A high-power radar power fluctuation control method and evaluation method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of high-power radar power fluctuation control method and evaluation method, the control method includes: setting high-power radar load power factor lag, and full load power factor is not less than preset full load power factor threshold value when full load;For high-power radar power-on, power-off and the multiple working states of each power mode, set the corresponding jump load average change rate limit value of high-power radar when switching between working states is within preset change rate threshold value;Determine the lag power factor of each power mode of high-power radar, determine the maximum percentage of load power fluctuation amount corresponding to each power mode to generator rated capacity, and determine the total rated capacity of generator corresponding to each power mode, calculate the pulse load limit value allowed under each power mode of high-power radar, finally set the pulse power capacity of each power mode of high-power radar during transmission does not exceed the corresponding pulse load limit value.The application can effectively reduce the impact of radar pulse load on power grid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of radar technology, specifically relating to a method for controlling and evaluating power fluctuations in high-power radar. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid advancement of semiconductor and digital technologies, current marine radars employ gallium nitride (GaN) technology and digital array designs. This not only enhances detection and tracking capabilities but also adds flexible power control (conventional radar power is not adjustable). Furthermore, it can adjust power and detection capabilities to match different external situations by predicting radar operating modes and controlling array transmission power. However, a single radar device consumes a large amount of power at full load and is a pulse load. Its power consumption varies (milliseconds) with mission execution. These transient and drastic power changes can cause the generator speed control system (seconds) to struggle to stabilize its speed, thus affecting the power quality of the ship's electrical network and, in severe cases, potentially causing a complete power outage.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to design a method for controlling and evaluating power fluctuations of high-power radar to effectively reduce the impact of high-power radar on the ship's power network. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a power fluctuation control method and evaluation method for high-power radar, which can effectively reduce the impact of high-power radar on the power grid by controlling the power fluctuation of high-power radar.

[0005] The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for controlling power fluctuations in a high-power radar, the method comprising: Set the power factor lag of the high-power radar load, and ensure that the power factor is not less than the preset full-load power factor threshold when fully loaded; For high-power radar in various operating states such as power-on, power-off, and different power modes, a limit is set for the average rate of change of the transient load when the high-power radar switches between operating states, which is within a preset rate of change threshold; wherein, the average rate of change of the transient load is the ratio of the power change amount before and after the switching of operating states to the change time. The hysteresis power factor of the high-power radar in each power mode is determined. Based on the hysteresis power factor of each power mode, the maximum percentage of load power fluctuation corresponding to each power mode relative to the rated capacity of the generator is determined. The total rated capacity of the generator corresponding to each power mode of the high-power radar is also determined. Based on the maximum percentage of load power fluctuation corresponding to each power mode relative to the rated capacity of the generator and the total rated capacity of the generator corresponding to each power mode, the allowable pulse load limit of each power mode of the high-power radar is calculated. Finally, the pulse power capacity during the transmission of each power mode of the high-power radar is set not to exceed the corresponding pulse load limit.

[0006] In the above scheme, the preset full-load power factor threshold is 0.95.

[0007] In the above scheme, the preset change rate threshold is 2000 kVA / s.

[0008] In the above scheme, a phase filter is set on the radar power input side to achieve a power factor lag for the high-power radar load, making the load characteristics inductive.

[0009] In the above solution, a high-voltage energy storage capacitor is installed at the output end of the radar power supply cabinet to suppress power fluctuations; Furthermore, during the switching between working states, the power loading speed is controlled by gradually increasing the power consumption, thereby reducing the average rate of change of radar power and ensuring that the average rate of change of jump load is within the preset rate of change threshold. The gradually increasing power consumption means that the radar working state is switched step by step according to the power level.

[0010] In the above scheme, the high-power radar operates in the following order from low to high power: first gradual change condition, second gradual change condition, and so on up to the i-th gradual change condition, with corresponding average powers of P1, P2, and so on up to P... i Then, the average rate of change of the jump load corresponding to the switching between operating states of a high-power radar is expressed as: :

[0011]

[0012] In the formula, This represents the time of the i-th gradual change in operating condition.

