Coal direct liquefaction residue mesoporous carbon, preparation method and application

Abstract

The application discloses coal direct liquefaction residue mesoporous carbon, a preparation method and application, and relates to the technical field of mesoporous carbon material preparation. The method comprises the following steps: refining coal direct liquefaction residue to obtain refined pitch; mixing the refined pitch with a solvent to obtain a uniform solution; then mixing the uniform solution with a surfactant to obtain a precursor solution; and finally uniformly impregnating a template material in the precursor by using an initial wet impregnation technology, solidifying, carbonizing and obtaining mesoporous carbon. The application can not only effectively improve the resource utilization of coal direct liquefaction residue, but also optimize the pore structure of the mesoporous carbon material, enhance the electrical conductivity and electrochemical performance of the mesoporous carbon material, and be suitable for energy storage and catalysis and other applications in multiple high-performance fields.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mesoporous carbon material preparation technology, specifically to a mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Coal direct liquefaction residue, a byproduct of coal chemical processes, contains abundant aromatic compounds and carbonaceous substances, representing a potential low-cost carbon source. With the increasing demand for resource recycling, the high-value utilization of coal direct liquefaction residue has gradually become a research hotspot. Especially in the field of carbon material preparation, the use of coal direct liquefaction residue as a raw material can not only effectively reduce waste emissions but also provide inexpensive raw materials for carbon material preparation. However, the direct application of coal direct liquefaction residue still faces many technical challenges, particularly in the control of raw material inhomogeneity, the presence of impurities, and pore structure.

[0003] Mesoporous carbon materials are widely used in supercapacitors, batteries, and catalyst supports due to their excellent electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, and tunable pore structure. To achieve the preparation of high-performance mesoporous carbon, the template method is often used to control the pore structure, which can precisely adjust the pore size distribution and pore shape. However, the template method usually relies on expensive template materials, and the template removal process is complex, increasing production costs and energy consumption. Therefore, how to reduce the cost of template materials, simplify the template removal process, and simultaneously optimize the pore structure of carbon materials has become a key issue in the preparation of mesoporous carbon.

[0004] Therefore, optimizing the pore structure of mesoporous carbon materials while realizing the resource utilization of coal direct liquefaction residue has become a research hotspot for those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue. This method achieves efficient resource utilization of coal direct liquefaction residue through the reaction of refined pitch with surfactants, initial wet impregnation template technology, and high-temperature carbonization treatment, and constructs a mesoporous network with a regular pore structure in the carbon material. This technology not only effectively improves the resource utilization of coal direct liquefaction residue but also optimizes the pore structure of the mesoporous carbon material, enhancing its electrical conductivity and electrochemical performance, making it suitable for energy storage and catalysis applications in multiple high-performance fields.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A method for preparing mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue includes the following steps:

[0008] a. Refine and purify the residue from direct coal liquefaction to obtain refined asphalt with an ash content of no more than 0.2%;

[0009] b. The refined asphalt obtained in step a is mixed with a solvent at a certain temperature to form a homogeneous solution, wherein the mass ratio of the refined asphalt to the solvent is 1:2.

[0010] c. The homogeneous solution obtained in step b is mixed with a surfactant to obtain a precursor solution. The mass ratio of the surfactant to the refined asphalt is 5:1. The surfactant is used to guide the formation of the pore structure of the mesoporous carbon material and to control its pore size and specific surface area.

[0011] d. Under controlled humidity conditions, the precursor solution is introduced into the template material with an ordered pore structure by impregnation. After the precursor spontaneously fills the pores under capillary action, it is placed in an air atmosphere for curing to obtain an oxidatively cured composite material.

[0012] e. The oxidative curing composite material is subjected to high-temperature carbonization treatment under a nitrogen atmosphere and then acid-washed to obtain ordered mesoporous carbon.

[0013] In the above-mentioned method for preparing mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue, step a involves refining and purifying to remove ash, metallic impurities, and other insoluble substances from the coal direct liquefaction residue.

[0014] In the above-mentioned method for preparing mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue, in step b, the solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, toluene, or dichloromethane, and the mixture is stirred at 55–65°C for 3–5 hours.

