A hazardous waste melting flue gas quenching-dedusting integrated heavy metal capturing device and a use method thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses an integrated heavy metal capture device for quenching and dust removal of molten hazardous waste flue gas, comprising a first recovery and treatment unit, a second recovery and treatment unit, and a cyclone dust collector. This invention significantly reduces the residence time of molten hazardous waste flue gas and utilizes heavy metal cascade condensation technology. The first and second recovery and treatment units can rapidly cool the high-temperature flue gas from 800℃ to 450℃ and 200℃, respectively, greatly shortening the residence time of the flue gas within the temperature window where harmful substances are easily generated, reducing the probability of the formation of harmful substances such as dioxins, and facilitating the effective recovery of various heavy metals. The cyclone dust collector further removes residual particles from the flue gas, and by injecting activated carbon into the cyclone dust collector, it can efficiently capture remaining fine particulate matter and toxic gases such as dioxins, ensuring that the final exhaust gas emitted into the atmosphere meets environmental protection standards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of solid waste treatment, flue gas purification and resource recovery technology, specifically to an integrated heavy metal capture device and method for quenching and dust removal of hazardous waste molten flue gas. Background Technology

[0002] Hazardous waste melting is a method of treating hazardous waste by converting it into a stable, glassy substance at high temperatures, thereby reducing its environmental harm. However, this process generates flue gas, known as "hazardous waste melting flue gas." This flue gas contains various harmful components, including but not limited to the following:

[0003] Heavy metals, such as lead, mercury, and cadmium, are easily volatilized at high temperatures and emitted with flue gas.

[0004] Dioxins and furans: These are highly toxic compounds that may be produced during the incineration or melting of chlorine-containing waste;

[0005] Acidic gases, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), mainly originate from the decomposition of sulfur- or nitrogen-containing wastes;

[0006] Particulate matter: including fine dust and unreacted material particles;

[0007] To reduce the environmental impact of these pollutants, a range of pollution control technologies are typically employed to purify hazardous waste molten flue gas. These include methods such as using electrostatic precipitators to remove particulate matter, wet scrubbing towers to absorb acidic gases, and activated carbon adsorption to remove heavy metals and dioxins. Furthermore, it is essential to comply with national and local environmental protection regulations to ensure that emissions meet standard limits. This not only helps protect the environment but also safeguards public health and safety.

[0008] Existing hazardous waste molten flue gas treatment technologies have the following drawbacks:

[0009] A two-stage treatment process is generally adopted: a water-cooled quench tower is used for preliminary treatment to rapidly cool the flue gas, followed by rapid capture of dust and other contaminants using a bag filter and activated carbon adsorption tower. However, this traditional method of treating hazardous waste melting flue gas has poor efficiency, and its operation is as follows:

[0010] The recovery rate of heavy metals is low; Zn / Pb / Cd vapors re-evaporate at 300-500℃, resulting in a bag filter dust collection rate of <60%; the cooling rate of the quench tower is 200℃ / s, and the temperature window residence time is >1s, which easily leads to the resynthesis of dioxins; molten flue dust easily adheres to the quench tower wall (viscosity >10). 5 Since the heavy metals in hazardous waste molten flue gas require cleaning every 48 hours, we propose an integrated heavy metal capture device and its usage method that combines rapid cooling and dust removal. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated heavy metal capture device and method for rapid cooling and dust removal of hazardous waste molten flue gas, in order to solve the problems that need to be solved in the background art.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an integrated heavy metal capture device for quenching and dust removal of hazardous waste molten flue gas, comprising a treatment tower, wherein the treatment tower comprises a primary quenching treatment chamber, a secondary condensation treatment chamber, and a purification treatment chamber that are interconnected. The top of the treatment tower is fixedly connected to an air inlet mechanism that communicates with the hazardous waste molten flue gas. The primary quenching treatment chamber is equipped with a first recovery treatment mechanism that quenches the hazardous waste molten flue gas and recovers zinc and lead from within the hazardous waste molten flue gas. The secondary condensation treatment chamber is equipped with a second recovery treatment mechanism that performs secondary cooling of the hazardous waste molten flue gas and condenses and recovers cadmium and copper from the hazardous waste molten flue gas. The purification treatment chamber is equipped with a cyclone dust collector that removes residual particles from the hazardous waste molten flue gas and adsorbs dioxins.

