Photovoltaic power generation panel and photovoltaic power generation device capable of self-temperature control

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, specifically a photovoltaic power generation panel and a photovoltaic power generation device with autonomous temperature control. The photovoltaic power generation panel includes a first heat exchange layer, on which a temperature control layer, a photovoltaic panel layer, and a second heat exchange layer are sequentially stacked. The temperature control layer includes a semiconductor temperature control material plate and a heat exchange film, with multiple heterojunction semiconductors filling the space between the semiconductor temperature control material plate and the heat exchange film. The upper heterojunction unit of the heterojunction semiconductor is in contact with the heat exchange film, and the lower heterojunction unit is in contact with the semiconductor temperature control material plate. The multiple heterojunction semiconductors are evenly distributed at equal intervals. A phase change heat insulation material is also filled between the semiconductor temperature control material plate and the heat exchange film to achieve isolation between the heterojunction semiconductors. This invention utilizes the Peltier effect of the semiconductor material in the temperature control layer to flexibly adjust the direction of direct current to achieve cooling or heating functions, ensuring that the photovoltaic panel operates within the optimal temperature range, improving photoelectric conversion efficiency, and extending the service life of the photovoltaic panel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, and in particular relates to a photovoltaic power generation panel and photovoltaic power generation device with autonomous temperature control. Background Technology

[0002] As an important branch of the renewable energy sector, the photovoltaic (PV) power generation industry, utilizing solar energy, has experienced rapid development globally in recent years. With continuous technological innovation, the cost of PV power generation has gradually decreased, significantly expanding the market space. However, the reliability and lifespan of PV panels vary under different environments. Environmental factors such as operating temperature, humidity, and light intensity can all affect their performance. PV power plants, especially those located in high-altitude, arid regions, often face significant diurnal temperature variations. During the day, strong solar radiation causes the surface temperature of PV panels to be high, while a sudden drop in temperature at night causes water vapor in the air to condense into droplets and potentially freeze on the panel surface. This reduces the light transmittance of the PV panels during the day, affecting their normal operation. Besides the effects of water vapor condensation and freezing, excessively high or low ambient temperatures can also reduce the photoelectric conversion efficiency of PV panels. Therefore, the impact of the operating environment must be considered when designing PV panels, and appropriate heating or cooling measures should be implemented.

[0003] Currently, the main measures for temperature regulation of photovoltaic panels include installing heat dissipation plates, sprayers, and external heat exchangers. However, these measures consume large amounts of water and electricity, which is not conducive to the efficient utilization and conversion of energy. Furthermore, such equipment is often large in size, easily damaged, and has high maintenance costs, resulting in unfavorable economic benefits. Therefore, developing a photovoltaic panel capable of autonomously controlling its temperature to adapt to changes in ambient temperature has significant application value. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a photovoltaic panel and photovoltaic power generation device with autonomous temperature control, which overcomes the shortcomings of existing photovoltaic panel temperature control measures, such as easy damage and high maintenance costs.

[0005] In one aspect, a photovoltaic power generation panel with autonomous temperature control is provided, including a first heat exchange layer, on which a temperature control layer, a photovoltaic panel layer and a second heat exchange layer are sequentially stacked.

[0006] The temperature control layer includes a semiconductor temperature control material plate and a heat exchange film, with multiple heterojunction semiconductors filling the space between the semiconductor temperature control material plate and the heat exchange film; the heterojunction semiconductor includes an upper heterojunction unit and a lower heterojunction unit, wherein the upper heterojunction unit is in contact with the heat exchange film, and the lower heterojunction unit is in contact with the semiconductor temperature control material plate;

[0007] Multiple heterojunction semiconductors are evenly distributed at equal intervals, and a phase change heat insulation material is filled between the semiconductor temperature control material plate and the heat exchange film to achieve isolation between the heterojunction semiconductors;

[0008] The photovoltaic panel also includes a data acquisition device and a main control device, with the data acquisition device and the main control device being electrically connected.

[0009] The data acquisition equipment is used to collect the operating status data of the photovoltaic panels and transmit it to the main control equipment. The main control equipment is used to control the operating temperature of the photovoltaic panels based on the received data.

[0010] Furthermore, the first heat exchange layer is a microchannel composite heat exchange conduit layer; the fluid in the microchannel composite heat exchange conduit layer is driven by pressure or electricity.

[0011] Furthermore, the heat exchange membrane is a flexible aluminum membrane; the phase change insulation material is aerogel.

[0012] Furthermore, the second heat exchange layer is a heat exchange duct network.