[0015] In the above-mentioned method for preparing mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue, in step c, the mixing temperature of the homogeneous solution and the surfactant is 55-65℃, and the mixture is stirred for 1-3 hours; the surfactant is dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride or hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide.

[0016] In the above-mentioned method for preparing mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue, the template material in step d is MCM-41 or SBA-1.

[0017] In the above-mentioned method for preparing mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue, the precursor solution is added dropwise to the template material in one step, and stirring or rotary evaporation is maintained during the dropwise addition until the powder is uniformly moist but without flowing droplets.

[0018] In the above-mentioned method for preparing mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue, step d involves a curing temperature of 300℃, a heating rate of 5℃ / min, and a curing time of 2 hours.

[0019] In the above-mentioned method for preparing mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue, step e involves a carbonization temperature of 700℃, a heating rate of 5℃ / min, and a carbonization time of 3 hours.

[0020] Another object of the present invention is to provide mesoporous carbon prepared by the above-mentioned method for preparing mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue.

[0021] Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned mesoporous carbon from direct coal liquefaction residue in the fields of supercapacitor electrode materials, energy storage and catalysis.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention brings the following beneficial technical effects:

[0023] This invention provides a method for preparing mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue. The method involves mixing a homogeneous solution with a surfactant, which effectively improves the dispersibility and uniformity of the coal direct liquefaction residue. Furthermore, the surfactant can regulate the interfacial tension of the system, promoting the uniform distribution of asphaltenes and other carbon source substances in the solution, reducing agglomeration, and providing a favorable physical environment for the subsequent uniform impregnation of the template agent. Simultaneously, the surfactant can also guide the formation of pore structures to a certain extent, contributing to obtaining mesoporous carbon materials with higher specific surface area and more uniform pore size distribution, thereby significantly improving the structural order and performance stability of the final carbon material.

[0024] In the preparation method, the initial wet impregnation template method effectively ensures the uniform distribution of the precursor and minimizes the amount of template used, while simplifying the template removal process. During carbonization, the template material can be successfully removed at high temperature, forming a mesoporous carbon structure with high specific surface area and good pore connectivity. This structural regulation mechanism enhances the pore connectivity of the carbon material, which helps to improve conductivity and electrochemical performance, thereby enhancing the performance of mesoporous carbon in energy storage applications.

[0025] The mesoporous carbon material prepared by this invention possesses high specific surface area, excellent pore structure, and superior electrical conductivity, making it suitable for multiple high-performance applications, especially showing significant advantages in energy storage and catalysis. Compared with traditional materials using resins or biomass as precursors, the preparation method of this invention is more efficient and economical, with stable raw material sources, possessing strong practical application potential and large-scale production capacity. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0027] Figure 1 The N2 adsorption-desorption curves are for the mesoporous materials prepared in Examples 1-6 of this invention.

[0028] Figure 2 The diagram shows the pore size distribution of the mesoporous materials prepared in Examples 1-6 of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] This invention proposes a method for preparing mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue and its application. To make the advantages and technical solutions of this invention clearer and more explicit, the invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0030] All the raw materials required for this invention can be purchased through commercial channels.

[0031] The main technical concept of this invention is as follows: using coal direct liquefaction residue as raw material, refined asphalt with low ash content is obtained through purification, and then surfactants are used to improve the dispersibility and uniformity of coal direct liquefaction residue. Combined with the initial wet impregnation template technology, the distribution state of the residue in the template channel is precisely controlled, thereby constructing a mesoporous carbon material with stable structure and uniform and regular pore size.

[0032] Example 1:

[0033] A method for preparing mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue includes the following steps:

[0034] Step 1: Purify the coal direct liquefaction residue by solvent extraction, acid washing, alkali washing or other chemical methods to remove ash, metal impurities and other insoluble substances, and obtain refined bitumen with an ash content of no more than 0.2%.

[0035] Step 2: Mix the refined asphalt obtained in Step 1 with dimethyl sulfoxide to form a homogeneous solution. The mass ratio of refined asphalt to dimethyl sulfoxide is 1:2. After mixing, stir at 60°C for 4 hours.

[0036] Step 3: Mix the homogeneous solution obtained in Step 2 with dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC). The mass ratio of refined asphalt to dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC) is 1:5. After mixing, stir at 60°C for 2 hours.

