A tubular alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzer and hydrogen production system

Abstract

This invention discloses a tubular alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzer and system. The electrolyzer mainly includes a skirt, a lower end cap, a lower tube sheet, a lower cylinder, an intermediate tube sheet, an upper cylinder, an upper tube sheet, an upper end cap, and several electrolysis chamber units. Several baffles are provided inside the lower cylinder. Each electrolysis chamber is uniformly arranged between the upper and lower tube sheets. Each electrolysis chamber unit includes a cathode and an anode. A hydrogen production system is also disclosed, tailored to the structural characteristics of the tubular electrolyzer and matched with processes suitable for wind and solar power generation. The electrolyzer and hydrogen production system provided by this invention have advantages such as convenient maintenance, no need for additional hot standby processes and equipment, timely and accurate temperature control, minimal corrosion of equipment by the purified alkaline solution, and low total power consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen production technology, and more specifically to a tubular alkaline hydrogen electrolyzer and hydrogen production system. Background Technology

[0002] Alkaline water electrolysis (ALK) technology has become a widely used hydrogen production technology due to its maturity and low cost. The structure of an alkaline electrolyzer includes end plates, electrodes, diaphragms, gaskets, and fastening screws. The electrodes, fixed to the plates, are the primary sites of electrochemical reactions. Gaskets are located in the center of the electrolysis chambers to prevent leakage of electrolyte and gases generated during electrolysis. Alkaline water electrolysis technology uses an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide as the electrolyte. Direct current is applied to the anode and cathode of the electrolyzer, and the hydrogen and oxygen generated in the reaction are separated by a diaphragm. After the hydrogen and oxygen are separated by the alkaline hydrogen production separation system, the alkaline solution continues to participate in the electrolysis cycle.

[0003] In existing technologies, electrode plates, gaskets, etc., are stacked on top of each other and then tightened and fixed by fastening screws and disc springs. The installation and disassembly of alkaline electrolyzers with hundreds of small chambers is inconvenient. As mentioned in publication number CN116377509A, during maintenance, the entire alkaline electrolyzer needs to be completely disassembled. This not only causes the clamping force between the bipolar plates and gaskets to disappear, leading to seal failure, but also complicates the maintenance procedure and causes unnecessary waste.

[0004] Because alkaline electrolyzers often require a certain amount of time to reach their rated temperature during cold start-up, and green hydrogen requires matching wind and solar power, which are subject to fluctuations and randomness, when wind and solar loads are low, the electrolyzer power falls below its rated power, causing a drop in electrolyzer temperature and reduced efficiency of the electrolysis process. Therefore, a hot standby process device is often used to heat the alkali solution, thereby reducing cold start-up time and maintaining a certain temperature by supplementing heating the alkali solution when the power is below the rated power. When the rated power is reached or exceeded, more heat is generated, causing the electrolyzer temperature to rise, necessitating the use of an external alkali solution cooler to remove heat. While meeting process requirements, this increases equipment investment, and during equipment operation, it results in longer control loops, hindering timely and rapid response feedback.

[0005] The existing alkaline electrolyzer process requires a large amount of alkali solution circulation during operation, which increases the load on the alkali solution circulation pump and increases the production cost of hydrogen.

[0006] When high-temperature alkaline solution flows through stainless steel equipment and pipelines during circulation, it will corrode the equipment and pipelines to a certain extent, allowing iron ions to enter the alkaline solution circulation process. This causes iron ions to deposit on the cathode side, covering the original active layer, which accelerates the decline of electrolysis performance. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a tubular alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzer and hydrogen production system, thereby solving problems such as inconvenient disassembly and installation of the electrolyzer, long cold start-up time, lagging temperature control, and corrosion of stainless steel equipment and pipelines by alkaline solution during hydrogen production.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve the technical problem is: a tubular alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzer, the electrolyzer mainly comprising a skirt, a lower end cap, a lower tube sheet, a lower cylinder, an intermediate tube sheet, an upper cylinder, an upper tube sheet, an upper end cap, and several electrolysis chamber units; the lower cylinder is connected to the lower end cap, the upper cylinder is connected to the lower cylinder, and the upper cylinder is connected to the upper end cap; the lower end cap is provided with a drain port and an alkaline inlet port, the upper cylinder is provided with a cathode product outlet, and the upper end cap is provided with an anode product outlet; the upper end of the upper cylinder is provided with an upper tube sheet, and the upper and lower ends of the lower cylinder are respectively provided with an intermediate tube sheet and a lower tube sheet; the upper cylinder is provided with an anode conductive busbar, and the lower cylinder is provided with a cathode conductive busbar; several baffles are provided inside the lower cylinder; each of the electrolysis chamber units is evenly arranged between the upper tube sheet and the lower tube sheet.

