Sewage electrochemical treatment system adaptive to multiple types of sewage and treatment method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemical sewage treatment, and discloses a sewage electrochemical treatment system adaptive to multi-type sewage, which comprises a plurality of independent electrochemical treatment units, and the plurality of electrochemical treatment units can adopt a parallel connection or series connection or series-parallel connection treatment mode according to the pollution condition of sewage to be treated. Each electrochemical treatment unit can set the same or different pollution component treatment targets, and correspondingly set the same or different equipment, functions, control parameters and detection parameters, so as to adapt to research, development, exploration and practical application of electrochemical treatment technologies of various types of sewage, including small-scale tests and pilot-scale tests, and become a practical engineering sewage treatment system. The method can be used as a technical platform for sewage treatment, can be used for quickly and flexibly exploring a process, feasibility, scientificity, stability and technical economy for treating specific sewage for treating different types of sewage, lays a foundation for practical engineering design and application, or efficiently and quickly enters engineering application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrochemical wastewater treatment technology, specifically to an electrochemical wastewater treatment system and method adaptable to various types of wastewater. Background Technology

[0002] Raw water (i.e., untreated water sources such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and groundwater whose water quality parameters change significantly and unstablely in a short period of time) and wastewater with complex composition (collectively referred to as wastewater to be treated, also known as raw water) undergo physical and / or chemical treatment before being discharged (or used) once they meet the discharge (or use) standards. When the wastewater to be treated has complex composition, lacks detailed parameters, or is difficult to treat, pilot treatment (experimental treatment) is required before implementing the wastewater treatment project to determine the scientific validity, feasibility, and economic efficiency of the final wastewater treatment process. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct laboratory tests (small-scale system), pilot-scale system tests capable of treating a certain scale of wastewater (pilot system), and then transition to the actual engineering wastewater treatment system project.

[0003] Because different industries produce vastly different wastewater, containing varying pollutants and concentrations, their treatment objectives, discharge standards, and reuse criteria also differ. Therefore, exploring appropriate treatment processes is an extremely complex task, characterized by long cycles, low efficiency, and high experimental costs. However, a careful breakdown of the entire experimental process typically involves three aspects: detection, regulation, and the coupling of auxiliary technologies. Detection includes COD, BOD, pH, SS, conductivity, and heavy metals; auxiliary treatment includes chemical dosing, stirring, filtration, sedimentation, and solid-liquid separation; coupled (combined) technologies include Fenton chromatography, catalysis, other chemical reactions, and biochemical treatment. The problems are as follows: each small-scale or pilot-scale test is conducted manually, requiring consideration of numerous factors and selection of parameters. Human error is inevitable in both parameter selection and execution, and these errors are often amplified in actual engineering design. Furthermore, single electrochemical unit experiments typically only allow for the selection of a single parameter, creating a difficult-to-coordinate contradiction between different parameters for different pollutants and the coordination of different coupling technologies and detection methods, thus increasing the difficulty of treatment. The treatment of each type of wastewater usually involves multiple, even hundreds, of experiments, with adjustments to the experimental processes and equipment structure being extremely tedious. Additionally, it is difficult to link detection and feedback control in each experiment, significantly extending experimental time. Moreover, each experimental step is an intermittent manual operation, and the intermittent experimental conclusions increase the error in the continuous operation of the actual engineering project. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, one of the objectives of this invention is to provide a wastewater electrochemical treatment system adaptable to multiple types of wastewater. This system can serve as a scientific experiment and process development testing platform, or a pilot-scale testing platform. The conclusions and treatment parameters obtained from these experiments provide reliable reference value for the design of practical wastewater treatment engineering systems. This testing platform can be used to treat different types of wastewater, adapting to multiple wastewater types. It can quickly and flexibly explore the feasibility, scientific validity, process, and techno-economic viability of treating specific wastewater, laying a more credible design and application foundation for practical engineering. Even when treating complex components and small volumes, it can be directly and quickly applied in engineering, saving costs, with wide applicability and high efficiency.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: a wastewater electrochemical treatment system adaptable to multiple types of wastewater, comprising multiple independent electrochemical treatment units. According to the diversity and complexity of the pollutant components in the wastewater to be treated, the multiple electrochemical treatment units can adopt parallel, series, or series-parallel treatment modes, thereby adapting to the electrochemical treatment of multiple types of wastewater.

[0006] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The electrochemical treatment units in this invention are independent and modularly designed. Each independent electrochemical treatment unit can independently complete its corresponding set target task. When treating wastewater, any number of electrochemical treatment units can be configured, and appropriate connection modes can be selected. Depending on the complexity of the wastewater, multiple electrochemical treatment units can be connected in parallel, in series, or in a series-parallel connection. Parallel connection can involve two or more electrochemical treatment units connected in parallel. Series connection can involve two or more electrochemical treatment units connected sequentially. Series-parallel connection involves two or more electrochemical treatment units first connected in series to form a series unit group, and then the series unit group is connected in parallel, or two or more units are first connected in parallel to form a parallel unit group, and then the parallel unit group is connected in series. The connection of the units is very flexible, and different connections form different wastewater treatment modes (treatment pipelines). In this way, by simply changing the pipeline and setting the electrochemical parameters, the process feasibility, scientific validity, and techno-economic viability of treating specific wastewater can be quickly explored, significantly shortening the experimental time. Flexibility, speed, and scientificity are the prominent features of this experimental system platform. After initially understanding the type, components, and discharge standards of specific sewage, a treatment process plan can be formulated. According to the requirements of the plan, the connection mode of units or unit groups can be determined, and through the transformation of pipeline connections, power lines, and signal lines, a treatment system can be quickly assembled. Then, the electrolysis and detection parameters within the unit can be determined, and the auxiliary treatment coordination can be selected to enter the experiment. During the experiment, the connection mode, control parameters, and types of auxiliary treatment can also be quickly adjusted according to the experimental situation to achieve the treatment goals set in the process plan. Therefore, whether it is entering the process experiment or adjusting the process plan during the process, the efficiency of this platform will be much higher than the traditional manual treatment mode.

[0007] The essence of the solution of this invention is to provide a high - efficiency R & D platform for the research and development of sewage treatment technology. R & D personnel can determine the treatment plan according to different sewage treatment requirements, quickly formulate the treatment mode, and build a specific treatment system according to the mode, so that small - scale or medium - scale tests can be carried out in a relatively short time, simplifying the work, improving the efficiency, and saving costs.

[0008] As a R & D experimental platform, the treatment system and operation program flexibly constructed by this invention can simultaneously have the functions of manual, semi - automatic, or full - automatic. It is very convenient to adjust, optimize, and record various process parameters. Therefore, it can better simulate the real sewage treatment environment and process flow, and the obtained process parameters are more coherent, real, and reliable.

[0009] The experimental platform of this invention consists of multiple electrochemical units, which provides broad opportunities for more scientific sewage treatment. For extremely complex sewage with extremely complex components, in this system, researchers can classify or group pollutants according to their characteristics or components and allocate them to electrochemical units or unit groups. They then form a treatment system in series, parallel, or series - parallel mode. Sub - dividing the treatment and then linking it into a system is a typical feature of this invention, which is completely different from the traditional general treatment method in an electrochemical box. The traditional method relies more on luck, while the platform experiment of this invention is more based on scientific principles. Each electrochemical treatment unit is independent, with independent parameter settings, independent control, and adjustment according to the assigned treatment tasks, and the goal is clear. Therefore, it not only simplifies the R & D work but also makes it easier to discover which link and what problems are the bottlenecks that need to be tackled in the entire system for treating specific sewage, and which auxiliary technologies need to be coupled in the unit module to effectively break through the bottleneck. Therefore, the processes and data obtained using this platform are more optimized and scientific.

[0010] The experimental platform of this invention has great flexibility in terms of treatment mode selection, unit treatment target setting, system construction, setting of treatment and feedback parameters, and selection of detection and coupling technologies. Therefore, it can fully optimize the process while achieving the overall treatment target, so as to achieve the best technical and economic efficiency. This is of great significance to actual wastewater treatment engineering.

[0011] This invention is modularly designed and can be constructed into two specifications: small-scale and pilot-scale, depending on the daily treatment capacity. The pilot-scale specification can be designed to treat 10-20 tons of wastewater per day. Therefore, when the actual daily treatment capacity is within this range, and the treatment scheme, process, and effect of the wastewater are determined, simply remove the redundant parts of the system and retain the necessary parts, and it can be directly and efficiently used in actual treatment projects. This is particularly suitable for some special situations such as accidental wastewater, wastewater from the trial production of new products, and wastewater from sudden events.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the pollution complexity of the wastewater to be treated is low, multiple electrochemical treatment units are combined into a parallel treatment mode. When the pollution complexity of the wastewater to be treated is high, multiple electrochemical treatment units can be combined into a series or series-parallel treatment mode.

