Structural members, decking and walls for construction, particularly framed buildings

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of construction, and more specifically to structural members in concrete framing technology for constructing framed houses without the use of cranes. The subject of this invention is a structural member (1) in the form of a column for architecturally constructing, in particular, frame walls of buildings. The structural member comprises: a column (2) in the form of a vertical support beam having a bottom contact surface (2b) on its underside; a head (3) having at least two tongues (6) on its top surface (3b), the tongues having a top contact surface (6a) at the top and generally located at the edge (3c) of the head (3); the head also having at least two grooves (5) having a bottom contact surface (5a) at the bottom, the grooves (5) being generally located at the center of the top surface (3b) of the head, and the shape of each tongue (6) corresponding to the shape of each groove (5). The invention also includes arrangements for constructing walls comprising the structural member (1). The invention further relates to building walls constructed using the structural member (1).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of construction, and more particularly to structural members used in the technology of constructing frame houses from prefabricated (pre-made) structural members, and to systems comprising these structural members and walls constructed from them. Background Technology

[0002] Framed houses have been known in existing technology for a long time. Framed technology refers to the method of constructing walls. In this construction technique, the load-bearing skeleton of the building is first created, and then other building materials (such as bricks or insulation materials) are used to fill the load-bearing skeleton to create complete (non-perforated) walls.

[0003] An advantage of framed houses is the potential for very good wall insulation, as the space within the frame can be filled primarily or solely with insulation material. In masonry buildings with solid load-bearing walls, insulation can only be placed on the exterior or interior of the walls.

[0004] In frame building construction techniques, the building's skeleton is typically formed on-site by assembling smaller prefabricated structural components. This is how timber-framed or metal-framed buildings are constructed.

[0005] The skeleton of a building can also be formed as a monolithic concrete frame. In this technique, the building skeleton is cast in place with concrete using formwork and reinforcements. This construction method is actually not a good substitute for timber or metal frames because the distances between the structural members of a monolithic concrete frame are much greater, which makes it practically impossible to fill such a frame simply with insulation material.

[0006] Timber Frame Technology

[0007] The most popular and well-known type is the timber-framed building. Timber-framed walls are primarily composed of vertical and horizontal timber beams. The vertical structural beams are long and narrow, at least as long as one story of the building (approximately 3-4 meters), and have relatively small cross-sections (50-150 mm in detached houses). The primary task of the vertical beams is to transmit vertical loads. Horizontal beams vary in length (40-60 cm), and the main task of the horizontal members (shorter beams and connectors) is to reinforce the structure by connecting them to the vertical beams. Specially prepared timber is used to produce the frame members. The rigidity of the timber-framed structure is further ensured by attaching sheathings in the form of boards such as OSB or drywall to the frame. Wall structures prepared in this way are filled with insulation, typically mineral wool. Walls made using this technique have many other layers, such as windproof layers, moisture-proof layers, and grilles for installing additional external insulation or facades. Many variations of timber-framed houses are known. These variations include houses in Canada, Scandinavia, and Germany. They differ in their construction methods and wall layer layouts, but the overall structural principles of these building systems are similar.

[0008] Key advantages of timber framing technology:

[0009] -Low building weight

[0010] -Dry construction technology

[0011] - Good wall insulation performance.

[0012] Disadvantages of timber framing technology:

[0013] -The flammability of the structure,

[0014] - The skeleton lacks resistance to moisture and biological hazards (the skeleton is exposed to worms, fungi, etc.).

[0015] - Relatively low durability (maximum 100 years).

[0016] - The implementation is labor-intensive (the wall contains many components and layers).

[0017] - There is a need to obtain high-quality timber, which is limited in many parts of the world.

[0018] - The wall lacks complete airtightness.

[0019] A significant drawback of timber framing technology is the need to protect the timber frame from moisture, given the inherent susceptibility of wood to dampness. This necessitates constructing multiple layers of walls and using more expensive insulation materials, such as mineral wool instead of cheaper polystyrene foam. Furthermore, timber framing technology struggles to achieve the completely airtight walls required for energy efficiency and passive housing. Uncontrolled air escape from the building's interior results in energy loss and increases energy consumption for heating and cooling.

[0020] Metal frame technology

[0021] Metal framing technology is very similar to timber framing technology, except that the building material is corrosion-resistant steel instead of wood. Metal framing eliminates some of the drawbacks of timber framing technology, such as flammability. The main disadvantage is the risk of corrosion in metal structures (especially at joints), and it is difficult to effectively prevent these metal structures from rusting. Metal structures are generally more expensive than timber structures. This makes metal framing technology far less frequently used than timber framing technology.