[0013] Furthermore, the photovoltaic power generation panel also includes a cuboid shell with an opening, through which the first heat exchange layer, the temperature control layer, the photovoltaic panel layer, and the second heat exchange layer, which are stacked in sequence, are installed inside the shell; wherein the photovoltaic panel layer is flush with the edge of the shell opening; and data acquisition devices are installed at any two apex corners of the shell opening.

[0014] Furthermore, the photovoltaic panel also includes an arc-shaped concentrator, which is fixedly connected to the housing by mounting posts at the four apex corners of the housing opening; there is an air gap between the arc-shaped concentrator and the second heat exchange layer.

[0015] In a second aspect, a photovoltaic power generation device is provided, including a photovoltaic power generation panel with self-temperature control as described in the first aspect; it also includes a fixed base, a support rod, an angle adjuster, and a main control device;

[0016] The main control device is installed in the fixed base. The main control device is also electrically connected to the angle adjuster, the temperature control layer, and the inverter of the photovoltaic power generation panel. The fixed base is fixedly installed on the ground. One end of the support rod is fixedly installed on the fixed base, the angle adjuster is installed on the other end of the support rod, and the photovoltaic power generation panel is fixedly installed on the adjustment end of the angle adjuster.

[0017] Furthermore, the fixed base is equipped with a power management device, which includes an energy storage battery pack and a power transmission line; both the energy storage battery pack and the power transmission line are electrically connected to the main control device.

[0018] Furthermore, the support rod has a hollow structure, with a wire conduit and a control switch at the bottom; the control switch is electrically connected to the main control equipment, and the wire conduit is used to house the electrical wires of the inverter and angle adjuster of the photovoltaic panel that are electrically connected to the main control equipment; the support rod is made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0020] The practical application of this invention in the field of photovoltaic power generation is mainly reflected in the intelligent control of photovoltaic panel temperature, which improves photoelectric conversion efficiency and extends the service life of photovoltaic panels. It achieves intelligent temperature control of the photovoltaic panels by utilizing the Peltier effect of the semiconductor material in the temperature control layer to flexibly adjust the direction of direct current, realizing cooling or heating functions, ensuring that the photovoltaic panels operate within the optimal temperature range, thereby improving photoelectric conversion efficiency and effectively extending the service life of the photovoltaic panels. Compared with traditional heat dissipation methods, such as radiators, sprayers, and heat pump heat exchangers, this device exhibits significant technical advantages: significant energy saving, low operating noise, compact size saving space, and greater environmental friendliness. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the hierarchical structure of the photovoltaic panel in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the photovoltaic power generation device in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the fixed base in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the support rod and angle adjuster in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0025] In the diagram, 1-energy storage battery pack, 2-fixed base, 3-support rod, 4-angle adjuster, 5-shell, 6-semiconductor temperature control material plate, 7-heat exchange film, 8-phase change heat insulation material, 9-photovoltaic panel layer, 10-electrical wire, 11-second heat exchange layer, 12-temperature sensor, 13-photosensitive sensor, 14-arc-shaped concentrator, 101-power transmission line, 301-control switch, 501-first heat exchange layer, 801-heterojunction semiconductor. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] This embodiment describes a photovoltaic power generation panel with autonomous temperature control, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a first heat exchange layer 501, on which a temperature control layer, a photovoltaic panel layer 9, and a second heat exchange layer 11 are sequentially stacked.

[0029] The first heat exchange layer 501 is a microchannel composite heat exchange conduit layer; the fluid in the microchannel composite heat exchange conduit layer is driven by pressure or electricity. Specifically, the working principle of the microchannel composite heat exchange conduit layer is as follows: First, the microchannel composite heat exchange conduit is a conduit device that combines micron-level flow channel structure and composite material technology for efficient heat exchange. It can drive the fluid flow in the microchannel by pressure, such as using a piezoelectric micropump, which utilizes the periodic change of pump chamber volume by the deformation of piezoelectric ceramics to generate pulsed flow, thereby driving the fluid flow in the microchannel; it can also use electric drive technology, such as electroosmotic flow drive, that is, applying a DC electric field at both ends of the microchannel, and using the interaction between ions in the fluid and the wall charge to generate overall flow.