[0037] Step 4: Take an appropriate amount of template material MCM-41 and impregnate it with the precursor solution under initial wet conditions: control the solution to be added to the template drop by drop, stirring gently while adding, until the powder is uniformly moistened and there are no flowing droplets. Place the impregnated material in an air atmosphere and put it into a muffle furnace, heat it to 300℃ at 5℃ / min, and cure it for 2 hours;

[0038] Step 5: Transfer the cured material obtained in Step 4 into a nitrogen-protected muffle furnace, heat it to 700℃ at 5℃ / min, carbonize it for 3 hours, and then obtain mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue after acid washing.

[0039] Example 2:

[0040] A method for preparing mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue includes the following steps:

[0041] Step 1: Purify the coal direct liquefaction residue by solvent extraction, acid washing, alkali washing or other chemical methods to remove ash, metal impurities and other insoluble substances, and obtain refined bitumen with an ash content of no more than 0.2%.

[0042] Step 2: Mix the refined asphalt obtained in Step 1 with toluene to form a homogeneous solution. The mass ratio of refined asphalt to toluene is 1:2. After mixing, stir at 60°C for 4 hours.

[0043] Step 3: Mix the homogeneous solution obtained in Step 2 with dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC). The mass ratio of refined asphalt to dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC) is 1:5. Stir the mixture at 60°C for 2 hours.

[0044] Step 4: Take an appropriate amount of template material MCM-41 and impregnate it with the precursor solution under initial wet conditions: control the solution to be added to the template drop by drop, stirring gently while adding, until the powder is uniformly moistened and there are no flowing droplets. Place the impregnated material in an air atmosphere and put it into a muffle furnace, heat it to 300℃ at 5℃ / min, and cure it for 2 hours;

[0045] Step 5: Transfer the cured material obtained in Step 4 into a nitrogen-protected muffle furnace, heat it to 700℃ at 5℃ / min, carbonize it for 3 hours, and then obtain mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue after acid washing.

[0046] Example 3:

[0047] The difference from Example 1 is that:

[0048] In step two, the refined asphalt obtained in step one is mixed with dichloromethane to form a homogeneous solution. The mass ratio of refined asphalt to dichloromethane is 1:2. After mixing, the mixture is stirred at 60°C for 4 hours.

[0049] Example 4:

[0050] The difference from Example 1 is that:

[0051] In step three, the homogeneous solution obtained in step two is mixed with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The mass ratio of refined asphalt to hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is 1:5. After mixing, the mixture is stirred at 60°C for 2 hours.

[0052] Example 5:

[0053] The difference from Example 1 is that:

[0054] Step 4: Take an appropriate amount of template material SBA-15 and impregnate it with the precursor solution under initial moist conditions: control the solution to be added to the template drop by drop, stirring gently while adding, until the powder is uniformly moistened and there are no flowing droplets. Place the impregnated material in an air atmosphere, put it into a muffle furnace, and heat it to 300℃ at 5℃ / min, and cure it for 2 hours.

[0055] Comparative Example 1:

[0056] A method for preparing mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue includes the following steps:

[0057] Step 1: Purify the coal direct liquefaction residue by solvent extraction, acid washing, alkali washing or other chemical methods to remove ash, metal impurities and other insoluble substances, and obtain refined bitumen with an ash content of no more than 0.2%.

[0058] Step 2: Mix the refined asphalt obtained in Step 1 with dimethyl sulfoxide to form a homogeneous solution. The mass ratio of refined asphalt to dimethyl sulfoxide is 1:1. After mixing, stir at 60°C for 4 hours.

[0059] Step 3: Mix the homogeneous solution obtained in Step 2 with dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC). The mass ratio of refined asphalt to dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC) is 1:5. After mixing, stir at 60°C for 2 hours.

[0060] Step 4: Take an appropriate amount of template material MCM-41 and impregnate it with the precursor solution under initial wet conditions: control the solution to be added to the template drop by drop, stirring gently while adding, until the powder is uniformly moistened and there are no flowing droplets. Place the impregnated material in an air atmosphere and put it into a muffle furnace, heat it to 300℃ at 5℃ / min, and cure it for 2 hours;

[0061] Step 5: Transfer the solidified material obtained in Step 4 into a nitrogen-protected muffle furnace, heat it to 700℃ at 5℃ / min, carbonize it for 3 hours, and then obtain the finished product of mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue after acid washing.

