Method and system for waterproofing soft rock tunnel

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of soft rock tunnel waterproof method and system, it is related to soft rock tunnel waterproof technical field, by setting data acquisition device, terminal, waterproof mechanism and supporting structure, data acquisition device is used to collect the hydrogeological data of soft rock tunnel, terminal is connected with data acquisition device communication, terminal is used to obtain the hydrogeological model of soft rock tunnel according to hydrogeological data, and obtain the waterproof area of soft rock tunnel, waterproof mechanism is installed in waterproof area, supporting structure is applied to the inside of waterproof mechanism, to support soft rock tunnel, the application is set by setting waterproof mechanism, waterproof support is carried out to soft rock tunnel using the waterproof mechanism set, the waterproof area of soft rock tunnel can be supported using the waterproof mechanism set, while in the supporting process, the deformation stress generated when the waterproof area of soft rock tunnel is deformed can be released using the waterproof mechanism set, the stability of the structure of soft rock tunnel is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waterproofing technology for soft rock tunnels, and particularly to a waterproofing method and system for soft rock tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] In soft rock tunnel construction, waterproofing has always been a crucial factor affecting project quality and safe operation. Traditional waterproofing methods mainly rely on the laying of a single waterproof layer or grouting seal, and often use rigid materials. However, soft rock tunnels are prone to deformation due to the soft rock deformation in the surrounding area, making the tunnel support structure susceptible to significant deformation stress. Traditional waterproof layers or grouting seals, being integral to the rigid support structure, mean that when the geological formation of the soft rock tunnel deforms or is damaged, the structural safety and stability of the tunnel are compromised. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main objective of this invention is to propose a waterproofing method and system for soft rock tunnels. This aims to solve the problem that, due to the deformation of the soft rock in the area, the tunnel support structure is prone to large deformation stress. Traditional waterproofing layers or grouting seals are formed together with the tunnel support structure to form a rigid support structure. This makes it difficult for the structural safety and stability of the soft rock tunnel to be affected when the geological body of the soft rock tunnel deforms or is damaged.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a waterproofing system for soft rock tunnels, comprising:

[0005] Data acquisition device, the data acquisition device being used to acquire hydrogeological data of the soft rock tunnel;

[0006] The terminal is communicatively connected to the data acquisition device. The terminal is used to acquire the hydrogeological model of the soft rock tunnel based on the hydrogeological data, and to acquire the waterproof area of ​​the soft rock tunnel.

[0007] A waterproofing mechanism, wherein the waterproofing mechanism is installed in the waterproof area; and,

[0008] A support structure is provided on the inside of the waterproofing mechanism to support the soft rock tunnel.

[0009] In one embodiment, the waterproofing mechanism includes:

[0010] Multiple anchors are distributed circumferentially around the outer periphery of the waterproof area, and each anchor is anchored to the geological body at the location of the waterproof area.

[0011] A flexible protective component is attached to the outer periphery of the waterproof area and connected to all the anchors, and the flexible protective component can be extended or shortened relative to the anchors.

[0012] A drainage assembly, wherein the drainage assembly is installed on the side of the flexible protective assembly away from the geological body of the waterproof area, and the drainage assembly is connected to the drainage ditch via a pipe; and,

[0013] A pressure-relief support assembly is installed on the side of the drainage assembly away from the flexible protection assembly, and the other end of the pressure-relief support assembly is supported on the support structure of the soft rock tunnel, and a waterproof layer is formed on the end of the pressure-relief support assembly supported on the support structure.

[0014] The pressure relief support assembly can retract towards the support structure and perform pressure relief operation when the flexible protection assembly pushes the drainage assembly towards the support structure.

[0015] In one embodiment, the flexible protective component includes:

[0016] A flexible steel mesh, said flexible steel mesh being attached to the surface of the waterproof area, and said flexible steel mesh being connected to all said anchors; and,

[0017] A semi-permeable membrane is provided, which covers the outer periphery of the flexible steel mesh, and groundwater seeping from the waterproof area can penetrate through the semi-permeable membrane to the side of the flexible steel mesh away from the waterproof area.

[0018] In one embodiment, the aperture of the flexible steel mesh is A; wherein, 1 mesh ≤ A ≤ 5 mesh.

[0019] In one embodiment, the drainage assembly includes:

[0020] A water collection cover, wherein the water collection cover is installed on the side of the flexible steel mesh away from the waterproof area, and a water collection trough is formed at the bottom of the water collection cover, the water collection trough is inclined, and a drainage hole is formed at the bottom end of the water collection trough; and,

[0021] A flexible connecting pipe connects the drainage hole to the drainage ditch.

[0022] In one embodiment, the drainage assembly further includes a plurality of support frames, which are spaced apart on the bottom wall of the water collection sump, and all of the support frames abut against the flexible steel mesh.

[0023] In one embodiment, the pressure relief support assembly includes:

[0024] Mounting base, which can be connected to the support frame within the support structure;

[0025] A waterproof membrane, said waterproof membrane being mounted on the side of the mounting base facing the flexible protective assembly; and,

[0026] A pressure relief support is provided, which is connected to the mounting base and is disposed between the support base and the flexible protective component.

[0027] In one embodiment, the surface area of ​​the side of the mounting base connected to the support frame is greater than the surface area of ​​the waterproof area.

[0028] In one embodiment, the pressure relief support is made of steel plate and is arranged in the shape of a hollow ellipsoid or a hollow sphere.