[0013] In the above scheme, a low-voltage energy storage capacitor is set on the radar array to control the difference between the peak and trough of the pulse in each power mode, thereby reducing the hysteresis power factor in each power mode of the high-power radar so that the pulse power capacity during the transmission of each power mode of the high-power radar does not exceed the corresponding pulse load limit.

[0014] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for evaluating the power fluctuation control of a high-power radar is provided. This method involves establishing an experimental testing environment between a power grid distribution box and the radar, testing the power factor, the average rate of change of the transient load corresponding to the switching between operating states of the high-power radar, and the pulse power capacity during transmission in each power mode of the high-power radar, and evaluating the power fluctuation control result of the high-power radar according to the high-power radar power fluctuation control method described in any one of the first aspects.

[0015] In the above scheme, the power analyzer is used for testing.

[0016] In the above scheme, the test interval is 10ms.

[0017] In summary, compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: For surface ships equipped with high-power, power-adaptive radar, this invention offers three main benefits: First, it defines the load power factor lag of high-power radar, specifying that the power factor at full load should not be less than 0.95. Second, it specifies that the average rate of change of the transient load corresponding to the switching between different operating states of the high-power radar, such as power-on, power-off, and excitation under different power modes, should be limited to within 2000 kVA / s. Third, it calculates the permissible pulse load limit for each power mode of the radar, ensuring that the pulse power capacity during transmission in each power mode should not exceed the corresponding pulse load limit. This effectively reduces the impact of radar pulse load on the power grid, alleviating the design and development pressure of the ship's power network and reducing the overall resource consumption of the platform.

[0018] Furthermore, the present invention sets a phase filter on the radar power input side to achieve a lag in the power factor of the high-power radar load, making the load characteristics inductive.

[0019] Furthermore, the present invention sets a high-voltage energy storage capacitor at the output end of the radar power cabinet to suppress power fluctuations; and during the switching between working states, the power loading speed is controlled by gradually changing the power consumption, thereby reducing the average rate of change of radar power and ensuring that the average rate of change of the jump load is within the preset rate of change threshold.

[0020] Furthermore, the present invention sets a low-voltage energy storage capacitor on the radar array to control the difference between the peak and trough of the pulse in each power mode, thereby reducing the hysteresis power factor in each power mode of the high-power radar, so that the pulse power capacity during the transmission of each power mode of the high-power radar does not exceed the corresponding pulse load limit. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a high-power radar power fluctuation control method provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the connection between a typical radar power supply system and a ship's power network, provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the connection between the radar power supply system of the present invention and the ship's power network is provided for an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 This application provides a schematic diagram of a gradual electrical loading method. Figure 5 A pulse load limit diagram (Figure 300-2) in GJB4000-2000 is provided for an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a radar power pulse load characteristic testing system provided in this application embodiment; Figure 7 A diagram illustrating the power factor change of a radar as it is gradually powered up from a receiving state to full load, provided as an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 A diagram illustrating the power factor change during radar mode switching, provided as an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 A diagram illustrating the power factor variation of a radar in a hypothetical operating scenario under a 1.85MW power mode, as provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 10 This application provides an embodiment of the average rate of change of a radar load when it is gradually powered up from a receiving state to full load. Figure 11 This application provides an embodiment of the average rate of change of radar load under the condition of gradually decreasing from full load to receiving state. Figure 12 A diagram illustrating the average rate of change of load during a radar transition from a 0.6MW power mode to a 1.85MW power mode, provided as an embodiment of this application; Figure 13 A graph showing the average rate of change of load during a radar switching from a 1.85MW power mode to a 0.6MW power mode, provided as an embodiment of this application; Figure 14 A radar pulse load characteristic diagram in a hypothetical scenario for a radar in 1.85MW power mode, provided as an embodiment of this application; Figure 15 This is a radar pulse load characteristic diagram in a hypothetical scenario for a radar in 0.6MW power mode, provided as an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments provided in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0023] Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are merely some examples or embodiments of this application. Those skilled in the art can apply this application to other similar scenarios based on these drawings without any inventive effort. Furthermore, it is understood that although the efforts made in this development process may be complex and lengthy, for those skilled in the art related to the content disclosed in this application, any changes to design, manufacturing, or production based on the technical content disclosed in this application are merely conventional technical means and should not be construed as insufficient disclosure of the content of this application.