[0013] Existing hazardous waste molten flue gas treatment technologies have the following drawbacks: They generally employ a two-stage treatment process: a water-cooled quench tower for initial treatment to rapidly cool the flue gas, followed by rapid capture of dust and other contaminants using a bag filter and activated carbon adsorption tower. However, this traditional approach to hazardous waste molten flue gas treatment is ineffective. During operation: heavy metal recovery rates are low; Zn / Pb / Cd vapors re-evaporate at 300-500℃, resulting in a bag filter collection rate of <60%; the quench tower's cooling rate is only 200℃ / s, with a temperature window dwell time >1s, easily leading to dioxin resynthesis; and molten flue dust easily adheres to the quench tower walls (viscosity >10). 5Since the hazardous waste requires cleaning every 48 hours (cP·s), this invention employs an integrated rapid cooling and dust removal structure: integrating the primary rapid cooling chamber, secondary condensation chamber, purification chamber, and cyclone dust collector into the same treatment tower significantly reduces the residence time of the molten hazardous waste gas. Utilizing heavy metal stepped condensation technology, the molten hazardous waste gas undergoes three-stage temperature control, gradually reducing its temperature from 800℃ to 450℃, 200℃, and 80℃, thereby achieving stepwise condensation and capture of zinc, lead, cadmium, and copper. Furthermore, the combination of supersonic atomizing nozzles and titanium alloy condensation plates rapidly lowers the gas temperature below 450℃, effectively preventing secondary volatilization of heavy metals and improving recovery efficiency. The first recycling unit can rapidly cool high-temperature flue gas from 800°C to below 450°C within one second, far faster than the cooling rate in traditional processes. This significantly shortens the residence time of the flue gas within the temperature window where harmful substances are easily generated, reducing the probability of the formation of harmful substances such as dioxins. The second recycling unit, which introduces nitrogen, can rapidly cool the molten hazardous waste flue gas to below 200°C, facilitating the effective recovery of heavy metals such as cadmium and copper. The subsequent cyclone dust collector can further remove residual particles in the flue gas and adsorb dioxins. Furthermore, by spraying activated carbon into the cyclone dust collector, it can efficiently capture the remaining fine particulate matter and toxic gases, ensuring that the exhaust gas finally emitted into the atmosphere meets environmental protection standards.

[0014] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0015] The first recycling and processing mechanism includes a fixed base, a first supply pipe, a first diversion pipe, a supersonic atomizing nozzle, a titanium alloy condensing plate, and a first feed pipe. The first supply pipe is fixedly installed on the outside of the primary quenching chamber through multiple sets of fixed bases. The inner wall of the first supply pipe is fixedly connected to multiple sets of first diversion pipes extending into the interior of the primary quenching chamber. One end of the first diversion pipe is fixedly connected to a supersonic atomizing nozzle. The interior of the primary quenching chamber is provided with a titanium alloy condensing plate. A first collection pipe is provided through one side of the primary quenching chamber and at the position corresponding to the titanium alloy condensing plate.

[0016] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0017] The second recycling and processing mechanism includes a cooling coil, a discharge port, a second supply pipe, and a heavy metal collection tray. The cooling coil is fixedly installed inside the secondary condensation processing chamber. Multiple discharge ports are opened on the cooling coil. One end of the cooling coil is fixedly connected to the second supply pipe. The heavy metal collection tray is fixedly installed inside the secondary condensation processing chamber and below the cooling coil. A second collection pipe is installed through one side of the secondary condensation processing chamber at the position corresponding to the heavy metal collection tray.