[0029] Based on the same technical concept, in a second aspect, the present invention also proposes a method for waterproofing soft rock tunnels, applying the soft rock tunnel waterproofing system described in the first aspect, wherein the method for waterproofing soft rock tunnels includes the following steps:

[0030] Collect hydrogeological data of the soft rock tunnel; wherein, the hydrogeological data includes geological data of the soft rock tunnel, average deformation data, and hydrological data;

[0031] Based on the hydrogeological data, a hydrogeological model of the soft rock tunnel is obtained; wherein, the hydrogeological model includes a cloud map of the seepage distribution and a cloud map of the average deformation of the soft rock tunnel.

[0032] The waterproof zone of the soft rock tunnel is determined based on the hydrogeological model.

[0033] Waterproofing mechanisms are installed sequentially in each of the waterproof areas; wherein the waterproofing mechanisms are connected to drainage ditches formed in the invert area of ​​the soft rock tunnel.

[0034] A support structure is constructed inside the waterproofing mechanism to complete the waterproofing construction of the soft rock tunnel.

[0035] In use, the technical solution of this invention involves setting up a data acquisition device, a terminal, a waterproofing mechanism, and a support structure. The data acquisition device is used to collect hydrogeological data of the soft rock tunnel. The terminal is connected to the data acquisition device and is used to obtain a hydrogeological model of the soft rock tunnel based on the hydrogeological data, as well as to identify the waterproof area of ​​the soft rock tunnel. The waterproofing mechanism is installed in the waterproof area, and the support structure is constructed inside the waterproofing mechanism to support the soft rock tunnel. By setting up the waterproofing mechanism, this invention provides waterproof support for the soft rock tunnel, thereby enabling the waterproofing mechanism to support the waterproof area of ​​the soft rock tunnel. Simultaneously, during the support process, the waterproofing mechanism can release the deformation stress generated by the deformation of the waterproof area of ​​the soft rock tunnel, thus ensuring that the structural safety of the soft rock tunnel is not affected and improving the structural stability of the soft rock tunnel. Attached Figure Description

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the waterproofing system for soft rock tunnels provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the waterproofing mechanism as an example of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the waterproofing mechanism as an example of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a waterproofing method for soft rock tunnels, as exemplified by the present invention.

[0041] Reference numerals: 100, data acquisition device; 200, terminal; 300, waterproof mechanism; 400, waterproof area; 310, anchor; 320, flexible protective component; 330, drainage component; 340, pressure relief support component; 321, flexible steel mesh; 322, semi-permeable membrane; 331, water collection cover; 332, water collection trough; 333, drainage hole; 334, flexible connecting pipe; 335, support; 341, mounting base; 342, waterproof membrane; 343, pressure relief support component.

[0042] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0045] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the use of "and / or" or "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. For example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0046] This invention proposes a waterproofing method and system for soft rock tunnels.

[0047] Please see Figures 1 to 4 For ease of understanding, this soft rock tunnel waterproofing system includes a data acquisition device 100, a terminal 200, a waterproofing mechanism 300, and a support structure. The data acquisition device 100 is used to collect hydrogeological data of the soft rock tunnel. The terminal 200 is communicatively connected to the data acquisition device. The terminal 200 is used to obtain a hydrogeological model of the soft rock tunnel based on the hydrogeological data, and to obtain a waterproof area 400 of the soft rock tunnel. The waterproofing mechanism 300 is installed in the waterproof area 400, and the support structure is constructed on the inner side of the waterproofing mechanism 300 to support the soft rock tunnel.

[0048] Soft rock tunnels are often subject to significant deformation due to the high deformation properties of the soft rock in their environment, leading to substantial deformation of the surrounding rock mass during excavation and use. The soft rock tunnel waterproofing system of this application collects hydrogeological data of the soft rock tunnel using a data acquisition device 100. This hydrogeological data includes, but is not limited to, parameters such as groundwater level, water pressure, rock permeability, soft rock type, and its distribution. The data acquisition device 100 may include various sensors, such as water level sensors, pressure sensors, and permeability testing devices. In the example, the sensors are distributed at different locations within the soft rock tunnel to comprehensively collect the hydrogeological conditions surrounding the tunnel.

[0049] Terminal 200 communicates with data acquisition device 100 via wired or wireless means, receiving hydrogeological data collected by data acquisition device 100. Terminal 200 can be a computer, dedicated analysis equipment, or other device with data processing capabilities. Based on the received hydrogeological data, terminal 200 establishes a hydrogeological model of the soft rock tunnel using built-in analysis algorithms and models. This model can reflect the permeability characteristics of the rock mass surrounding the soft rock tunnel, the distribution of groundwater, and possible seepage paths. Based on this hydrogeological model, terminal 200 can identify and determine the waterproof zone 400 of the soft rock tunnel, i.e., the area requiring special waterproofing treatment. The waterproof zone 400 is typically an area with high groundwater pressure, high rock permeability, or obvious fissures.

[0050] In this embodiment, a data acquisition device 100, a terminal 200, a waterproofing mechanism 300, and a support structure are provided. The data acquisition device 100 is used to collect hydrogeological data of the soft rock tunnel. The terminal 200 is communicatively connected to the data acquisition device and is used to obtain a hydrogeological model of the soft rock tunnel based on the hydrogeological data, and to obtain the waterproof area 400 of the soft rock tunnel. The waterproofing mechanism 300 is installed in the waterproof area 400, and the support structure is constructed on the inner side of the waterproofing mechanism 300 to support the soft rock tunnel. By setting up the waterproofing mechanism 300, the present invention provides waterproof support for the soft rock tunnel, thereby enabling the present invention to support the waterproof area 400 of the soft rock tunnel using the waterproofing mechanism 300. At the same time, during the support process, the waterproofing mechanism 300 can release the deformation stress generated by the deformation of the waterproof area 400 of the soft rock tunnel, thereby ensuring that the structural safety of the soft rock tunnel is not affected and improving the structural stability of the soft rock tunnel.

