrates water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery as described in Implementation Method One. The air at the outlet of the fan 2 is split into two paths: a first path that enters the bypass nozzle 11 to directly generate thrust, and a second path that enters the compressor 3 for compression and is then split again into a third path that enters the combustion chamber 4 and a fourth path that enters the heat exchanger 8. The amount of air in the fourth path is less than the amount of air in the third path.

[0039] Air from the outlet of fan 2 is split into two streams: the first stream enters the bypass nozzle 11 to directly generate thrust, providing thrust to the system while avoiding the use of all air for the combustion chamber or compressor, thus achieving a reasonable distribution of airflow. The thrust provided by the bypass nozzle effectively improves the system's power performance while ensuring stable and efficient combustion. The second stream of air enters the compressor 3 for compression and is then split again into the third and fourth streams. Since the compressor 3 compresses air during operation, it ensures a sufficient air supply to the combustion chamber 4, maintaining efficient combustion. The splitting design makes the compressor's workload more reasonable, avoiding over-reliance on any one air stream, optimizing the compressor's operating efficiency, and improving the overall thermal efficiency of the system. The third stream of air enters the combustion chamber 4, providing the necessary oxygen supply to ensure smooth combustion reactions within the combustion chamber. Due to the larger flow rate of the third stream, the heat release and energy conversion efficiency during combustion are improved, thereby optimizing the overall performance of the system. The fourth stream of air enters the heat exchanger 8, effectively participating in the heat exchange process. Since the fourth airflow is less than the third airflow, excessive airflow into the heat exchanger can be avoided, which would affect the heat recovery efficiency. This ensures that the airflow is moderate during the heat recovery process, thereby improving the heat exchange effect of the heat exchanger and increasing the system's heat utilization efficiency.

[0040] Implementation Method 10, see below Figure 2 This embodiment describes a specific example of a solid-state water electrolysis hydrogen production SOFC-GT hybrid power system integrating water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery as described in Embodiment 1. It also serves to explain Embodiments 2 through 9. Specifically: like Figure 1As shown, a solid water electrolysis hydrogen production SOFC-GT hybrid power system integrating water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery includes an intake duct 1, a fan 2, a compressor 3, a combustion chamber 4, a high-pressure turbine 5, a low-pressure turbine 6, a water electrolysis reactor 7, a heat exchanger 8, a separator 9, a solid oxide fuel cell 10, a bypass nozzle 11, a core nozzle 12, a jet fuel storage tank 13, and a jet fuel pump 14. like Figure 2 As shown, the hydrolysis reactor 7, separator 9, and solid oxide fuel cell 10 module all adopt an inline annular layout and are integrated into the high-pressure mains channel between the turbofan engine compressor 3 and combustion chamber 4. This compact coaxial annular arrangement achieves a high degree of system integration and optimal space utilization.

[0041] The inlet of intake duct 1 is connected to the outside atmosphere. The inlet of fan 2 is connected to the outlet of intake duct 1. The inlet of compressor 3 and the inlet of bypass nozzle 11 are connected to the outlet of fan 2. Combustion chamber 4 has three air inlets—air inlet, fuel inlet, and exhaust gas inlet. The air inlet is connected to the outlet of compressor 3. The exhaust gas inlet is connected to the outlet of solid oxide fuel cell 10. The inlet of high-pressure turbine 5 is connected to the outlet of combustion chamber 4. The inlet of low-pressure turbine 6 is connected to the outlet of high-pressure turbine 5. The inlet of core nozzle 12 and the outlet of low-pressure turbine 4 are connected after being reheated by heat exchanger 8. The outlet is connected to the atmosphere. The anode inlet of solid oxide fuel cell 10 is connected to the outlet of separator 9. The inlet of separator 9 is connected to the outlet of solid hydrolysis reactor 7. The cathode inlet is connected to the outlet of heat exchanger 8. The outlet of solid oxide fuel cell 10 is connected to combustion chamber 4. The inlet of aviation kerosene pump 14 is connected to the outlet of aviation kerosene storage tank 13. The outlet is connected to the fuel inlet of combustion chamber 4.

[0042] A solid-state water electrolysis hydrogen production SOFC-GT hybrid power system integrating water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery operates as follows: Air is pressurized by fan 2 and then split. A portion of the air expands and accelerates directly through bypass nozzle 11 to generate thrust. Another portion of the core engine airflow is compressed by compressor 3 and split again. Most of this airflow enters the combustion chamber to mix and burn with aviation fuel. The resulting high-temperature gas drives the turbine to do work and is then discharged through core nozzle 12, providing the total thrust of the aircraft together with the bypass airflow. At the same time, another small portion of air drawn from compressor 3 is introduced into the power generation system to cool the high-temperature hydrogen generated by the hydrolysis of solid fuel in solid hydrolysis reactor 7, and to preheat itself in the process. The cooled and purified hydrogen then enters its anode as fuel to generate electricity through an electrochemical reaction, which is then used to power the aircraft's onboard electrical equipment.

[0043] The air at the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell 10 is deeply preheated. The air drawn from the compressor 3 first serves as a cold source and undergoes a first heat exchange with the high-temperature hydrogen produced by the hydrolysis reactor 7 in the heat exchanger 8 to achieve an initial temperature rise. Subsequently, the air with the initial temperature rise does not directly enter the fuel cell, but continues to undergo a second heat exchange using the high-temperature gas exhaust from the core engine turbine, and finally enters the SOFC10 cathode at a higher temperature.