[0062] In this comparative example, reducing the proportion of asphalt dissolved resulted in insufficient asphalt dissolution due to the reduced solvent content, leading to the presence of asphalt agglomerates in the solution. This made it difficult for the reaction to proceed uniformly when subsequently mixed with the surfactant, resulting in significant differences in the degree of polymerization of the precursors. Furthermore, during template impregnation, the agglomerated asphalt easily clogged the pores, resulting in an incomplete mesoporous structure and inferior specific surface area and pore size distribution compared to the original proportion. After carbonization, the carbon material exhibited low porosity and numerous structural defects. When used as functional materials (such as energy storage electrodes and catalyst supports), ion transport and active site exposure were limited, significantly reducing performance (specific capacity, catalytic activity, etc.).

[0063] Comparative Example 2:

[0064] A method for preparing mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue includes the following steps:

[0065] Step 1: Purify the coal direct liquefaction residue by solvent extraction, acid washing, alkali washing or other chemical methods to remove ash, metal impurities and other insoluble substances, and obtain refined bitumen with an ash content of no more than 0.2%.

[0066] Step 2: Mix the refined asphalt obtained in Step 1 with dimethyl sulfoxide to form a homogeneous solution. The mass ratio of refined asphalt to dimethyl sulfoxide is 1:2. After mixing, stir at 60°C for 4 hours.

[0067] Step 3: Take an appropriate amount of template material MCM-41 and impregnate it with the uniform solution under initial moist conditions: control the solution to be added to the template drop by drop, stirring gently while adding, until the powder is uniformly moistened and there are no flowing droplets. Place the impregnated material in an air atmosphere, put it into a muffle furnace, and heat it to 300℃ at 5℃ / min, and cure it for 2 hours;

[0068] Step 4: Transfer the cured material obtained in Step 3 into a nitrogen-protected muffle furnace, heat it to 700℃ at 5℃ / min, carbonize it for 3 hours, and then obtain the finished product of mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue after acid washing.

[0069] This comparative example lacks the step of adding a surfactant; mesoporous carbon is prepared solely through asphalt dissolution, template impregnation, curing, and carbonization. Without a surfactant, the molecules in the solution are poorly dispersed and tend to aggregate. During template impregnation, the solution cannot penetrate uniformly into the template pores, resulting in uneven distribution of the precursor within the template. Subsequent curing and carbonization exacerbate this unevenness, leading to a disordered mesoporous carbon structure with significantly reduced pore order and uniformity. When used as a functional material, such as for energy storage or catalysis, the reduced specific surface area, wider and more disordered pore size distribution hinders ion or molecular transport and results in uneven distribution of active sites, leading to decreased performance. For example, the specific capacity for energy storage decreases, and the reactivity and selectivity of catalysis deteriorate.

[0070] Comparative Example 3:

[0071] A method for preparing mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue includes the following steps:

[0072] Step 1: Purify the coal direct liquefaction residue by solvent extraction, acid washing, alkali washing or other chemical methods to remove ash, metal impurities and other insoluble substances, and obtain refined bitumen with an ash content of no more than 0.2%.

[0073] Step 2: Mix the refined asphalt obtained in Step 1 with dimethyl sulfoxide to form a homogeneous solution. The mass ratio of refined asphalt to dimethyl sulfoxide is 1:2. After mixing, stir at 60°C for 4 hours.

[0074] Step 3: Mix the homogeneous solution obtained in Step 2 with dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC). The mass ratio of refined asphalt to dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC) is 1:5. After mixing, stir at 60°C for 2 hours.

[0075] Step 4: Take the template material MCM-41. After simply mixing the precursor solution with the MCM-41 template material, place the material in an air atmosphere and put it into a muffle furnace. Heat the material to 300℃ at 5℃ / min and cure for 2 hours.

[0076] Step 5: Transfer the solidified material obtained in Step 4 into a nitrogen-protected muffle furnace, heat it to 700℃ at 5℃ / min, carbonize it for 3 hours, and then obtain the finished product of mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue after acid washing.