[0013] Beneficial Effects: Parallel operation can involve two or more electrochemical treatment units connected in parallel. Its main function is to flexibly address the contradiction between large fluctuations in wastewater volume and the need to stop wastewater treatment for maintenance in case of electrochemical equipment failure. The actual wastewater volume generated by a factory may vary significantly with production cycles and product targets. The parallel operation mode of this invention effectively solves this problem. Currently, existing electrochemical treatment systems are single-tank designs, with the tank volume designed to handle the maximum daily wastewater volume throughout the year. Therefore, when the water volume is low, there is a significant waste of treatment capacity and energy. This invention's system distributes the maximum daily treatment volume throughout the year to multiple electrochemical units. More units are activated when the water volume is high, and fewer units are activated when the water volume is low, thus maximizing energy savings. Furthermore, if a fault occurs during equipment use, the existing single-tank mode requires a complete shutdown for maintenance, which is clearly detrimental to wastewater treatment. However, the multi-unit parallel system of this invention allows for the shutdown of one electrochemical treatment unit for maintenance without affecting the normal operation of other units. Therefore, it not only flexibly addresses fluctuations in the treated water volume but also fully guarantees the continuity of treatment operations.

[0014] When dealing with complex wastewater, a series treatment approach can be adopted. This involves connecting two or more electrochemical treatment units sequentially, each independent and designed to perform different target tasks. This is because different substances exhibit varying degrees of difficulty, sequence, or interference during electrolysis. For example, when different heavy metal ions coexist in the same electrochemical treatment unit, their oxidation-reduction order differs due to differences in electrode potential, and their solid precipitation mechanisms differ as well. Some precipitate as metal salts, some as oxides, and others as elemental metals. Different liquid pH levels also affect the precipitation effect and efficiency, sometimes even contradicting each other in terms of precipitation conditions. The decomposition, oxidation, and reduction of various organic compounds are even more problematic. Therefore, it is extremely difficult and unscientific to efficiently treat all pollutants under single conditions within a traditional single electrochemical reaction module.

[0015] Therefore, for wastewater with high pollution complexity, especially multi-component pollution, the problem can be effectively solved by connecting multiple electrochemical treatment units in series according to this invention. First, the main pollutants are classified and grouped, and then sequentially assigned to each unit in the series configuration. Each electrochemical treatment unit is individually configured with optimal treatment conditions (e.g., current density, electrolyte pH, electrode type, electrode spacing, detection indicators, and coupling technology assistance), eliminating interference factors. Each electrochemical treatment unit treats only the specifically assigned pollutants, making the control parameters relatively simple and easy to control precisely, significantly reducing operational difficulty. Furthermore, in many cases, the electrochemical reaction products of each electrochemical treatment unit are different. The reaction products of the previous electrochemical treatment unit may sometimes adversely affect the electrochemical reaction in the next unit. This invention can remove the reaction products using auxiliary technologies such as precipitation or filtration in the corresponding electrochemical treatment unit, avoiding potential impacts on the next unit. In other words, this invention offers excellent flexibility and reliability to reduce or avoid mutual interference between pollutants and reactants during the treatment process.

[0016] Series connection offers beneficial effects. Sometimes, wastewater contains highly corrosive substances that can severely corrode system components, especially electrode plates. In such cases, a step-by-step sequential treatment is necessary, first removing these highly corrosive substances and then treating other substances. A series connection achieves this effect. It also protects the electrodes of subsequent electrochemical treatment units, extending their lifespan and reducing replacement costs. For example, some wastewater contains fluoride ions and other pollutants. Fluoride ions have a strong corrosive effect on titanium-based electrodes. Therefore, the pre-stage electrochemical unit in the series connection should use diamond-coated (BDD) electrodes, along with its chemical auxiliary treatment to remove fluoride ions. After fluoride removal, the wastewater then enters the subsequent electrochemical treatment unit with titanium-based or iron-based electrodes to treat other pollutants. Different electrochemical units can be configured with different treatment parameters and different electrodes, which is particularly valuable for treating especially complex wastewater, such as rare earth wastewater, nuclear industry wastewater, and wastewater from high-end seamless steel pipe manufacturing.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in a series or series-parallel processing mode, each electrochemical treatment unit is specifically designed to treat one or more pollutants in the wastewater to be treated.

[0018] Beneficial effects: If all substances are removed in the same electrochemical treatment unit, the removal mechanisms of various pollutants differ, and the removal parameters contradict each other. It is difficult to select the same electrochemical parameters to ensure that all pollutants are efficiently and stably removed to meet standards. Sometimes, to completely remove a certain difficult-to-electrolyze substance, it may be necessary to increase the current density or extend the electrolysis time, but this may lead to over-electrolysis of other easily electrolyzed substances, resulting in energy waste. In addition, different pollutants require different electrochemical treatment parameters, and it is impossible to treat all pollutants with the same parameters. Therefore, a step-by-step electrochemical treatment should be adopted, with each stage only requiring the selection of appropriate parameters for precise electrolysis of specific substances. This reduces ineffective electrolysis and over-electrolysis, lowers energy consumption, and ensures the reliability and stability of the electrolysis effect. Different substances have varying corrosive and passivating effects on electrodes. Removing substances that easily corrode or passivate electrodes in the initial electrochemical treatment unit using highly corrosion-resistant plates can protect the electrodes in subsequent electrochemical treatment units, extend electrode lifespan, and reduce electrode replacement costs. For example, in some wastewater containing fluoride ions, fluoride ions have a strong corrosive effect on titanium-based electrodes. In such cases, a diamond-coated (BDD) layer is used in the upstream unit to remove the fluoride before the wastewater enters the downstream electrochemical treatment unit equipped with titanium-based or iron-based electrodes.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when applied to small-scale and pilot-scale tests, and to low-complexity domestic sewage treatment processes, industrial sewage treatment processes, and agricultural sewage treatment processes, multiple electrochemical treatment units adopt a parallel treatment mode. When applied to high-complexity, highly polluted industrial wastewater treatment processes, special industry wastewater treatment processes, extremely polluted wastewater treatment processes, and emerging industry polluted wastewater treatment processes, multiple electrochemical treatment units can adopt a series or series-parallel treatment mode.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the series processing mode, multiple electrochemical processing units are connected in series sequentially. In the series-parallel processing mode, at least two electrochemical processing units can be connected in series to form a series unit group, and then multiple series unit groups can be connected in parallel. Alternatively, at least two electrochemical units can be connected in parallel to form a parallel unit group, and then multiple parallel unit groups can be connected in series.

[0021] Beneficial effects: The series connection can significantly improve treatment efficiency. For example, a certain volume of wastewater requires a total electrochemical treatment time of 30 minutes to meet the standard. If the current single-tank electrochemical operation is used, the treatment time is 30 minutes. However, according to this invention, five electrochemical treatment units of the same volume are connected in series. Each unit has a sequential treatment time of 6 minutes, and the total treatment time is still 30 minutes. However, the treatment efficiency is increased by 5 times. At the same time, the precise design of different units can improve the stability of treatment and save energy.

[0022] The series-parallel electrochemical unit treatment mode combines the advantages of both parallel and series connections. In the parallel-then-series mode, the series connection solves the problem of stepwise treatment of different pollutants, while the parallel connection can increase the amount of wastewater treated as the number of parallel units increases, and can accommodate fluctuations in water volume. Therefore, this mode can be used when the wastewater is complex in composition and has large fluctuations in water volume, but it prioritizes solving the problems of increased water volume and fluctuations. In the series-then-parallel mode, the series connection also solves the problem of stepwise treatment of complex components, while the parallel connection solves the problems of increased treatment volume and fluctuations, but it prioritizes solving the problem of the stepwise sequential treatment of complex components.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in parallel, series, or series-parallel processing modes, each electrochemical treatment unit can adjust the wastewater parameters to the target value based on the current collected wastewater parameters, so that the wastewater is adapted to the environmental requirements of the electrochemical reaction of the electrochemical treatment unit.