[0024] In this application, the reference to "embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this application may be combined with other embodiments without conflict.

[0025] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms “a,” “an,” “an,” “the,” and similar words used in this application do not indicate quantity limitation and may indicate singular or plural. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and any variations thereof used in this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or modules (units) is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may also include steps or units not listed, or may include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices. The terms “connected,” “linked,” “coupled,” and similar words used in this application are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. “Multiple” used in this application refers to two or more. “And / or” describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships may exist; for example, “A and / or B” can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship. The terms "first," "second," and "third" used in this application are merely to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of the objects.

[0026] This invention provides a method for controlling and evaluating power fluctuations in high-power radar, thereby reducing the impact of high-power radar on shipboard power networks. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: First, the power factor lag of high-power radar load is defined, and it is made clear that the power factor should not be less than 0.95 when fully loaded; Secondly, for high-power radars in various operating states such as power-on, power-off, and excitation under different power modes (condition 1, condition 2...condition i), the limit for the average rate of change of transient load (the ratio of the power change before and after the state change to the change time) when the radar switches between the above states is specified to be within 2000 kVA / s.

[0027] Third, the load during radar transmission is characterized as a pulse load. The fluctuating power capacity of the pulse load is reflected in the difference between the power peaks and troughs under each power mode, which can be characterized by the lag power factor. By testing the lag power factor under each radar power mode (condition 1, condition 2...condition i) using a power analyzer and comparing it with the horizontal and vertical coordinates of Figure 300-2 in GJB4000-2000 300.16.2.4.3.2, the maximum percentage of the generator's rated capacity (N1%, N2%...N...) can be obtained. i %), and simultaneously record the total rated capacity of the ship's generators (P1, P2...P) corresponding to different radar power modes. i This allows for the calculation of the permissible pulse load limits (P1×N1%, P2×N2%...P) for each radar power mode. i (×N1%). To ensure the normal operation of the ship's generators, the pulse power capacity during the transmission of each power mode of the radar should not exceed the corresponding pulse load limit.

[0028] In addition, the present invention also provides a method for evaluating the control of power fluctuations in high-power radar. An experimental test environment is set up between the ship's power network distribution box and the radar. A high-speed power analyzer is used between the power distribution box and the radar to test the power factor, average rate of change of transient load, and pulse load characteristics of the radar under various power modes and between power mode switching, and to evaluate whether effective control of radar power fluctuations can be achieved.

[0029] For surface ships equipped with high-power, power-adaptive radar, this invention can effectively reduce the impact of radar pulse load on the power grid, alleviate the pressure on the design and development of ship power networks, and reduce the overall resource consumption of the platform.

[0030] Specifically, the connection between a typical radar power supply system and the ship's power network is as follows: Figure 2As shown, the ship's power supply platform outputs 380V AC power, which is converted to 720V DC power by the power cabinet and supplied to the radar array. The radar array load includes a receiving load and a transmitting load. The receiving load is a steady-state load with a constant operating current; the transmitting load is a pulse load, characterized by operating according to a certain period and duty cycle. During normal radar operation, the array power input exhibits certain fluctuations. To suppress these power fluctuations, the radar power supply link design must incorporate power fluctuation suppression measures. The radar power supply system of this invention is connected to the ship's power network as follows: Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the rectifier power supply cabinet can convert the 380V AC power supplied to the ship into 720V DC power, and a suitable high-voltage energy storage capacitor is configured on the 720V bus. It has both rectification function and power fluctuation suppression function, and realizes that the power at the input end of the rectifier power supply is basically stable under pulse load conditions.

[0031] Conventional radars have a leading power factor under light loads, and their load characteristics are weakly capacitive. Therefore, a phase filter needs to be designed on the radar power input side. The phase filter is integrated into the power supply cabinet to form a rectifier power supply cabinet, thereby achieving a lagging power factor for the radar and an inductive load characteristic.