[0051] In one embodiment, the waterproofing mechanism 300 includes a flexible protective component 320, a drainage component 330, a pressure-relief support component 340, and multiple anchors 310. The multiple anchors 310 are circumferentially spaced around the outer periphery of the waterproof area 400, and each anchor 310 is anchored to the geological mass at the location of the waterproof area 400. The flexible protective component 320 is attached to the outer periphery of the waterproof area 400 and connected to all the anchors 310. The flexible protective component 320 is capable of elongation or shortening relative to the anchors 310. The drainage component 330 is installed on the flexible protective component 320. The drainage component 330 is connected to the drainage ditch via a pipe on the side of the geological body away from the waterproof area 400. The pressure relief support component 340 is installed on the side of the drainage component 330 away from the flexible protection component 320, and the other end of the pressure relief support component 340 is supported on the support structure of the soft rock tunnel. A waterproof layer is formed on the end of the pressure relief support component 340 supported on the support structure. When the flexible protection component 320 pushes the drainage component 330 toward the support structure, the pressure relief support component 340 can retract toward the support structure and perform pressure relief operation.

[0052] Specifically, the waterproofing mechanism 300 includes a flexible protective component 320, a drainage component 330, a pressure-relief support component 340, and multiple anchors 310. The multiple anchors 310 are circumferentially spaced around the outer periphery of the waterproof area 400 to ensure uniform distribution of anchoring force and improve overall stability. Each anchor 310 is anchored to the geological mass at the location of the waterproof area 400, providing a secure fixing point by penetrating deep into the geological mass. The anchors 310 can be anchor bolts, anchor cables, or other suitable anchoring devices, with their length and diameter designed according to geological conditions and load requirements. The number and spacing of the anchors 310 are determined based on the area of ​​the waterproof area 400 and geological conditions, typically with a spacing of 0.8 meters to 1.5 meters to ensure sufficient support.

[0053] The flexible protective component 320 is attached to the outer periphery of the waterproof area 400, directly contacting the surface of the weak surrounding rock geological body to form the first layer of protection. The flexible protective component 320 is made of high-strength and ductile materials, such as high-density polyethylene mesh, flexible steel mesh 321, or other mesh structures with good ductility and waterproof performance. The flexible protective component 320 is connected to all anchors 310, which fix it to the surface of the geological body, ensuring that the waterproof membrane will not detach under the deformation of soft rock and water pressure. An important characteristic of the flexible protective component 320 is its ability to stretch or shrink relative to the surrounding rock; when the geological body deforms, the flexible protective component 320 can deform accordingly without breaking or losing its waterproof function.

[0054] The drainage component 330 is installed on the side of the flexible protective component 320 away from the geological body in the waterproof area 400, specifically between the flexible protective component 320 and the pressure-relief support component 340. The drainage component 330 is made of permeable material, such as non-woven fabric, gravel layer, or drainage board, and is capable of collecting water that has permeated through the flexible protective component 320. The drainage component 330 is connected to a drainage ditch via pipes, forming a complete drainage system. The drainage ditch is located at the bottom of the tunnel to collect and drain seepage water.

[0055] The pressure-relief support assembly 340 is installed on the side of the drainage assembly 330 facing away from the flexible protective assembly 320. One end of the assembly contacts the drainage assembly 330, and the other end supports the support structure of the soft rock tunnel. A waterproof layer is formed at the end of the pressure-relief support assembly 340 that supports the support structure. This waterproof layer acts as a waterproof barrier, further improving the overall waterproofing effect. The pressure-relief support assembly 340 is made of a compressible material, such as foamed concrete, compressible polymer materials, or other materials with a certain degree of elasticity. The key function of the pressure-relief support assembly 340 is to retract towards the support structure and perform pressure relief operations when the flexible protective assembly 320 pushes the drainage assembly 330 towards the support structure.

[0056] When soft rock deforms and squeezes into the tunnel, it first pushes the flexible protective component 320. Due to its elastic properties, the flexible protective component 320 deforms but remains intact. The deformed flexible protective component 320 pushes the drainage component 330 towards the support structure, and the drainage component 330 transmits this movement to the pressure-relief support component 340. Under pressure, the pressure-relief support component 340 can retract and perform pressure relief operations, that is, reduce its own volume, release pressure, and prevent the pressure from being directly transmitted to the support structure.

[0057] The entire waterproofing system operates as follows: First, anchors 310 are fixed within the geological mass, providing support for the entire system. Then, flexible protective components 320 are attached to the outer periphery of the waterproof area 400 to collect and discharge groundwater from the geological mass, forming a protective barrier. Drainage components 330 are located outside the flexible protective components 320, collecting and draining seepage water. Pressure-bearing components 340 are located on the outermost side, with one end in contact with the drainage components 330 and the other end supported by the support structure, forming a waterproof barrier. When the soft rock deforms, the entire system works collaboratively: the flexible protective components 320 deform without breaking, the drainage components 330 maintain their drainage function, and the pressure-bearing components 340 release pressure by retracting, reducing the impact on the support structure.

[0058] More specifically, the drainage assembly 330 includes a drainage plate and a collection pipe. The drainage plate has a honeycomb structure, providing water flow channels and guiding the collected water to a drainage ditch.