[0024] Beneficial effects: Pre-treating wastewater before the electrochemical reaction in the electrochemical treatment unit allows the electrochemical reaction to proceed effectively, improving treatment efficiency, reducing operating costs, and extending equipment life. For example, adjusting the pH value of the wastewater to match the environmental requirements of the electrochemical reaction in the electrochemical treatment unit promotes the effective conduct of the electrochemical reaction and improves treatment efficiency. For example, using pre-treatment such as bar screens, sedimentation, or filtration can prevent pollutants from depositing on the electrode surface and forming a passivation layer. For example, reducing the concentration of certain substances during pre-treatment can prevent side reactions and the consumption of additional electrical energy. For example, removing corrosive substances can reduce the electrode corrosion rate.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, multiple electrochemical treatment units adjust their respective control parameters in real time according to the current wastewater treatment requirements.

[0026] Beneficial effects: During the treatment process, the water quality of the wastewater may fluctuate, and the concentration and proportion of pollutants may change. Each electrochemical treatment unit in the series can be set with independent task indicators, real-time monitoring, and corresponding automatic feedback control. When the real-time monitoring indicators reach the task indicators, the electrochemical treatment unit will automatically increase its power or extend the time to complete the task indicators set for that electrochemical treatment unit. It avoids under-treatment and over-treatment, and precise control ensures that each electrochemical treatment unit can stably remove its target substances. This is an important guarantee for the stability and reliability of the treatment system.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a control module is also included. The electrochemical treatment unit includes an electrochemical reaction treatment module, a detection module, and an auxiliary treatment module. The auxiliary treatment module is used to assist in wastewater treatment. The detection module is used to detect the real-time parameters of the wastewater in the electrochemical reaction treatment module. The detection module is used to transmit the collected parameter information to the control module in real time. The control module is used to control the electrochemical reaction treatment module or the auxiliary treatment module to automatically adjust the control parameters in real time. When the control module receives data from the detection module showing that the parameters detected by the detection module are different from the preset values, the control module controls the electrochemical reaction processing module or auxiliary processing module to automatically adjust the control parameters in real time.

[0028] Beneficial effects: The auxiliary treatment module is used for auxiliary pretreatment to match the electrochemical reaction environment and for real-time auxiliary treatment during the electrochemical reaction process. The auxiliary treatment module adjusts the current wastewater to create optimal reaction conditions for the electrochemical reaction in the corresponding electrochemical reaction treatment module. In the series mode, for example, there are three electrochemical treatment units connected in series, each with different target pollutant removal types. However, after the primary electrochemical treatment unit is treated, it is found that there are obvious adverse factors affecting the removal effect and efficiency of the secondary unit. These adverse factors must be eliminated before the secondary unit electrolysis treatment. At this time, the pretreatment function of the auxiliary treatment module in the secondary unit is activated to perform secondary auxiliary pretreatment, such as activating some preset functions, such as selecting flocculation and / or pH adjustment and / or chemical addition and / or temperature adjustment and / or photochemical and / or ultrasonic treatment, which creates a suitable electrolysis environment for the secondary unit electrolysis removal target.

[0029] By setting up a detection module, which can be an existing detector such as a microfluidic UV-fluorescence rapid detector, an optical wave characteristics and algorithm detector, an electrical parameter real-time monitor, a conductivity detector, or a pH detector, the system can obtain the current real-time wastewater treatment status and transmit the current data information to the control module to implement real-time adjustment and control of the corresponding electrochemical reaction process.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the invention further includes a first inlet pipe, multiple second inlet pipes, multiple first outlet pipes, and multiple second outlet pipes. One end of the first inlet pipe is connected to a pretreatment unit, and the other end is connected to multiple second inlet pipes. The multiple second inlet pipes are connected to corresponding electrochemical treatment units. The two ends of the first outlet pipes are connected to two adjacent electrochemical treatment units, and the second outlet pipes are connected to corresponding electrochemical treatment units. Each second inlet pipe, each first outlet pipe, and each second outlet pipe is equipped with a one-way valve and a water pump. The control module is used to control the opening and closing of multiple one-way valves and water pumps. When the complexity of the sewage pollution to be treated is low, the control module controls the opening of the check valve and water pump on the second inlet pipe and the second outlet pipe, and controls the closing of the check valve and water pump on the first outlet pipe, so that multiple electrochemical treatment units are connected in parallel. Or, when the sewage to be treated is highly complex, the control module controls the opening of the check valves and water pumps on the second inlet pipe and the first outlet pipe, and controls the closing of the check valves and water pumps on the second outlet pipe, so that multiple electrochemical treatment units are connected in series.

[0031] The second objective of this invention is to provide a wastewater electrochemical treatment method adapted to multiple types of wastewater, applied to the aforementioned wastewater electrochemical treatment system adapted to multiple types of wastewater, comprising the following steps: When the complexity of the sewage pollution to be treated is low, a parallel treatment mode is adopted; When the pollution complexity of the wastewater to be treated is high, a series treatment mode or a series-parallel treatment mode can be adopted. In the series mode, each electrochemical treatment unit specifically treats one or more pollutants in the wastewater. Multiple independent electrochemical treatment units can be connected in parallel, series, or series-parallel modes depending on the pollution level of the wastewater being treated. When each electrochemical treatment unit is treating wastewater, it will collect the current wastewater parameters in real time and dynamically set the electrochemical treatment parameters to adapt to the current treatment target. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of parallel connection in the wastewater electrochemical treatment system adapted to multiple types of wastewater according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the series connection of the wastewater electrochemical treatment system adapted to multiple types of wastewater according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the series-then-parallel connection in the wastewater electrochemical treatment system adapted to multiple types of wastewater of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the parallel-then-series connection in the wastewater electrochemical treatment system adapted to multiple types of wastewater of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the wastewater electrochemical treatment method adapted to various types of wastewater according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] Typical embodiments embodying the features and advantages of the present invention will be specifically described in the following description. It should be understood that the present invention can have various variations in different embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention, and the descriptions and illustrations herein are for illustrative purposes only and not intended to limit the present invention.

[0034] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0035] The reference numerals in the attached drawings include: first inlet pipe 1, second inlet pipe 2, first outlet pipe 3, second outlet pipe 4, electrochemical treatment unit 5, auxiliary treatment module 6, electrochemical reaction treatment module 7, detection module 8, and drainage tank 9.

[0036] A wastewater electrochemical treatment system adaptable to various types of wastewater includes a pretreatment unit and multiple independent electrochemical treatment units. These multiple electrochemical treatment units can be connected in parallel, series, or series-parallel configurations to adapt to the electrochemical treatment of various types of wastewater.

[0037] In this embodiment, each electrochemical treatment unit can be preset to treat the same or different pollutant targets. Each electrochemical treatment unit may include auxiliary treatment modules, such as equipment for dosing, coagulation and solid-liquid separation, chemical assistance, photochemical assistance, biochemical treatment assistance, and membrane filtration. By setting parameters for the auxiliary treatment modules and electrochemical reaction treatment modules within the electrochemical treatment unit, it can enter automatic operation. With convenient parameter adjustment and feedback control, the specific treatment target preset by the independent unit can be quickly completed, and the various treatment parameters for the corresponding preset specific pollutants of the unit can be obtained.

[0038] In this embodiment, multiple electrochemical treatment units can be connected in parallel, series, or series-parallel processing modes, that is, different pollutants are sequentially assigned to different or the same independent units or groups of units to complete the treatment, forming a treatment chain.

[0039] The wastewater electrochemical treatment system of this invention is applied to small-scale and pilot-scale tests. When applied to low-complexity domestic wastewater treatment processes, industrial wastewater treatment processes, and agricultural wastewater treatment processes, multiple electrochemical treatment units adopt a parallel treatment mode. When applied to high-complexity, highly polluted industrial wastewater treatment processes, special industry wastewater treatment processes, extremely polluted wastewater treatment processes, and emerging industry polluted wastewater treatment processes, multiple electrochemical treatment units can adopt a series or series-parallel treatment mode. The treatment mode can be flexibly configured according to the type of wastewater, thereby improving treatment efficiency and flexibility.

[0040] Specifically, highly polluting industrial wastewater includes coking wastewater, electroplating wastewater, some chemical wastewater, pharmaceutical wastewater, printing and dyeing wastewater, and mining wastewater; special industry wastewater includes rare earth industrial wastewater, special steel pipe production wastewater, and medical wastewater; extremely polluting wastewater includes landfill leachate with long sludge age, heavy rare earth extraction and purification wastewater, and oil sludge wastewater from petroleum processing and rolling industries; and emerging polluting wastewater includes nuclear contamination wastewater, gene drug production wastewater, microplastic contamination wastewater, and perfluorinated compound (PFAS) wastewater.