[0009] Furthermore, the electrolysis chamber unit includes an anode tube, an anode, a diaphragm, a cathode, a cathode tube, and an insulating tube; the anode is located outside the anode tube, the diaphragm is located outside the anode, the cathode is located outside the diaphragm, the cathode tube is located outside the cathode, and the insulating tube covers the outside of the cathode tube; the lower end of the cathode tube extends out of the lower tube sheet by a certain distance and is connected to the lower tube sheet, and the upper end extends out of the middle tube sheet by a certain distance and is connected to the middle tube sheet; the upper end of the anode tube extends out of the upper tube sheet by a certain distance and is connected to the upper tube sheet; both the anode and the cathode are placed between the middle tube sheet and the lower tube sheet.

[0010] Furthermore, the electrolysis chamber unit also includes an anode sleeve, which is fixed to the upper outer wall of the anode tube; inside the anode sleeve, the outer wall of the anode tube is provided with multiple curved openings.

[0011] Furthermore, the electrolysis chamber unit also includes a clamp that fixes the diaphragm to the outside of the anode sleeve.

[0012] Furthermore, the outer side of the cathode tube has a smooth wall surface, and the inner side has a threaded structure, which is used to increase the turbulence performance of the gas-liquid fluid on the cathode side; the outer side of the anode tube has a threaded structure, and the inner side has a smooth wall surface, which is used to enhance the fluid turbulence performance in the anode channel; both the cathode tube and the anode tube are stainless steel nickel-plated structures with a plating thickness of 30-50 μm.

[0013] Furthermore, each of the electrolysis chamber units is arranged uniformly in an equilateral triangle or square configuration in a direction perpendicular to the upper and lower tube sheets.

[0014] Furthermore, each of the aforementioned baffles has an arc-shaped opening on one side, and the arc-shaped openings between two adjacent baffles are in opposite directions; each of the aforementioned electrolysis chamber units is evenly distributed between the aforementioned baffles.

[0015] Furthermore, insulating gaskets are used to seal the upper end cap with the upper cylinder, the upper cylinder with the lower cylinder, and the lower cylinder with the lower end cap, and screws and nuts are used for fixing; the screw is isolated by a screw insulating sleeve, the inner side of the nut is blocked by a nut insulating pad, and a washer is placed between the nut and the nut insulating pad.

[0016] A hydrogen production system includes a tubular alkaline hydrogen electrolyzer; the lower part of the lower cylinder of the electrolyzer is provided with a utility inlet, and the upper part is provided with a utility outlet; an inlet three-way valve and an outlet three-way valve are respectively provided at the front end of the utility inlet and the rear end of the utility outlet; cooling water supply pipeline and heating low-pressure steam supply pipeline are provided on both sides of the inlet three-way valve; cooling water return pipeline and condensate return pipeline are provided on both sides of the outlet three-way valve; the cathode product outlet and anode product outlet of the electrolyzer enter hydrogen-alkali separation and oxygen-alkali separation respectively to obtain crude hydrogen and crude oxygen.

[0017] Furthermore, the cooling water supply pipeline is equipped with a cooling water solenoid valve and a cooling water inlet valve; the low-pressure steam supply pipeline is equipped with a low-pressure steam supply valve and a low-pressure steam supply solenoid valve; the condensate return pipeline is equipped with a condensate return valve; and the cooling water return pipeline is equipped with a cooling water return valve.

[0018] Furthermore, a main temperature controller TC1 is provided at the front end of the alkali inlet, and a secondary temperature controller TC2 is provided in the tubular alkaline hydrogen production electrolysis cell. The main temperature controller TC1 and the secondary temperature controller TC2 are used to control the cooling water solenoid valve and the low-pressure steam upper pipe solenoid valve separately.

[0019] Furthermore, the circulating alkaline solution after hydrogen-alkali separation and oxygen-alkali separation passes through an alkaline solution circulation pump, enters an alkaline solution filter, and then enters resin adsorption tower A or resin adsorption tower B. Resin adsorption tower A and resin adsorption tower B are operated in a one-on-one standby configuration.

