Fishway fish passing device based on multi-flow state coupling

Abstract

This invention discloses a fishway fish passage device based on multi-flow coupling, belonging to the field of water conservancy and hydropower technology. The device includes a dam, a slow-flow fishway, and a fast-flow fishway. The slow-flow and fast-flow fishways span the dam, with their upstream ends extending into the reservoir upstream of the dam and their downstream ends extending downstream of the dam. The fishway fish passage device incorporates both slow-flow and fast-flow fishways, fully considering the ecological and fish passage needs of fish species that prefer slow and fast currents, enriching the water flow patterns within the fishways, and improving fish passage efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a fish passage device based on multi-flow coupling, belonging to the field of water conservancy and hydropower technology. Background Technology

[0002] While the construction of hydropower dams has brought considerable economic benefits during the development of hydropower energy, it has also caused significant damage to river ecosystems. Dams traverse river channels, cutting off natural migration routes for fish. Many fish species require seasonal migrations, either to find suitable spawning grounds or food resources. The presence of dams prevents the return flow, migration, and reproduction of fish upstream and downstream of the dam site, severely hindering gene exchange between them. Taking the Chinese sturgeon as an example, as an ancient migratory fish, its population has drastically decreased due to the disruption of its migration routes caused by water conservancy projects such as the Gezhouba Dam. At the same time, some fish species that prefer strong currents cannot survive in reservoir areas due to changes in water flow conditions. Without suitable upstream strong currents, fish lack the necessary water flow stimulation to complete the spawning and reproduction process, directly leading to a shortage or even loss of fish resources. Downstream fish species with return flow habits are also unable to overcome the obstruction of reservoir dams, resulting in damage to their populations and even the extinction of some rare species.

[0003] To alleviate this predicament, fish lifts and fishways are commonly used as ecological protection measures to maintain fish exchange and reproduction between upstream and downstream areas of hydropower station reservoirs. For low-lying hydropower station dams, biomimetic fishways are also gradually becoming important channels for fish exchange. However, currently used fishway designs have significant flaws. Constrained by the engineering design factors of upstream and downstream inlets and outlets, the water flow patterns within the fishways are monotonous, failing to fully consider the ecological needs of fish species that prefer slow-moving or fast-moving currents. This makes it difficult for many fish species to adapt to the water flow environment within the fishways, resulting in poor fish passage efficiency in some fishways. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a fish passage device based on multi-flow coupling.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A fish passage device based on multi-flow coupling includes a dam, a slow-flow fish passage, and a fast-flow fish passage. The slow-flow fish passage and the fast-flow fish passage cross the dam, and the upstream ends of the slow-flow fish passage and the fast-flow fish passage both extend into the reservoir water upstream of the dam, and the downstream ends of the fast-flow fish passage both extend downstream of the dam.

[0007] The slow-flow fishway includes a lower fishway A and an upper fishway A. The upstream end of the lower fishway A extends into the water body upstream of the dam, and the upstream end of the lower fishway A is equipped with a water inlet regulating component. The downstream end of the lower fishway A is closed. The upper fishway A is located on the lower fishway A, and the bottom plate of the upper fishway A has multiple water passage holes that communicate with the lower fishway A. The downstream end of the upper fishway A is equipped with a downstream inlet / outlet for fish that prefer slow-flow, and the upstream end is equipped with an upstream inlet / outlet for fish that prefer slow-flow.

[0008] The lower fish passage A is provided with a fishbone-shaped energy dissipator A, which includes a fish cone-shaped main body and multiple ribs on both sides of the fish cone-shaped main body.

[0009] The ends of the multiple ribs that are away from the fish cone-shaped body are inclined upstream of the river channel relative to the other end, and long ribs and short ribs are alternately arranged in the transverse direction of the lower fishway A.

[0010] The rib plate has multiple energy dissipation holes, and the number of energy dissipation holes on the rib plate gradually decreases from the upstream end to the downstream end of the lower fishway A.

[0011] The upper fishway A is a partition-type eco-friendly fishway, and the downstream end of the upper fishway A is connected to the bottom of the river through two side-by-side partition walls.

[0012] The rapid current fishway and the slow current fishway share one side wall. The rapid current fishway includes a lower fishway B and an upper fishway B. The lower fishway B is located in the water upstream of the dam. The upstream end of the lower fishway B is equipped with a water inlet regulating component, and the downstream end of the lower fishway B is closed. The upper fishway B is located on the lower fishway B, and multiple water passages are opened on the bottom plate of the upper fishway B near the upstream end to connect with the downstream section of the lower fishway B. The downstream end of the upper fishway B is equipped with a downstream inlet and outlet for fish that prefer rapid currents, and the upstream end is equipped with an upstream inlet and outlet for fish that prefer rapid currents.

