A convenient experimental apparatus and method for simulating and controlling environmental conditions in wheat breeding

Abstract

This invention provides a convenient experimental apparatus and method for simulating and controlling environmental conditions in wheat breeding. The apparatus includes a climate chamber equipped with a control system that regulates the light, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration within the climate chamber. The climate chamber also contains temperature and humidity sensors, a carbon dioxide sensor, and a light sensor electrically connected to the control system. The control system comprises a light simulation mechanism, a temperature and humidity regulation mechanism, and a carbon dioxide concentration regulation mechanism. The climate chamber also includes a power shaft for driving these mechanisms, with a motor connected to the power shaft. This invention allows for the control of the light simulation mechanism, temperature and humidity regulation mechanism, and carbon dioxide concentration regulation mechanism via the power shaft, enabling the adjustment of light, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration within the climate chamber. This allows for the simulation of climatic characteristics in different regions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of wheat breeding technology, specifically relating to a wheat breeding experimental device and method that facilitates the simulation and control of environmental conditions. Background Technology

[0002] Wheat is a nutritious and economically valuable grain. To obtain high wheat yields, it is necessary to understand the wheat's growing environment and planting conditions.

[0003] Wheat climate chambers can simulate and control environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, light, and carbon dioxide concentration, providing a reproducible and controllable experimental environment for wheat growth and breeding research. This control of environmental conditions can simulate climatic conditions in different regions and seasons, allowing for the study and optimization of wheat growth and development processes under varying environmental conditions. However, existing wheat climate chambers are not suitable for conducting control experiments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a wheat breeding experimental device and method that is convenient for simulating and controlling environmental conditions, in order to address the shortcomings of the prior art. The wheat breeding experimental device can regulate multiple environmental conditions such as light, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, and humidity, making it easy to simulate the climate conditions of different regions and seasons, facilitating control experiments, and providing good results. It can be reused and can be widely applied.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a wheat breeding experimental device for conveniently simulating and controlling environmental conditions, characterized in that it includes a climate chamber, in which a control system is installed. The control system can adjust the light, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration of the climate chamber. The climate chamber is also equipped with temperature and humidity sensors, carbon dioxide sensors, and light sensors electrically connected to the control system. The temperature and humidity sensors, carbon dioxide sensors, and light sensors monitor changes in light, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration within the climate chamber, and the control system adjusts these parameters based on these changes. The climate chamber can be divided into two experimental areas for convenient control experiments.

[0006] The control system includes a light simulation mechanism, a temperature and humidity control mechanism, and a carbon dioxide concentration control mechanism. The climate chamber also houses a power shaft for driving these mechanisms, which is connected to a motor. The climate chamber also contains temperature and humidity sensors, a carbon dioxide sensor, and a light sensor. Two sets of both the light simulation mechanism and the carbon dioxide concentration control mechanism are provided, allowing for the separate adjustment of environmental conditions in two test areas. The control system is connected to a computer, which can store data, generate reports, and adjust the operating parameters of the light simulation mechanism, temperature and humidity control mechanism, and carbon dioxide concentration control mechanism based on the data output from the control system. The climate chamber is equipped with mounting racks for installing each mechanism.

[0007] Preferably, the lighting simulation mechanism includes a gear ring and two first rotating shafts. The gear ring is fixedly installed in the climate chamber, and the two first rotating shafts are connected to the power shaft for transmission. The two first rotating shafts are located on the upper and lower sides of the power shaft. An electric telescopic rod is radially installed on the first rotating shaft. A pinion is rotatably installed on the end of the output shaft of the electric telescopic rod. The pinion meshes with the gear ring, and a light source is fixedly connected to the pinion. The light source is an LED light group that can emit red and blue light. One LED light group is used to simulate nighttime lighting, and the other LED light group is used to simulate daytime lighting.

[0008] The power shaft drives two first rotating shafts to rotate, and the first rotating shafts drive the electric telescopic rod to rotate. At the same time, the electric telescopic rod extends and retracts, keeping the pinion gear meshing with the gear ring. This causes the pinion gear to rotate along the gear ring, driving the light source to move and simulating the change in the sun's altitude angle, which is closer to the change in natural light.

[0009] Preferably, the temperature and humidity regulating mechanism includes a fan, the fan includes a fan shaft and fan blades fixedly mounted on the fan shaft, the fan shaft is connected to the power shaft via a belt drive, the temperature and humidity regulating mechanism also includes a tensioner for tensioning the belt, and the fan is equipped with a cooler and a heater.

[0010] When the tensioner tightens the belt, the drive shaft can drive the fan shaft to rotate, causing the fan blades to rotate and generating airflow in the climate chamber to simulate the outside natural wind.

[0011] When the refrigeration unit is turned on, it cools the air, and the fan blades blow the cold air into the climate chamber, thus lowering the temperature. When the heating unit is turned on, it heats the air, and the fan blades blow the hot air into the climate chamber, thus raising the temperature. By controlling the start and stop of the tensioner, refrigeration unit, and heating unit, the temperature inside the climate chamber can be regulated.