[0032] During the initial power-on, power-off, and switching between different power modes of the radar, the power loading rate is controlled by software to reduce the average rate of change of radar power through a gradual power loading method. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the calculation method for the power change slope is as follows: During the pulse transmission duration, the average power consumption of the radar in gradual change condition 1 is P1, the average power in gradual change condition 2 is P2, ..., the average power in gradual change condition i is P... i The rate of power change during radar power-on, power-off, and switching between different power modes can be expressed as: :

[0033]

[0034] In the formula, Represents the time of the i-th gradual change of operating condition The radar transmits in pulses. In each power mode, the difference between the peak and trough of the pulse power is controlled by incorporating low-voltage energy storage capacitors on the array. Figure 3 As shown, this effectively reduces the radar pulse load power factor.

[0035] Figure 300-2 in GJB4000-2000 specifies the limits for pulse loads, such as... Figure 5As shown in the figure, the permissible load power fluctuation is defined as a percentage of the generator's rated capacity under a given load lag power factor. Assuming the radar has two power modes, 0.6MW and 1.85MW, with lag power factors of 0.9314 and 0.9877 at 0.6MW and 1.85MW respectively (power factors can be measured in real-time using a power analyzer), and the ship's single generator has a rated capacity of 1.6MW, typically operating two or three generators, with total capacities of 3.2MW and 4.8MW respectively (corresponding to the radar's 0.6MW and 1.85MW power consumption modes), then according to... Figure 5 The permissible load power fluctuations are 15.56% and 23.15% of the generator's rated capacity, respectively, corresponding to permissible pulse load limits of 498kW and 1111kW.

[0036] Research indicates that a power analyzer can be used to measure radar power factor, average rate of change of transient load, and pulse load characteristics. Taking the PW8001 power analyzer as an example, ... Figure 6 As shown, the power factor of the device can be measured in real time. A positive reading indicates that the load power factor is lagging, and the absolute value of the reading is the power factor value. The device's real-time power output can be measured at 10ms data recording intervals.

[0037] Establish a radar power pulse load characteristic testing system, such as Figure 6 As shown, the radar was set up with typical operating scenarios in 0.6MW and 1.85MW power modes, and tests were conducted on power factor, average rate of change of transient load, and pulse load characteristics, respectively.

[0038] (1) Power factor ① As the radar is gradually powered up from the receiving state to full load (1.85MW), the power factor is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the power factor remains positive throughout the process; and as the power consumption of the radar increases, the power factor gradually increases, reaching 0.9875 at full load, which is greater than 0.95.

[0039] ② The radar switches from 0.6MW power mode to 1.85MW power mode, and the power factor is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, the power factor remains positive throughout the process; and as the power consumption of the radar increases, the power factor gradually increases from 0.9098 to 0.9883, and is greater than 0.95 at full load.

[0040] ③ The power factor of the radar in the 1.85MW power mode under the assumed operating scenario is as follows: Figure 9 As shown, the radar is under full load, and the power factor varies from 0.9687 to 0.9883, which is greater than 0.95.

[0041] (2) Average rate of change of sudden load ① When the radar is gradually powered up from the receiving state to full load (1.85MW), the average rate of change of the jump load is 1258kVA / s. Figure 10 As shown, the limit is less than 2000 kVA / s.

[0042] ② When the radar gradually decreases from full load (1.85MW) to receiving mode, the average rate of change of the jump load is 1285kVA / s. Figure 11 As shown, the limit is less than 2000 kVA / s.

[0043] ③ When the radar switches from 0.6MW power mode to 1.85MW power mode, the average rate of change of the load during the jump is 1265kVA / s. Figure 12 As shown, the limit is less than 2000 kVA / s.

[0044] ④ When the radar switches from 1.85MW power mode to 0.6MW power mode, the average rate of change of the jump load is 1255kVA / s. Figure 13 As shown, the limit is less than 2000 kVA / s.

[0045] (3) Pulse load characteristics ① In radar 1.85MW power mode, the pulse load characteristic under the assumed operating scenario is 518kW, such as... Figure 14 As shown, it is less than 1111kW.