[0022] Integral concrete frame technology

[0023] In this technology, the building's framework is formed by steel-reinforced cast concrete columns and floor slabs. The advantage of this technology is its high structural strength. The disadvantages of this technology include:

[0024] -The building is extremely heavy.

[0025] - A large amount of steel is needed for reinforcement.

[0026] - A formwork is required during construction.

[0027] - The construction process is complex and requires heavy equipment (e.g., concrete pumps and often cranes).

[0028] -After pouring the concrete, it needs to be irrigated for curing (which requires a lot of water, especially in hot climates, and this is a problem).

[0029] - Due to the large distance between the structural components of the frame, it is necessary to fill the frame with bricks or other building materials.

[0030] Despite its many drawbacks, this technique is still frequently used, especially in countries where structural timber is difficult to obtain, such as in Southern Europe.

[0031] There is currently no method for constructing framed houses using concrete components that can be manually assembled into a structural frame on the construction site without the use of cranes, as is the case in, for example, timber framing techniques.

[0032] Therefore, concrete frame construction technology has not yet developed into a replacement for timber frame technology in terms of construction process and wall performance due to the following technical issues:

[0033] Concrete is relatively brittle, therefore it requires reinforcements (steel) and a minimum thickness to achieve sufficient rigidity.

[0034] Concrete is very heavy (approximately 2.3 tons per cubic meter), and the steel reinforcements increase this weight.

[0035] - Concrete members are difficult to connect to each other on a small contact area (and in framed buildings, the contact area of ​​members is small relative to their size (especially length).

[0036] Due to these issues, a method for constructing concrete-framed houses using precast concrete components (as an alternative to timber framing technology) has not yet been developed. Long vertical beams made of concrete, rather than wood, are thicker and heavier than timber beams. They cannot be moved without a crane. The connection of such beams to other frame members is also very complex due to the smaller contact area of ​​structural members in framing technology.

[0037] Document FR 961163A discloses a column-shaped structural member for constructing a building frame wall in architecture, comprising a column in the form of a vertical support beam having a bottom contact surface on its underside and a head connected to the top of the column, the head being perpendicular to the Z-axis of the column and extending substantially horizontally in at least two opposite directions symmetrical about the column to form at least two side arms, and the head having a top surface above it. Summary of the Invention

[0038] The purpose of this invention is to enable the low-cost and rapid construction of structural walls for buildings, which can have high thermal insulation performance, essential for the construction of energy-saving and passive buildings.

[0039] The object of the present invention is achieved by enabling the rapid construction of frame walls using prefabricated components without the need for a crane, or even by a single person.

[0040] The purpose of this invention is to develop a construction method that eliminates the drawbacks of timber framing technology and endows structural walls with additional desired performance characteristics. Compared to walls used in current timber framing construction techniques, this invention can build cheaper and more insulated walls.

[0041] The purpose of this invention is to provide structural components and wall construction techniques that will allow for the simple and rapid erection and construction of frame walls (including structural walls) using prefabricated structural and insulation components, without the need for cranes (or even by one person).

[0042] The essence of this invention is to solve the problem of efficiently and quickly joining precast concrete components, including those that are lightweight (up to 30 kg) and small in size, in order to create frame structures based on such components.

[0043] This invention allows for easy and rapid insulation of the resulting wall frame, or the application of other desired functional properties, through the use of specially designed insulating bricks that match the wall framework. Furthermore, this invention facilitates the assignment of different functional characteristics to different parts of the wall, which will also promote the construction of smart buildings.

[0044] This invention enables the construction of framed wall structures at low cost around the world, including in places where timber framing technology is not feasible due to a lack of timber.

[0045] A structural member, in the form of a column, used to architecturally construct the frame walls of a building, comprising:

[0046] - A column, which is in the form of a vertical support beam, has a bottom contact surface on its lower side;

[0047] - A head, which is connected to the upper part of the column, the head being perpendicular to the Z-axis of the column and extending generally horizontally in at least two opposite directions symmetrical about the column to form at least two side arms, and the head including an upper surface above.

[0048] The head is characterized in that it has at least two tongues on the top surface of the head, the tongues having a top contact surface at the top and being substantially located at the edge of the head, the head also having at least two grooves having a bottom contact surface at the bottom, the grooves being substantially located at the center of the top surface of the head, and the shape of each tongue corresponding to the shape of each groove.