[0077] This comparative example did not employ initial wet impregnation; the precursor and template were directly mixed. Initial wet impregnation allows the solution to precisely and uniformly fill the template pores, ensuring an orderly distribution of the precursor. In contrast, simple mixing results in a chaotic dispersion of the solution within the template, with some pores potentially not fully filled and others excessively aggregated. During subsequent curing, this uneven precursor distribution leads to inconsistent structures in the cured product. The resulting mesoporous carbon exhibits significantly reduced pore order and connectivity, and a decreased specific surface area. When used as a functional material, such as an energy storage electrode, ion transport within the pores is hindered, and active sites cannot be fully exposed, resulting in a significant decrease in energy storage properties, such as specific capacity.

[0078] Comparative Example 4:

[0079] A method for preparing mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue includes the following steps:

[0080] Step 1: Purify the coal direct liquefaction residue by solvent extraction, acid washing, alkali washing or other chemical methods to remove ash, metal impurities and other insoluble substances, and obtain refined bitumen with an ash content of no more than 0.2%.

[0081] Step 2: Mix the refined asphalt obtained in Step 1 with dimethyl sulfoxide to form a homogeneous solution. The mass ratio of refined asphalt to dimethyl sulfoxide is 1:2. After mixing, stir at 60°C for 4 hours.

[0082] Step 3: Mix the homogeneous solution obtained in Step 2 with dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC). The mass ratio of refined asphalt to dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC) is 1:5. After mixing, stir at 60°C for 2 hours.

[0083] Step 4: Take an appropriate amount of template material MCM-41 and impregnate it with the precursor solution under initial wet conditions: control the solution to be added to the template drop by drop, stirring gently while adding, until the powder is evenly moistened and there are no flowing droplets.

[0084] Step 5: Transfer the material obtained in Step 4 into a nitrogen-protected muffle furnace, heat it to 700℃ at 5℃ / min, carbonize it for 3 hours, and then obtain the finished product of mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue after acid washing.

[0085] This comparative example lacks a curing process; the precursor is impregnated with the template before direct carbonization. Without this step, a stable oxidatively cured composite material cannot be formed after the precursor solution impregnates the template material. Direct high-temperature carbonization makes it difficult for the internal structure of the material to form an orderly structure, resulting in an irregular mesoporous carbon structure with poor pore order and uniformity. As a functional material, it has a small specific surface area, chaotic pore size distribution, low ion or molecule transport efficiency, and poor exposure of active sites, thus significantly reducing related properties such as specific capacity during energy storage and reactivity during catalysis.

[0086] The carbon anode materials prepared in Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were tested, and the test results are shown in Table 1.

[0087] Table 1

[0088] Example 1 850 4.2 Example 2 780 5.4 Example 3 820 4.2 Example 4 800 4.7 Example 5 830 4.8 Comparative Example 1 650 4.8 Comparative Example 2 500 4.5 Comparative Example 3 580 4.6 Comparative Example 4 450 5.2

[0089] Figure 1 The graphs show the N2 adsorption-desorption curves of the mesoporous materials prepared in Examples 1-6 of the present invention. Figure 2 The images show the pore size distribution of the mesoporous materials prepared in Examples 1-6 of this invention. In terms of comparison between the examples, the performance gradient of mesoporous carbon was optimized by controlling three core variables: solvent, surfactant, and template. Based on Example 1, when toluene was used as the solvent, the pores became locally narrowed due to toluene's weaker solubility in asphalt compared to dimethyl sulfoxide, resulting in a decrease in specific surface area to 780 m² / g. When dichloromethane was used, although its volatility affected pore uniformity, the overall structure was well preserved, and the specific surface area remained at 820 m² / g. When cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was used as the surfactant, the pore formation changed due to its different interaction with asphalt, leading to corresponding changes in specific surface area and other properties. Using other suitable surfactants verified the regulatory effect of surfactants on pore structure. When SBA-15 was used as the template, its ordered pore guidance resulted in a better mesoporous structure and an increased specific surface area, further highlighting the key value of the template in the ordered pore structure of mesoporous carbon. In each example, the ratio of asphalt to solvent (1:2) and asphalt to surfactant (1:5) ensured the orderly construction of the mesoporous structure.