[0018] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0019] The cyclone dust collector includes an air inlet cylinder, a processing cylinder, an ash discharge pipe, an exhaust pipe, and a support base. The air inlet cylinder is fixedly connected to the interior of the purification chamber through multiple sets of support bases. An exhaust pipe is fixedly connected to the top of the air inlet cylinder, and one end of the exhaust pipe extends to the outside of the purification chamber. A conical processing cylinder is fixedly connected to the bottom of the air inlet cylinder, and an ash discharge pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom of the processing cylinder.

[0020] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0021] The cyclone dust collector also includes a third supply pipe, a second diversion pipe, and a second feed pipe. Multiple sets of second diversion pipes are installed inside the air inlet cylinder. These multiple sets of second diversion pipes are connected through the third supply pipe. A second feed pipe is fixedly connected to one side of the outer wall of the third supply pipe. The end of the second feed pipe away from the third supply pipe is connected to an external activated carbon chamber through a supply pump.

[0022] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0023] The air intake mechanism includes a first connecting flange, a connecting hose, a second connecting flange, and a limiting rod. The top of the primary quench treatment chamber is fixedly connected to the first connecting flange, the top of the first connecting flange is fixedly connected to the connecting hose, the top of the connecting hose is fixedly connected to the second connecting flange, and multiple sets of limiting rods are slidably connected to the primary quench treatment chamber. The top of the limiting rod is fixedly connected to the second connecting flange.

[0024] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0025] The surface temperature of the titanium alloy condenser plate is set to 400±10℃, and the tilt angle of the titanium alloy condenser plate is 30-45°.

[0026] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0027] A method for capturing heavy metals in molten hazardous waste gas by integrating quenching and dust removal, comprising the following steps:

[0028] Step 1: Rapid cooling and initial freezing:

[0029] Hazardous waste molten flue gas enters the first-stage quenching chamber tangentially through the air intake mechanism at a speed of 30-35 m / s. The supersonic atomizing nozzles inside the first-stage quenching chamber atomize and spray water at high speed. The first recycling and treatment mechanism reduces the temperature of the hazardous waste molten flue gas to below 450°C. The zinc and lead in the hazardous waste molten flue gas condense on the titanium alloy condensing plate.

[0030] Step 2: The hazardous waste molten flue gas after being processed by the first recycling and treatment unit is transported to the secondary condensation treatment chamber for 2-3 seconds. Nitrogen gas is introduced into the second recycling and treatment unit inside the secondary condensation treatment chamber to reduce the temperature of the hazardous waste molten flue gas to below 200°C. The cadmium and copper contained in the hazardous waste molten flue gas condense on the heavy metal collection tray.

[0031] Step 3: Deep Purification

[0032] After being condensed by the second recycling and treatment unit, the hazardous waste molten flue gas enters the cyclone dust collector. The cyclone dust collector centrifugally separates the residual particles in the hazardous waste molten flue gas, and simultaneously sprays activated carbon to adsorb dioxins in the hazardous waste molten flue gas.

[0033] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0034] In step two, the nitrogen gas introduced is at a temperature of -50°C, and the activated carbon injection rate is 50 g / Nm³. 3 The supersonic atomizing nozzle sprays water particles with a diameter of less than 10 μm.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. The device of this invention is an integrated structure of rapid cooling and dust removal: the primary rapid cooling treatment chamber, the secondary condensation treatment chamber, the purification treatment chamber and the cyclone dust collector are integrated into the same treatment tower, which greatly reduces the residence time of hazardous waste molten flue gas. By using heavy metal stepped condensation technology, the hazardous waste molten flue gas can be subjected to three-stage temperature control, gradually reducing the temperature of the hazardous waste molten flue gas from 800℃ to 450℃, 200℃ and 80℃, thereby realizing the stepwise condensation and capture of zinc, lead, cadmium and copper. Furthermore, by using a combination of supersonic atomizing nozzles and titanium alloy condensation plates, the flue gas temperature is reduced to below 450℃ in a very short time, effectively avoiding the problem of secondary volatilization of heavy metals and improving the recovery efficiency.