[0012] Preferably, the carbon dioxide concentration regulating mechanism includes a first silo and a second silo, which respectively store a first material and a second material. The first material and the second material can react chemically to produce carbon dioxide. The first silo is connected to a reaction chamber via a feeder, and the second silo is connected to the reaction chamber via a first gear pump. The reaction chamber is provided with an exhaust port for discharging carbon dioxide. The main shafts of the feeder and the first gear pump are driven by a power shaft. The first material is a solid reactant, such as limestone, and the second material is a liquid material, such as hydrochloric acid. The limestone and hydrochloric acid react in the reaction chamber to produce carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide diffuses into the climate chamber, increasing the carbon dioxide concentration in the climate chamber to facilitate photosynthesis in wheat.

[0013] Preferably, the climate chamber is also equipped with a drip irrigation mechanism, which includes a water and fertilizer tank, a second gear pump, and multiple drip irrigation pipes. The bottom of the water and fertilizer tank is connected to the second gear pump, and the bottom of the second gear pump is connected to multiple drip irrigation pipes through a vertical pipe. Multiple drip irrigation heads are equidistantly arranged on the drip irrigation pipes. The main shaft of the second gear pump is driven by a power shaft. The power shaft drives the main shaft of the second gear pump to rotate, causing the second gear pump to operate. The second gear pump delivers water and fertilizer from the water and fertilizer tank to the drip irrigation pipes, irrigating the soil through the drip irrigation heads.

[0014] Preferably, the climate chamber is also equipped with two sets of soil-turning mechanisms. Each soil-turning mechanism includes multiple equidistant spiral rods, adjacent spiral rods are interconnected, and one of the spiral rods is connected to a power shaft. The power shaft drives one of the spiral rods, which in turn causes the spiral rods in the same group to rotate. As the spiral rods rotate, the spiral blades on them also rotate, thus turning over the soil. The structure of the spiral blades is similar to that of a conveyor auger in the prior art.

[0015] Preferably, a rainfall simulation mechanism is installed at the top of the climate chamber. This mechanism includes multiple horizontally arranged rain pipes, each with a number of evenly spaced rain holes at its bottom. Two water storage tanks are installed outside the climate chamber, each connected to a third gear pump for supplying water to the rain pipes. The main shafts of both third gear pumps are driven by a power shaft. The power shaft drives the main shafts of the third gear pumps to rotate, causing the pumps to operate and supply water from the storage tanks to the rain pipes. The water in the rain pipes falls through the rain holes, simulating a rainfall process and increasing the humidity inside the climate chamber.

[0016] Preferably, multiple driving bevel gears are fixedly installed on the power shaft, and the driving bevel gears mesh with driven bevel gears. The carbon dioxide concentration adjustment mechanism, drip irrigation mechanism, soil turning mechanism, and rainfall simulation mechanism are all provided with a transmission shaft that is connected to the power shaft. The transmission shaft is provided with a variable diameter spline. When the variable diameter spline is at its maximum diameter, the driven bevel gear abuts against the transmission shaft, and the power shaft can drive the transmission shaft to rotate. When the variable diameter spline is not at its maximum diameter, the driven bevel gear is disconnected from the transmission shaft, and the power shaft cannot drive the transmission shaft to rotate.

[0017] By controlling the variable-diameter spline, the start and stop of the carbon dioxide concentration adjustment mechanism, drip irrigation mechanism, soil turning mechanism and rainfall simulation mechanism can be controlled, so as to precisely control environmental conditions such as carbon dioxide concentration and humidity.

[0018] Preferably, the variable diameter spline includes a first gear rotatably mounted on a drive shaft, a plurality of limiting grooves are uniformly fixedly mounted on the drive shaft, the limiting grooves are radially arranged, a slide bar is slidably mounted in the limiting groove, an arc plate is fixedly connected to the outer end of the slide bar, a spline bar for connecting with the driven bevel gear is vertically fixedly mounted on the arc plate, and a plurality of spline grooves that mate with the spline bar are provided on the inner circumference of the driven bevel gear.

[0019] A spline motor is provided on one side of the drive shaft. A second gear that meshes with the first gear is fixedly installed on the end of the output shaft of the spline motor. A slider is fixedly installed on the end of the slide bar near the drive shaft. Multiple curved grooves are formed on the first gear. The slider is slidably connected to the curved grooves.

[0020] When the first gear rotates clockwise, the slider slides from the inside to the outside in the curved groove, causing the slide bar to slide from the inside to the outside in the limiting groove, thereby pushing the spline bar into the spline groove of the driven bevel gear; when the first gear rotates counterclockwise, the slider slides from the outside to the inside in the curved groove, causing the slide bar to slide from the outside to the inside in the limiting groove, thereby causing the spline bar to disengage from the spline groove of the driven bevel gear.

[0021] The second gear is driven by a spline motor to rotate, which in turn drives the first gear to rotate, thereby controlling the variable diameter spline. This allows the carbon dioxide concentration adjustment mechanism, drip irrigation mechanism, soil turning mechanism, and rainfall simulation mechanism to be connected or disconnected from the power shaft, thus controlling the start and stop of these mechanisms.

[0022] Preferably, the carbon dioxide concentration regulating mechanism, drip irrigation mechanism, soil turning mechanism and rainfall simulation mechanism are respectively provided with a first drive shaft, a second drive shaft, a third drive shaft and a fourth drive shaft.