[0013] The lower fishway B is an eco-friendly fishway. The middle and upper sections of the lower fishway B are equipped with two rows of fishbone-shaped energy dissipators B. The lower section of the lower fishway B has multiple roller-type guide vanes that are staggered and spaced on both sides of the side walls.

[0014] The upper fishway B is a partition-type, eco-friendly fishway.

[0015] The water inflow regulation assembly includes a maintenance gate, a gate, and a trash rack arranged sequentially from downstream to upstream.

[0016] The upstream inlet and outlet of the fish that prefer slow currents are located on the side wall of the upstream end of the upper fishway A, away from the rapid current fishway. An L-shaped water-retaining wall is provided on the upper fishway A at the upstream inlet and outlet of the fish that prefer slow currents, and the U-shaped opening formed by the L-shaped water-retaining wall and the upper fishway A faces the downstream of the river.

[0017] The upstream inlet and outlet of the fish that prefer rapid currents are located on the side wall of the upstream end of the upper fishway B, away from the slow-flowing fishway. An L-shaped water-retaining wall is provided on the upper fishway B at the upstream inlet and outlet of the fish that prefer rapid currents, and the U-shaped opening formed by the L-shaped water-retaining wall and the upper fishway B faces the downstream of the river.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0019] 1. The fish passage device is equipped with both slow-flow and fast-flow fish passages, which fully considers the ecological needs and fish passage requirements of fish species that prefer slow-flow and fast-flow fish, enriches the water flow patterns in the fish passage, and can improve the fish passage effect.

[0020] 2. Because long and short ribs are alternately arranged in the transverse direction of the lower fishway A, the gaps between the ribs and the sidewalls of the lower fishway A are arranged with alternating narrow and wide widths. Combined with the fact that one end of the rib away from the fish cone-shaped body is inclined towards the upstream of the river channel relative to the other end, the energy dissipation effect of the fishbone-shaped energy dissipation body A on the water flow in the lower fishway A can be improved.

[0021] 3. Multiple energy dissipation holes are opened on the rib plate, and the number of energy dissipation holes on the rib plate gradually decreases from the upstream end to the downstream end of the lower fish passage A. This not only improves the flow capacity of the fishbone-shaped energy dissipator A, but also achieves efficient energy dissipation by utilizing the energy dissipation holes.

[0022] 4. The downstream end of the upper fishway A is connected to the bottom of the river through two parallel partition walls, which helps to create a slow-flowing ecological environment at the downstream inlet and outlet of fish that prefer slow-flowing water, thus helping these fish to swim upstream. It also prevents the rapid current flowing down from the downstream inlet and outlet of fish that prefer fast-flowing water in the upper fishway B from disturbing the water at the downstream inlet and outlet of fish that prefer slow-flowing water.

[0023] 5. L-shaped water-retaining walls are installed at the upstream inlet and outlet of fish that prefer slow-flowing water and fish that prefer fast-flowing water. The L-shaped water-retaining walls act as enclosures to prevent water from the upstream reservoir area from directly and rapidly entering the upper fishway A and upper fishway B along the water flow direction. This helps to maintain the stability of the water flow velocity in the upper fishway A and upper fishway B. At the same time, it facilitates the entry and exit of fish at the upstream inlet and outlet of fish that prefer slow-flowing water and fish that prefer fast-flowing water. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a top view schematic diagram of the dam, lower fishway A, and lower fishway B of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the lower fishway B along AA;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of the dam, upper fishway A, and upper fishway B of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Sectional view along BB;

[0028] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Sectional view along CC;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the water inlet volume regulating component of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the trash rack of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the gate structure of the present invention.

[0032] In the diagram: 1-Trash screen, 2-Gate, 3-Maintenance gate, 4-Imitation fishway, 5-L-shaped retaining wall, 6-Lower fishway A, 7-Roller guide vane, 8-Downstream inlet / outlet for fish preferring slow flow, 9-Fishbone-shaped energy dissipator B, 10-Fishbone-shaped energy dissipator A, 100-Fish cone-shaped main body, 101-Rib plate, 11-Upper fishway A, 12-Energy dissipation hole, 14-Gate mounting slot, 15-Trash screen pulley, 16-Trash screen mounting slot, 17-Gate pulley, 18-Dam, 19-Water passage hole, 20-Partition wall, 21-Downstream inlet / outlet for fish preferring fast flow, 22-Lower fishway B, 23-Upper fishway B23. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but the scope of protection is not limited to what is described.

