Rice self-sequence throwing seedling machine

Abstract

The application discloses a rice self-sequence seedling throwing machine, which is provided with a seedling bin, a seedling combing device, a seedling equalizing device and a air feeding device on a machine frame, the seedling combing device is installed in the seedling bin, the seedling combing device combs seedlings from the seedling bin to the seedling equalizing device, the seedling equalizing device feeds the seedlings to the air feeding device, and the seedlings are thrown into the air by the air feeding device. The seedlings pass through the seedling combing device, a first-level seedling equalizing device and a second-level seedling equalizing device in sequence, and the seedlings are uniformly distributed in the field after being thrown into the air under the joint action of the seedling combing device, the first-level seedling equalizing device and the second-level seedling equalizing device, the risk of seedling sticking is reduced, the probability of seedling mechanical damage is reduced, and the seedling combing efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, and in particular to a self-sequential rice transplanter. Background Technology

[0002] In mechanized rice cultivation systems, there are three main technical types: direct seeding, mechanical transplanting, and mechanical broadcasting. Direct seeding involves scattering germinated seeds directly into the field for seedling cultivation. This method requires strict weed control, and the need for frequent ventilation during seed growth can lead to the proliferation of weeds, ultimately impacting yield. Mechanical transplanting combines factory-style seedling cultivation with transplanting machines to transplant seedlings of appropriate age into paddy fields according to agronomical requirements. Compared to direct seeding, mechanical transplanting is less efficient. Transplanting techniques cause significant damage to seedling roots, resulting in a long recovery period, slow greening, late tillering, and fewer tillers. Furthermore, transplanting machines have complex structures and high maintenance costs. Mechanical broadcasting combines the advantages of direct seeding and transplanting. It is not only highly efficient but also utilizes the seedlings' own weight to insert them shallowly into the soil, preventing root damage. It offers advantages such as rapid greening, early tillering, and more tillers.

[0003] The widespread application of rice transplanting technology has significantly reduced labor intensity and represents an innovation and reform in rice cultivation. Patent publication number CN118160472A discloses a "pneumatic rice transplanter and its transplanting method." However, this existing transplanting technology cannot guarantee the uniformity of seedling distribution in the field after transplanting, nor can it reduce the risk of seedling jamming or the probability of mechanical damage to seedlings. To solve these problems, there is an urgent need to develop a self-sequential rice transplanter that can ensure uniform field distribution after transplanting, reduce the risk of seedling jamming, lower the probability of mechanical damage to seedlings, and improve seedling thinning efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention proposes a rice self-sequential transplanter, which can ensure the uniformity of rice seedling distribution in the field after transplanting, reduce the risk of seedling jamming, reduce the probability of mechanical damage to seedlings, and improve the efficiency of seedling thinning.