[0030] The temperature control layer includes a semiconductor temperature control material plate 6 and a heat exchange film 7. Multiple heterojunction semiconductors 801 are filled between the semiconductor temperature control material plate 6 and the heat exchange film 7. Each heterojunction semiconductor 801 includes an upper heterojunction unit and a lower heterojunction unit. The upper heterojunction unit is in contact with the heat exchange film, and the lower heterojunction unit is in contact with the semiconductor temperature control material plate 6. Utilizing the Peltier effect of the heterojunction semiconductor 801, when currents of different directions are applied to the heterojunction semiconductor 801, the upper heterojunction unit can act as a high-temperature end to heat the photovoltaic panel layer 9, or as a low-temperature end to cool the photovoltaic panel layer 9. The direction control of the input current is achieved by a main control device; its electrical energy comes from the energy storage battery pack 1 located on the fixed base 2.

[0031] In addition, multiple heterojunction semiconductors 801 are evenly distributed at equal intervals. A phase change insulation material 8 is filled between the semiconductor temperature control material plate 6 and the heat exchange film 7 to achieve isolation between the heterojunction semiconductors 801. The phase change insulation material 8 is an aerogel, and the heat exchange film 7 is a flexible aluminum film. The phase change insulation material 8 can be based on silica aerogel, doped with 20% paraffin phase change material by mass. Silica aerogel has extremely low thermal conductivity (0.013 W / m·K) and high porosity (>90%), effectively preventing heat transfer. The phase change temperature of the paraffin phase change material is set at 40-50℃, matching the operating temperature range of the photovoltaic panel. The aerogel has a porous network structure, providing support for the phase change material.

[0032] Understandably, besides cooling or heating the heterojunction semiconductor 801 by passing current through it, when the temperature of the photovoltaic panel 9 rises, the paraffinic phase change material in the aerogel 8 of the phase change insulation material 8 absorbs heat and undergoes a solid-liquid phase change, suppressing the rapid temperature rise through latent heat absorption and acting as a temperature buffer. At this time, the heterojunction semiconductor 801 can also utilize its band structure characteristics to absorb some heat and convert it into electrical energy or regulate the carrier concentration, further reducing the temperature. When the temperature drops, the paraffinic phase change material solidifies and releases heat, maintaining temperature stability.

[0033] The second heat exchange layer 11 adopts a heat exchange duct mesh. To avoid the heat exchange duct mesh obstructing the photovoltaic panel, it can also adopt a microchannel structure. Furthermore, it can be connected to the microchannel composite heat exchange duct layer, and a fluid drive device can be used to achieve fluid circulation between the first heat exchange layer 501 and the second heat exchange layer 11 to realize heat exchange. Of course, the first heat exchange layer 501 and the second heat exchange layer 11 can also be set up separately, but the cost will be relatively higher.

[0034] In addition, when the first heat exchange layer 501 and the second heat exchange layer 11 are set separately, the second heat exchange layer 11 can also adopt a ventilated heat exchange duct network, which can be composed of PE plastic ducts with a diameter of millimeters, distributed in a grid pattern on the surface of the photovoltaic power generation panel, with a duct spacing of 5 cm. Ventilation holes with a diameter of 1 mm are provided on the duct wall, with a hole spacing of 1 cm, to ensure uniform airflow. An air inlet and an air outlet are connected to both ends of the duct, respectively. The air inlet is connected to an external air source, and the air outlet is open to the atmosphere. The ventilated heat exchange duct network achieves heat dissipation from the surface of the photovoltaic power generation panel through forced convection. An external fan blows ambient air into the ventilated heat exchange duct network at a flow rate of 2-3 m / s. During the airflow within the duct, heat exchange occurs between the air and the surface of the photovoltaic power generation panel through the ventilation holes, carrying away surface heat. Simultaneously, the flowing air also carries away dust and other impurities from the surface of the photovoltaic power generation panel, keeping the surface clean and improving light absorption efficiency.

[0035] The above describes the main structural components of a photovoltaic panel for achieving self-temperature control. To protect these main components, a cuboid housing 5 with an opening is provided. The first heat exchange layer 501, the temperature control layer, the photovoltaic panel layer 9, and the second heat exchange layer 11, stacked sequentially, are installed inside the housing 5 through this opening. The photovoltaic panel layer 9 is flush with the edge of the opening in the housing 5. Data acquisition devices are installed at any two apex corners of the opening in the housing 5. These data acquisition devices include a temperature sensor 12 and a photosensor 13 connected to the main control device.

[0036] The temperature sensor 12 and the photosensitive sensor 13 in the data acquisition device are used to collect photovoltaic panel operating status data (such as photovoltaic panel operating temperature data and light intensity data) and transmit them to the main control device. The main control device is used to control the operating temperature of the photovoltaic panel based on the received data.