[0059] In one embodiment, the flexible protective component includes a flexible steel mesh 321 and a semi-permeable membrane 322. The flexible steel mesh 321 is attached to the surface of the waterproof area 400 and is connected to all the anchors 310. The semi-permeable membrane 322 covers the outer periphery of the flexible steel mesh 321, and groundwater seeping from the waterproof area 400 can seep through the semi-permeable membrane 322 into the side of the flexible steel mesh 321 away from the waterproof area 400.

[0060] Specifically, the flexible protective component 320 includes a flexible steel mesh 321 and a semi-permeable membrane 322. The flexible steel mesh 321 is attached to the surface of the waterproof area 400, directly contacting the geological mass to form the first layer of protective barrier. The flexible steel mesh 321 is woven from high-strength steel wire, possessing good tensile strength and a certain degree of elastic deformation capability. The mesh size of the flexible steel mesh 321 is typically 1 to 5 meshes, providing sufficient strength support while allowing for appropriate deformation. The flexible steel mesh 321 is connected to all anchors 310, which fix it to the surface of the geological mass. The connection method can be welding, bolting, or using special connectors, ensuring a strong connection between the flexible steel mesh 321 and the anchors 310. The anchors 310 are evenly distributed circumferentially around the outer perimeter of the waterproof area 400, typically spaced 0.8 to 1.5 meters apart, penetrating 20 to 50 centimeters into the geological mass, providing stable support points.

[0061] A semi-permeable membrane 322 covers the outer periphery of the flexible steel mesh 321, encompassing the entire surface of the flexible steel mesh 321. The semi-permeable membrane 322 is a special material with unidirectional permeability, allowing water to pass through from one side while preventing water from seeping in from the other side, thus preventing groundwater loss. In this embodiment, the permeability direction of the semi-permeable membrane 322 is outward from the waterproof area 400, meaning that groundwater seeping from the waterproof area 400 can permeate through the semi-permeable membrane 322 into the side of the flexible steel mesh 321 opposite to the waterproof area 400. The semi-permeable membrane 322 is typically made of polypropylene, polyethylene, or other polymer materials, with a thickness of 0.5 mm to 2 mm, possessing sufficient strength and durability. The semi-permeable membrane 322 and the flexible steel mesh 321 are fixed together using a special adhesive or physical method to ensure a tight fit.

[0062] The flexible protective component 320 works as follows: When groundwater seeps from the geological structure of the waterproof area 400, it first comes into contact with the semi-permeable membrane 322. The semi-permeable membrane 322 allows water to pass through but prevents solid particles such as silt from passing through, thus acting as a filter. After passing through the semi-permeable membrane 322, the water enters the flexible steel mesh 321 on the side opposite to the waterproof area 400, and is then collected and discharged by the drainage component 330. This effectively prevents silt from clogging the drainage system and extends the service life of the drainage system.

[0063] Meanwhile, the flexible steel mesh 321 provides structural support, preventing local collapse of the geological body under water pressure. Even in the case of soft rock deformation, the flexible steel mesh 321 can deform accordingly without losing its supporting function. The elastic deformation capacity of the flexible steel mesh 321 is achieved through the elasticity of the steel wires and the mesh structure. When subjected to pressure, the mesh can deform appropriately to release some stress while still maintaining overall stability.

[0064] Traditional waterproof membranes typically completely block water from passing through, leading to water pressure buildup and increasing the burden on the waterproofing system. In contrast, the semi-permeable membrane 322 allows water to drain in an orderly manner, reducing water pressure buildup and lowering the load on the waterproofing system.

[0065] It should be specifically and clearly stated that the flexible steel mesh 321 can be made of stainless steel to improve corrosion resistance. A buffer material, such as non-woven fabric or foam pad, can be added between the flexible steel mesh 321 and the semi-permeable membrane 322 to improve the fit between the two, reduce local stress concentration, and further improve the adaptability and durability of the system.

[0066] In one embodiment, the aperture of the flexible steel mesh 321 is A; wherein, 1 mesh ≤ A ≤ 5 mesh.

[0067] In this embodiment, by setting the aperture of the flexible steel mesh 321 to 1 to 5 mesh, the present invention can achieve the function of blocking mud, sand and gravel in the geological body by limiting the aperture when it is used.

[0068] In one embodiment, the drainage component 330 includes a water collection cover 331 and a flexible connecting pipe 334. The water collection cover 331 is installed on the side of the flexible steel mesh 321 away from the waterproof area 400, and a water collection trough 332 is formed at the bottom of the water collection cover 331. The water collection trough 332 is inclined, and a drain hole 333 is formed at the bottom end of the water collection trough 332. The flexible connecting pipe 334 connects the drain hole 333 to the drainage ditch.

[0069] Specifically, the drainage assembly 330 includes a water collection hood 331 and a flexible connecting pipe 334. The water collection hood 331 is installed on the side of the flexible steel mesh 321 facing away from the waterproof area 400, i.e., between the flexible steel mesh 321 and the pressure relief support assembly 340. The water collection hood 331 is made of waterproof material, typically high-density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, or other water-resistant materials, with a thickness of 2 mm to 5 mm, possessing sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand a certain amount of pressure while maintaining its shape. The size of the water collection hood 331 is determined according to the size of the waterproof area 400, and it typically covers the entire surface of the flexible steel mesh 321 to ensure that all infiltrated water can be collected.