[0005] On one hand, this invention provides a self-regulating rice transplanter, which includes a seedling bin, a seedling combing device, a seedling equalization device, and an air supply device mounted on a frame. The seedling combing device is installed inside the seedling bin and combs the seedlings from the bin to the seedling equalization device. The seedling equalization device then transports the seedlings to the air supply device, which throws them into the air. The seedling equalization device includes a primary seedling equalization device and a secondary seedling equalization device. The primary seedling equalization device includes a primary conveyor belt and a primary seedling equalization wheel, which is mounted above the primary conveyor belt. The primary conveyor belt and the primary seedling equalization wheel rotate in the same direction. When the primary seedling equalization wheel contacts the seedlings, it applies a reverse force to the seedlings, pushing back any excess seedlings. The secondary seedling equalization device includes a secondary conveyor belt and a secondary seedling equalization wheel, which is mounted above the secondary conveyor belt. The secondary conveyor belt and the secondary seedling equalization wheel rotate... The two conveyor belts rotate in the same direction. When the secondary seedling distribution wheel contacts the seedlings, it applies a reverse force to the seedlings, pushing back any excess seedlings. The primary and secondary conveyor belts rotate in the same direction, with the primary conveyor belt transporting the seedlings to the secondary conveyor belt. The secondary conveyor belt is installed horizontally, while the primary conveyor belt is installed at an angle of 10-45 degrees between them. Distribution teeth are installed on both the primary and secondary seedling distribution wheels, dividing their circumferences into several sectors with a central angle of θ. The distribution teeth are evenly distributed along these sectors. When the seedlings are transported within the range of two adjacent distribution teeth on the primary conveyor belt, the primary seedling distribution wheel rotates through at least one sector of θ. Similarly, when the seedlings are transported within the range of two adjacent distribution teeth on the secondary conveyor belt, the secondary seedling distribution wheel rotates through at least one sector of θ. The seedling combing device includes a seedling combing conveyor belt and a seedling feeding conveyor belt. The seedling feeding conveyor belt is installed horizontally, while the seedling combing conveyor belt is installed at an angle of 30 to 60 degrees. The seedling feeding conveyor belt and the seedling combing conveyor belt rotate in opposite directions. The seedling combing speed of the seedling combing conveyor belt is greater than the seedling feeding speed of the seedling feeding conveyor belt. The seedling combing teeth are evenly distributed and staggered on the seedling combing conveyor belt. The distance between two adjacent rows of seedling combing teeth is 100 to 130 mm, and the distance between adjacent seedling combing teeth in the same row is 50 to 70 mm. The seedling combing speed of the seedling combing conveyor belt is 0.7 to 2 m / s, and the seedling feeding speed of the seedling feeding conveyor belt is 1.5 to 5 mm / s.

[0006] To ensure uniform seedling distribution in the field after transplanting, in a further technical solution, the seedling conveying speed of the primary conveyor belt is lower than the return speed of the primary seedling equalization wheel, and the ratio of the seedling conveying speed of the primary conveyor belt to the return speed of the primary seedling equalization wheel is 1:3; the seedling conveying speed of the secondary conveyor belt is lower than the return speed of the secondary seedling equalization wheel, and the ratio of the seedling conveying speed of the secondary conveyor belt to the return speed of the secondary seedling equalization wheel is 1:3.

[0007] In order to ensure the uniformity of seedling distribution in the field after transplanting, in a further technical solution, the installation height of the first-stage seedling distribution wheel relative to the first-stage conveyor belt is 120~170mm, and the installation height of the second-stage seedling distribution wheel relative to the second-stage conveyor belt is 120~170mm.

[0008] When the speed coordination of the seedling combing device, the primary seedling equalization device, and the secondary seedling equalization device is insufficient, seedling accumulation on the primary conveyor belt must be prevented. In a further technical solution, the angle between the secondary conveyor belt and the primary conveyor belt is 10 degrees.

[0009] The advantages of the self-sequential rice transplanter of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows: This invention utilizes a seedling combing device and a seedling equalization device. Through combing and secondary equalization, the primary equalization wheel applies a reverse force to the seedlings upon contact, pulling back excess seedlings, while seedlings not in contact with the primary equalization wheel continue to move backward through the gap between the primary conveyor belt and the primary equalization wheel. Similarly, the secondary equalization wheel applies a reverse force to the seedlings upon contact, pulling back excess seedlings, while seedlings not in contact with the secondary equalization wheel continue to move backward through the gap between the secondary conveyor belt and the secondary equalization wheel, thus achieving secondary equalization. The combing device reduces the risk of seedling jamming, lowers the probability of mechanical damage to seedlings, and improves combing efficiency, providing favorable conditions for subsequent secondary equalization. The combined effect of combing and secondary equalization ensures uniform seedling distribution in the field after transplanting. The angle between the secondary and primary conveyor belts is 10 degrees, preventing seedling accumulation on the primary conveyor belt when the speed coordination of the combing, primary, and secondary equalization devices is insufficient. Attached Figure Description

[0010] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rice self-sequential transplanter of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the rice self-sequential transplanter of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the seedling equalization device; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Main view of the seedling equalization device; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the seedling equalization device of the present invention; Figure 6 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the seedling combing device. Detailed Implementation