[0023] A first worm gear is connected to the first drive shaft. A first worm wheel meshing with the first worm gear is fixedly installed on the main shaft of the first gear pump. The feeder includes a feed shaft vertically rotatably installed in the first hopper. A feed auger is fixedly installed on the feed shaft at the bottom of the first hopper, extending into the reaction chamber. A hopper shaft is horizontally rotatably installed at the top of the first hopper. The hopper shaft and the feed shaft are connected by a second bevel gear set, and the hopper shaft and the first drive shaft are connected by a belt drive. The drive shaft drives the first drive shaft to rotate, which in turn drives the main shaft of the first gear pump to rotate, causing the first gear pump to operate and transport the material in the second hopper to the reaction chamber. The first drive shaft also drives the feed shaft to rotate, which in turn drives the hopper shaft to rotate. The feed auger on the hopper shaft rotates accordingly, allowing the material in the first hopper to be transported into the reaction chamber. The materials in the first and second hoppers react in the reaction chamber, releasing carbon dioxide, which increases the carbon dioxide concentration in the climate chamber, facilitating photosynthesis in wheat.

[0024] A second worm gear is connected to the second drive shaft, and a second worm wheel that meshes with the second worm gear is fixedly installed on the main shaft of the second gear pump. The second drive shaft drives the main shaft of the second gear pump to rotate, thus enabling the second gear pump to operate.

[0025] A third worm gear is connected to the third drive shaft. A first mounting shaft is rotatably mounted inside the climate chamber. A third worm wheel that meshes with the third worm gear is fixedly mounted on the first mounting shaft. One of the spiral rods is connected to the first mounting shaft via a belt drive. The third drive shaft drives the first mounting shaft to rotate, and the first mounting shaft drives one of the spiral rods to rotate, so that the spiral rods rotate synchronously and turn over the soil.

[0026] A third gear is fixedly mounted on the fourth drive shaft. A second mounting shaft is rotatably mounted inside the climate chamber. A fourth gear that meshes with the third gear is fixedly mounted on the second mounting shaft. The second mounting shaft is connected to the main shaft of the third gear pump. The fourth drive shaft drives the second mounting shaft to rotate, and the second mounting shaft drives the main shaft of the third gear pump to rotate, thus making the third gear pump run and start simulating rainfall.

[0027] A convenient method for simulating and controlling environmental conditions in wheat breeding experiments, characterized by the following steps: S1: Based on the type of experimental wheat, the experimental wheat was planted in two experimental areas by pre-setting parameters such as temperature, humidity, light cycle, and CO2 concentration through the control system.

[0028] When simulating drought conditions, the temperature is set to 28°C, the humidity to 30%RH, and the CO2 concentration to 400ppm. The fan is turned off by the tensioner to reduce airflow.

[0029] S2: Monitors environmental data in the climate chamber using temperature and humidity sensors, carbon dioxide sensors, and light sensors. Data is collected every 10 minutes and stored in a local database.

[0030] S3: When the temperature and humidity sensor, carbon dioxide sensor, and light sensor detect changes in the light, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration in the climate chamber, the control system adjusts the light, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration respectively based on the data fed back by the temperature and humidity sensor, carbon dioxide sensor, and light sensor.

[0031] S4: Adjust environmental condition parameters according to the wheat growth period: Seedling stage: Low temperature (15℃) and high humidity (70%RH) promote root development.

[0032] During the jointing stage: increase light intensity (800 μmol / m² / s) and prolong the duration of light exposure (14 hours).

[0033] Grouting period: Increase CO2 concentration (800ppm) to enhance photosynthesis.

[0034] The rainfall device simulates natural rainfall (5 mm / h, lasting 30 minutes) during the heading stage to avoid pollen leaching.

[0035] S5: After the experiment, the control system generates an environmental parameter report, which is then compared with production indicators, output, and other data to obtain the test results.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. This invention enables the control of the light simulation mechanism, temperature and humidity control mechanism, and carbon dioxide concentration control mechanism via a power shaft. It can adjust the light, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration of the climate chamber and can be used to simulate the climate characteristics of different regions.

[0037] 2. The power shaft of the present invention drives the first transmission shaft to rotate, the first transmission shaft drives the main shaft of the first gear pump to rotate, so that the first gear pump works and transports the material in the second hopper to the reaction chamber; the first transmission shaft also drives the discharge shaft to rotate, the discharge shaft drives the hopper shaft to rotate, and the discharge auger on the hopper shaft rotates accordingly, so that the material in the first hopper is transported to the reaction chamber by the discharge auger. The materials in the first and second feed silos react in the reaction chamber, releasing carbon dioxide, which increases the carbon dioxide concentration in the climate chamber to facilitate photosynthesis in wheat. The power shaft drives the second transmission shaft to rotate, which in turn drives the main shaft of the second gear pump, causing the second gear pump to operate. The second gear pump delivers water and fertilizer from the water and fertilizer silo to the drip irrigation pipes, irrigating the soil through the drip irrigation heads. The power shaft drives the third transmission shaft to rotate, which in turn drives the first mounting shaft to rotate, which in turn drives one of the screw rods to rotate synchronously, turning over the soil. The power shaft drives the fourth transmission shaft to rotate, which in turn drives the second mounting shaft to rotate, which in turn drives the main shaft of the third gear pump, causing the third gear pump to operate and begin simulating rainfall, thus meeting the needs of controlling various environmental conditions.