[0041] In this embodiment, when the complexity of the sewage pollution to be treated is low, multiple electrochemical treatment units adopt a parallel treatment mode; when the complexity of the sewage pollution to be treated is high, multiple electrochemical treatment units can adopt a series or series-parallel treatment mode.

[0042] In this embodiment, multiple electrochemical treatment units adjust their respective control parameters in real time according to the current wastewater treatment needs. Specifically, different electrochemical treatment units or groups of electrochemical treatment units are assigned the types of pollutants to be treated, quantitative indicators of removal, necessary real-time detection methods and parameters, and corresponding real-time control methods and parameters.

[0043] In series or series-parallel treatment modes, each electrochemical treatment unit is specifically designed to treat one or more pollutants in the wastewater to be treated.

[0044] In this embodiment, in parallel, series, or series-parallel processing modes, each electrochemical treatment unit can adjust the wastewater parameters to the target value based on the current collected wastewater parameters, so that the wastewater is adapted to the environmental requirements of the electrochemical reaction of the electrochemical treatment unit.

[0045] In this embodiment, necessary auxiliary processing modules can be set in each electrochemical processing unit, and during the electrochemical reaction process, parameters can be automatically adjusted based on set values ​​or auxiliary technologies can be activated to participate in the reaction, so as to create a more suitable, efficient and stable electrochemical environment for the unit or unit group.

[0046] In this embodiment, in the series processing mode, multiple electrochemical processing units are connected in series sequentially; in the series-parallel processing mode, at least two electrochemical processing units can be connected in series to form a unit group, and then multiple unit groups can be connected in parallel; in the parallel-series mode, at least two electrochemical processing units can be connected in parallel to form a unit group, and then multiple unit groups can be connected in series.

[0047] In this embodiment, five, nine, or ten electrochemical treatment units are connected in series, for example. Five electrochemical treatment units are connected in sequence, nine electrochemical treatment units are connected in sequence, and ten electrochemical treatment units are connected in sequence. Different numbers of electrochemical treatment units can be selected according to the sewage pollution situation and the types of substances to be removed from the sewage. This allows for flexible configuration. Compared with the current fixed number of electrolytic cells, where each sewage treatment requires passing through each electrolytic cell and only increases the treatment time, each electrolytic cell treats the same type and quantity of pollutants, rather than each electrolytic cell treating a specific pollutant. This invention can save energy, improve treatment efficiency, and accurately meet different sewage treatment needs. Each electrochemical treatment unit can more effectively treat a specific pollutant, resulting in better and more thorough sewage treatment.

[0048] In this embodiment, parallel processing modes include, for example, four or six electrochemical treatment units connected in parallel, where raw water flows simultaneously through each electrochemical treatment unit after pretreatment. Series processing modes include, for example, three or five electrochemical treatment units connected in series, where the raw water flows sequentially through each of the three or five electrochemical treatment units after pretreatment. Series-parallel processing modes include, for example, nine electrochemical treatment units, where three units form a unit group, the units within a unit group are connected in series, and then the three unit groups are connected in parallel, allowing raw water to flow simultaneously through all three unit groups, and then sequentially through each electrochemical treatment unit within each unit group. Parallel-series processing modes include, for example, nine electrochemical treatment units, where three units form a unit group, the units within a unit group are connected in parallel, and then the three unit groups are connected in series, allowing raw water to flow sequentially through all three unit groups after pretreatment.

[0049] This embodiment, through parallel, series, or series-parallel processing modes, can flexibly select different numbers of electrochemical treatment units and match different connection methods according to the complexity of sewage pollution, forming different sewage treatment modes (treatment pipelines). It can quickly and flexibly explore the feasibility, scientificity, process, and technical economy of treating specific sewage, laying the foundation for actual engineering design and application, or directly and quickly entering engineering application.

[0050] This invention can serve as a laboratory process development testing platform, a pilot-scale testing system, or a practical engineering wastewater treatment system. In wastewater treatment, experiments can first be conducted on the laboratory process development testing platform to obtain feasible, scientifically sound, and technically and economically optimized processes and parameters. Based on this, pilot-scale operation can then be carried out, or engineering design can be directly implemented for practical application. This invention eliminates the need for separate pilot-scale systems or practical engineering wastewater treatment systems for each type of wastewater. Thus, by quickly controlling the opening and closing of connecting pipes and valves, setting various treatment parameters, and selecting auxiliary technologies, experiments or pilot-scale tests can be conducted in a short time, simplifying the work and improving efficiency.

[0051] The electrochemical treatment unit 5 includes an electrochemical reaction treatment module 7 and / or an auxiliary treatment module 6, the auxiliary treatment module 6 being used to assist in wastewater treatment.

[0052] It also includes a first water inlet pipe 1, multiple second water inlet pipes 2, multiple first water outlet pipes 3, multiple second water outlet pipes 4, and a drainage pool 9.

[0053] Specifically, such as Figure 1As shown, one end of the first inlet pipe 1 is connected to the pretreatment unit, and the other end is connected to multiple second inlet pipes 2. The multiple second inlet pipes 2 are connected to the corresponding electrochemical treatment units 5. The two ends of the first outlet pipe 3 are connected to two adjacent electrochemical treatment units 5. The two ends of the second outlet pipe 4 are connected to the corresponding electrochemical treatment unit 5 and the drainage tank 9. Each second inlet pipe 2, each first outlet pipe 3, and each second outlet pipe 4 is equipped with a one-way valve and a water pump.

[0054] In this embodiment, a one-way valve and a water pump are provided between the pretreatment module and the first water inlet pipe 1.

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, four electrochemical treatment units 5 are connected in series. Wastewater flows from the pretreatment unit, the first inlet pipe 1, and the second inlet pipe 2 into one electrochemical treatment unit 5, and then flows through the first outlet pipe 3 through the remaining electrochemical treatment units 5 and the second outlet pipe 4 to the drainage tank 9.

[0056] like Figure 2 As shown, four electrochemical treatment units 5 are connected in parallel. Wastewater flows into the corresponding electrochemical treatment unit 5 through the pretreatment unit and the first inlet pipe 1, and simultaneously through multiple second inlet pipes 2. After being treated by the electrochemical treatment unit 5, it flows to the drainage pool 9 through the second outlet pipe 4.

[0057] like Figure 3 As shown, four electrochemical treatment units 5 are connected in series and parallel. Specifically, they are first connected in series and then in parallel. Wastewater flows through the pretreatment unit, the first inlet pipe 1, and the corresponding second inlet pipe 2 to the corresponding series unit group. After passing through the electrochemical treatment unit 5 in the corresponding series unit group, the wastewater flows to the drainage tank 9 through the second outlet pipe 4.

[0058] like Figure 4 As shown, four electrochemical treatment units 5 are connected in series and parallel. Specifically, they are first connected in parallel and then in series. A first connecting pipe is provided between adjacent second outlet pipes 4, and a second connecting pipe is provided between the first connecting pipe and the first outlet pipe. A water pump and a one-way valve are provided on the first connecting pipe. Sewage flows simultaneously to the parallel unit group through the pretreatment unit, the first inlet pipe 1, and the corresponding second inlet pipe 2. After passing through the corresponding electrochemical treatment units 5, the sewage flows through the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe to the series electrochemical treatment units 5, and then flows to the drainage tank 9 through the second outlet pipe 4.

[0059] Wastewater flowing into the electrochemical treatment unit 5 can flow sequentially through the auxiliary treatment module 6 and the electrochemical reaction treatment module 7, or it can flow directly through the electrochemical reaction treatment module 7 and then into the next electrochemical treatment unit 5.

[0060] In this embodiment, a connecting pipe is provided between the auxiliary processing module 6 and the electrochemical reaction processing module 7, and a one-way valve and a water pump are provided on the connecting pipe.

[0061] When referring to the accompanying drawings in the instruction manual, dotted lines indicate that the sewage treatment pipeline is blocked, while solid lines indicate that the sewage treatment pipeline is connected.

[0062] In this embodiment, the electrochemical processing unit 5 may include an electrochemical reaction processing module 7, an auxiliary processing module 6, and a detection module 8, or it may include an electrochemical reaction processing module 7 and a detection module 8.