[0011] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0012] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a rice self-sequential transplanter. A frame 1 is installed on the walking mechanism 6. A seedling bin 2, a seedling combing device 3, a seedling equalization device 4, and an air supply device 5 are installed on the frame 1. The seedling combing device 3 is installed in the seedling bin 2. The seedling combing device 3 combs the seedlings from the seedling bin 2 to the seedling equalization device 4. The seedling equalization device 4 transports the seedlings to the air supply device 5, which throws them into the air. Because the seedlings have a low center of gravity, the seedling substrate is always vertically downward before landing, ensuring that the planting quality meets the agronomic requirements.

[0013] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 and Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the seedling equalization device 4 includes a primary seedling equalization device 40 and a secondary seedling equalization device 41. The primary seedling equalization device 40 includes a primary conveyor belt 400 and a primary seedling equalization wheel 401. The primary seedling equalization wheel 401 is installed above the primary conveyor belt 400. The primary conveyor belt 400 and the primary seedling equalization wheel 401 rotate in the same direction. When the primary seedling equalization wheel 401 comes into contact with the seedlings, it applies a reverse force to the seedlings, pushing back the excess seedlings. The seedlings that do not come into contact with the primary seedling equalization wheel 401 continue to move backward through the gap between the primary conveyor belt 400 and the primary seedling equalization wheel 401 and are transported to the secondary seedling equalization device 41.

[0014] The secondary seedling equalization device 41 has the same structure as the primary seedling equalization device 40. The secondary seedling equalization device 41 includes a secondary conveyor belt 410 and a secondary equalization wheel 411. The primary conveyor belt 400 and the secondary conveyor belt 410 rotate in the same direction, with the primary conveyor belt 400 transporting seedlings to the secondary conveyor belt 410. The secondary equalization wheel 411 is installed above the secondary conveyor belt 410, and both rotate in the same direction. When the secondary equalization wheel 411 contacts the seedlings, it applies a reverse force, pushing back excess seedlings. Seedlings that do not contact the secondary equalization wheel 411 continue to move backward through the gap between the secondary conveyor belt 410 and the secondary equalization wheel 411, and are transported to the air supply device 5. This two-stage equalization further ensures the uniformity of seedling distribution in the field after transplanting.

[0015] like Figure 5As shown, due to the significant flexibility of rice seedlings, they undergo obvious mutual compression and deformation when piled up. Simultaneously, the high moisture content of the soil matrix makes them prone to adhesion, resulting in an excessively high coefficient of friction. Therefore, static guide baffles cannot effectively evenly distribute seedlings or control the conveying volume. Dynamic back-shaking for even distribution is an optimized solution. The primary even distribution wheel 401 and the secondary even distribution wheel 411 are collectively referred to as even distribution wheels. By setting the even distribution wheel height, the gap between the even distribution teeth 42, the conveyor belt speed, and the even distribution wheel transmission ratio, the back-shaking effect is optimized. When seedlings on the conveyor belt pass through the gap between the even distribution wheel and the conveyor belt, the even distribution wheel rotates, and the even distribution teeth 42 shake off the piled seedlings. Only seedlings with a pile height less than the height of the even distribution wheel can continue to be conveyed, simultaneously improving lateral uniformity and ensuring that the distribution of seedlings sent to the blowing device 5 is uniform and of reasonable density over a period of time.

[0016] The seedling distribution teeth 42 on the seedling distribution wheel are evenly distributed along the circumference, dividing the circumference of the seedling distribution wheel into several sectors with a central angle of θ. The seedling distribution device is projected onto the circumferential plane of the seedling distribution wheel. In order to achieve the seedling distribution effect, the seedling conveying speed should be lower than the seedling distribution wheel's return speed. It is also necessary to ensure that when the seedling conveying distance is within the range of two adjacent seedling distribution teeth 42, the seedling distribution wheel rotates through at least one sector to ensure that the seedling distribution teeth achieve the function of uniform return.