[0049] Advantageously, the tongue has a right-angled triangular profile, wherein one of the right-angled side surfaces of the tongue is perpendicular to the upper surface of the head.

[0050] Advantageously, the upper contact surface forms a 30° angle with respect to the horizontal plane or the upper surface of the head, and / or the lower contact surface forms a 30° angle with the upper surface of the head, and the head has a lower plane that forms an obtuse angle with the Z-axis of the column, advantageously 120°.

[0051] Advantageously, at least two grooves are connected to each other and form a double groove.

[0052] Advantageously, the thickness of the tongue is approximately equal to the thickness calculated according to the following formula:

[0053]

[0054] Where x is the inclination value of the upper contact surface relative to the column rod.

[0055] y is the width of the structural member.

[0056] G is the thickness of the tongue.

[0057] Advantageously, the two tongues extend beyond the edge of the head, or do not extend beyond the edge of the head, or do not contact the edge of the head.

[0058] Advantageously, the column is generally cuboid, cubic, or cylindrical in shape, and advantageously has additional holes suitable for placing components therein, and / or the side surfaces of the column form an arc together with the lower surface of the head.

[0059] Advantageously, the structural member has the following dimensions: a maximum width of 40 cm, a maximum height of 40 cm, a maximum thickness of 20 cm, and a maximum weight of 30 kg, and is made of concrete, plaster, ceramic, polymer, or composite material.

[0060] Advantageously, it is constructed from two structural members connected by a bottom contact surface to form a columnar member with two heads, which are advantageously shaped into an arch.

[0061] Advantageously, it has more than two tongues and more than two grooves, and replicates structural components in any direction.

[0062] The invention also includes an arrangement for constructing a wall frame for a framed house, comprising at least two structural members configured to be vertically and horizontally aligned with each other. Advantageously, the arrangement further includes structural or insulating portions configured to be placed in the form of insulating bricks in the hollow space between the structural members. The insulating bricks are advantageously in a substantially hexagonal, regular hexagonal, circular, or elliptical shape and are advantageously made of an insulating material, such as polystyrene foam.

[0063] The present invention also includes a house frame wall, characterized in that it comprises at least two structural members, the structural members being horizontally connected to each other via the right-angled side surface of the tongue, and vertically connected to each other via the upper surface of the head and a lower contact surface connected to the upper contact surface.

[0064] Advantageously, it includes structural members, and / or system lintels, side members and vertical beams, which are advantageously arranged between the starting member and the ending member.

[0065] Advantageously, the joints of the structural members are reinforced using adhesives and / or reinforcing members and / or assembly members.

[0066] Advantageously, it additionally includes structural or insulating portions in the form of insulating bricks, which are advantageously configured as the final facade components of the building.

[0067] Beneficial effects of the present invention

[0068] 1. The subject matter of the present invention allows for the rapid and efficient construction of building skeleton structures made of prefabricated components (advantageously concrete) without the use of additional supports, formwork, or cranes. Even a single person can construct the described structures.

[0069] 2. The proposed method allows for the rapid and easy assembly of system components into rigid and stable larger structures. Additional horizontal and vertical stiffeners can be added if needed, further increasing the strength of the created skeleton.

[0070] 3. The proposed invention enables the rapid and easy insulation of the resulting structure using this technology to create an airtight wall with a very low heat transfer coefficient. Such a wall is important for constructing energy-efficient and passive buildings.

[0071] 4. Thanks to its self-supporting frame structure, this invention allows for easy construction of walls from the bottom up by building successive layers of the frame. Unlike timber framing techniques, the proposed construction method does not require structural beams or corners to be perpendicular, making it possible for even one person to build the frame.

[0072] 5. The shape of the system's structural components allows them to clamp themselves together with the frame components under the influence of gravity, which reduces the risk of errors during construction.

[0073] 6. The structural components included in this invention fit together, eliminating the need for on-site cutting. This saves time and labor and minimizes waste.

[0074] 7. The structural framework obtained by this invention has a regular and repeatable shape. It includes openings of the same size throughout the entire wall. Dividing the wall into smaller, regular spaces allows for the standardization of the size of the insulation components (or other building materials) to be used to fill the framework. This makes it easy and quick to fill the frame with them.

[0075] 8. The repeated arrangement of gaps in the framework makes it easy to assign different performance characteristics to different parts of the wall. The part of the wall near the ground can be filled with moisture-proof and heat-insulating bricks, and the upper part can be filled with heat-insulating material that allows water vapor to pass through.