[0038] 3. In this invention, the carbon dioxide concentration regulating mechanism, drip irrigation mechanism, soil turning mechanism, and rainfall simulation mechanism are all equipped with a transmission shaft that is connected to the power shaft. The transmission shaft is equipped with a variable diameter spline. The second gear is driven to rotate by the spline motor, which in turn drives the first gear to rotate, thereby controlling the variable diameter spline. This allows the carbon dioxide concentration regulating mechanism, drip irrigation mechanism, soil turning mechanism, and rainfall simulation mechanism to be connected or disconnected from the power shaft, thereby controlling the start and stop of the carbon dioxide concentration regulating mechanism, drip irrigation mechanism, soil turning mechanism, and rainfall simulation mechanism, which facilitates the regulation of environmental conditions.

[0039] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation positions of each mechanism in this invention.

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the illumination simulation mechanism in this invention.

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the illumination simulation mechanism in this invention from another perspective.

[0045] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the carbon dioxide concentration regulating mechanism in this invention.

[0046] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the drip irrigation mechanism in this invention.

[0047] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the rainfall simulation mechanism in this invention.

[0048] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the soil-turning mechanism in this invention. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the variable diameter spline in this invention.

[0049] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1—Climate chamber; 2—Light simulation mechanism; 201—Gear ring; 202—First pivot; 203—Electric telescopic rod; 204—Pinary gear; 205—Light source; 3—Temperature and humidity control mechanism; 301—Fan; 302—Fan shaft; 303—Belt; 304—Tensioner; 4—Carbon dioxide concentration regulating mechanism; 401—First hopper; 4011—Hopper shaft; 402—Second hopper; 403—Feeder; 4031—Feeding shaft; 404—Reaction chamber; 405—First gear pump; 4051—First worm gear; 5—Drive shaft; 501—Driving bevel gear; 502—Driven bevel gear; 5021—Spline groove; 503—Drive shaft; 5031—First drive shaft; 50311—First worm gear; 5032—Second drive shaft; 50321—Second worm gear; 50322—Second worm gear; 5033—Third drive shaft; 50331—Third worm; 50332—Third worm gear; 50333—First mounting shaft; 5034—Fourth drive shaft; 50341—Third gear; 50342—Second mounting shaft; 504—Variable diameter spline; 5041—First gear; 5042—Limiting groove; 5043—Slide bar; 5044—Arc plate; 5045—Spline bar; 5046—Second gear; 5047—Curved trough; 6—Drip irrigation mechanism; 601—Water and fertilizer tank; 602—Second gear pump; 603—Drip irrigation pipe; 7—Soil turning mechanism; 701—Screw rod; 8—Rainfall simulation mechanism; 801—Rainfall pipe; 802—Water storage tank; 803—Third gear pump. Detailed Implementation

[0050] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0051] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly attached to the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0052] like Figures 1-10 As shown, this invention provides a convenient experimental device for simulating and controlling environmental conditions in wheat breeding. It includes a climate chamber 1, within which a control system is installed. This control system can adjust the light, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration within the climate chamber 1. The climate chamber 1 is also equipped with temperature and humidity sensors, a carbon dioxide sensor, and a light sensor, all electrically connected to the control system. These sensors monitor changes in light, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration within the climate chamber 1, and the control system adjusts these parameters accordingly. The climate chamber 1 can be divided into two experimental zones for convenient control experiments.

[0053] The control system includes a light simulation mechanism 2, a temperature and humidity control mechanism 3, and a carbon dioxide concentration control mechanism 4. The climate chamber 1 also contains a power shaft 5 for driving the light simulation mechanism 2, temperature and humidity control mechanism 3, and carbon dioxide concentration control mechanism 4. The power shaft 5 is connected to a motor. The climate chamber 1 also contains temperature and humidity sensors, a carbon dioxide sensor, and a light sensor. Both the light simulation mechanism 2 and the carbon dioxide concentration control mechanism 4 have two sets, which can be used to adjust the environmental conditions of the two test areas separately. The control system is connected to a computer, which can store data and generate reports. It can also adjust the operating parameters of the light simulation mechanism 2, temperature and humidity control mechanism 3, and carbon dioxide concentration control mechanism 4 based on the data output by the control system. The climate chamber 1 contains mounting racks for mounting each mechanism.

[0054] In this embodiment, the lighting simulation mechanism 2 includes a gear ring 201 and two first rotating shafts 202. The gear ring 201 is fixedly installed in the climate chamber 1. The two first rotating shafts 202 are connected to the power shaft 5 for transmission. The two first rotating shafts 202 are located on the upper and lower sides of the power shaft 5. An electric telescopic rod 203 is radially installed on the first rotating shaft 202. A pinion 204 is rotatably installed on the end of the output shaft of the electric telescopic rod 203. The pinion 204 meshes with the gear ring 201. A light source lamp 205 is fixedly connected to the pinion 204. The light source lamp 205 is an LED lamp group that can emit red and blue light. One LED lamp group is used to simulate nighttime lighting, and the other LED lamp group is used to simulate daytime lighting.