[0037] 2. The first recycling and treatment unit can rapidly cool high-temperature flue gas from 800°C to below 450°C within 1 second, which is much faster than the cooling rate in traditional processes. This significantly shortens the residence time of the flue gas within the temperature window where harmful substances are easily generated, reducing the probability of the formation of harmful substances such as dioxins. Secondly, the second recycling and treatment unit introduces nitrogen gas, which can rapidly cool the hazardous waste molten flue gas to below 200°C, facilitating the effective recovery of heavy metals such as cadmium and copper. Furthermore, by optimizing the internal structure, using titanium alloy condenser plates with an inclination angle set at 30-45°, the condensed metal particles are easier to slide off, less likely to cause blockage, and reduce maintenance costs and downtime.

[0038] 3. Secondly, in addition to the initial rapid cooling and heavy metal recovery, a cyclone dust collector is also installed to further remove residual particles in the flue gas and adsorb dioxins. By spraying activated carbon into the cyclone dust collector, the remaining fine particulate matter and toxic gases can be captured efficiently, ensuring that the exhaust gas finally emitted into the atmosphere meets environmental protection standards.

[0039] 5. Moreover, the entire system consists of a processing tower, an air intake mechanism, a first recovery and processing mechanism, a second recovery and processing mechanism, and a cyclone dust collector. The various parts are interconnected to form a complete processing chain. This integrated design not only saves space but also simplifies the operation process, making the whole process more automated and intelligent, which is conducive to improving work efficiency and reducing labor costs. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the processing tower of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the second recycling and processing mechanism of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the cyclone dust collector of the present invention.

[0044] In the diagram: 1. Processing tower; 2. Air intake mechanism; 3. Primary rapid cooling chamber; 4. Secondary condensation chamber; 5. Purification chamber; 6. First recovery processing mechanism; 7. Second recovery processing mechanism; 8. Cyclone dust collector; 9. Fixed base; 10. First supply pipe; 11. First diversion pipe; 12. Supersonic atomizing nozzle; 13. Titanium alloy condensing plate; 14. First feed pipe; 15. First collection pipe; 16. Cooling coil; 17. Discharge port; 18. Second supply pipe; 19. Heavy metal collection tray; 20. Second collection pipe; 21. Air intake cylinder; 22. Processing cylinder; 23. Ash discharge pipe; 24. Exhaust pipe; 25. Support base; 26. Third supply pipe; 27. Second diversion pipe; 28. Second feed pipe; 29. ​​First connecting flange; 30. Connecting hose; 31. Second connecting flange; 32. Limiting rod. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] Example 1:

[0047] Please see Figure 1-4 This invention provides a technical solution: an integrated heavy metal capture device for rapid cooling and dust removal of hazardous waste molten flue gas, comprising a treatment tower 1. The treatment tower 1 includes a primary rapid cooling treatment chamber 3, a secondary condensation treatment chamber 4, and a purification treatment chamber 5 that are interconnected. The top of the treatment tower 1 is fixedly connected to an air inlet mechanism 2 that communicates with the hazardous waste molten flue gas. The primary rapid cooling treatment chamber 3 is equipped with a first recovery treatment mechanism 6 that rapidly cools the hazardous waste molten flue gas and recovers zinc and lead from within the hazardous waste molten flue gas. The secondary condensation treatment chamber 4 is equipped with a second recovery treatment mechanism 7 that performs secondary cooling of the hazardous waste molten flue gas and condenses and recovers cadmium and copper from the hazardous waste molten flue gas. The purification treatment chamber 5 is equipped with a cyclone dust collector 8 that removes residual particles from the hazardous waste molten flue gas and adsorbs dioxins.