[0063] It also includes a control module, a detection module 8 for detecting wastewater parameters in the electrochemical reaction treatment module 7 and the auxiliary treatment module 6, a control module for controlling the opening and closing of the check valve and the water pump, and a detection module 8 for transmitting the collected parameter information to the control module in real time. The control module is used to control the electrochemical reaction treatment module 7 or the auxiliary treatment module 6 to automatically adjust the various control parameters in real time.

[0064] The detection module is used to detect the real-time parameters of the wastewater in the electrochemical reaction treatment module, and transmit the collected parameters to the parameters set in the control module for real-time comparison. Based on the system settings, real-time feedback adjustment and control are automatically formed, and the auxiliary treatment module is controlled to participate in the real-time adjustment and treatment of the electrochemical reaction process.

[0065] Each electrochemical treatment unit's auxiliary treatment module includes automatic adjustments to the set values ​​based on the current wastewater parameters, i.e., pretreatment, before the electrochemical reaction proceeds. This ensures a better-suited environment for the electrochemical reaction of the unit's designated removal substances, making the target more clearly defined.

[0066] Pretreatment, also known as adaptation treatment, is performed on wastewater before the electrochemical reaction in the electrochemical treatment unit. This process is crucial for achieving the unit's designated removal targets. Like any chemical reaction, electrochemical reactions require specific conditions. If these conditions are met, the reaction proceeds more smoothly, efficiently, and completely, resulting in more stable products, lower costs, and less damage to equipment. Therefore, creating optimal environmental conditions for the electrochemical reaction is extremely important. Pre-adjustment parameters include pH, SS (suspended solids), conductivity, catalyst, temperature, auxiliary chemical reactions, viscosity, and surface tension.

[0067] Each electrochemical processing unit can select some parameters for real-time detection during the electrochemical reaction process and compare them with preset values ​​in real time. The parameters can be adjusted in real time through the control module, or the relevant settings of the auxiliary processing module can be activated through the control module for adjustment.

[0068] In electrochemical treatment processes, wastewater parameters and reaction conditions typically fluctuate as the reaction progresses. These fluctuations often deviate from the optimal reaction conditions, hindering the continued reaction. Therefore, real-time monitoring of key parameters and initiation of feedback control are crucial. Parameters monitored in real-time include pH, conductivity, COD, color, and temperature. Parameters that can be adjusted via feedback control include power, time, pH, addition of auxiliary reagents, and initiation of cooling. Their important function is to ensure that the unit, while scientifically, rationally, and stably removing its target pollutants, achieves high efficiency, avoids undertreatment or overtreatment, and maintains precise control. Therefore, the proper design of real-time monitoring and feedback control is an extremely important part of the electrochemical treatment unit, a necessary guarantee for simultaneously satisfying reliability, stability, and economy.

[0069] When the control module receives data from the detection module 8 showing that the parameters detected by the detection module 8 are different from the preset values, the control module controls the electrochemical reaction processing module 7 or the auxiliary processing module 6 to automatically adjust the control parameters in real time.

[0070] When the pollution complexity of the wastewater to be treated is low (such as the wastewater treated by a single unit has reached the set indicators, or the treatment task can be completed in a single electrochemical treatment), the control module controls the one-way valve and water pump on the second inlet pipe 2 and the second outlet pipe 4 to open, and controls the one-way valve and water pump on the first outlet pipe 3 to close, so that multiple electrochemical treatment units 5 are connected in parallel (working in parallel). Or, when the sewage to be treated is highly complex, the control module controls the one-way valves and water pumps on the second inlet pipe 2 and the first outlet pipe 3 to open, and controls the one-way valves and water pumps on the second outlet pipe 4 to close, so that multiple electrochemical treatment units 5 are connected in series.

[0071] In this embodiment, when operating in parallel mode, if the electrochemical treatment unit 5 fails to reach the set target within the specified processing time, the control module can set two options: it can send a signal to extend the time and increase the power to make the treatment reach the set value, or it can send a signal to control the one-way valve and water pump on the second water inlet pipe 2 and the first water outlet pipe 3 to open, and control the one-way valve and water pump on the second water outlet pipe 4 to close, switching to the series operation mode of the treatment unit.

[0072] In this invention, multiple electrochemical processing units 5 can be selected to operate in parallel or series mode, which can be determined by human settings.

[0073] In this embodiment, the specific detection instrument or required detection parameters used in the detection module 8 are determined based on the removal target of the current electrochemical treatment unit 5 or unit group.

[0074] In this embodiment, the parameters collected refer to the parameters of the relevant indicators that the current wastewater meets the treatment target set by the current electrochemical reaction treatment module 7 or auxiliary treatment module 6.

[0075] Wastewater electrochemical treatment methods adapted to various wastewater types are applied to the wastewater electrochemical treatment system described above, such as... Figure 5 As shown, it includes the following steps: When the complexity of the sewage pollution to be treated is low, a parallel treatment mode is adopted; When the sewage to be treated is highly complex, a series treatment mode or a series-parallel treatment mode can be adopted. In the series mode, each electrochemical treatment unit 5 is designed to create corresponding optimal conditions to treat one or more pollutants in the sewage. Multiple independent electrochemical treatment units 5 can be connected in parallel, series, or series-parallel modes depending on the pollution level of the wastewater being treated. When each electrochemical treatment unit 5 is treating wastewater, the current wastewater parameters are collected in real time, and the electrochemical treatment parameters adapted to the current treatment target are dynamically set to avoid overtreatment or undertreatment caused by fluctuations in wastewater composition.

[0076] Specifically, the system will collect various parameters of the current wastewater in real time to ensure that it meets the treatment target set by the current electrochemical treatment unit 5. Based on the collected wastewater parameters, the system will provide real-time feedback on the current wastewater status and thus independently set the corresponding control parameters of the electrochemical treatment unit 5.

[0077] In this embodiment, the corresponding processing parameters of the set target can be collected and detected in real time, and the detected parameters can be compared with the set index of the current electrochemical processing unit 5, thereby realizing feedback control of processing time and processing power adjustment.

[0078] In this embodiment, when the complexity of the sewage pollution to be treated is high, an auxiliary treatment module 6 can be added as needed.

[0079] Specifically, when the complexity of the sewage pollution to be treated is low, the one-way valve and water pump on the second inlet pipe 2 and the second outlet pipe 4 are opened by the control module, the one-way valve on the first outlet pipe 3 is closed, the water pump on the first outlet pipe 3 is closed, multiple electrochemical treatment units 5 are connected in parallel, and the pretreatment unit, electrochemical treatment unit 5 and sewage tank are connected in sequence to form a sewage treatment pipeline. The sewage flows through the pretreatment unit and then simultaneously through each electrochemical treatment unit 5, and then flows through each electrochemical treatment unit 5 to the drainage tank 9 to complete the sewage treatment. Or, when the sewage to be treated is highly complex, the control module controls the one-way valves and water pumps on the second inlet pipe 2 and the first outlet pipe 3 to open, controls the one-way valve on the second outlet pipe 4 to close, controls the water pump on the second outlet pipe 4 to close, and controls multiple electrochemical treatment units 5 to connect in series. The pretreatment unit, multiple electrochemical treatment units 5, and sewage tank are connected in sequence to form a sewage treatment pipeline. The sewage flows through the pretreatment unit and then through each electrochemical treatment unit 5 in sequence, and then through the drainage tank 9 to complete the sewage treatment.

[0080] The following examples illustrate different types of wastewater: Case 1 Taking the treatment of leachate from a landfill as an example, the following is a detailed explanation: In this case, the wastewater electrochemical treatment system is applied to complex landfill leachate. During treatment, a series treatment mode is adopted. In the electrochemical treatment unit, the wastewater to be treated is first pretreated. Specifically, solid pollutants in the wastewater to be treated are removed by flocculants. The pretreated wastewater adjusts the SS concentration and pH parameters of the wastewater to be treated so that the wastewater is adapted to the environmental requirements of the electrochemical reaction of the corresponding electrochemical treatment unit before the electrochemical reaction is carried out.

[0081] It includes three electrochemical processing units 5, namely the first electrochemical processing unit, the second electrochemical processing unit, and the third electrochemical processing unit, which are selected in series processing mode; The first electrochemical processing unit includes a first auxiliary processing module 6, a first electrochemical reaction processing module 7, and a first detection module 8; the second electrochemical processing unit includes a second auxiliary processing module 6, a second electrochemical reaction processing module 7, and a second detection module 8; and the third electrochemical processing unit includes a third auxiliary processing module 6, a third electrochemical reaction processing module 7, and a third detection module 8.