[0090] In the comparative examples, the necessity of the process was verified by omitting or altering key steps. Comparative Example 1: Reducing the asphalt-solvent ratio to 1:1 resulted in insufficient asphalt dissolution, leading to precursor agglomeration and significant pore blockage, with a specific surface area of ​​only 650 m² / g, confirming that an appropriate dissolution ratio is fundamental for pore construction. Comparative Example 2: Omitting the addition of surfactant resulted in poor asphalt molecule dispersion and a lack of good pore formation guidance, leading to poor pore structure after carbonization, with a specific surface area of ​​500 m² / g, demonstrating the necessity of surfactant for pore formation and structural integrity. Comparative Example 3: Discarding initial wetting resulted in uneven precursor distribution causing disordered pore filling, with a specific surface area of ​​580 m² / g, highlighting the importance of initial wetting for uniform pore replication. Comparative Example 4: Skipping curing resulted in weak precursor-template bonding, leading to a loose and deformed structure after carbonization, with a specific surface area of ​​450 m² / g, verifying the role of curing in structural shaping. The four comparative examples respectively demonstrate the necessity of solvent adaptation, surfactant regulation, initial wet load, and curing and shaping, highlighting the innovation of the multi-step synergistic process.

[0091] In summary, the mesoporous carbon prepared from coal direct liquefaction residue by this invention achieves controllable pore structure and properties through the synergistic effects of solvent dispersion, surfactant regulation, initial wetting loading, solidification and shaping, and carbonization conversion. The solvent ensures asphalt dispersion, the surfactant assists in the construction of the pore framework, the initial wetting impregnation provides precise loading, solidification and shaping enhances stability, and carbonization completes the mesoporous conversion.

[0092] Any parts not mentioned in this invention can be achieved by referring to existing technologies.

[0093] Those skilled in the art should recognize that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any appropriate changes and variations made to the above embodiments within the essential spirit and scope of this application fall within the scope of protection claimed in this application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: a. Refine and purify the residue from direct coal liquefaction to obtain refined asphalt with an ash content of no more than 0.2%; b. The refined asphalt obtained in step a is mixed with a solvent at a certain temperature to form a homogeneous solution, wherein the mass ratio of the refined asphalt to the solvent is 1:

2. c. The homogeneous solution obtained in step b is mixed with a surfactant to obtain a precursor solution. The mass ratio of the surfactant to the refined asphalt is 5:

1. The surfactant is used to guide the formation of the pore structure of the mesoporous carbon material and to control its pore size and specific surface area. d. Under controlled humidity conditions, the precursor solution is introduced into the template material with an ordered pore structure by impregnation. After the precursor spontaneously fills the pores under capillary action, it is placed in an air atmosphere for curing to obtain an oxidatively cured composite material. e. The oxidized and cured composite material is subjected to high-temperature carbonization treatment under a nitrogen atmosphere and then acid-washed to obtain ordered mesoporous carbon. In step c, the mixing temperature of the homogeneous solution and the surfactant is 55-65°C, and the mixture is stirred for 1-3 hours; the surfactant is dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride or hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. In step d, the precursor solution is added dropwise to the template material in one go. During the dropwise addition, stirring or rotary evaporation is maintained until the template material powder is uniformly moistened but without flowing droplets. In step d, the curing temperature is 300℃, the heating rate is 5℃ / min, and the curing time is 2 hours; The template materials are MCM-41 and SBA-1.

2. The method for preparing mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step a, refining and purification remove ash, metallic impurities, and other insoluble substances from the coal direct liquefaction residue.

3. The method for preparing mesoporous carbon from direct coal liquefaction residue according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step b, the solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, toluene, or dichloromethane, and the mixture is stirred at 55–65°C for 3–5 hours.

4. The method for preparing mesoporous carbon from coal direct liquefaction residue according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step e, the carbonization temperature is 700℃, the heating rate is 5℃ / min, and the carbonization time is 3 hours.

5. A mesoporous carbon residue from direct coal liquefaction, characterized in that, It is prepared by the preparation method described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The application of the mesoporous carbon from direct coal liquefaction residue as described in claim 5 in the fields of supercapacitor electrode materials, energy storage, and catalysis.

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