[0048] The hazardous waste molten flue gas to be treated enters the treatment tower 1 through the air inlet mechanism 2. The air inlet mechanism 2 provides a certain buffer force to prevent the hazardous waste molten flue gas from entering too quickly and causing gaps between the gas and the treatment tower 1, resulting in leakage. The primary quenching treatment chamber 3, the secondary condensation treatment chamber 4, and the purification treatment chamber 5 are interconnected. The primary quenching treatment chamber 3 is equipped with a first recovery treatment mechanism 6, which can rapidly cool the transported hazardous waste molten flue gas to below 450°C. This configuration accelerates the cooling rate. This significantly shortens the residence time of flue gas within the temperature window where harmful substances are easily generated, reducing the probability of the formation of harmful substances such as dioxins. Secondly, the second recovery and treatment unit 7 introduces nitrogen gas to rapidly cool the hazardous waste molten flue gas to below 200°C, facilitating the effective recovery of heavy metals such as cadmium and copper. Subsequently, the cyclone dust collector 8 can be used to further remove residual particles in the flue gas and adsorb dioxins. Furthermore, by spraying activated carbon into the cyclone dust collector 8, the remaining fine particulate matter and toxic gases can be efficiently captured, ensuring that the exhaust gas finally emitted into the atmosphere meets environmental protection standards.

[0049] Example 2:

[0050] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2The first recycling and processing mechanism 6 includes a fixed base 9, a first supply pipe 10, a first diversion pipe 11, a supersonic atomizing nozzle 12, a titanium alloy condensing plate 13, and a first feed pipe 14. The first supply pipe 10 is fixedly installed on the outside of the primary quenching chamber 3 through multiple sets of fixed bases 9. Multiple sets of first diversion pipes 11 extending into the interior of the primary quenching chamber 3 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first supply pipe 10. One end of the first diversion pipe 11 is fixedly connected to the supersonic atomizing nozzle 12. The titanium alloy condensing plate 13 is provided inside the primary quenching chamber 3. The surface temperature of the titanium alloy condensing plate 13 is set to 400±10℃. A first collection pipe 15 is provided through one side of the primary quenching chamber 3 and at the position corresponding to the titanium alloy condensing plate 13.

[0051] The hazardous waste molten flue gas is transported through the primary quenching chamber 3. Then, the first supply pipe 10 and the first diversion pipe 11 discharge the treatment water through the supersonic atomizing nozzle 12, allowing it to fully contact the hazardous waste molten flue gas. Subsequently, the hazardous waste molten flue gas can contact the titanium alloy condensing plate 13, which can quickly cool the hazardous waste molten flue gas to below 450°C. This significantly shortens the residence time of the flue gas in the temperature window where harmful substances are easily generated, reduces the probability of the formation of harmful substances such as dioxins, and facilitates the condensation and capture of zinc and lead.

[0052] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 3 The second recycling and processing mechanism 7 includes a cooling coil 16, a discharge hole 17, a second supply pipe 18, and a heavy metal collection tray 19. The cooling coil 16 is fixedly installed inside the secondary condensation treatment chamber 4. Multiple sets of discharge holes 17 are opened on the cooling coil 16. One end of the cooling coil 16 is fixedly connected to the second supply pipe 18. The heavy metal collection tray 19 is fixedly installed inside the secondary condensation treatment chamber 4 and below the cooling coil 16. A second collection pipe 20 is provided through one side of the secondary condensation treatment chamber 4 and at the position corresponding to the heavy metal collection tray 19.

[0053] After the hazardous waste molten flue gas is treated by the first recycling and treatment device 6, it will be discharged to the second recycling and treatment device 7. At this time, the second supply pipe 18 will discharge nitrogen through the cooling coil 16 and the discharge hole 17, so that the temperature of the hazardous waste molten flue gas can be quickly cooled to below 200°C, which will facilitate the effective recovery of heavy metals such as cadmium and copper in the hazardous waste molten flue gas using the heavy metal collection plate 19.

[0054] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 4The cyclone dust collector 8 includes an inlet cylinder 21, a processing cylinder 22, an ash discharge pipe 23, an exhaust pipe 24, and a support base 25. The inlet cylinder 21 is fixedly connected to the interior of the purification chamber 5 through multiple sets of support bases 25. The top of the inlet cylinder 21 is fixedly connected to the exhaust pipe 24, one end of which extends to the outside of the purification chamber 5. The bottom of the inlet cylinder 21 is fixedly connected to the conical processing cylinder 22, and the bottom of the processing cylinder 22 is fixedly connected to the ash discharge pipe 23. The cyclone dust collector 8 also includes a third supply pipe 26, a second diversion pipe 27, and a second feed pipe 28. Multiple sets of second diversion pipes 27 are installed inside the inlet cylinder 21 and are connected through the third supply pipe 26. One side of the outer wall of the third supply pipe 26 is fixedly connected to the second feed pipe 28. The end of the second feed pipe 28 away from the third supply pipe 26 is connected to the activated carbon chamber outside through a supply pump.