[0076] 9. The structural framework formed by this invention (advantageously made of concrete components) is more durable than alternative construction methods (i.e., timber and metal frame walls). Concrete is a non-flammable, non-corrosive material, is not susceptible to biological hazards, and has greater durability than timber and steel.

[0077] 10. The result of using concrete as a prefabricated component of the structural frame is lower construction costs because concrete is cheaper as a raw material than steel and wood, and is available worldwide.

[0078] 11. This invention solves the technical problem of joining smaller concrete components into a larger frame, thus making it possible to construct structural frames using concrete components. The contact (bonding) area of ​​the structural components to which this invention is the subject is comparable to the bonding area of ​​bricks in masonry buildings, although the resulting structure is in fact a skeletal structure. This is due to the proper design of the bonding method and the appropriate shape of the skeletal components. Attached Figure Description

[0079] Figure 1 The structural components are shown in an isometric view.

[0080] Figure 2 The inverted structural member is shown in an isometric view.

[0081] Figure 3 A structural member with holes for reinforcement is shown in an isometric view.

[0082] Figure 4 The layout of the structural components arranged horizontally side by side is shown.

[0083] Figure 5 The arrangement of structural members aligned horizontally and vertically is shown.

[0084] Figure 6 The layout of structural components arranged side by side, both horizontally and vertically, is shown.

[0085] Figure 7 The wall is shown as being formed by structural components.

[0086] Figure 8 A wall formed by structural components of the second embodiment is shown.

[0087] Figure 9 The cross-section of the structural member is shown.

[0088] Figure 10 A cross-section through the wall is shown, illustrating the transmitted force.

[0089] Figure 11 The image shows a wall formed by structural members, with hollow openings forming circles.

[0090] Figure 12 A wall frame with a door opening is shown.

[0091] Figure 13 Insulating bricks are shown.

[0092] Figure 14 The image shows a partially insulated brickwork wall frame as seen from the outside of the building.

[0093] Figure 15 The image shows a wall frame partially filled with insulating bricks, as seen from the inside of the building.

[0094] Figure 16 The comparison of the contact surfaces of the tongue at different angles is shown.

[0095] Figure 17 A comparison of the contact surfaces of various traditional building materials is shown.

[0096] Figure 18 The starting or ending component is shown in an isometric view.

[0097] Figure 19 The starting or ending component is shown from below in an isometric view.

[0098] Figure 20 The side member is shown in an isometric view.

[0099] Figure 21 The vertical beam is shown in an isometric view. Detailed Implementation

[0100] The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the reference numerals therein. The invention herein relates to (among others) Figure 1 The structural member 1 shown is used to construct a frame structure made of precast components (advantageously made of concrete) without the need for additional supports, formwork, or cranes. Thanks to the following design, smaller structural members 1 can be easily connected to form a larger structure, namely a rigid and stable wall, which, among other things, utilizes principles of physics (architecture) involving the transfer of forces through architectural (structural) columns and arches. Figure 10 The contact surfaces (joint forces) of structural member 1 are comparable to those found in masonry buildings, providing the frame with high stiffness. This is because each structural member 1 transmits forces from its own Z-axis to the two Z-axis of the other two structural members 1, while simultaneously receiving forces from the two Z-axis of the other two structural members through grooves 5 on its own Z-axis. This mutual transmission of forces is made possible by the large contact surfaces of the members, which simultaneously ensure that they are firmly and stably connected.

[0101] An embodiment of the present invention is a column-shaped structural member 1, which is intended to construct the frame walls of a building. The column-shaped structural member 1 includes a column 2 and a head 3.

[0102] Components for constructing the object of this invention, such as Figure 1-5As shown. Column 2 is in the form of an elongated vertical beam, with a bottom contact surface 2b on its free lower side. In this example, column 2 is substantially cuboid in shape; in other embodiments, its shape may be substantially cubic or cylindrical. Column 2 has a Z-axis, as... Figure 1 As shown, the Z-axis marks the center of symmetry of column 2.

[0103] The height of column 2 can vary, but its height (including the height of head 3) cannot exceed the total width of structural member 1, because structural member 1 must be stable when the structure is assembled. In this example, the total width should be understood as the maximum dimension of the entire structural member 1 in the direction perpendicular to the Z-axis.

[0104] The head 3 is permanently connected to the top of the column 2 and forms a rigid unit with it, thus forming a column.