[0070] The bottom of the water collection hood 331 has a water collection trough 332, which is a recessed structure inside the water collection hood 331 used to collect water that permeates through the semi-permeable membrane 322 and the flexible steel mesh 321. The water collection trough 332 is inclined, with an inclination angle typically between 3 and 5 degrees. The inclination angle is sufficient to allow water to flow to the lower end under gravity, but not so large as to affect the stability of the water collection hood 331. The depth of the water collection trough 332 is typically between 3 and 5 centimeters, and the width is determined according to the size of the water collection hood 331, sufficient to accommodate normal seepage and prevent overflow. A drain hole 333 is formed at the bottom of the water collection trough 332. The diameter of the drain hole 333 is typically between 2 and 3 centimeters, large enough to ensure smooth drainage, but not so large as to reduce structural strength.

[0071] The flexible connecting pipe 334 connects the drain hole 333 to the drainage ditch, forming a complete drainage path. The flexible connecting pipe 334 is made of a flexible material, such as rubber, soft plastic, or other materials with good elasticity. The inner diameter of the flexible connecting pipe 334 matches the diameter of the drain hole 333, while its outer diameter is slightly larger to ensure a tight connection. The length of the flexible connecting pipe 334 is determined based on the distance from the drain hole 333 to the drainage ditch, typically ranging from 5 meters to 20 meters. The flexibility of the flexible connecting pipe 334 is its key feature; it can bend and deform when soft rock deforms without becoming blocked or breaking, maintaining its drainage function.

[0072] It should be specifically and clearly stated that the water collection hood 331 can adopt a modular design, consisting of multiple small water collection hood 331 units, with adjacent units connected by flexible connecting strips. The water collection tank 332 can be equipped with multiple partitions to divide it into multiple small areas, each area having an independent drainage hole 333 and a flexible connecting pipe 334.

[0073] In one embodiment, the drainage assembly 330 further includes a plurality of support frames 335, which are spaced apart on the bottom wall of the water collection cover 331, and all of the support frames 335 abut against the flexible steel mesh 321.

[0074] Specifically, support frames 335 are spaced apart on the bottom wall of the water collection hood 331, forming a uniform array of support points. The support frames 335 are typically made of corrosion-resistant, high-strength materials, such as stainless steel or engineering plastics. Each support frame 335 is 2 to 3 cm high and 1 to 2 cm in diameter, with a rounded top to reduce localized stress concentration with the flexible steel mesh 321. The spacing of the support frames 335 is determined based on the area of ​​the water collection hood 331 and the expected pressure, typically ranging from 30 to 50 cm. The support frames 335 are fixed to the bottom wall of the water collection hood 331 using welding, bolting, or integral molding to ensure a secure and reliable connection. The tops of the support frames 335 abut against the flexible steel mesh 321, providing upward support.

[0075] It should be specifically and clearly stated that the support frame 335 can be made of compressible materials, such as high-strength foam or honeycomb structure materials. Micro-ball bearings can be installed on the top of the support frame 335, allowing the flexible steel mesh 321 to slide slightly in the horizontal direction.

[0076] In one embodiment, the pressure relief support assembly 340 includes a mounting base 341, a waterproof membrane 342, and a pressure relief support member 343. The mounting base 341 can be connected to the support frame within the support structure. The waterproof membrane 342 is installed on the side of the mounting base 341 facing the flexible protective assembly. The pressure relief support member 343 is connected to the mounting base 341 and is disposed between the support base and the flexible protective assembly.

[0077] Specifically, the pressure relief support assembly 340 includes a mounting base 341, a waterproof membrane 342, and a pressure relief support member 343. The mounting base 341 can connect to the support frame within the support structure, forming a fixed connection point with the support structure. The mounting base 341 is typically made of a metal material, such as steel or aluminum alloy, possessing sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand pressure from the geological mass. The shape of the mounting base 341 can be annular, polygonal, or other shapes suitable for connection with the support frame; its dimensions are determined based on the tunnel diameter and the arrangement of the support frame. The connection method between the mounting base 341 and the support frame can be welding, bolting, or snap-fitting, ensuring a firm and reliable connection.

[0078] A waterproof membrane 342 is installed on the side of the mounting base 341 facing the flexible protective component, specifically between the mounting base 341 and the pressure relief support 343. The waterproof membrane 342 is made of high-density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, or other waterproof materials, typically with a thickness of 0.5 mm to 2 mm, exhibiting good waterproof performance and appropriate flexibility. The waterproof membrane 342 covers the entire mounting base 341, forming a certain overlap at the edges to ensure waterproof integrity. The waterproof membrane 342 is connected to the mounting base 341 via adhesive, thermoforming welding, or mechanical fastening, ensuring a tight and leak-free connection. As a second waterproof barrier, the waterproof membrane 342 further enhances the overall waterproof performance of the system.

[0079] The pressure relief support 343 is connected to the mounting base 341 and is positioned between the support base and the flexible protective assembly. The pressure relief support 343 is made of a compressible material, such as foamed concrete, rubber, or other materials with certain compressibility. The thickness of the pressure relief support 343 is typically 10 to 20 centimeters, sufficient to provide the necessary buffer space. The compressibility of the pressure relief support 343 is a key characteristic, enabling it to undergo controlled compressive deformation under pressure, releasing some stress and reducing the impact on the support structure. The connection between the pressure relief support 343 and the mounting base 341 can be achieved through adhesive, bolts, or other suitable methods, ensuring a secure connection without compromising the pressure relief function.