[0044] On the anode side of the solid oxide fuel cell 10, unreacted hydrogen reacts with oxygen ions permeating the electrolyte, and the product includes high-temperature water vapor. This high-temperature water vapor is separated from the anode exhaust gas and directly fed back into the solid hydrolysis reactor 7, where it continues to participate in the hydrogen production reaction of solid fuel hydrolysis as a reactant.

[0045] In combustion chamber 4, the anode exhaust gas from fuel cell 10, the second-pass air from compressor 3, and the high-temperature exhaust gas returning from low-pressure turbine 6 are mixed and combusted. The high-temperature, high-pressure gas produced by combustion sequentially drives high-pressure turbine 5 and low-pressure turbine 6 to perform work, thereby providing the required shaft power for high-pressure compressor 3 and low-pressure compressor 2. The exhaust gas after driving low-pressure turbine 6 is not discharged, but is recirculated and guided to the inlet of combustion chamber 4 to participate in a new combustion cycle.

[0046] The specific embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. Many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention.

Claims

1. A solid-state water electrolysis hydrogen production SOFC-GT hybrid power system integrating water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery, characterized in that, The system includes: Air intake (1), fan (2), compressor (3), combustion chamber (4), high-pressure turbine (5), low-pressure turbine (6), hydrolysis reactor (7), heat exchanger (8), separator (9), solid oxide fuel cell (10), bypass nozzle (11), core nozzle (12), jet fuel tank (13), and jet fuel pump (14). The inlet of the air intake (1) is connected to the outside atmosphere, and the outlet of the air intake (1) is connected to the inlet of the fan (2). The outlet of the fan (2) is connected to the inlet of the compressor (3) and the inlet of the bypass nozzle (11); The combustion chamber (4) has three air inlets, including an air inlet, a fuel inlet, and an exhaust gas inlet; the air inlet of the combustion chamber (4) is connected to the outlet of the compressor (3); the exhaust gas inlet of the combustion chamber (4) is connected to the solid oxide fuel cell (10); the fuel inlet of the combustion chamber (4) is connected to the aviation kerosene storage tank (13) via a aviation kerosene fuel pump (14). The outlet of the combustion chamber (4) is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure turbine (5); the outlet of the high-pressure turbine (5) is connected to the inlet of the low-pressure turbine (6); the outlet of the low-pressure turbine (6) is connected to the inlet of the core nozzle (12) via a heat exchanger (8); The outlet of the hydrolysis reactor (7) is connected to the inlet of the separator (9), the outlet of the separator (9) is connected to the anode inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell (10), the cathode inlet is connected to the outlet of the heat exchanger (8), and the outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell (10) is connected to the combustion chamber (4). The outlets of both the core nozzle (12) and the bypass nozzle (11) are connected to the atmosphere.

2. The SOFC-GT hybrid power system for solid-state water electrolysis hydrogen production integrating water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The separator (9) is provided with a water vapor recovery port, which is directly connected to the reactant inlet of the hydrolysis reactor (7) and is used to separate the high-temperature water vapor discharged from the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell (10) and transport it to the hydrolysis reactor (7) as a raw material for hydrolysis reaction.

3. The SOFC-GT hybrid power system for solid-state water electrolysis hydrogen production based on integrated water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrolysis reactor (7), separator (9) and solid oxide fuel cell (10) adopt an inline annular layout and are integrated into the high-pressure main channel between the compressor (3) and the combustion chamber (4).

4. The SOFC-GT hybrid power system for solid-state water electrolysis hydrogen production integrating water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchanger (8) is used for multi-stage heat recovery; the first stage: the air drawn out by the compressor (3) is used as a cold source and is exchanged with the high-temperature hydrogen produced by the hydrolysis reactor (7) in the heat exchanger (8) for the first time; the second stage: the air after the first heat exchange is exchanged with the gas discharged from the low-pressure turbine (6) in the heat exchanger (8) for the second time, and after being heated, it is input into the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell (10).

5. The SOFC-GT hybrid power system for solid-state water electrolysis hydrogen production integrating water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solid fuel of the hydrolysis reactor (7) is a highly active metal or metal hydride, including aluminum, sodium borohydride or magnesium hydride.

6. The SOFC-GT hybrid power system for solid-state water electrolysis hydrogen production integrating water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anode outlet of the solid oxide fuel cell (10) is also provided with an unreacted hydrogen recovery channel, which transports the remaining hydrogen after the separation of water vapor to the tail gas inlet of the combustion chamber (4) to participate in combustion together with jet fuel.

7. The SOFC-GT hybrid power system for solid-state water electrolysis hydrogen production integrating water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrolysis reactor (7) adopts an active thermal management structure, including a jacket surrounding the reactor core or a cooling channel penetrating the interior. The air drawn out by the compressor (3) flows through this structure to achieve active control of the reactor temperature, while absorbing the heat of reaction to form preheated air.

8. The SOFC-GT hybrid power system for solid-state water electrolysis hydrogen production integrating water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the exhaust gas from the outlet of the low-pressure turbine (6) is reheated by the heat exchanger (8), a portion of the exhaust gas is refluxed and guided to the inlet of the combustion chamber (4) to participate in the combustion cycle.

9. The SOFC-GT hybrid power system for solid-state water electrolysis hydrogen production integrating water circulation and multi-stage heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air at the outlet of the fan (2) is split into a first path that enters the bypass nozzle (11) to directly generate thrust, and a second path that enters the compressor (3) for compression and is then split again into a third path that enters the combustion chamber (4) and a fourth path that enters the heat exchanger (8), wherein the amount of air in the fourth path is less than the amount of air in the third path.

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