[0105] The head 3 extends symmetrically about the column 2, approximately horizontally (approximately perpendicular to the Z-axis), in at least two opposite directions to form two side arms, which are internally connected to the construction of a tensile-strengthened structural (architectural) arch, such as... Figure 10 As shown. In Figure 1 As can be seen, the structural members inscribed within the (architectural) arch are two tongues 6 and a groove 5. The arch is tensile-strengthened by the upper part 3b of the head, the top surface 3b of which also constitutes the only generally horizontal member of the head structure. The head 3, with its top surface 3b (advantageously including the tongues, groove, top surface 3b, and surface 3a), not only serves to strengthen the arch in the tensile direction but also provides stability, making it easy for the structural members 1 to be stacked on top of each other. If desired, the top surface 3b of the head can also serve as a base for additional reinforcements (stiffeners) for horizontally mounting walls.

[0106] The head 3 has at least two tongues 6 on the top surface 3b of the head, these tongues 6 being symmetrically located on two opposite arms of the head 3 at the ends of these arms. The tongues 6 are structural arches located in the crown of the head 3. Figure 10 The tongue 6 is located at the end of the head 3 and is the most vertical part of the head 3. The tongue 6 transmits the force in the skeleton from the Z-axis of structural member 1 to the Z-axis of the next two structural members 1 arranged as another layer of the skeleton. Each tongue 6 has an upper contact surface 6a. The tongue 6 is located at the edge 3c of the head 3, as shown... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown (it fits into the cross-section of the structural arch together with groove 5), Figure 10 ).

[0107] A groove 5 is also provided in the upper part of the head, and the groove 5 has a lower contact surface 5a at the bottom. The groove 5 is positioned symmetrically (centrally) with respect to the post 2 in the upper part of the head 3, located on the upper surface 3b of the head and between the tongue 6. In this embodiment, there are at least two grooves 5 on the upper surface 3b of the head. The shapes of the two tongues 6 correspond to the shapes of the same number of grooves 5, such that the tongues 6 fill the grooves 5. The grooves 6 can be separated from each other (not shown in the figure).

[0108] Advantageously, the grooves 5 are combined into a double groove consisting of two grooves 5. This combination is advantageous because, during assembly, the tongues 6 of adjacent components 1 contact each other with surfaces 6b and transfer loads. The grooves 5 transmit forces from the Z-axis of structural component 1 to the ends of the structural arches of subsequent structural components 1, i.e., the tongues 6. The upper contact surface 6a of the tongues 6 corresponds to the lower contact surface 5a of the grooves 5, as shown... Figure 9 visible.

[0109] In this embodiment, the tongue 6 has a right-angled triangular shape. Those skilled in the art will know that other shapes of the tongue 6, such as rectangular, square, or semi-circular, can be used. The right-angled triangular shape is most ideal. Importantly, the tongue 6 and the groove 5 fit into the cross-section of the structural arch ( Figure 10 In this embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 2 One of the visible right-angled sides 6b is vertical, perpendicular to the top surface 3b of the head, and aligned with the direction determined by the Z-axis. This makes it easier to align with the frame components during installation, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0110] exist Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the example shown, the upper contact surface 6a of the tongue 6 forms a 30° angle with the upper surface 3b of the head (relative to the horizontal plane perpendicular to the Z-axis). The angle is... Figure 9As shown in the diagram, the horizontal plane is defined by the top surface 3b of the head, which is perpendicular to the Z-axis. The horizontal plane is defined as a plane perpendicular to the direction of gravity on or near the surface of the celestial body. This tilt angle ensures minimal weight of structural member 1 and ideal stability of structural member 1 during stacking of successive structural members 1. Ideal stability and stiffness of the structure are achieved when the upper contact surface 6a is tilted at 30° relative to the horizontal plane perpendicular to the Z-axis, because in this arrangement, the contact area of ​​structural member 1 is maximized relative to its total area (mass). Therefore, the structure is most robust. Angles other than 30° (larger and smaller) result in a worse ratio of the contact area of ​​structural member 1 to its total area (mass). Therefore, tilt angles greater than 30° will make member 1 longer in the vertical direction, resulting in reduced stability and increased weight, or increase its weight while keeping the member height constant. In both cases, the ratio of the contact area of ​​structural member 1 to its weight (total mass) deteriorates.