[0017] Therefore, the seedling conveying speed of the primary conveyor belt 400 is lower than the return speed of the primary seedling equalizer 401, and the ratio of the seedling conveying speed of the primary conveyor belt 400 to the return speed of the primary seedling equalizer 401 is 1:3; the seedling conveying speed of the secondary conveyor belt 410 is lower than the return speed of the secondary seedling equalizer 411, and the ratio of the seedling conveying speed of the secondary conveyor belt 410 to the return speed of the secondary seedling equalizer 411 is 1:3.

[0018] The primary seedling equalizing reel 401 and the secondary seedling equalizing reel 411 are equipped with seedling equalizing teeth 42, which divide the circumference of the primary seedling equalizing reel 401 and the secondary seedling equalizing reel 411 into several sectors with a central angle of θ. The seedling equalizing teeth 42 are evenly distributed along the sectors with a central angle of θ. When the seedlings are transported by the primary conveyor belt 400 within the range of two adjacent seedling equalizing teeth 42, the primary seedling equalizing reel 401 rotates through at least one sector. When the seedlings are transported by the secondary conveyor belt 410 within the range of two adjacent seedling equalizing teeth 42, the secondary seedling equalizing reel 411 rotates through at least one sector.

[0019] The installation height H of the primary seed-equalizing roller 401 relative to the primary conveyor belt 400 is 120~170mm, and the installation height H of the secondary seed-equalizing roller relative to the secondary conveyor belt is 120~170mm.

[0020] After testing, when the speed coordination of the seedling combing device 3, the primary seedling equalization device 40, and the secondary seedling equalization device 41 is insufficient, seedling accumulation will occur on the primary conveyor belt 400. By setting the installation angle of the primary conveyor belt 400, considering that too large an angle will prevent seedlings from continuing to be transported, and too small an angle will lead to excessive seedling flow exceeding the processing capacity of the next stage, the installation angle is set as the critical friction angle η, expressed as:

[0021] In the formula It is the static friction coefficient between the primary conveyor belt and the seedlings.

[0022] Since the main weight and contact area of ​​the seedlings come from the soil substrate, the coefficient of static friction between the soil and rubber is defined as 0.3 to 0.6. Through the primary seedling equalization device 40 and the secondary seedling equalization device 41, the seedlings are adjusted while being transported, resulting in a more uniform distribution. Therefore, the secondary conveyor belt 410 is installed horizontally, while the primary conveyor belt 400 is installed at an angle, with an angle of 10 degrees between the two belts.

[0023] like Figure 5 As shown, the seedling combing device 3 includes a seedling combing conveyor belt 31 and a seedling feeding conveyor belt 30. The seedling feeding conveyor belt 30 is installed horizontally, while the seedling combing conveyor belt 31 is installed at an angle. The angle between the seedling feeding conveyor belt 30 and the seedling combing conveyor belt 31 is 30 to 60 degrees. The seedling feeding conveyor belt 30 and the seedling combing conveyor belt 31 rotate in opposite directions. The seedling combing teeth 310 are evenly distributed and staggered on the seedling combing conveyor belt 31. The distance between two adjacent rows of seedling combing teeth 310 is 100 to 130 mm, and the distance between adjacent seedling combing teeth 310 in the same row is 50 to 70 mm. The seedling combing speed of the seedling combing conveyor belt 31 is 0.3 to 0.5 m / s, and the seedling conveying speed of the seedling feeding conveyor belt 30 is 2 to 5 mm / s.

[0024] The seedling conveyor belt 30 transports seedlings forward from the seedling bin 2, while the seedling combing conveyor belt 31 drives the combing teeth 310 to move continuously. When there is only one row of combing teeth 310 on the seedling combing conveyor belt 31, the cross-sectional area of ​​the combing volume from the start to the end of one combing cycle can be expressed as:

[0025] In the formula, S p This refers to the cross-sectional area of ​​the seedlings inside seedling tray 2, in meters. 2 t is the time from the start to the end of one combing operation with 310 comb teeth, measured in seconds (s); h 11 The height of the seedling tray is 2 meters; v 11 The speed of the rice seedling conveyor belt is 30 m / s.