[0055] The power shaft 5 drives the two first rotating shafts 202 to rotate, which in turn drives the electric telescopic rod 203 to rotate. Simultaneously, the electric telescopic rod 203 extends and retracts, maintaining the meshing of the pinion 204 with the gear ring 201. This causes the pinion 204 to rotate along the gear ring 201, moving the light source 205 to simulate changes in the sun's altitude angle, more closely resembling changes in natural light. The power of the LED light assembly can be adjusted to change the light intensity.

[0056] In this embodiment, the temperature and humidity regulating mechanism 3 includes a fan 301, which includes a fan shaft 302 and fan blades fixedly mounted on the fan shaft 302. The fan shaft 302 is connected to the power shaft 5 via a belt 303. The temperature and humidity regulating mechanism 3 also includes a tensioner 304 for tensioning the belt 303. A cooler and a heater are provided on the fan 301.

[0057] When the tensioner 304 tensions the belt 303, the power shaft 5 can drive the fan shaft 302 to rotate, causing the fan blades to rotate and generating airflow in the climate chamber 1 to simulate the outside natural wind.

[0058] When the refrigerator is activated, it cools the air, and the fan blades blow the cool air into climate chamber 1, thus lowering the temperature. When the heater is activated, it heats the air, and the fan blades blow the hot air into climate chamber 1, thus raising the temperature. By controlling the tensioner 304 and the activation and deactivation of the refrigerator and heater, the temperature inside climate chamber 1 can be regulated. The power of the refrigerator and heater can be adjusted to change the rate of temperature change.

[0059] In this embodiment, the carbon dioxide concentration regulating mechanism 4 includes a first silo 401 and a second silo 402. The first silo 401 and the second silo 402 respectively store a first material and a second material. The first material and the second material can react chemically to produce carbon dioxide. The first silo 401 is connected to a reaction chamber 404 via a feeder 403, and the second silo 402 is connected to the reaction chamber 404 via a first gear pump 405. The reaction chamber 404 is provided with an exhaust port for discharging carbon dioxide. The main shafts of the feeder 403 and the first gear pump 405 are connected to the power shaft 5. The first material is a solid reactant, such as limestone, and the second material is a liquid material, such as hydrochloric acid. Limestone and hydrochloric acid react in the reaction chamber 404 to produce carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide diffuses into the climate chamber 1, increasing the carbon dioxide concentration in the climate chamber 1 to facilitate photosynthesis in wheat. The power of the feeder 403 and the first gear pump 405 can be controlled to control the reaction rate between the first material and the second material, the rate of carbon dioxide generation, and the rate of change in carbon dioxide concentration.

[0060] In this embodiment, a drip irrigation mechanism 6 is also embedded in the climate chamber 1. The drip irrigation mechanism 6 includes a water and fertilizer tank 601, a second gear pump 602, and multiple drip irrigation pipes 603. The bottom of the water and fertilizer tank 601 is connected to the second gear pump 602. The bottom end of the second gear pump 602 is connected to the multiple drip irrigation pipes 603 through a vertical pipe. Multiple drip irrigation heads are equidistantly arranged on the drip irrigation pipes 603. The main shaft of the second gear pump 602 is driven by a power shaft 5. The power shaft 5 drives the main shaft of the second gear pump 602 to rotate, causing the second gear pump 602 to operate. The second gear pump 602 transports water and fertilizer from the water and fertilizer tank 601 to the drip irrigation pipes 603, irrigating the soil from the drip irrigation heads. The power of the second gear pump 602 can be controlled to control the drip irrigation rate.

[0061] In this embodiment, two sets of soil-turning mechanisms 7 are also embedded in the climate chamber 1. Each soil-turning mechanism 7 includes multiple equidistantly arranged spiral rods 701. Adjacent spiral rods 701 are interconnected and driven by each other. One of the spiral rods 701 is connected to a power shaft 5. The power shaft 5 drives one of the spiral rods 701, causing the spiral rods 701 in the same group to rotate. The rotation of the spiral rod 701 causes the spiral blades on it to rotate, thus turning the soil. The structure of the spiral blades is similar to that of a conveyor auger in the prior art. The rotation speed of the spiral rod 701 can be controlled to regulate the soil-turning intensity.

[0062] In this embodiment, a rainfall simulation mechanism 8 is installed at the top of the climate chamber 1. The rainfall simulation mechanism 8 includes multiple horizontally arranged rainfall pipes 801, each with a number of rainfall holes evenly distributed at its bottom. Two water storage tanks 802 are installed outside the climate chamber 1. Each water storage tank 802 is connected to a third gear pump 803 for supplying water to the rainfall pipes 801. The main shafts of both third gear pumps 803 are driven by a power shaft 5. The power shaft 5 drives the main shafts of the third gear pumps 803 to rotate, causing the third gear pumps 803 to operate and transport water from the water storage tanks 802 to the rainfall pipes 801. The water in the rainfall pipes 801 falls from the rainfall holes, simulating a rainfall process and increasing the humidity inside the climate chamber 1. The power of the third gear pumps 803 can be controlled to adjust the rainfall intensity and control the rate of humidity change.