[0034] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the fish passage device based on multi-flow coupling of the present invention includes a dam 18, a slow-flow fish passage, and a fast-flow fish passage. The slow-flow and fast-flow fish passages span the dam 18, and their upstream ends extend into the reservoir water upstream of the dam 18, while their downstream ends extend downstream of the dam 18. The fish passage device incorporates both slow-flow and fast-flow fish passages, fully considering the ecological and passage requirements of fish species that prefer slow and fast currents, enriching the water flow patterns within the fish passages, and improving the fish passage efficiency.

[0035] The slow-flow fishway includes a lower fishway A6 and an upper fishway A11. The upstream end of the lower fishway A6 extends into the water upstream of the dam 18, and a water inlet regulating component is provided at the upstream end of the lower fishway A6. The downstream end of the lower fishway A6 is closed. The upper fishway A11 is located above the lower fishway A6, and multiple water passage holes 19 are provided on the bottom plate of the upper fishway A11 to communicate with the lower fishway A6. The downstream end of the upper fishway A11 has a downstream inlet / outlet 8 for fish that prefer slow-flow, and the upstream end has an upstream inlet / outlet for fish that prefer slow-flow. The water volume entering the slow-flow fishway is regulated by the water inlet regulating component. The water flowing into the lower fishway A6 is dissipated by the bottom plate of the upper fishway A11 before entering the upper fishway A11.

[0036] The lower fishway A6 is equipped with a fishbone-shaped energy dissipator A10, which includes a fish-shaped main body 100 and multiple ribs 101 on both sides of the fish-shaped main body 100. The lower fishway A6 is equipped with fishbone-shaped energy dissipators A10 along its entire length, which dissipate the energy of the water flow entering the lower fishway A6.

[0037] The multiple ribs 101 have one end away from the fish-shaped main body 100 inclined upstream relative to the other end in the river channel, and long ribs 101 and short ribs 101 are alternately arranged in the transverse direction of the lower fishway A6. Because the long ribs 101 and short ribs 101 are alternately arranged in the transverse direction of the lower fishway A6, the gaps between the ribs 101 and the sidewalls of the lower fishway A6 are arranged with alternating narrow and wide widths. Combined with the fact that one end of the rib 101 away from the fish-shaped main body 100 is inclined upstream relative to the other end in the river channel, the energy dissipation effect of the fishbone-shaped energy dissipator A10 on the water flow in the lower fishway A6 can be improved.

[0038] The rib plate 101 has multiple energy dissipation holes 12, and the number of energy dissipation holes 12 on the rib plate 101 gradually decreases from the upstream end to the downstream end of the lower fish passage A6. The presence of multiple energy dissipation holes 12 on the rib plate 101, with the number gradually decreasing from the upstream end to the downstream end of the lower fish passage A6, not only improves the flow capacity of the fishbone-shaped energy dissipator A10, but also achieves efficient energy dissipation using the energy dissipation holes 12.

[0039] The upper fishway A11 is a partition-type, eco-friendly fishway, and its downstream end is connected to the riverbed via two parallel partition walls 20. This connection between the downstream end of the upper fishway A11 and the riverbed creates a slow-flowing ecological environment at the downstream inlet / outlet 8 for fish preferring slow currents, aiding these fish in their upstream migration. It also prevents disturbance to the water at the downstream inlet / outlet 8 for fish preferring slow currents caused by the rapid current flowing down from the downstream inlet / outlet 21 of the upper fishway B23.

[0040] The fast-flow fishway and the slow-flow fishway share one sidewall. The fast-flow fishway includes a lower fishway B22 and an upper fishway B23. The lower fishway B22 is located in the water upstream of the dam 18. The upstream end of the lower fishway B22 is equipped with a water inlet regulating component, and the downstream end of the lower fishway B22 is closed. The upper fishway B23 is located above the lower fishway B22, and its bottom plate has multiple water passage holes 19 near the upstream end, connecting to the downstream section of the lower fishway B22. The downstream end of the upper fishway B23 has a downstream inlet / outlet 21 for fish that prefer fast-flowing water, and the upstream end has an upstream inlet / outlet for fish that prefer fast-flowing water. Sharing one sidewall between the fast-flow and slow-flow fishways helps reduce the construction cost of the fishway passage device; the water volume entering the lower fishway B22 through the water inlet regulating component...