[0026] The seedling combing conveyor belt 30 has a combination of seedling combing teeth 310 arranged with a spacing of α. The time interval between each row of seedling combing teeth 310 and the position of the first row of seedling combing teeth 310 on the seedling bin 2 side of the seedling combing conveyor belt 30 is:

[0027] In the formula, t x v is the time interval in seconds (s) for the x-th row of teeth to pass through position 310 of the first row of comb teeth; 12 The speed of the rice seedling conveyor belt is 31, in m / s.

[0028] The cross-sectional area of ​​a single row of 310 combing teeth during a single combing operation is:

[0029] The volume of a single stripping is: {V}_{p}={B}_{11}.\left [ {\int ^{t}_{0} {\frac {{h}_{11}{v}_{12}} {2}dt-\int ^{t-{t}_{1}}_{0} {\frac {({h}_{11}-{v}_{12}{t}_{1}){v}_{11}} {2}dt}.........-\int ^{t-{t}_{x}}_{0} {\frac {({h}_{11}-{v}_{12}{t}_{x}){v}_{11}} {2}dt}}} \right ]

[0030] In the formula, V p The volume of a single seedling combing is expressed in meters (m). 3 B 11 This refers to the width of the seedling tray.

[0031] The self-propelled rice transplanter's walking speed v4 and transplanting width are both designed as adjustable parameters. The height h11 of the seedling bin 2 is 0.5m. The length L11 of the seedling delivery conveyor belt 30 is designed to be 2.36m, and the width B11 is designed to be 0.5m. The diameter D11 of the shaft of the seedling delivery conveyor belt 30 is 80mm. The length L12 of the combing conveyor belt is 2.5m, and the diameter D12 of the shaft of the combing conveyor belt is 60mm. Based on the agronomic requirements for the number of seedlings per acre, the seedling delivery speed range of the seedling delivery conveyor belt 30 can be calculated using a formula, as shown in the table.

[0032] Walking speed v0 / (m / s) [0,2] Width W / m [4,7] Number of seedlings per mu (N / plant) [18000,22000] Seedling bin volume Q / plant [76000,85000] Rice seedling conveyor belt speed: 30 m / s [0.0015,0.005] In-depth research into the working characteristics of the seedling combing device 3 revealed a significant correlation between its operating parameters and operational effectiveness: when the rotational speed of the seedling combing conveyor belt 31 is too high and the density of the combing teeth 310 is too large, the dynamic load on the mechanism will increase, significantly reducing mechanical reliability and increasing the probability of mechanical damage to seedlings; conversely, if the rotational speed is too low and the spacing between the combing teeth 310 is too large, the combing efficiency will decrease, seriously affecting the quality of the operation. Therefore, it is necessary to rationally design the parameters of the seedling combing device 3 and match the seedling feeding speed of the seedling feeding conveyor belt 30 to achieve seedling-free operation and prevent seedling damage. After testing, when the operating speed of the seedling feeding conveyor belt 30 is within the derived range, the combing speed of the seedling combing conveyor belt 31 is [0.7, 2] m / s, and the spacing α of the combing teeth 310 is [50, 70] cm, which meets the seedling combing requirements. On the seedling thrower, α is selected as 65 cm, and the combing teeth 310 are welded to the seedling combing conveyor belt 31 and arranged in a cross pattern with a spacing of 24 cm to further reduce the risk of seedling jamming. Calculations show that the volume of a single row of 310 seedling combs is [3.4×10-6, 1.14×10-5] m3, which can meet the requirements for the amount of seedlings planted per unit time.