[0082] The wastewater to be treated first enters the first electrochemical treatment unit after passing through the pretreatment unit. Specifically, flocculants are added to the first auxiliary treatment module 6 to remove solid pollutants from the wastewater, resulting in solid-liquid separation. Acidic or alkaline substances are added. The first detection module 8 detects the solids concentration (SS) and pH parameters of the wastewater to be treated in the first auxiliary treatment module 6 and transmits the detected SS and pH parameter information to the control module. When the control module receives the SS and pH parameter information of the wastewater to be treated in the first auxiliary treatment module 6 and finds that they are different from the corresponding preset values, the control module controls the one-way valve and water pump between the first auxiliary treatment unit 6 and the first electrochemical reaction treatment module 7 to remain closed. When the SS and pH parameter information received by the control module are the same as the corresponding preset values, that is, when the SS concentration drops to less than 30 mg / L and the pH of the liquid in the wastewater to be treated is between 6 and 8, the control module controls the one-way valve and water pump between the first auxiliary treatment module 6 and the first electrochemical reaction treatment module 7 to open, and the wastewater to be treated in the first auxiliary treatment module 6 flows into the first electrochemical reaction treatment module 7.

[0083] In the first electrochemical reaction treatment module 7, the main purpose is to remove COD. The first detection module 8 detects the concentration parameters of COD, NH4, and TN in the wastewater to be treated in the first electrochemical reaction treatment module 7 and transmits the detected COD, NH4, and TN concentration parameter information to the control module. When the COD, NH4, and TN concentration parameter information received by the control module differs from the corresponding preset values, the control module automatically adjusts the various control parameters in the first electrochemical reaction treatment module 7 in real time. Among them, the current density is 0.06 A / cm³. 2 After electrolysis for 10 minutes, when the COD, NH4, and TN concentration parameters received by the control module are the same as the corresponding preset values, that is, when COD drops to 350 mg / L, NH4 to 450-550 mg / L, and TN to 750-850 mg / L, the control module controls the opening and closing of the corresponding check valves and water pumps.

[0084] The wastewater to be treated enters the second electrochemical treatment unit. Specifically, the second detection module 8 detects the pH parameter of the wastewater to be treated in the second auxiliary treatment module 6 and transmits the detected pH parameter information to the control module. When the control module receives the pH parameter information of the wastewater to be treated in the second auxiliary treatment module 6, which is different from the corresponding preset value, the control module controls the one-way valve and water pump between the second auxiliary treatment unit 6 and the second electrochemical reaction treatment module 7 to remain closed. When the pH parameter information received by the control module is the same as the corresponding preset value, that is, when the pH is 2.5-3, the control module controls the one-way valve and water pump between the second auxiliary treatment module 6 and the second electrochemical reaction treatment module 7 to open, and the wastewater to be treated in the second auxiliary treatment module 6 flows into the second electrochemical reaction treatment module 7.

[0085] In the second electrochemical reaction treatment module 7, the main purpose is to remove NH4. The second detection module 8 detects the concentration parameters of COD, NH4, and TN in the wastewater to be treated in the second electrochemical reaction treatment module 7 and transmits the detected COD, NH4, and TN concentration parameter information to the control module. When the COD, NH4, and TN concentration parameter information received by the control module differs from the corresponding preset values, the control module automatically adjusts the various control parameters in the second electrochemical reaction treatment module 7 in real time. Among them, the current density is 0.04 A / cm³. 2 After electrolysis for about 5 minutes, when the COD, NH4, and TN concentration parameters received by the control module are the same as the corresponding preset values, that is, when COD drops to 150 mg / L, NH4 to 40-45 mg / L, and TN to 350-450 mg / L, the control module controls the opening and closing of the corresponding check valves and water pumps.

[0086] The wastewater to be treated enters the third electrochemical treatment unit. Specifically, the third detection module 8 detects the pH parameter of the wastewater to be treated in the third auxiliary treatment module 6 and transmits the detected pH parameter information to the control module. When the control module receives the pH parameter information of the wastewater to be treated in the third auxiliary treatment module 6, which is different from the corresponding preset value, the control module controls the one-way valve and water pump between the third auxiliary treatment unit 6 and the third electrochemical reaction treatment module 7 to remain closed. When the pH parameter information received by the control module is the same as the corresponding preset value, that is, when the pH reaches 9, the control module controls the one-way valve and water pump between the third auxiliary treatment module 6 and the third electrochemical reaction treatment module 7 to open, and the wastewater to be treated in the third auxiliary treatment module 6 flows into the third electrochemical reaction treatment module 7.

[0087] In the third electrochemical reaction treatment module 7, the main purpose is to remove TN. The third detection module 8 detects the COD concentration, NH4 concentration, TN concentration, and pH parameter in the wastewater to be treated in the third electrochemical reaction treatment module 7, and transmits the detected COD concentration, NH4 concentration, TN concentration, and pH parameter information to the control module. When the COD concentration, NH4 concentration, TN concentration, and pH parameter information received by the control module differs from the corresponding preset values, the control module automatically adjusts the various control parameters in the third electrochemical reaction treatment module 7 in real time, where the current density is 0.03 A / cm³. 2 After electrolysis for about 3-5 minutes, when the COD concentration, NH4 concentration, TN concentration, and pH parameter information received by the control module are the same as the corresponding preset values, that is, when COD drops to 30mg / L, NH4 to 10-25mg / L, TN to 30-40mg / L, and pH returns to 6-9, the control module controls the corresponding one-way valve and water pump to open, and the treated sewage flows into the drainage tank 9 through the second outlet pipe 4, thus completing the sewage treatment.

[0088] In this case, three independent electrochemical treatment units can each complete their respective set target tasks independently. Based on the complexity of the wastewater, the three independent electrochemical treatment units are connected in series. The auxiliary treatment module adjusts the current wastewater to create the best reaction conditions for the electrochemical reaction in the corresponding electrochemical reaction treatment module. The detection module can obtain the current wastewater treatment status in real time and transmit the current data information to the control module to implement the corresponding real-time adjustment and control of the electrochemical reaction process.

[0089] Case 2 Taking the wastewater discharge from steel pipe manufacturing enterprises as an example, the following explanation is provided: In this case, the wastewater electrochemical treatment system is applied to highly complex discharged wastewater. During treatment, a series treatment mode is adopted. In the electrochemical treatment unit, the wastewater to be treated is first pretreated. Specifically, the wastewater is treated by removing fluorine, adding flocculants, adding acidic or alkaline substances, and adjusting the pH parameters to make the wastewater to be treated suitable for the environmental requirements of the electrochemical reaction of the corresponding electrochemical treatment unit before the electrochemical reaction is carried out.

[0090] It includes two electrochemical processing units 5, namely the first electrochemical processing unit and the second electrochemical processing unit, which are selected in series processing mode.

[0091] The first electrochemical processing unit includes a first auxiliary processing module 6, a first electrochemical reaction processing module 7, and a first detection module 8. The second electrochemical processing unit includes a second auxiliary processing module 6, a second electrochemical reaction processing module 7, and a second detection module 8.

[0092] The raw water composition includes a large amount of suspended solids, fluoride 25mg / L, heavy metals Ni 2-5mg / L, Cr+ 62-6mg / L, COD 2500mg / L, TN 50-70mg / L, and wastewater contains small amounts of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, with a pH of 2-2.5.

[0093] The wastewater to be treated first enters the first electrochemical treatment unit after the pretreatment unit. Specifically, the main purpose of the first auxiliary treatment module 6 is to remove fluorine (F) element. CaO is added to the first auxiliary treatment module 6. CaO reacts with the wastewater to be treated in the first auxiliary treatment module 6 to form CaF2. Calcium oxide (CaO) dissolves in water to form calcium hydroxide. This process increases the pH value of the raw water and releases a large amount of Ca2+ ions. Ca2+ combines with F⁻ to form calcium fluoride (CaF2) precipitate. The solubility of calcium fluoride is extremely low (Ksp≈3.45×10⁻¹¹). Therefore, when the product of the concentrations of Ca2+ and F⁻ in the solution exceeds its solubility product, fluoride ions will be removed from the water in the form of precipitation. Flocculants, acidic or alkaline substances are added to separate the reaction precipitates in the liquid. Inorganic flocculants are suitable for water bodies with a pH of 5-7. They hydrolyze to generate charged colloidal particles and play a role. Acidic conditions... Under these conditions, Cr6+ is more easily reduced. In preparation for Cr6+ removal, the first detection module 8 detects the F element and pH parameters of the wastewater to be treated in the first auxiliary treatment module 6 and transmits the detected F element and pH parameter information to the control module. When the control module receives the F element and pH parameter information of the wastewater to be treated in the first auxiliary treatment module 6, which are different from the corresponding preset values, the control module controls the one-way valve and water pump between the first auxiliary treatment module 6 and the first electrochemical reaction treatment module 7 to remain closed. When the F element and pH parameter information received by the control module are the same as the corresponding preset values, that is, when the F element reaches 0.01 mg / L and the pH reaches 5-6, the control module controls the one-way valve and water pump between the first auxiliary treatment module 6 and the first electrochemical reaction treatment module 7 to open, and the wastewater to be treated in the first auxiliary treatment module 6 flows into the first electrochemical reaction treatment module 7.