[0055] The system includes an intake cylinder 21 to introduce hazardous waste molten flue gas, a treatment cylinder 22 to rotate and separate dust and gases from the flue gas, and an exhaust pipe 24 to discharge the treated gas. An ash discharge pipe 23 can discharge the separated solid material, thereby removing residual particles from the flue gas. A third supply pipe 26 and a second diversion pipe 27 can blow activated carbon into the intake cylinder 21, which can effectively adsorb dioxins in the hazardous waste molten flue gas. This efficiently captures the remaining fine particulate matter and toxic gases, ensuring that the exhaust gas finally discharged into the atmosphere meets environmental protection standards.

[0056] Please see Figure 1 The air intake mechanism 2 includes a first connecting flange 29, a connecting hose 30, a second connecting flange 31, and a limiting rod 32. The top of the primary quenching chamber 3 is fixedly connected to the first connecting flange 29, and the top of the first connecting flange 29 is fixedly connected to the connecting hose 30. The top of the connecting hose 30 is fixedly connected to the second connecting flange 31. Multiple sets of limiting rods 32 are slidably connected to the primary quenching chamber 3, and the top of the limiting rod 32 is fixedly connected to the second connecting flange 31.

[0057] The second connecting flange 31 can be connected to the hazardous waste molten flue gas conveying pipe. The vibration generated by the rapid introduction of hazardous waste molten flue gas can be absorbed by the connecting hose 30 and limited by the limiting rod 32, thereby preventing leakage when hazardous waste molten flue gas is introduced.

[0058] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2The titanium alloy condenser plate 13 has an inclination angle of 30-45°. Setting the inclination angle of the titanium alloy condenser plate to 30-45° makes it easier for the condensed metal particles to slide off, reducing the risk of blockage and lowering maintenance costs and downtime.

[0059] Example 3:

[0060] Please see Figures 1-4 A method for capturing heavy metals in molten hazardous waste gas by integrating quenching and dust removal, comprising the following steps:

[0061] Step 1: Rapid cooling and initial freezing:

[0062] The molten hazardous waste gas enters the primary quenching chamber 3 tangentially through the inlet mechanism 2 at a speed of 30-35 m / s. Inside the primary quenching chamber 3, supersonic atomizing nozzles 12 spray water at high speed. The water particles sprayed by the supersonic atomizing nozzles 12 have a particle size of less than 10 μm. The first recovery and treatment mechanism 6 reduces the temperature of the molten hazardous waste gas from 800℃ to below 450℃ within 1 second. The zinc and lead in the molten hazardous waste gas condense on the titanium alloy condensation plate 13. The particles sprayed by the supersonic atomizing nozzles 12 have a particle size of less than 10 μm. Atomized water ensures that water droplets are in full contact with high-temperature flue gas, rapidly absorb heat and evaporate, achieving efficient cooling. Moreover, the first recycling and treatment unit 6 can reduce the temperature of hazardous waste molten flue gas from 800℃ to below 450℃ within 1 second. This rapid cooling helps to quickly cross the temperature window (usually between 200 and 400℃) where harmful substances such as dioxins are formed, effectively preventing the resynthesis of dioxins. The titanium alloy condenser plate 13 is set in the first-stage rapid cooling treatment chamber 3, and its surface temperature is maintained at 400±10℃, which improves the efficiency of heavy metal recovery.