[0037] To reduce dust accumulation on the photovoltaic panel or prevent rain and snow from falling directly on it, the photovoltaic panel also includes an arc-shaped concentrator 14. The arc-shaped concentrator 14 is fixedly connected to the housing 5 via mounting posts located at the four apex corners of the opening in the housing 5. The arc-shaped concentrator 14 can be made of plexiglass or ETFE film (ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer). There is an air gap between the arc-shaped concentrator 14 and the second heat exchange layer 11. It should also be noted that the edge of the arc-shaped concentrator 14 can contact the edge of the opening in the housing 5 through a sealing ring, making the air gap between the arc-shaped concentrator 14 and the second heat exchange layer 11 a sealed space; alternatively, the edge of the arc-shaped concentrator 14 can not contact the edge of the opening in the housing 5. This reduces dust accumulation on the photovoltaic panel while also promoting air circulation, resulting in better heat dissipation.

[0038] The working principle of the autonomously temperature-controlled photovoltaic panel described in this embodiment is as follows: During nighttime, the light intensity detected by the photosensitive sensor 13 approaches zero, and the photovoltaic panel stops working during this period. In cold regions, the ambient temperature drops rapidly at night, causing moisture in the air to condense on the panel surface, affecting its normal operation the next day and reducing the photoelectric conversion rate. Therefore, at night, excess electrical energy stored in the energy storage battery during the day can be released to generate heat and suppress condensation. Furthermore, in the early morning, when the sunlight is weak and the ambient temperature is low, insufficient electrical energy can be generated for grid connection. Therefore, the initial DC power from photoelectric conversion is directly used to heat the semiconductor temperature control panel rapidly, reaching the optimal operating temperature range of the photovoltaic panel. This minimizes the impact of temperature on the photoelectric conversion rate during subsequent periods of strong sunlight, maximizing the generation of clean electrical energy. Heating or cooling is achieved by switching the current direction of the semiconductor device through the main control equipment.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] This embodiment describes a photovoltaic power generation device, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes a self-temperature-controlled photovoltaic panel as described in the first aspect; it also includes a fixed base 2, a support rod 3, an angle adjuster 4, and a main control device; the main control device is installed in the fixed base 2, and the main control device is also electrically connected to the angle adjuster 4, the temperature control layer, and the inverter of the photovoltaic panel; the fixed base 2 is fixedly installed on the ground, one end of the support rod 3 is fixedly installed on the fixed base 2, the angle adjuster 4 is installed on the other end of the support rod 3, and the photovoltaic panel is fixedly installed on the adjustment end of the angle adjuster 4.

[0041] The angle adjuster 4 is a device used to adjust the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel. Its core function is to make the photovoltaic panel as perpendicular to the sunlight as possible to optimize solar energy reception efficiency. It typically changes the angle (tilt angle) between the photovoltaic panel and the horizontal plane through a mechanical structure or electric control system. Its core logic is: Seasonal adjustment: Based on the changes in the solar altitude angle in different seasons (e.g., the tilt angle needs to be increased in winter in the Northern Hemisphere, and vice versa in summer), the tilt angle is adjusted manually or automatically. Real-time tracking: Some high-end regulators support solar tracking systems, which calculate the sun's position in real time through sensors or algorithms and dynamically adjust the direction of the photovoltaic panel (e.g., single-axis or dual-axis tracking) to further improve power generation. Since it uses existing technology, its specific structure will not be described in detail here.

[0042] like Figure 3 As shown, the fixed base 2 is equipped with power management equipment, which includes an energy storage battery pack 1 and a power transmission line 101; both the energy storage battery pack 1 and the power transmission line 101 are electrically connected to the main control equipment. The power transmission line 101 consists of a cable and a protective conduit. The protective conduit is used to protect the cable, and the cable is used to transmit the electricity generated by the photovoltaic panel to the power grid.

[0043] like Figure 4 As shown, the support rod 3 has a hollow structure, with a conduit for electrical wires and a control switch 301 at its bottom. The control switch 301 is electrically connected to the main control equipment. The conduit houses the electrical wires 10 of the inverter and angle adjuster 4 of the photovoltaic panel, which are each electrically connected to the main control equipment. The support rod 3 is made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel. The control switch 301 is used to control the operation of the entire photovoltaic power generation device. When the photovoltaic power generation device needs maintenance, it can be temporarily stopped by using the control switch 301.