[0080] It should be specifically and clearly stated that the pressure relief support 343 can adopt a layered structure, with different layers using materials with different compression properties. For example, the layer closest to the flexible protective component 320 can use a softer material with greater initial deformation capacity; the middle layer can use a medium-hardness material; and the layer closest to the mounting base 341 can use a harder material to provide final support. The pressure relief support 343 can have multiple cavities or air pockets inside, forming an "air cushion" effect. The surface area of ​​the side of the mounting base 341 connected to the support frame is larger than the surface area of ​​the waterproof area 400.

[0081] In one embodiment, the pressure relief support 343 is made of steel plate and is arranged in the shape of a hollow ellipsoid or a hollow sphere.

[0082] Specifically, the pressure support 343 is made of steel plate, typically 2 to 5 millimeters thick, possessing sufficient strength and a certain degree of elastic deformation capacity. The steel plate material can be Q235 steel, 304 stainless steel, or other materials with good ductility and fatigue resistance. The steel plate surface undergoes anti-corrosion treatment, such as galvanizing or spraying an anti-corrosion layer, to improve its durability. The pressure support 343 is processed into a hollow ellipsoidal or hollow spherical structure through stamping, bending, and other processes.

[0083] When the pressure support 343 is hollow ellipsoidal, its major axis is typically 20 to 30 centimeters, its minor axis is 15 to 25 centimeters, and its wall thickness is 2 to 5 millimeters. The major axis of the hollow ellipsoidal structure is perpendicular to the tunnel axis, which allows it to provide a large deformation space in the vertical direction while maintaining sufficient stability in the horizontal direction.

[0084] When the pressure support 343 is hollow spherical, its diameter is typically 15 cm to 25 cm, and its wall thickness is also 2 mm to 5 mm. The hollow spherical structure has isotropic deformation characteristics, enabling it to respond uniformly to pressure from all directions.

[0085] The deformation process of the hollow structure has obvious segmented characteristics: the first stage is elastic deformation, which allows the pressure support 343 to fully recover its original shape; the second stage is elastoplastic deformation, in which local areas may undergo permanent deformation, but the overall structure can still maintain its basic function; the third stage is plastic deformation, in which the hollow structure undergoes significant deformation, but this process absorbs a large amount of energy and plays a protective role.

[0086] It is important to note that the hollow structure has a more significant advantage when soft rock undergoes large deformation: First, the hollow structure provides sufficient deformation space to avoid rigid impact; second, the elasto-plastic deformation process of the steel plate absorbs a large amount of energy, reducing the force transmitted to the support structure; third, even after large deformation, the pressure support 343 can still maintain its basic load-bearing capacity and will not completely fail.

[0087] The hollow ellipsoidal structure can be reinforced with ribs to improve overall strength while maintaining its deformability. The ribs can be arranged along either the major or minor axis of the ellipsoid, and their number and location are determined based on specific requirements.

[0088] The surface of a hollow spherical structure can be textured to increase friction with surrounding materials and prevent slippage during deformation. The texture can be circular, spiral, or other suitable patterns, with a depth typically ranging from 0.5 mm to 1 mm.

[0089] Based on the same technical concept, in a second aspect, the present invention also proposes a method for waterproofing soft rock tunnels, applying the soft rock tunnel waterproofing system described in the first aspect, wherein the method for waterproofing soft rock tunnels includes the following steps:

[0090] S100. Collect hydrogeological data of the soft rock tunnel; wherein, the hydrogeological data includes geological data of the soft rock tunnel, average deformation data, and hydrological data.

[0091] Specifically, in this embodiment, the waterproofing method for soft rock tunnels first requires a comprehensive understanding of the hydrogeological conditions of the soft rock tunnels, thus necessitating the collection of hydrogeological data. This hydrogeological data includes the geological data of the soft rock tunnels, average deformation data, and hydrological data.

[0092] The geological data for soft rock tunnels refers to the physical and mechanical properties of the geological bodies surrounding the tunnels, including but not limited to: rock type, rock strength, rock mass structure, degree of joint and fracture development, and degree of weathering. This geological data is typically obtained through methods such as core drilling, on-site geological surveys, and laboratory rock mechanics tests. In this embodiment, multi-point core drilling is preferred, with drilling points spaced 5 to 10 meters apart around the soft rock tunnel, and a drilling depth of at least 1.5 times the tunnel's burial depth, to obtain comprehensive geological data.

[0093] Average deformation data refers to the deformation of the surrounding geological body during the excavation and use of soft rock tunnels, including but not limited to: tunnel arch settlement, tunnel perimeter convergence, and surrounding rock pressure. Average deformation data is typically obtained through continuous monitoring using displacement monitoring instruments (such as convergence meters, multi-point displacement meters, and pressure cells). In this embodiment, the monitoring points are spaced 10 to 20 meters apart, and the monitoring frequency is once daily during the initial stage of tunnel excavation, and can be adjusted to once weekly after stabilization to obtain accurate deformation data.

[0094] Hydrological data refers to the groundwater conditions around soft rock tunnels, including but not limited to: groundwater level, groundwater pressure, inflow rate, and water quality characteristics. Hydrological data is typically obtained through methods such as borehole water level observation, pressure sensor measurement, and inflow rate measurement. In this embodiment, hydrological observation points are combined with geological drilling points, and groundwater conditions are monitored in real time by installing water level gauges and pressure sensors in the boreholes.

[0095] S200. Based on the hydrogeological data, obtain the hydrogeological model of the soft rock tunnel; wherein, the hydrogeological model includes a cloud map of the seepage distribution and a cloud map of the average deformation of the soft rock tunnel.

[0096] Specifically, in this step, based on the hydrogeological data collected in the previous step, a hydrogeological model of the soft rock tunnel is established through data processing and analysis. The hydrogeological model includes a cloud map showing the distribution of seepage volume and the distribution of average deformation of the soft rock tunnel.