[0111] Figure 16 The table shows a comparison of the contact surfaces (excluding the vertical surfaces) of the tongue 6 of structural member 1 at different tilt angles. These calculations do not consider the vertical contact surface because it does not transmit gravity. At an angle of 30°, structural member 1 has the lowest weight and the largest contact area. Performance deteriorates at larger angles of 45°. Parameters also worsen at smaller angles of 0°. When the angle is 0°, the tongue 6 and groove 5 are completely eliminated, further contributing to the instability of this structural member 1 during installation. The contact surface is the surface of structural member 1 that contacts the surface of subsequent structural members 1 installed on it (excluding the vertical surfaces). The front surface is the surface visible when viewing the installed structural member 1 from the front. The front surface does not include the surface of the tongue because the tongue is not visible when assembled into a skeleton.

[0112] Figure 17 The table shows a comparison of the contact areas of different traditional building materials. Double structural member 1 (2x structural member 1) has a very high contact area to front area ratio. It is second only to traditional flat bricks, which have the best ratio among all building materials because they are the flattest. Furthermore, structural member 1 is the only member in the list with a groove 5 and a tongue 6. The other building materials analyzed have flat surfaces. The table shows that the design of structural member 1 effectively addresses the technical problem of low tangency of structural members in frame structures.

[0113] In an ideal embodiment, the lower contact surface 5a of the groove 5 forms a 30° angle with the upper surface 3b of the head (relative to the horizontal plane). Maintaining the same angle between the groove 5 and the tongue 6 allows the tongue 6 to properly fit into and completely fill the groove 5 during the assembly of the structural component 1, resulting in a structure with higher strength, such as... Figure 5visible. Figure 1 and Figure 2 An embodiment is shown in which the tongue 6 completely fills the groove 5.

[0114] Figure 9 The ideal thickness of the tongue 6 is indicated by the reference numeral G in the attached figure. The ideal thickness of the tongue is calculated using the following formula:

[0115]

[0116] Where x is the inclination value of the upper contact surface 6a relative to the horizontal plane, which is determined by the top surface 3b of the head and is perpendicular to the Z-axis.

[0117] y is the total width of structural member 1.

[0118] In reality, the thickness of the tongue may deviate from the calculated result.

[0119] The ideal thickness of the tongue 6 ensures that the groove 5 is completely filled.

[0120] The ideal thickness of the tongue 6 depends on the overall width of the structural member 1 and the inclination angle of the upper contact surface 6a relative to the Z-axis of the column 2. The larger the width of the structural member 1, the greater the thickness of the tongue 6. The thickness of the tongue 6 is independent of the thickness of the column 2. For the same thickness of the tongue 6, the thickness of the column 2 can be smaller or larger.

[0121] exist Figure 2 In one example of the design, the head 3 has a lower surface 3a that is symmetrical (or symmetrically arranged) about the column 2, forming an obtuse angle with the Z-axis of the column 2, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 Visible. In Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 In one example, the obtuse angle is 120°. Figure 11 In another example of the design, the lower surface 3a of the head 3 forms an arc together with the side surface 2a of the column 2. Figure 11 This design is heavier but also stronger than one with a 120° obtuse angle. Considering the weight of structural member 1 to the ratio of the contact surface, the obtuse angle design is ideal.

[0122] Figure 3 An example is shown where the bottom contact surface 2b has a hole 7, which is adapted to accommodate components that can be used to join the two components 1 together or as additional vertical stiffeners for the skeleton.

[0123] All parts of structural member 1 can be formed from the same material or from a combination of different materials to form a single unit. In different embodiments, when using the same material, the material can be concrete (including reinforced concrete), ceramics, polymers, or composite materials. Currently, concrete is the cheapest material due to its low cost.

[0124] In this embodiment, the dimensions of structural member 1 are advantageously: 40 cm wide, 37 cm high, and 15 cm thick. The height should not exceed the width to ensure stability of structural member 1 during installation. The thickness must ensure stability during installation and be proportional to the width of the member. In a preferred example, the entire structural member 1, made of concrete, weighs less than 15 kg. This weight allows structural member 1 to be moved without the need for cranes or other auxiliary machinery.

[0125] exist Figure 8 In another preferred design example shown in the middle section, structural member 1 is constructed from two structural members 1 connected to each other via the bottom contact surface 2b into a single unit, forming a structural member 1 in the shape of a column with two heads. Figure 10 From the perspective of speed and simplicity in constructing the structural framework, structural member 1 of this shape is ideal.

[0126] This application discloses an arrangement for constructing frame walls in a framed house using structural members 1. This arrangement includes at least two interconnected structural members 1, which are stacked side-by-side on top of each other, such as... Figure 4-8 As shown.