[0033] The techniques not described above are common knowledge to those skilled in the art. The above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rice self-sequential rice transplanter, comprising a seedling bin (2), a seedling combing device (3), a seedling equalization device (4), and an air supply device (5) mounted on a frame (1). The seedling combing device (3) is installed inside the seedling bin (2), and the seedling combing device (3) combs the seedlings from the seedling bin (2) to the seedling equalization device (4). The seedling equalization device (4) transports the seedlings to the air supply device (5), which then throws them into the air. The device is characterized in that... The seedling equalization device (4) includes a primary seedling equalization device (40) and a secondary seedling equalization device (41). The primary seedling equalization device (40) includes a primary conveyor belt (400) and a primary seedling equalization wheel (401). The primary seedling equalization wheel (401) is installed above the primary conveyor belt (400). The primary conveyor belt (400) and the primary seedling equalization wheel (401) rotate in the same direction. When the primary seedling equalization wheel (401) contacts the seedlings, it applies a reverse force to the seedlings, pushing back any excess seedlings. The secondary seedling equalization device (41) includes a secondary conveyor belt (410) and a secondary seedling equalization wheel (411). The secondary seedling equalization wheel (411) is installed above the secondary conveyor belt (410). The secondary conveyor belt (410) and the secondary seedling equalization wheel (411) rotate in the same direction. When the secondary seedling equalization wheel (411) contacts the seedlings, it applies a reverse force to the seedlings, pushing back any excess seedlings. The primary conveyor belt (400) and the secondary conveyor belt (410) rotate in the same direction. The primary conveyor belt (400) transports seedlings to the secondary conveyor belt (410). The secondary conveyor belt (410) is installed horizontally, while the primary conveyor belt (400) is installed at an angle. Seedling teeth (42) are installed on the primary seedling distribution wheel (401) and the secondary seedling distribution wheel (411), dividing the circumference of the primary seedling distribution wheel (401) and the secondary seedling distribution wheel (411) into several sectors with a central angle of θ. The seedling teeth (42) are evenly distributed along the sectors with a central angle of θ. When the seedling transport distance of the primary conveyor belt (400) is within two adjacent seedling teeth (42), the primary seedling distribution wheel (401) rotates through at least one sector with an angle of θ. When the seedling transport distance of the secondary conveyor belt (410) is within two adjacent seedling teeth (42), the secondary seedling distribution wheel (411) rotates through at least one sector with an angle of θ. The seedling combing device (3) includes a seedling combing conveyor belt (31) and a seedling delivery conveyor belt (30). The seedling delivery conveyor belt (30) is installed horizontally, and the seedling combing conveyor belt (31) is installed at an angle. The angle between the seedling delivery conveyor belt (30) and the seedling combing conveyor belt (31) is 30 to 60 degrees. The seedling delivery conveyor belt (30) and the seedling combing conveyor belt (31) rotate in opposite directions. The seedling combing speed of the seedling combing conveyor belt (31) is greater than the seedling delivery speed of the seedling delivery conveyor belt (30). The seedling combing teeth (310) are evenly distributed on the seedling combing conveyor belt (31). The distance between two adjacent rows of seedling combing teeth (310) is 100 to 130 mm, and the distance between adjacent seedling combing teeth (310) in the same row is 50 to 70 mm. The seedling combing speed of the seedling combing conveyor belt (31) is 0.7 to 2 m / s, and the seedling delivery speed of the seedling delivery conveyor belt (30) is 1.5 to 5 mm / s.

2. The rice self-sequential transplanter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seedling conveying speed of the primary conveyor belt (400) is lower than the return speed of the primary seedling equalizer (401), and the ratio of the seedling conveying speed of the primary conveyor belt (400) to the return speed of the primary seedling equalizer (401) is 1:3; the seedling conveying speed of the secondary conveyor belt (410) is lower than the return speed of the secondary seedling equalizer (411), and the ratio of the seedling conveying speed of the secondary conveyor belt (410) to the return speed of the secondary seedling equalizer (411) is 1:

3.

3. The rice self-sequential transplanter according to claim 2, characterized in that, The installation height of the first-stage seed-equalizing wheel (401) relative to the first-stage conveyor belt (400) is 120~170mm, and the installation height of the second-stage seed-equalizing wheel (411) relative to the second-stage conveyor belt (410) is 120~170mm.

4. The rice self-sequential transplanter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the secondary conveyor belt (410) and the primary conveyor belt (400) is 10 degrees.

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