[0097] In this embodiment, the seepage distribution cloud map is obtained by spatial interpolation and numerical simulation of collected hydrological data, representing the seepage situation in various areas of the tunnel. Specifically, the collected data on water inflow and groundwater pressure are input into professional hydrogeological simulation software, such as FEFLOW or MODFLOW, and combined with information such as tunnel geometry and surrounding rock parameters, a three-dimensional seepage field calculation is performed. The calculation results are presented in the form of a cloud map, with different colors representing different seepage levels; typically, red indicates areas with high seepage, and blue indicates areas with low seepage.

[0098] The average deformation distribution cloud map is obtained by spatial interpolation and numerical simulation of the collected average deformation data, representing the deformation of different areas of the tunnel. Specifically, data such as tunnel crown settlement and tunnel perimeter convergence are input into professional geotechnical engineering simulation software, such as FLAC3D or PLAXIS. Combined with information on tunnel geometry and surrounding rock parameters, a three-dimensional stress-deformation field calculation is performed. The calculation results are also presented in the form of a cloud map, with different colors representing different deformation levels; typically, red indicates areas of high deformation, and blue indicates areas of low deformation.

[0099] By combining the two cloud maps, a complete hydrogeological model of the soft rock tunnel was formed, which can intuitively reflect the seepage and deformation in various areas of the tunnel, providing a scientific basis for the next step of determining the waterproof areas.

[0100] S300. Determine the waterproof area of ​​the soft rock tunnel based on the hydrogeological model.

[0101] Specifically, in this step, based on the hydrogeological model obtained in the previous step, the areas requiring waterproofing are determined. In this embodiment, the determination of the waterproofing areas is mainly based on the following principles:

[0102] First, areas where the seepage exceeds a certain threshold require waterproofing. Based on tunnel engineering experience and relevant specifications, this embodiment sets the seepage threshold at 0.1 liters / minute / square meter. On the seepage distribution map, all areas exceeding this threshold are marked as potential waterproofing areas.

[0103] Secondly, areas where the deformation exceeds a certain threshold also require waterproofing. Based on tunnel engineering experience and relevant specifications, this embodiment sets the deformation threshold to 1% of the tunnel radius. On the deformation distribution cloud map, all areas exceeding this threshold are marked as potential waterproofing areas.

[0104] Finally, the areas marked in the two scenarios above are superimposed to obtain the final waterproof area distribution map. Furthermore, considering the continuity and integrity of the construction process, adjacent waterproof areas can be merged to form a larger, continuous waterproof area.

[0105] In this embodiment, the waterproof area can be further subdivided into three levels: Level I area (large seepage and large deformation), Level II area (large seepage or large deformation), and Level III area (both seepage and deformation are close to the threshold). Different levels of waterproof areas can use different specifications of waterproof materials and structures to achieve an economical and reasonable waterproofing solution.

[0106] S400. Install waterproofing mechanisms in each of the waterproof areas in sequence; wherein the waterproofing mechanisms are connected to the drainage ditch formed in the invert area of ​​the soft rock tunnel.

[0107] Specifically, in this step, waterproofing mechanisms are installed sequentially according to the waterproofing area determined in the previous step. These waterproofing mechanisms are connected to drainage ditches formed in the invert area of ​​the soft rock tunnel.

[0108] In this embodiment, the waterproofing mechanism is installed in the following order: first, the anchors are installed; then, the flexible protective components are installed; next, the drainage components are installed; and finally, the pressure relief support components are installed. The specific installation process is as follows:

[0109] For anchors, the number and location of anchors are determined based on the size and shape of the waterproof area. Typically, the anchors are spaced 1 to 1.5 meters apart, forming a uniform anchoring network. The anchors penetrate the flexible protective components and extend into the soft rock, being secured by expansion or grouting to ensure the entire waterproofing structure is firmly anchored to the soft rock tunnel surface.

[0110] For flexible protective components, first lay the flexible steel mesh on the surface of the waterproof area, ensuring that the mesh covers the entire waterproof area, and leave an overlap of at least 30 cm at the edges. The semi-permeable membrane should be laid in a direction that allows water to flow smoothly into the drainage ditch.

[0111] For the drainage components, install the water collection hood on the side of the flexible steel mesh away from the waterproof area, ensuring that the water collection trough of the hood is inclined and the drain hole at the lower end faces the drainage ditch. Then, connect one end of the flexible connecting pipe to the drain hole and extend the other end to the drainage ditch, ensuring a secure and leak-free connection. Simultaneously, evenly install multiple support frames on the bottom wall of the water collection hood, ensuring all supports are in contact with the flexible steel mesh.

[0112] For the pressure relief support assembly, first connect the mounting base to the support frame within the soft rock tunnel's support structure, ensuring a secure connection. Then, install a waterproof membrane on the side of the mounting base facing the flexible protective assembly. Finally, connect the pressure relief support to the mounting base, ensuring the pressure relief support is positioned between the support base and the flexible protective assembly.

[0113] After the waterproofing system is installed, a connectivity test is required to ensure that the drainage components are properly connected to the drainage ditch and can smoothly drain any seeping water. The test can be done by pouring water onto the flexible protective components and observing whether the water flows smoothly into the drainage ditch.

[0114] S500. A support structure is formed inside the waterproofing mechanism to complete the waterproofing construction of the soft rock tunnel.

[0115] Specifically, in this step, a support structure is constructed inside the installed waterproofing mechanism to form a complete waterproofing system for soft rock tunnels.