[0046] ② In radar 0.6MW power mode, the pulse load characteristic under the assumed operating scenario is 76kW, such as... Figure 15 As shown, it is less than 498kW.

[0047] Test results show that the power control measures proposed in this invention can effectively reduce the impact of radar pulse load on the power grid, alleviate the design and development pressure of ship power network and reduce the overall resource consumption of the platform.

[0048] It should be noted that the technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments have been described. However, as long as the combination of these technical features does not contradict each other, it should be considered within the scope of this specification. In addition, depending on the implementation needs, the various steps / components described in this application can be broken down into more steps / components, or two or more steps / components or parts of steps / components can be combined into new steps / components to achieve the purpose of this invention.

[0049] It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the above-described embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for controlling power fluctuations in a high-power radar, characterized in that, The method includes: Set the power factor lag of the high-power radar load, and ensure that the power factor is not less than the preset full-load power factor threshold when fully loaded; For high-power radar in various operating states such as power-on, power-off, and different power modes, a limit is set for the average rate of change of the transient load when the high-power radar switches between operating states, which is within a preset rate of change threshold; wherein, the average rate of change of the transient load is the ratio of the power change amount before and after the switching of operating states to the change time. The hysteresis power factor of the high-power radar in each power mode is determined. Based on the hysteresis power factor of each power mode, the maximum percentage of load power fluctuation corresponding to each power mode relative to the rated capacity of the generator is determined. The total rated capacity of the generator corresponding to each power mode of the high-power radar is also determined. Based on the maximum percentage of load power fluctuation corresponding to each power mode relative to the rated capacity of the generator and the total rated capacity of the generator corresponding to each power mode, the allowable pulse load limit of each power mode of the high-power radar is calculated. Finally, the pulse power capacity during the transmission of each power mode of the high-power radar is set not to exceed the corresponding pulse load limit.

2. The high-power radar power fluctuation control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset full-load power factor threshold is 0.

95.

3. The high-power radar power fluctuation control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset rate of change threshold is 2000 kVA / s.

4. The high-power radar power fluctuation control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, A phase filter is installed on the radar power input side to achieve power factor lag for high-power radar loads, making the load characteristics inductive.

5. The high-power radar power fluctuation control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, A high-voltage energy storage capacitor is installed at the output end of the radar power supply cabinet to suppress power fluctuations; Furthermore, during the switching between working states, the power loading speed is controlled by gradually increasing the power consumption, thereby reducing the average rate of change of radar power and ensuring that the average rate of change of jump load is within the preset rate of change threshold. The gradually increasing power consumption means that the radar working state is switched step by step according to the power level.

6. The high-power radar power fluctuation control method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Assume that the high-power radar operates in the following order of increasing power: first gradual change condition, second gradual change condition, and so on up to the i-th gradual change condition, with corresponding average powers of P1, P2, and so on up to P... i Then, the average rate of change of the jump load corresponding to the switching between operating states of a high-power radar is expressed as: : In the formula, This represents the time of the i-th gradual change in operating condition.

7. The high-power radar power fluctuation control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, By installing low-voltage energy storage capacitors on the radar array and controlling the difference between pulse peaks and troughs in each power mode, the hysteresis power factor of the high-power radar in each power mode is reduced, so that the pulse power capacity during the transmission of each power mode of the high-power radar does not exceed the corresponding pulse load limit.

8. A method for evaluating power fluctuation control in high-power radar, characterized in that, An experimental test environment was set up between the power grid distribution box and the radar. The power factor, the average rate of change of the transient load corresponding to the switching between the working states of the high-power radar, and the pulse power capacity during the transmission of each power mode of the high-power radar were tested between the power grid distribution box and the radar. The power fluctuation control results of the high-power radar were evaluated according to the power fluctuation control method of any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The evaluation method for high-power radar power fluctuation control according to claim 8, characterized in that, Tested using a power analyzer.

10. The evaluation method for high-power radar power fluctuation control according to claim 9, characterized in that, The test interval is 10ms.

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