[0041] The lower fishway B22 is an ecological fishway 4. Two rows of fishbone-shaped energy dissipators B9 are provided in the middle and upper sections of the lower fishway B22. Multiple roller-type guide vanes 7 are staggered and spaced on both sides of the lower section of the lower fishway B22.

[0042] The upper fishway B23 is a partition-type, eco-friendly fishway. Two rows of fishbone-shaped energy dissipators B9 and roller-type guide vanes 7 dissipate energy from the water flow entering the lower fishway B22.

[0043] The water inflow regulation assembly includes a maintenance gate 3, a gate 2, and a debris rack 1 arranged sequentially from downstream to upstream. Gate mounting slots 14 are provided at the upstream ends of the side walls of the lower fishway A6 and the side walls of the lower fishway B22, corresponding to the maintenance gates 3 and 2, respectively. Debris rack mounting slots 16 are provided at the positions corresponding to the debris rack 1. The maintenance gates 3 and 2 are slidably connected to the gate mounting slots 14, and gate pulleys 17 are rotatably installed on both sides of the fishway. The debris rack 1 is slidably connected to the debris rack mounting slots 16, and debris rack pulleys 15 are rotatably installed on both sides of the fishway.

[0044] The trash rack 1 effectively intercepts floating debris in the reservoir upstream of dam 18, preventing large floating objects from entering the fish passage device and affecting fish passage. Gate 2 regulates the water flow into the lower fish passage B22, while gate 3 is used for maintenance of the fast-flowing or slow-flowing fish passages, creating conditions for comprehensive maintenance. Gate 2 and gate 3 have complementary backup functions, greatly improving the flexibility of gate operation and maintenance management.

[0045] The upstream inlet and outlet of the slow-flow fish are located on the side wall of the upper fishway A11 away from the fast-flow fishway. An L-shaped water-retaining wall 5 is provided on the upper fishway A11 at the upstream inlet and outlet of the slow-flow fish, and the U-shaped opening formed by the L-shaped water-retaining wall 5 and the upper fishway A11 faces the downstream of the river.

[0046] The upstream inlet and outlet for fish preferring rapid currents are located on the side wall of the upper fishway B23, away from the slow-flowing fishway. An L-shaped retaining wall 5 is installed on the upper fishway B23 at the upstream inlet and outlet for fish preferring rapid currents, and the U-shaped opening formed by the L-shaped retaining wall 5 and the upper fishway B23 faces downstream. The L-shaped retaining walls 5, installed at both the upstream inlet and outlet for fish preferring slow currents and rapid currents, serve to prevent water from the upstream reservoir area of ​​the dam 18 from directly and rapidly entering the upper fishways A11 and B23 along the current direction. This helps maintain stable water flow velocity within the upper fishways A11 and B23, while also facilitating the entry and exit of fish at both upstream inlets and outlets for fish preferring slow currents and rapid currents.

[0047] The working principle or operation process of the fish passage device based on multi-flow coupling described in this invention is as follows:

[0048] 1. For the slow-flowing fishway, gate 2 and maintenance gate 3 are opened to regulate the amount of water entering the lower fishway A6 from the upstream reservoir of dam 18. The water entering the lower fishway A6 first dissipates energy through the fishbone-shaped energy dissipator A10 and its energy dissipation holes 12, then through the bottom plate of the upper fishway A11, and then through multiple water passage holes 19 on the bottom plate of the upper fishway A11 into the upper fishway A11. Finally, it dissipates energy through multiple baffles in the upper fishway A11 to form a slow flow, providing an ideal channel for the upstream and downstream migration of fish that prefer slow flow.

[0049] Downstream of Dam 18, slow-flowing fish enter the upper fishway A11 through the downstream inlet / outlet 8 for slow-flowing fish, then swim upstream along the upper fishway A11, and finally enter the upstream reservoir water of Dam 18 through the upstream inlet / outlet for slow-flowing fish, thus achieving upstream migration.

[0050] Second, for the rapid current fishway, gate 2 and maintenance gate 3 are opened to regulate the amount of water entering the lower fishway B22 from the upstream reservoir of dam 18. The water entering the lower fishway B22 first passes through two rows of fishbone-shaped energy dissipators B9 and roller guide vanes 7 for energy dissipation, then passes through the bottom plate of the upper fishway B23 for energy dissipation, and then enters the upstream section of the upper fishway B23 through multiple water passages 19 on the bottom plate of the upper fishway B23. Finally, it passes through multiple baffles in the upper fishway B23 for energy dissipation, forming turbulence, providing an ideal channel for the upstream and downstream migration of fish that prefer rapid currents.