[0063] Step Two: The hazardous waste molten flue gas, after being processed by the first recycling and treatment unit 6, is transported to the secondary condensation treatment chamber 4 for 2-3 seconds. Nitrogen gas, at a temperature of -50°C, is introduced into the second recycling and treatment unit 7 inside the secondary condensation treatment chamber 4, reducing the temperature of the hazardous waste molten flue gas to below 200°C. Cadmium and copper contained in the hazardous waste molten flue gas condense on the heavy metal collection tray 19. The secondary condensation treatment chamber 4 is further cooled to below 200°C by introducing nitrogen gas at a temperature of -50°C. This deep cooling not only facilitates the condensation and recovery of cadmium, copper, and other heavy metals, but also further reduces the risk of generating any potentially harmful substances. The cadmium and copper contained in the cooled flue gas condense on the heavy metal collection tray 19, facilitating centralized collection and treatment, thereby reducing the heavy metal content in the final emissions.

[0064] Step 3: Deep Purification

[0065] After being condensed by the second recycling and processing unit 7, the hazardous waste molten flue gas enters the cyclone dust collector 8. The cyclone dust collector 8 centrifugally separates residual particles from the hazardous waste molten flue gas. Simultaneously, activated carbon is injected into the cyclone dust collector 8 to adsorb dioxins in the hazardous waste molten flue gas. The amount of activated carbon injected is 50 g / Nm³. 3 The flue gas, after being treated by the second recovery and treatment unit 7, enters the cyclone dust collector 8, where centrifugal force is used to separate residual particulate matter, ensuring effective removal of particulate matter. Dioxins are adsorbed by the introduced activated carbon. Simultaneously, the cyclone dust collector synchronously injects activated carbon (at a rate of 50 g / Nm³). 3 This method uses adsorption to remove toxic compounds such as dioxins from flue gas. It can not only effectively reduce the concentration of dioxins, but is also simple, efficient and easy to operate and maintain.

[0066] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A hazardous waste melting flue gas quenching-dedusting integrated heavy metal capturing device, comprising a treatment tower (1), the treatment tower (1) comprising a first-stage quenching treatment bin (3), a second-stage condensation treatment bin (4) and a purification treatment bin (5) in communication with each other, characterized in that: The top of the treatment tower (1) is fixedly connected to an air inlet mechanism (2) that is connected to the hazardous waste molten flue gas. The first-stage quench treatment chamber (3) is equipped with a first recovery treatment mechanism (6) that quenches the hazardous waste molten flue gas and recovers zinc and lead from the hazardous waste molten flue gas. The second-stage condensation treatment chamber (4) is equipped with a second recovery treatment mechanism (7) that performs secondary cooling of the hazardous waste molten flue gas and condenses and recovers cadmium and copper from the hazardous waste molten flue gas. The purification treatment chamber (5) is equipped with a cyclone dust collector (8) that removes residual particles from the hazardous waste molten flue gas and adsorbs dioxins. The first recycling and processing mechanism (6) includes a fixed base (9), a first supply pipe (10), a first diversion pipe (11), a supersonic atomizing nozzle (12), a titanium alloy condensing plate (13), and a first feed pipe (14). The first supply pipe (10) is fixedly installed on the outside of the first-stage quenching chamber (3) through multiple sets of fixed bases (9). The inner wall of the first supply pipe (10) is fixedly connected to multiple sets of first diversion pipes (11) extending into the interior of the first-stage quenching chamber (3). One end of the first diversion pipe (11) is fixedly connected to a supersonic atomizing nozzle (12). The interior of the first-stage quenching chamber (3) is provided with a titanium alloy condensing plate (13). A first collection pipe (15) is provided through one side of the first-stage quenching chamber (3) and at the position corresponding to the titanium alloy condensing plate (13). The second recycling and processing mechanism (7) includes a cooling coil (16), a discharge hole (17), a second supply pipe (18), and a heavy metal collection tray (19). The secondary condensation treatment chamber (4) is fixedly installed with a disc-shaped cooling coil (16). Multiple discharge holes (17) are opened on the cooling coil (16). One end of the cooling coil (16) is fixedly connected to the second supply pipe (18). The secondary condensation treatment chamber (4) is fixedly installed with a heavy metal collection tray (19) below the cooling coil (16). A second collection pipe (20) is provided through one side of the secondary condensation treatment chamber (4) and at the position corresponding to the heavy metal collection tray (19). The cyclone dust collector (8) includes an air inlet cylinder (21), a processing cylinder (22), a dust discharge pipe (23), an exhaust pipe (24), and a support base (25). The air inlet cylinder (21) is fixedly connected to the interior of the purification processing chamber (5) through multiple sets of support bases (25). The top of the air inlet cylinder (21) is fixedly connected to the exhaust pipe (24), one end of the exhaust pipe (24) extends to the outside of the purification processing chamber (5), and the bottom of the air inlet cylinder (21) is fixedly connected to the conical processing cylinder (22). The bottom of the processing cylinder (22) is fixedly connected to the dust discharge pipe (23). The cyclone dust collector (8) also includes a third supply pipe (26), a second diversion pipe (27), and a second feed pipe (28). Multiple sets of second diversion pipes (27) are installed inside the air inlet cylinder (21). The multiple sets of second diversion pipes (27) are connected through the third supply pipe (26). The second feed pipe (28) is fixedly connected to one side of the outer wall of the third supply pipe (26). The end of the second feed pipe (28) away from the third supply pipe (26) is connected to the activated carbon chamber in the outside through a supply pump.