[0094] In the first electrochemical reaction treatment module 7, the main purpose is to remove Cr6+. The first detection module 8 detects the concentration parameters of Cr6+, COD, and TN in the wastewater to be treated in the first electrochemical reaction treatment module 7, and transmits the detected Cr6+, COD, and TN concentration parameter information to the control module. When the Cr6+, COD, and TN concentration parameter information received by the control module differs from the corresponding preset values, the control module automatically adjusts the various control parameters in the first electrochemical reaction treatment module 7 in real time. Among them, the electrode material is iron plate, and the current density is 0.035A / cm². 2 After electrolysis for 3-6 minutes, when the Cr+6, COD, and TN concentration parameters received by the control module are the same as the corresponding preset values, that is, when Cr+6 drops below 0.01 mg / L, COD drops to 1500 mg / L, and TN is 45-50 mg / L, the control module controls the opening and closing of the corresponding check valves and water pumps.

[0095] The wastewater to be treated enters the second electrochemical treatment unit. Specifically, in the second auxiliary treatment module 6, the solids precipitated from the reaction are removed by ultrafiltration, and acidic or alkaline substances are added. The second detection module 8 detects the pH parameter of the wastewater to be treated in the second auxiliary treatment module 6 and transmits the detected pH parameter information to the control module. When the pH parameter information received by the control module is different from the corresponding preset value, the control module controls the one-way valve and water pump between the second auxiliary treatment unit 6 and the second electrochemical reaction treatment module 7 to remain closed. When the pH parameter information received by the control module is the same as the corresponding preset value, that is, when the pH is 9 (adjusting the solution pH)... When the solution becomes alkaline, nickel hydroxide is generated, total nitrogen decomposes into nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide or nitrogen gas, and Fe3+ and Cr3+ respectively form hydroxide precipitates. After dehydration and oxidation, the precipitates may form stable compounds such as Cr(OH)3, achieving the harmless fixation of heavy metals. The control module controls the opening of the one-way valve and water pump between the second auxiliary treatment module 6 and the second electrochemical reaction treatment module 7, and the wastewater to be treated in the second auxiliary treatment module 6 flows into the second electrochemical reaction treatment module 7.

[0096] In the second electrochemical reaction treatment module 7, the main purpose is to remove COD, Ni, and TN. The second detection module 8 detects the concentration parameters of fluoride, heavy metals Ni, Cr+, COD, and TN in the wastewater to be treated in the second electrochemical reaction treatment module 7, as well as the pH parameter. This information is transmitted to the control module. When the received concentration parameters of fluoride, heavy metals Ni, Cr+, COD, and TN, as well as the pH parameter, differ from their respective preset values, the control module automatically adjusts the control parameters in the second electrochemical reaction treatment module 7 in real time. The electrode plate is made of Ti-based material, and the current density is 0.06 A / cm². 2 Electrolysis for 6-10 minutes can improve electrolysis stability, prevent passivation, and increase electrolysis efficiency. When the concentration parameters of fluoride, heavy metals Ni, Cr+, COD, TN, and pH received by the control module are the same as the corresponding preset values, the control module controls the corresponding one-way valve and water pump to open, allowing the treated wastewater to flow into the drainage tank 9 through the second outlet pipe 4, thus completing the wastewater treatment.

[0097] In this case, two independent electrochemical treatment units can each independently complete their respective target tasks. Different electrochemical units can be set with different treatment parameters and different electrode plates. Depending on the complexity of the wastewater, the two independent electrochemical treatment units are connected in series. The auxiliary treatment module adjusts the current wastewater to create the best reaction conditions for the electrochemical reaction in the corresponding electrochemical reaction treatment module. The detection module can obtain the current wastewater treatment status in real time and transmit the current data information to the control module to implement the corresponding real-time adjustment and control of the electrochemical reaction process.

[0098] Case 3 Taking the treatment of industrial circulating water as an example, the following is a detailed explanation: Select parallel treatment mode; the composition of the circulating water changes due to evaporation, with hardness of 500-800 (exceeding the standard), phosphorus of about 0.1-0.3 mg / L (exceeding the standard), and BOD of 20-80 mg / L (due to bacterial and microbial growth).

[0099] The circulating water flows through the pretreatment unit and the first inlet pipe 1, and simultaneously into the corresponding second inlet pipes 2. Through multiple second inlet pipes 2, it flows simultaneously into the electrochemical reaction module 7 within the corresponding electrochemical treatment unit 5. The second detection module 8 detects the hardness, phosphorus concentration, and BOD concentration parameters of the wastewater to be treated in the second electrochemical reaction module 7, and transmits this information to the control module. When the hardness, phosphorus concentration, and BOD concentration parameters received by the control module differ from their respective preset values, the control module automatically adjusts the control parameters in the second electrochemical reaction module 7 in real time. The current density is 0.04 A / cm³. 2 The process takes 3-5 minutes with strong circulation. When the hardness, phosphorus concentration, and BOD concentration parameters received by the control module are the same as the corresponding preset values, that is, when the hardness drops to 300-400 (caOH and MgOH solids are precipitated by electrolysis), the phosphorus drops to 0.01-0.05 mg / L, and the BOD drops to 0.01 mg / L, the control module controls the corresponding one-way valve and water pump to open, allowing the treated wastewater to flow into the drainage tank 9 through the second outlet pipe 4, thus completing the wastewater treatment.

[0100] In this case, the electrochemical treatment units are connected in parallel, which can flexibly cope with large fluctuations in the amount of wastewater to be treated.

[0101] Case 4 Taking the sewage flowing into a river through a side drain pipe as an example, the following explanation is provided: It includes three electrochemical processing units 5, which are selected in series processing mode, namely the first electrochemical processing unit, the second electrochemical processing unit, and the third electrochemical processing unit.

[0102] The first electrochemical processing unit includes a first auxiliary processing module 6, a first electrochemical reaction processing module 7, and a first detection module 8; the second electrochemical processing unit includes a second auxiliary processing module 6, a second electrochemical reaction processing module 7, and a second detection module 8; and the third electrochemical processing unit includes a third auxiliary processing module 6, a third electrochemical reaction processing module 7, and a third detection module 8.

[0103] In this case, the water in the side drain pipe comes from domestic sewage in a nearby community that has undergone simple biological treatment. It contains a small amount of cutting fluid wastewater discharged from a machinery factory. The raw water indicators are: COD 250-450mg / L, ammonia nitrogen 25-30mg / L, total nitrogen 45-50mg / L, hexavalent chromium 0-0.5mg / L, phosphorus 3-5mg / L, oil content 0.06-0.5%, SS 50mg / L, and light gray color.

[0104] The wastewater to be treated first enters the first electrochemical treatment unit after passing through the pretreatment unit. Specifically, the first detection module 8 detects the concentration parameters of COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, and total nitrogen in the wastewater to be treated in the first electrochemical reaction treatment module 7, and transmits the detected COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, and total nitrogen concentration parameters to the control module. When the COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, and total nitrogen concentration parameters received by the control module differ from the corresponding preset values, the control module automatically adjusts the various control parameters in the first electrochemical reaction treatment module 7 in real time. The electrode plate is a carbon-based electrode, the electrolysis time is 6-10 minutes, and the current density is 0.045 A / cm². 2 When the COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, and total nitrogen concentration parameters received by the control module are the same as the corresponding preset values, that is, when COD drops to 25-40 mg / L, BOD is 0 mg / L, ammonia nitrogen is 12-16 mg / L, and total nitrogen is 18-25 mg / L, the control module controls the corresponding check valves and water pumps to open.