[0051] Downstream of dam 18, fast-flowing fish enter the upper fishway B23 through the downstream inlet / outlet 21 for fast-flowing fish, then swim upstream along the upper fishway B23, and finally enter the upstream reservoir water of dam 18 through the upstream inlet / outlet for fast-flowing fish, thus achieving upstream migration.

Claims

1. A fishway fish passing device based on multi-flow state coupling, characterized in that: It includes a dam (18), a slow-flow fishway and a fast-flow fishway, the slow-flow fishway and the fast-flow fishway cross the dam (18), and the upstream ends of the slow-flow fishway and the fast-flow fishway extend into the reservoir water body upstream of the dam (18), and the downstream ends extend into the downstream of the dam (18). The slow-flow fishway includes a lower fishway A (6) and an upper fishway A (11). The upstream end of the lower fishway A (6) extends into the water body upstream of the dam (18), and the upstream end of the lower fishway A (6) is equipped with a water inlet regulating component. The downstream end of the lower fishway A (6) is closed. The upper fishway A (11) is located on the lower fishway A (6), and the bottom plate of the upper fishway A (11) is provided with multiple water passage holes (19) that communicate with the lower fishway A (6). The downstream end of the upper fishway A (11) is provided with a downstream inlet / outlet (8) for fish that prefer slow-flow, and the upstream end is provided with an upstream inlet / outlet for fish that prefer slow-flow. The rapid current fishway and the slow current fishway share one side wall. The rapid current fishway includes a lower fishway B (22) and an upper fishway B (23). The lower fishway B (22) is located in the water body upstream of the dam (18). The upstream end of the lower fishway B (22) is equipped with a water inlet regulating component, and the downstream end of the lower fishway B (22) is closed. The upper fishway B (23) is located on the lower fishway B (22), and multiple water passage holes (19) are opened on the bottom plate of the upper fishway B (23) near the upstream end to connect with the downstream section of the lower fishway B (22). The downstream end of the upper fishway B (23) is equipped with a downstream inlet and outlet (21) for fish that prefer rapid currents, and the upstream end is equipped with an upstream inlet and outlet for fish that prefer rapid currents.

2. The fish passage device based on multi-flow coupling as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The lower fish passage A (6) is provided with a fishbone-shaped energy dissipator A (10), which includes a fish cone-shaped main body (100) and multiple ribs (101) on both sides of the fish cone-shaped main body (100).

3. The fish passage device based on multi-flow coupling as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The multiple ribs (101) are inclined upstream of the river channel from one end away from the fish cone-shaped body (100) and the long ribs (101) and short ribs (101) are arranged alternately in the transverse direction of the lower fishway A (6).

4. The fish passage device based on multi-flow coupling as described in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The rib (101) is provided with a plurality of energy dissipation holes (12), and the number of energy dissipation holes (12) on the rib (101) gradually decreases from the upstream end to the downstream end of the lower fish passage A (6).

5. The fish passage device based on multi-flow coupling as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The upper fishway A (11) is a partition-type imitation ecological fishway, and the downstream end of the upper fishway A (11) is connected to the bottom of the river through two parallel partition walls (20).

6. The fish passage device based on multi-flow coupling as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The lower fishway B (22) is an imitation ecological fishway (4). Two rows of fishbone-shaped energy dissipators B (9) are provided in the middle and upper sections of the lower fishway B (22). Multiple roller-type guide vanes (7) are staggered and spaced on both sides of the lower section of the lower fishway B (22). The upper fishway B (23) is a partition-type eco-friendly fishway.

7. The fish passage device based on multi-flow coupling as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The water inflow regulation assembly includes a maintenance gate (3), a gate (2), and a trash rack (1) arranged sequentially from downstream to upstream.

8. The fish passage device based on multi-flow coupling as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The upstream inlet and outlet of the fish that prefer slow flow are located on the side wall of the upper fishway A (11) away from the rapid flow fishway. An L-shaped water-retaining wall (5) is provided on the upper fishway A (11) at the upstream inlet and outlet of the fish that prefer slow flow, and the U-shaped opening formed by the L-shaped water-retaining wall (5) and the upper fishway A (11) faces the downstream of the river. The upstream inlet and outlet of the fast-flowing fish are located on the side wall of the upper fishway B (23) away from the slow-flowing fishway. An L-shaped water-retaining wall (5) is provided on the upper fishway B (23) at the upstream inlet and outlet of the fast-flowing fish, and the U-shaped opening formed by the L-shaped water-retaining wall (5) and the upper fishway B (23) faces the downstream of the river.

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