2. The hazardous waste melting flue gas quenching and dedusting integrated heavy metal capturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air intake mechanism (2) includes a first connecting flange (29), a connecting hose (30), a second connecting flange (31), and a limiting rod (32). The top of the primary quenching chamber (3) is fixedly connected to the first connecting flange (29), the top of the first connecting flange (29) is fixedly connected to the connecting hose (30), the top of the connecting hose (30) is fixedly connected to the second connecting flange (31), and multiple sets of limiting rods (32) are slidably connected to the primary quenching chamber (3). The top of the limiting rod (32) is fixedly connected to the second connecting flange (31).

3. The hazardous waste melting flue gas quenching and dedusting integrated heavy metal capturing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The surface temperature of the titanium alloy condenser plate (13) is set to 400±10℃, and the tilt angle of the titanium alloy condenser plate (13) is 30-45°.

4. A method for capturing heavy metals in molten hazardous waste gas by rapid cooling and dust removal, applicable to the integrated heavy metal capture device for molten hazardous waste gas by rapid cooling and dust removal as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The method for capturing heavy metals in hazardous waste molten flue gas by rapid cooling and dust removal includes the following steps: Step 1: Rapid cooling and initial freezing: Hazardous waste molten flue gas enters the first-stage rapid cooling chamber (3) tangentially through the air intake mechanism (2) at a speed of 30-35 m / s. The supersonic atomizing nozzle (12) inside the first-stage rapid cooling chamber (3) atomizes and sprays water at high speed. The first recycling and treatment mechanism (6) reduces the temperature of the hazardous waste molten flue gas to below 450°C. The zinc and lead in the hazardous waste molten flue gas condense on the titanium alloy condensing plate (13). Step 2: The hazardous waste molten flue gas after being processed by the first recycling and treatment mechanism (6) is transported to the interior of the secondary condensation treatment chamber (4) for 2-3 seconds. Nitrogen gas is introduced into the second recycling and treatment mechanism (7) set inside the secondary condensation treatment chamber (4) to reduce the hazardous waste molten flue gas to below 200°C. The cadmium and copper contained in the hazardous waste molten flue gas are condensed on the heavy metal collection tray (19). Step 3: Deep Purification After being condensed by the second recycling and treatment unit (7), the hazardous waste molten flue gas enters the interior of the cyclone dust collector (8). The cyclone dust collector (8) centrifugally separates the residual particles in the hazardous waste molten flue gas. The cyclone dust collector (8) simultaneously sprays activated carbon to adsorb dioxins in the hazardous waste molten flue gas.

5. The integrated method for rapid cooling and dust removal of hazardous waste molten flue gas and heavy metal capture according to claim 4, characterized in that: The nitrogen gas introduced in step two is at a temperature of -50℃, the activated carbon injection rate is 50g / Nm³, and the supersonic atomizing nozzle (12) sprays water with a particle size of less than 10μm.

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