[0063] In this embodiment, multiple active bevel gears 501 are fixedly installed on the power shaft 5. The active bevel gears 501 mesh with driven bevel gears 502. The carbon dioxide concentration adjustment mechanism 4, drip irrigation mechanism 6, soil turning mechanism 7, and rainfall simulation mechanism 8 are all provided with transmission shafts 503 that are connected to the power shaft 5. The transmission shaft 503 is provided with a variable diameter spline 504. When the variable diameter spline 504 is at its maximum diameter, the driven bevel gear 502 abuts against the transmission shaft 503, and the power shaft 5 can drive the transmission shaft 503 to rotate. When the variable diameter spline 504 is not at its maximum diameter, the driven bevel gear 502 is disconnected from the transmission shaft 503, and the power shaft 5 cannot drive the transmission shaft 503 to rotate.

[0064] By controlling the variable-diameter spline 504, the start and stop of the carbon dioxide concentration regulating mechanism 4, the drip irrigation mechanism 6, the soil turning mechanism 7 and the rainfall simulation mechanism 8 can be controlled, so as to precisely control environmental conditions such as carbon dioxide concentration and humidity.

[0065] In this embodiment, the variable diameter spline 504 includes a first gear 5041 rotatably mounted on a transmission shaft 503. A plurality of limiting grooves 5042 are uniformly fixedly mounted on the transmission shaft 503. The limiting grooves 5042 are radially arranged. A slide bar 5043 is slidably mounted in the limiting groove 5042. An arc plate 5044 is fixedly connected to the outer end of the slide bar 5043. A spline bar 5045 for connecting with the driven bevel gear 502 is vertically fixedly mounted on the arc plate 5044. A plurality of spline grooves 5021 that cooperate with the spline bar 5045 are provided on the inner circumference of the driven bevel gear 502.

[0066] A spline motor is provided on one side of the drive shaft 503. A second gear 5046 that meshes with the first gear 5041 is fixedly installed on the end of the output shaft of the spline motor. A slider is fixedly installed on one end of the slide bar 5043 near the drive shaft 503. Multiple curved grooves 5047 are formed on the first gear 5041. The slider is slidably connected to the curved grooves 5047.

[0067] When the first gear 5041 rotates clockwise, the slider slides from the inside to the outside in the curved groove 5047, causing the slide bar 5043 to slide from the inside to the outside in the limiting groove 5042, thereby pushing the spline bar 5045 into the spline groove 5021 of the driven bevel gear 502; when the first gear 5041 rotates counterclockwise, the slider slides from the outside to the inside in the curved groove 5047, causing the slide bar 5043 to slide from the outside to the inside in the limiting groove 5042, thereby causing the spline bar 5045 to disengage from the spline groove 5021 of the driven bevel gear 502.

[0068] The second gear 5046 is driven to rotate by the spline motor, which in turn drives the first gear 5041 to rotate, thereby controlling the variable diameter spline 504. This allows the carbon dioxide concentration regulating mechanism 4, the drip irrigation mechanism 6, the soil turning mechanism 7, and the rainfall simulation mechanism 8 to be connected or disconnected from the power shaft 5, thus controlling the start and stop of the carbon dioxide concentration regulating mechanism 4, the drip irrigation mechanism 6, the soil turning mechanism 7, and the rainfall simulation mechanism 8.

[0069] In this embodiment, the carbon dioxide concentration regulating mechanism 4, the drip irrigation mechanism 6, the soil turning mechanism 7, and the rainfall simulation mechanism 8 are respectively equipped with a first drive shaft 5031, a second drive shaft 5032, a third drive shaft 5033, and a fourth drive shaft 5034.

[0070] A first worm gear 50311 is connected to the first drive shaft 5031. A first worm wheel 4051 meshing with the first worm gear 50311 is fixedly installed on the main shaft of the first gear pump 405. The feeder 403 includes a feed shaft 4031 that is vertically rotatably installed in the first hopper 401. A feed auger is fixedly installed on the feed shaft 4031 at the bottom of the first hopper 401. The feed auger extends into the reaction chamber 404. A hopper shaft 4011 is horizontally rotatably installed at the top of the first hopper 401. The hopper shaft 4011 and the feed shaft 4031 are connected by a second bevel gear set. The hopper shaft 4011 and the first drive shaft 5031 are connected by a belt drive. The power shaft 5 drives the first transmission shaft 5031 to rotate, which in turn drives the main shaft of the first gear pump 405 to rotate, causing the first gear pump 405 to operate and transport the material in the second hopper 402 to the reaction chamber 404. The first transmission shaft 5031 also drives the discharge shaft 4031 to rotate, which in turn drives the hopper shaft 4011 to rotate. The discharge auger on the hopper shaft 4011 rotates accordingly, transporting the material in the first hopper 401 to the reaction chamber 404. The materials in the first hopper 401 and the second hopper 402 react in the reaction chamber 404, releasing carbon dioxide, which increases the carbon dioxide concentration in the climate chamber 1, facilitating photosynthesis in wheat.