[0044] The photovoltaic power generation device in this embodiment is mainly applied in the field of photovoltaic power generation through intelligent temperature control of the photovoltaic panel, improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and extending the service life of the photovoltaic panel. Its core lies in its ability to directly utilize the direct current generated by the photovoltaic panel itself or the electricity stored in the energy storage battery to drive the semiconductor temperature control material. Temperature sensor 12 accurately collects the surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel, and combined with the Peltier effect, flexibly adjusts the direction of the direct current to achieve cooling or heating functions, ensuring that the photovoltaic panel operates within the optimal temperature range, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and effectively extending the service life of the photovoltaic panel. Compared with traditional heat dissipation methods, such as radiators, sprayers, and heat pump heat exchangers, this device exhibits significant technical advantages: significant energy saving, low operating noise, compact size saving space, and greater environmental friendliness. These characteristics make this device particularly suitable for application in photovoltaic power stations in high-altitude, cold, and arid areas, not only improving power generation efficiency but also reducing operation and maintenance costs, which is of positive significance for promoting the development of green energy.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic power generation panel with self-controlled temperature, characterized in that, It includes a first heat exchange layer (501), on which a temperature control layer, a photovoltaic panel layer (9), and a second heat exchange layer (11) are sequentially stacked; The temperature control layer includes a semiconductor temperature control material plate (6) and a heat exchange film (7). A plurality of heterojunction semiconductors (801) are filled between the semiconductor temperature control material plate (6) and the heat exchange film (7). The heterojunction semiconductor (801) includes an upper heterojunction unit and a lower heterojunction unit, wherein the upper heterojunction unit is in contact with the heat exchange film and the lower heterojunction unit is in contact with the semiconductor temperature control material plate (6). Multiple heterojunction semiconductors (801) are evenly distributed at equal intervals, and a phase change heat insulation material (8) is filled between the semiconductor temperature control material plate (6) and the heat exchange film (7) to achieve isolation between the heterojunction semiconductors (801); The photovoltaic panel also includes a data acquisition device and a main control device, with the data acquisition device and the main control device being electrically connected. The data acquisition equipment is used to collect the operating status data of the photovoltaic panels and transmit it to the main control equipment. The main control equipment is used to control the operating temperature of the photovoltaic panels based on the received data.

2. The self-temperature-controlled photovoltaic panel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first heat exchange layer (501) is a microchannel composite heat exchange conduit layer; the fluid in the microchannel composite heat exchange conduit layer is driven by pressure or electricity.

3. The self-temperature-controlled photovoltaic panel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange membrane (7) is a flexible aluminum membrane; the phase change insulation material (8) is an aerogel.

4. The self-temperature-controlled photovoltaic panel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The second heat exchange layer (11) is a heat exchange duct network.

5. The self-temperature-controlled photovoltaic panel as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic power generation panel also includes a cuboid shell (5) with an opening, through which a first heat exchange layer (501), a temperature control layer, a photovoltaic panel layer (9), and a second heat exchange layer (11) stacked in sequence are installed inside the shell (5); wherein the photovoltaic panel layer (9) is flush with the edge of the opening of the shell (5); and data acquisition devices are installed at any two apex corners of the opening of the shell (5).

6. The self-temperature-controlled photovoltaic panel as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The photovoltaic power generation panel also includes an arc-shaped concentrator (14), which is fixedly connected to the housing (5) by mounting posts set at the four apex corners of the opening of the housing (5); there is an air gap between the arc-shaped concentrator (14) and the second heat exchange layer (11).

7. A photovoltaic power generation device, characterized in that, It includes a self-temperature-controlled photovoltaic panel as described in any one of claims 1-6; it also includes a fixed base (2), a support rod (3), an angle adjuster (4), and a main control device; The main control device is set in a fixed base (2), and the main control device is also electrically connected to the angle adjuster (4), the temperature control layer and the inverter of the photovoltaic power generation panel; the fixed base (2) is fixedly set on the ground, one end of the support rod (3) is fixedly set on the fixed base (2), the angle adjuster (4) is installed on the other end of the support rod (3), and the photovoltaic power generation panel is fixedly installed on the adjustment end of the angle adjuster (4).

8. The photovoltaic power generation device as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The fixed base (2) is equipped with an energy management device, which includes an energy storage battery pack (1) and a power transmission line (101); both the energy storage battery pack (1) and the power transmission line (101) are electrically connected to the main control device.

9. The photovoltaic power generation device as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The support rod (3) is a hollow structure with a wire conduit and a control switch (301) at the bottom. The control switch (301) is electrically connected to the main control equipment. The wire conduit is used to house the inverter and angle adjuster (4) of the photovoltaic power generation panel, which are each electrically connected to the main control equipment via wires (10). The support rod (3) is made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel.

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