[0127] Structural components 1 are horizontally connected to each other in a direction perpendicular to the Z-axis via contact surfaces, which include the lower contact surface 5a of the groove 5, the upper contact surface 6a of the tongue 6, and the upper surface 3b of the head.

[0128] Structural members 1, arranged horizontally side by side, are attached to and lean against each other using their vertical surfaces 6b.

[0129] Structural component 1 is interconnected via the upper surface 3b of the head and the lower contact surface 5a of the groove 5, with the lower contact surface 5a of the groove 5 contacting the upper contact surface 6a of the tongue 6. The vertical contact surfaces of the component are the right-angle arm surface 6b of the tongue 6, the side surface 6c of the tongue, and the side surface 5b of the groove 5.

[0130] The stacked structural members 1 cause the lower structural members 1 to press against each other. One structural member 1 is laid on top of two horizontally arranged structural members 1 that are adjacent to each other. This position allows the two horizontally arranged structural members 1 to press against each other by properly aligning the tongue 6 with the groove 5. This forms a tightly fitted and stable structure in all directions. Thanks to this structure, according to the preferred embodiment, the members will adhere to each other even without the use of glue or mortar.

[0131] The stacked structural members 1 transfer vertical forces from the Z-axis of one structural member 1 to the Z-axis of the other two structural members 1, such as... Figure 10 As shown.

[0132] In the illustrated embodiment, the structural member 1 connecting to the wall forms a substantially hexagonal, regular hexagonal, circular, or elliptical hollow space between the side surface 2a of the column 2 and the bottom surface 3a of the head 3, such as... Figure 6-8 and Figure 10-11 As can be seen in the image. In another embodiment, the arrangement includes a structural or insulating portion configured to reside within the voids created by the arrangement of the structural members 1 within the structural frame. In other embodiments, the structural or insulating portion of the wall is insulating brick 8, such as... Figure 13 As can be seen, the insulating brick 8 is made of insulating materials such as polystyrene foam.

[0133] Figure 12 A wall using structural member 1 is shown, which is the subject of this invention. In addition to the arrangement of member 1 described above, the wall also includes a starting member 12 and an ending member 13. The starting member 12 and the ending member 13 incorporate some features of the structural member 1 (at least the groove 5 and the tongue 6). In this embodiment, the starting member 12 and the ending member 13 have the same geometry, and... Figure 18 and 19 As can be seen in the image. In other embodiments, the wall includes a system lintel 9, side members 10, and vertical beams 11. Figure 20 An embodiment of the side member 10 is shown, and Figure 21 An embodiment of the vertical beam 11 is shown. Figure 14 This wall, filled with insulating bricks 8, is shown from the exterior of the building. Some openings may be left for ventilation. The exterior of the wall may be covered with a thin layer of facade plaster, or it may be the pre-finished insulating bricks 8, which can also serve as the facade.

[0134] Figure 15 The wall is shown from the inside. The inside of the wall can be finished in any way, such as with plaster on a grid or with drywall. Additional insulation or soundproofing layers can be applied to the wall.

[0135] An additional important feature of the proposed wall construction technology is that the spaces within the structural frame have regular, repeating shapes, which allows the insulating bricks 8 used to fill these spaces to also be of the same size. This speeds up the insulation process for the building and eliminates waste. Furthermore, the insulating bricks 8 can have different insulation and moisture permeability parameters. Depending on the needs, the same wall can be insulated using insulating bricks 8 made of different materials. For example, moisture-proof insulating bricks 8 can be used at the floor level of the wall, while moisture-permeable bricks can be placed at the top. This unique property of the wall, based on the proposed construction method, is unavailable in alternative wall construction systems, including framed wall construction.

Claims

1. A structural member (1) in the form of a column for architecturally constructing the frame walls of a building, said structural member comprising: - Column (2), which is in the form of a vertical support beam, having a bottom contact surface (2b) on the lower side; - A head (3) is connected to the top of the column (2), the head (3) is perpendicular to the Z-axis of the column (2) and extends substantially horizontally in at least two opposite directions symmetrical about the column (2) to form at least two side arms (4), and the head (3) includes a top surface (3b) on top. Its features are, The head (3) has at least two tongues (6) on the top surface (3b) of the head, the tongues having an upper contact surface (6a) at the top and being located approximately at the edge (3c) of the head (3), the head (3) also having at least two grooves (5), the grooves (5) having a lower contact surface (5a) at the bottom, the grooves (5) being located approximately at the center of the top surface (3b) of the head, and the shape of each tongue (6) corresponding to the shape of each groove (5).