[0071] A second worm gear 50321 is connected to the second drive shaft 5032. A second worm wheel 50322 that meshes with the second worm gear 50321 is fixedly installed on the main shaft of the second gear pump 602. The second drive shaft 5032 drives the main shaft of the second gear pump 602 to rotate, so that the second gear pump 602 runs. The second gear pump 602 transports the water and fertilizer in the water and fertilizer tank 601 to the drip irrigation pipe 603, and irrigates the soil from the drip irrigation head.

[0072] A third worm gear 50331 is connected to the third drive shaft 5033. A first mounting shaft 50333 is rotatably installed inside the climate chamber 1. A third worm wheel 50332 that meshes with the third worm gear 50331 is fixedly installed on the first mounting shaft 50333. One of the spiral rods 701 is connected to the first mounting shaft 50333 via a belt drive. The third drive shaft 5033 drives the first mounting shaft 50333 to rotate, and the first mounting shaft 50333 drives one of the spiral rods 701 to rotate, so that the spiral rods 701 rotate synchronously and turn over the soil.

[0073] A third gear 50341 is fixedly mounted on the fourth drive shaft 5034. A second mounting shaft 50342 is rotatably mounted inside the climate chamber 1. A fourth gear that meshes with the third gear 50341 is fixedly mounted on the second mounting shaft 50342. The second mounting shaft 50342 is connected to the main shaft of the third gear pump 803. The fourth drive shaft 5034 drives the second mounting shaft 50342 to rotate, and the second mounting shaft 50342 drives the main shaft of the third gear pump 803 to rotate, so that the third gear pump 803 runs and begins to simulate rainfall.

[0074] A convenient method for simulating and controlling environmental conditions in wheat breeding experiments includes the following steps: S1: Based on the type of experimental wheat, the experimental wheat was planted in two experimental areas by pre-setting parameters such as temperature, humidity, light cycle, and CO2 concentration through the control system.

[0075] When simulating drought conditions, the temperature is set to 28°C, the humidity to 30%RH, and the CO2 concentration to 400ppm. The fan is turned off via tensioner 304 to reduce airflow.

[0076] S2: Monitors environmental data in climate chamber 1 using temperature and humidity sensors, carbon dioxide sensors, and light sensors, collecting data every 10 minutes and storing the data in a local database.

[0077] S3: When the temperature and humidity sensor, carbon dioxide sensor, and light sensor detect changes in the light, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration in climate chamber 1, the control system adjusts the light, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration respectively based on the data fed back by the temperature and humidity sensor, carbon dioxide sensor, and light sensor.

[0078] S4: Adjust environmental condition parameters according to the wheat growth period: Seedling stage: Low temperature (15℃) and high humidity (70%RH) promote root development.

[0079] During the jointing stage: increase light intensity (800 μmol / m² / s) and prolong the duration of light exposure (14 hours).

[0080] Grouting period: Increase CO2 concentration (800ppm) to enhance photosynthesis.

[0081] The rainfall device simulates natural rainfall (5 mm / h, lasting 30 minutes) during the heading stage to avoid pollen leaching.