[0116] In this embodiment, the construction of the support structure is carried out according to the following steps: First, a layer of concrete with a thickness of 5 to 10 centimeters is sprayed inside the waterproofing mechanism to form an initial support layer. When spraying concrete, it is important to ensure that the spraying pressure and angle are appropriate to avoid damaging the waterproofing mechanism. After the initial support layer is sprayed, it needs to be cured for at least 24 hours to allow the concrete to reach a certain strength.

[0117] Then install the steel arch frame. The reinforcing mesh typically uses Φ8@200mm steel bars, while the steel arch frame specifications are selected based on the tunnel cross-section size and geological conditions. During installation, the reinforcing mesh and steel arch frame should be kept at a proper distance from the waterproofing mechanism to avoid direct contact and damage.

[0118] Finally, secondary lining concrete is poured onto the support frame to form the final support structure. The thickness of the secondary lining concrete is typically 30 to 50 centimeters, and the concrete strength grade is not lower than C30. Pouring should be done in sections, with each section controlled to be 6 to 12 meters in length, ensuring the concrete is fully vibrated and compacted to avoid defects such as honeycomb and voids.

[0119] After the support structure is constructed, a waterproofing effect test is required to confirm whether the waterproofing system has achieved the expected results. Testing methods include, but are not limited to: observing for seepage points inside the tunnel, measuring the moisture content inside the support structure, and measuring the drainage volume in the drainage ditches.

[0120] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the technical concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waterproofing system for soft rock tunnels, characterized in that, include: Data acquisition device, the data acquisition device being used to acquire hydrogeological data of the soft rock tunnel; The terminal is communicatively connected to the data acquisition device. The terminal is used to acquire the hydrogeological model of the soft rock tunnel based on the hydrogeological data, and to acquire the waterproof area of ​​the soft rock tunnel. A waterproofing mechanism, which is installed in the waterproof area; as well as, A support structure is provided on the inner side of the waterproofing mechanism to support the soft rock tunnel. The waterproofing mechanism includes: Multiple anchors are distributed circumferentially around the outer periphery of the waterproof area, and each anchor is anchored to the geological body at the location of the waterproof area. A flexible protective component is attached to the outer periphery of the waterproof area and connected to all the anchors, and the flexible protective component can be extended or shortened relative to the anchors. A drainage assembly, wherein the drainage assembly is installed on the side of the flexible protective assembly away from the geological body of the waterproof area, and the drainage assembly is connected to a drainage ditch via a pipe; and, A pressure-relief support assembly is installed on the side of the drainage assembly away from the flexible protection assembly, and the other end of the pressure-relief support assembly is supported on the support structure of the soft rock tunnel, and a waterproof layer is formed on the end of the pressure-relief support assembly supported on the support structure. The pressure relief support assembly can retract towards the support structure and perform pressure relief operation when the flexible protection assembly pushes the drainage assembly towards the support structure. The flexible protective component includes: A flexible steel mesh, said flexible steel mesh being attached to the surface of the waterproof area, and said flexible steel mesh being connected to all said anchors; and, A semi-permeable membrane is provided, which covers the outer periphery of the flexible steel mesh, and groundwater seeping from the waterproof area can penetrate through the semi-permeable membrane to the side of the flexible steel mesh away from the waterproof area. The pressure relief support component includes: Mounting base, which can be connected to the support frame within the support structure; A waterproof membrane, said waterproof membrane being mounted on the side of the mounting base facing the flexible protective assembly; and, A pressure relief support is provided, which is connected to the mounting base and is disposed between the mounting base and the flexible protective component.

2. The soft rock tunnel waterproofing system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The aperture of the flexible steel mesh is A; wherein, 1 mesh ≤ A ≤ 5 mesh.

3. The soft rock tunnel waterproofing system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The drainage assembly includes: A water collection cover, wherein the water collection cover is installed on the side of the flexible steel mesh away from the waterproof area, and a water collection trough is formed at the bottom of the water collection cover, the water collection trough is inclined, and a drainage hole is formed at the bottom end of the water collection trough; and, A flexible connecting pipe connects the drainage hole to the drainage ditch.

4. The soft rock tunnel waterproofing system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The drainage assembly also includes multiple support frames, which are spaced apart on the bottom wall of the water collection hood, and all of the support frames abut against the flexible steel mesh.

5. The soft rock tunnel waterproofing system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The surface area of ​​the side of the mounting base connected to the support frame is greater than the surface area of ​​the waterproof area.

6. The soft rock tunnel waterproofing system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The pressure relief support is made of steel plate and is arranged in the shape of a hollow ellipsoid or a hollow sphere.

7. A method for waterproofing soft rock tunnels, characterized in that, The soft rock tunnel waterproofing system as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, the soft rock tunnel waterproofing method comprising the following steps: Collect hydrogeological data of the soft rock tunnel; wherein, the hydrogeological data includes geological data of the soft rock tunnel, average deformation data, and hydrological data; Based on the hydrogeological data, a hydrogeological model of the soft rock tunnel is obtained; wherein, the hydrogeological model includes a cloud map of the seepage distribution and a cloud map of the average deformation of the soft rock tunnel. The waterproof zone of the soft rock tunnel is determined based on the hydrogeological model. Waterproofing mechanisms are installed sequentially in each of the waterproof areas; wherein the waterproofing mechanisms are connected to drainage ditches formed in the invert area of ​​the soft rock tunnel. A support structure is constructed inside the waterproofing mechanism to complete the waterproofing construction of the soft rock tunnel.

Images