2. The structural member (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tongue (6) has a right-angled triangular outline, wherein one of the right-angled side surfaces (6b) of the tongue (6) is perpendicular to the upper surface (3b) of the head.

3. The structural member (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper contact surface (6a) forms a 30° angle with respect to the horizontal plane or the upper surface (3b) of the head, and / or the lower contact surface (5a) forms a 30° angle with the upper surface (3b) of the head, and the head (3) has a lower surface (3a) that forms an obtuse angle with the Z-axis of the column (2).

4. The structural member (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least two grooves (5) are connected to each other and form a double groove.

5. The structural member (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the tongue (6) is approximately equal to the thickness calculated according to the following formula: Where x is the inclination value of the upper contact surface (6a) relative to the column rod (2), y is the total width of the structural member (1). G is the thickness of the tongue (6).

6. The structural member (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two tongues (6) extend beyond the edge of the head (3), or do not extend beyond the edge of the head (3) and do not contact it.

7. The structural member (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The column (2) is generally cuboid, cubic or cylindrical in shape and has an additional hole (7) suitable for placing a component therein, and / or the side surface (2a) of the column (2) forms an arc together with the lower surface (3a) of the head (3).

8. The structural member (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The structural member (1) has the following dimensions: a maximum width of 40 cm, a maximum height of 40 cm, a maximum thickness of 20 cm, and a maximum weight of 30 kg, and is made of concrete, gypsum, ceramic, polymer or composite material.

9. A columnar component, characterized in that, The columnar member is constructed from two structural members (1) according to claim 1, which are connected by a bottom contact surface (2b) to form the columnar member having two heads.

10. An apparatus for constructing a wall frame for a framed house, comprising structural members (1) according to claim 1, the structural members (1) being configured to be vertically and horizontally aligned with each other, the apparatus further comprising structural portions configured to be inserted in the form of insulating bricks (8) into the hollow spaces between the structural members (1), the insulating bricks (8) being substantially hexagonal, circular or elliptical in shape, the insulating bricks (8) being made of insulating material.

11. An apparatus for constructing a wall frame for a framed house, comprising column members according to claim 9, the column members being configured to be vertically and horizontally aligned relative to each other, the apparatus further comprising structural portions configured to be inserted into the hollow space between the column members in the form of insulating bricks (8), the insulating bricks (8) being substantially hexagonal, circular or elliptical in shape, the insulating bricks (8) being made of insulating material.

12. A type of house frame wall, characterized in that, The house frame wall includes a structural member (1) according to claim 1, the structural member (1) being horizontally connected to each other via the right-angle arm surface (6b) of the tongue (6) and vertically connected to each other via the upper surface (3b) of the head and the lower contact surface (5a) connected to the upper contact surface (6a).

13. The house frame wall according to claim 12, characterized in that, The building frame wall includes a structural member (1) according to claim 1, arranged between the starting member (12) and the ending member (13), and / or a system lintel (9), side members (10) and vertical beams (11).

14. The house frame wall according to claim 12, characterized in that, The joints of the structural member (1) are reinforced by adhesives and / or reinforcing members and / or assembly members.

15. A type of house frame wall, characterized in that, The house frame wall includes columnar members according to claim 9, which are horizontally connected to each other via the right-angle arm surface (6b) of the tongue (6) and vertically connected to each other via the upper surface (3b) of the head and the lower contact surface (5a) connected to the upper contact surface (6a).

16. The house frame wall according to claim 15, characterized in that, The building frame wall includes column members according to claim 9, and / or system lintels (9), side members (10) and vertical beams (11) arranged between the starting member (12) and the ending member (13).

17. The house frame wall according to claim 15, characterized in that, The joints of the structural member (1) are reinforced by adhesives and / or reinforcing members and / or assembly members.

18. The house frame wall according to claim 15, characterized in that, The building frame wall additionally includes a structural portion in the form of insulating bricks (8), which is configured as the final facade component of the building.

19. The house frame wall according to claim 16, characterized in that, The building frame wall additionally includes a structural portion in the form of insulating bricks (8), which is configured as the final facade component of the building.

20. The house frame wall according to claim 17, characterized in that, The building frame wall additionally includes a structural portion in the form of insulating bricks (8), which is configured as the final facade component of the building.

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