[0082] S5: After the experiment, the control system generates an environmental parameter report, which is then compared with production indicators, output, and other data to obtain the experimental results. The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the invention. Any simple modifications, alterations, or equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the inventive technical essence shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wheat breeding experimental device that facilitates the simulation and control of environmental conditions, characterized in that, It includes a climate chamber (1), which is equipped with a control system. The control system can adjust the light, temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide concentration of the climate chamber (1). The climate chamber (1) is also equipped with a temperature and humidity sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor and a light sensor that are electrically connected to the control system. The control system includes a light simulation mechanism (2), a temperature and humidity regulation mechanism (3) and a carbon dioxide concentration regulation mechanism (4). The climate chamber (1) is also equipped with a power shaft (5) for driving the light simulation mechanism (2), the temperature and humidity regulation mechanism (3) and the carbon dioxide concentration regulation mechanism (4). The power shaft (5) is connected to a power motor. The lighting simulation mechanism (2) includes a gear ring (201) and two first rotating shafts (202). The gear ring (201) is fixedly installed in the inner climate chamber (1). The two first rotating shafts (202) are connected to the power shaft (5) for transmission. An electric telescopic rod (203) is radially installed on the first rotating shaft (202). A small gear (204) is rotatably installed on the output shaft end of the electric telescopic rod (203). The small gear (204) meshes with the gear ring (201). A light source lamp (205) is fixedly connected to the small gear (204). The light source lamp (205) is an LED lamp group that can emit red and blue light. The temperature and humidity regulating mechanism (3) includes a fan (301), the fan (301) includes a fan shaft (302) and fan blades fixedly installed on the fan shaft (302), the fan shaft (302) is connected to the power shaft (5) by a belt (303), the temperature and humidity regulating mechanism (3) also includes a tensioner (304) for tensioning the belt (303), and the fan (301) is provided with a cooler and a heat generator; The carbon dioxide concentration regulating mechanism (4) includes a first silo (401) and a second silo (402). The first silo (401) and the second silo (402) respectively store a first material and a second material. The first material and the second material can react chemically to produce carbon dioxide. The first silo (401) is connected to a reaction chamber (404) through a feeder (403). The second silo (402) is connected to the reaction chamber (404) through a first gear pump (405). The reaction chamber (404) is provided with an exhaust port for discharging carbon dioxide. The main shafts of the feeder (403) and the first gear pump (405) are connected to the power shaft (5) for transmission. The climate chamber (1) is also equipped with a drip irrigation mechanism (6). The drip irrigation mechanism (6) includes a water and fertilizer tank (601), a second gear pump (602) and multiple drip irrigation pipes (603). The bottom of the water and fertilizer tank (601) is connected to the inlet end of the second gear pump (602). The outlet end of the second gear pump (602) is connected to multiple drip irrigation pipes (603) through a vertical pipe. Multiple drip irrigation heads are equidistantly arranged on the drip irrigation pipes (603). The main shaft of the second gear pump (602) is connected to the power shaft (5) for transmission. The climate chamber (1) is equipped with a rainfall simulation mechanism (8) at the top. The rainfall simulation mechanism (8) includes multiple horizontally arranged rainfall pipes (801). Several rainfall holes are evenly opened at the bottom of the rainfall pipes (801). A water storage tank (802) is provided outside the climate chamber (1). The water storage tank (802) is connected to a third gear pump (803) for supplying water to the rainfall pipes (801). The main shaft of the third gear pump (803) is connected to the power shaft (5) for transmission. Multiple active bevel gears (501) are fixedly installed on the power shaft (5). The active bevel gears (501) mesh with driven bevel gears (502). The carbon dioxide concentration adjustment mechanism (4), drip irrigation mechanism (6), soil turning mechanism (7), and rainfall simulation mechanism (8) are all equipped with transmission shafts (503) that are connected to the power shaft (5). The transmission shaft (503) is equipped with a variable diameter spline (504). When the variable diameter spline (504) is at its maximum diameter, the driven bevel gear (502) abuts against the transmission shaft (503), and the power shaft (5) can drive the transmission shaft (503) to rotate. When the variable diameter spline (504) is not at its maximum diameter, the driven bevel gear (502) is disconnected from the transmission shaft (503), and the power shaft (5) cannot drive the transmission shaft (503) to rotate. The variable diameter spline (504) includes a first gear (5041) rotatably mounted on a transmission shaft (503). A plurality of limiting grooves (5042) are uniformly fixedly mounted on the transmission shaft (503). The limiting grooves (5042) are radially arranged. A slide bar (5043) is slidably mounted in the limiting groove (5042). An arc plate (5044) is fixedly connected to the outer end of the slide bar (5043). A spline bar (5045) for connecting with the driven bevel gear (502) is vertically fixedly mounted on the arc plate (5044). A plurality of spline grooves (5021) that cooperate with the spline bar (5045) are provided on the inner circumference of the driven bevel gear (502). A spline motor is provided on one side of the drive shaft (503). A second gear (5046) that meshes with the first gear (5041) is fixedly installed on the end of the output shaft of the spline motor. A slider is fixedly installed on one end of the slide bar (5043) near the drive shaft (503). Multiple curved grooves (5047) are opened on the first gear (5041). The slider is slidably connected to the curved grooves (5047). When the first gear (5041) rotates clockwise, the slider slides from the inside to the outside in the curved groove (5047), causing the slide bar (5043) to slide from the inside to the outside in the limiting groove (5042), thereby pushing the spline bar (5045) to engage in the spline groove (5021) of the driven bevel gear (502); when the first gear (5041) rotates counterclockwise, the slider slides from the outside to the inside in the curved groove (5047), causing the slide bar (5043) to slide from the outside to the inside in the limiting groove (5042), thereby causing the spline bar (5045) to disengage from the spline groove (5021) of the driven bevel gear (502).

2. The wheat breeding experimental device for conveniently simulating and controlling environmental conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The climate chamber (1) is also equipped with a soil turning mechanism (7), which includes multiple equally spaced spiral rods (701). Adjacent spiral rods (701) are connected to each other through transmission, and one of the spiral rods (701) is connected to the power shaft (5) through transmission.

3. A convenient experimental method for simulating and controlling environmental conditions in wheat breeding, characterized in that, Using the wheat breeding experimental apparatus for convenient simulation and control of environmental conditions as described in claim 1 or 2, the following steps are included: S1: Based on the type of experimental wheat, the temperature, humidity, light cycle and CO2 concentration were preset by the control system, and the experimental wheat was planted in the climate chamber (1) in different areas. S2: The environmental data in the climate chamber (1) is monitored by temperature and humidity sensors, carbon dioxide sensors and light sensors. The environmental data is collected every 10 minutes and stored in the local database through the control system. S3: When the temperature and humidity sensor, carbon dioxide sensor and light sensor detect changes in the light, temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide concentration in the climate chamber (1), the control system controls the power motor to start, the power motor drives the power shaft (5) to rotate, and the power shaft (5) drives the light simulation mechanism (2), temperature and humidity adjustment mechanism (3) and carbon dioxide concentration adjustment mechanism (4) to operate, and adjust the light, temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide concentration respectively. S4: Adjust environmental condition parameters according to the wheat growth period; S5: After the experiment, the control system generates an environmental parameter report, compares it with production indicators and yield data, and obtains the experimental results.

Images