[0105] The wastewater to be treated enters the second electrochemical treatment unit. Specifically, the second detection module 8 detects the concentration parameters of COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and oil in the wastewater to be treated in the second electrochemical reaction treatment module 7, and transmits the detected COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and oil concentration parameters to the control module. When the COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and oil concentration parameters received by the control module differ from the corresponding preset values, the control module automatically adjusts the various control parameters in the second electrochemical reaction treatment module 7 in real time. Among these parameters, iron plates are selected as the electrode plates, the electrolysis time is 6 minutes, and the current density is 0.025-0.03 A / cm³. 2When the COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and oil concentration parameters received by the control module are the same as the corresponding preset values, that is, when COD drops to 5-15 mg / L, BOD is 0 mg / L, ammonia nitrogen is 5-12 mg / L, total nitrogen is 8-15 mg / L, phosphorus is 0.01-0.03 mg / L, and oil is 0.01 mg / L, the control module controls the corresponding check valve and water pump to open.

[0106] The wastewater to be treated enters the third electrochemical treatment unit. Specifically, the third detection module 8 detects the pH parameter in the wastewater in the third electrochemical reaction treatment module 7 and transmits the detected pH parameter information to the control module. When the pH parameter information received by the control module differs from the corresponding preset value, the control module automatically adjusts various control parameters in the third electrochemical reaction treatment module 7 in real time. The electrode plate is an aluminum plate, the electrolysis time is 2-3 minutes, and the current density is 0.025 A / cm². 2 The wastewater to be treated produces aluminum gel in the third electrochemical reaction treatment module 7, giving the wastewater its own flocculation ability. The wastewater undergoes solid-liquid separation by settling on its own in the third electrochemical reaction treatment module 7, without the need to add coagulant or flocculant. When the pH parameter information received by the control module is the same as the corresponding preset value, that is, when the pH is 6-9, the control module controls the corresponding one-way valve and water pump to open, and the wastewater is discharged through the second outlet pipe 4.

[0107] When treating highly complex wastewater, multiple electrochemical treatment units are connected in series. First, the main pollutants are classified and grouped, then sequentially allocated to each unit in the series configuration. Each electrochemical treatment unit is individually configured with optimal treatment conditions (e.g., current density, electrolyte pH, electrode type, electrode spacing, detection indicators, and coupling technology assistance) to eliminate interference factors. Each electrochemical treatment unit treats only its assigned pollutants, making control parameters relatively simple and easy to implement, facilitating precise control and significantly reducing operational complexity. Furthermore, the electrochemical reaction products of each electrochemical treatment unit differ, and reaction products from one unit may sometimes adversely affect the electrochemical reactions in the next. This invention can remove these reaction products using auxiliary technologies such as precipitation or filtration within the corresponding electrochemical treatment unit, preventing potential impacts on subsequent units.

[0108] Specifically, the auxiliary treatment module adjusts the current wastewater to create optimal reaction conditions for the electrochemical reaction in the corresponding electrochemical reaction treatment module. The detection module detects the real-time parameters of the wastewater in the electrochemical reaction treatment module and transmits the collected parameters to the parameters set in the control module for real-time comparison. This allows for automatic real-time feedback adjustment and control based on the system settings. Different electrochemical units can be configured with different treatment parameters and different electrode plates.

[0109] In the above case, each electrochemical processing unit can be set with independent task indicators, real-time detection, and corresponding automatic feedback control. If the real-time detection indicator meets the task indicator, or fails to meet the target, the electrochemical processing unit will automatically increase the power or extend the time to complete the task indicator set by the electrochemical processing unit. It avoids under-processing and over-processing, and ensures that each electrochemical processing unit can stably remove its target substance.

[0110] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A wastewater electrochemical treatment system adaptable to multiple types of wastewater, characterized in that: It includes multiple independent electrochemical treatment units. Depending on the diversity and complexity of the pollutant components in the wastewater to be treated, the multiple electrochemical treatment units can be connected in parallel, series, or series-parallel modes to adapt to the electrochemical treatment of various types of wastewater.

2. The wastewater electrochemical treatment system adaptable to multiple types of wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the complexity of the wastewater pollution is low, multiple electrochemical treatment units are connected in parallel. When the pollution complexity of the wastewater to be treated is high, multiple electrochemical treatment units can be connected in series or in parallel.

3. The wastewater electrochemical treatment system adaptable to multiple types of wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: In series or series-parallel treatment modes, each electrochemical treatment unit is specifically designed to treat one or more pollutants in the wastewater to be treated.

4. The wastewater electrochemical treatment system adapted to multiple types of wastewater according to claim 2, characterized in that: When applied to small-scale and pilot-scale tests, and to low-complexity domestic wastewater treatment processes, industrial wastewater treatment processes, and agricultural wastewater treatment processes, multiple electrochemical treatment units adopt a parallel treatment mode. When applied to high-complexity, highly polluted industrial wastewater treatment processes, special industry wastewater treatment processes, extremely polluted wastewater treatment processes, and emerging industry polluted wastewater treatment processes, multiple electrochemical treatment units can adopt a series or series-parallel treatment mode.

5. The wastewater electrochemical treatment system adaptable to multiple types of wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the series processing mode, multiple electrochemical processing units are connected in series sequentially. In the series-parallel processing mode, at least two electrochemical processing units can be connected in series to form a series unit group, and then multiple series unit groups can be connected in parallel. Alternatively, at least two electrochemical units can be connected in parallel to form a parallel unit group, and then multiple parallel unit groups can be connected in series.

6. The wastewater electrochemical treatment system adaptable to multiple types of wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: In parallel, series, or series-parallel processing modes, each electrochemical treatment unit can adjust the wastewater parameters to the target value based on the current collected wastewater parameters, so that the wastewater is adapted to the environmental requirements of the electrochemical reaction of the electrochemical treatment unit.

7. The wastewater electrochemical treatment system adaptable to multiple types of wastewater according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple electrochemical treatment units adjust their control parameters in real time according to the current wastewater treatment needs.

8. The wastewater electrochemical treatment system adapted to multiple types of wastewater according to claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a control module. The electrochemical treatment unit includes an electrochemical reaction treatment module, a detection module, and an auxiliary treatment module. The auxiliary treatment module is used to assist in wastewater treatment. The detection module is used to detect the real-time parameters of the wastewater in the electrochemical reaction treatment module. The detection module is used to transmit the collected parameter information to the control module in real time. The control module is used to control the electrochemical reaction treatment module or the auxiliary treatment module to automatically adjust the control parameters in real time. When the control module receives data from the detection module showing that the parameters detected by the detection module are different from the preset values, the control module controls the electrochemical reaction processing module or auxiliary processing module to automatically adjust the control parameters in real time.

9. The wastewater electrochemical treatment system adaptable to multiple types of wastewater according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes a first inlet pipe, multiple second inlet pipes, multiple first outlet pipes, and multiple second outlet pipes. One end of the first inlet pipe is connected to the pretreatment unit, and the other end is connected to multiple second inlet pipes. The multiple second inlet pipes are connected to corresponding electrochemical treatment units. The two ends of the first outlet pipe are connected to two adjacent electrochemical treatment units, and the second outlet pipes are connected to corresponding electrochemical treatment units. Each second inlet pipe, each first outlet pipe, and each second outlet pipe is equipped with a check valve and a water pump. The control module is used to control the opening and closing of multiple check valves and water pumps. When the complexity of the sewage pollution to be treated is low, the control module controls the opening of the check valve and water pump on the second inlet pipe and the second outlet pipe, and controls the closing of the check valve and water pump on the first outlet pipe, so that multiple electrochemical treatment units are connected in parallel. Or, when the sewage to be treated is highly complex, the control module controls the opening of the check valves and water pumps on the second inlet pipe and the first outlet pipe, and controls the closing of the check valves and water pumps on the second outlet pipe, so that multiple electrochemical treatment units are connected in series.

10. A wastewater electrochemical treatment method adaptable to multiple types of wastewater, characterized in that: An electrochemical wastewater treatment system adapted to multiple types of wastewater as described in any one of claims 1-9, comprising the following steps: When the complexity of the sewage pollution to be treated is low, a parallel treatment mode is adopted; When the sewage to be treated is highly complex, a series treatment mode or a series-parallel treatment mode can be adopted. In the series mode, each electrochemical treatment unit is specifically designed to treat one or more pollutants in the sewage. Multiple independent electrochemical treatment units can be connected in parallel, series, or series-parallel modes depending on the pollution level of the wastewater being treated. When each electrochemical treatment unit is treating wastewater, it will collect the current wastewater parameters in real time and dynamically set the electrochemical treatment parameters to adapt to the current treatment target.

Images