[0020] Furthermore, the hydrogen production system also includes a solar-powered industrial waste heat steam drum, which uses solar molten salt and industrial waste heat as heating sources to generate low-pressure steam that enters the low-pressure steam upper pipeline; the condensate returns to the solar-powered industrial waste heat steam drum through the condensate return pipeline.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Compared with the prior art, the tubular alkaline hydrogen electrolyzer and hydrogen production system provided by this invention have the following advantages:

[0022] 1) When maintaining existing alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzers, it is necessary to disassemble the good electrolysis chamber components at the top until the problematic chamber is repaired or its components are replaced. This results in a large workload, and when reassembling the upper electrolysis chambers, the seals may fail due to reuse. However, with the tubular alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzer of this invention, when the electrolyzer needs maintenance, only the nuts and screws of the upper and lower end caps need to be removed, the electrolysis chambers can be pulled out, and the components to be repaired or replaced in one or several electrolysis chamber units can be taken out for operation, while the remaining good electrolysis chamber units can remain untouched.

[0023] 2) Existing alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzers require additional thermal backup processes and equipment for cold start-up and temperature maintenance under low load. When the electrolyzer reaches or exceeds its rated power, the additional alkali cooler suffers from cooling lag. The tubular alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzer of this invention couples the electrolysis and heat exchange modules, eliminating the need for additional thermal backup processes and equipment. Temperature control is also more timely with shorter lag. Furthermore, cascade control is added for more precise temperature regulation of the electrolyzer.

[0024] 3) Existing alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzers have a large circulating alkali flow rate, resulting in a high load on the alkali circulation pump. However, the alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzer of this invention, due to heat exchange in the outer shell side, has a certain temperature gradient in the axial direction of the electrolysis chamber unit. Furthermore, because of the large amount of gaseous products within the electrolysis chamber unit during the electrolysis process, through reasonable component size design and matching with the framework of the alkaline hydrogen production separation system, a certain driving force for the circulating alkali solution will be generated due to the thermosiphon effect, thereby reducing the load on the alkali circulation pump.

[0025] 4) Existing alkaline hydrogen electrolyzers suffer from iron ion content in the circulating alkaline solution due to the corrosion of stainless steel equipment and pipelines by the alkaline solution. During circulation, these iron ions deposit on the cathode side, covering the original active layer and reducing electrolysis efficiency. In this invention, by adding a resin adsorption tower, the iron ions in the alkaline solution are adsorbed by the resin packing layer, thus purifying the alkaline solution and extending the electrode lifespan to some extent.

[0026] 5) In addition, the present invention also combines solar energy and industrial waste heat as heat sources to heat and maintain the temperature of alkaline solution, thereby reducing power consumption. At the same time, the excess steam generated can be sent to the generator set to provide a certain amount of electricity. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tubular alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzer provided by the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a half-sectional view of the tubular alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzer structure provided by the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the electrolysis chamber unit structure of the tubular alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzer provided by the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 A partial exploded view of the tubular alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzer provided by the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the nut connection in the tubular alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzer provided by the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the matching of the tubular alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzer provided by the present invention with public utilities.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen production system provided by the present invention.

[0034] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature control logic of the tubular alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzer in this invention.

[0035] Among them, 1-skirt; 2-lower end cap; 3-lower tube sheet; 4-lower cylinder; 5-intermediate tube sheet; 6-upper cylinder; 7-upper tube sheet; 8-upper end cap; 9-electrolysis chamber unit; 10-drain outlet; 11-alkali inlet; 12-cathode product outlet; 13-anode product outlet; 14-utilities inlet; 15-utilities outlet; 16-baffle; 17-anode electrode; 18-anode; 19-diaphragm; 20-cathode; 21-cathode electrode; 22-insulating tube; 23-clamp; 24-curved opening; 25-anode sleeve; 26-insulating gasket; 27-cathode busbar; 28-anode busbar ; 29-Nut; 30-Screw; 31-Washer; 32-Nut insulating washer; 33-Screw insulating sleeve; 34-Cooling water solenoid valve; 35-Cooling water inlet valve; 36-Inlet three-way valve; 37-Low-pressure steam top pipe valve; 38-Low-pressure steam top pipe solenoid valve; 39-Condensate return pipe valve; 40-Outlet three-way valve; 41-Cooling water return valve; 42-Oxygen-alkali separation; 43-Hydrogen-alkali separation; 44-Alkali circulation pump; 45-Alkali filter; 46-Resin adsorption tower A; 47-Resin adsorption tower B; 48-Main temperature controller TC1; 49-Secondary temperature controller TC2; 50-Solar energy accompanied by industrial waste heat steam drum. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The present invention will be further illustrated below with specific embodiments. However, these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0037] Example

[0038] like Figures 1-5 As shown, this invention provides a tubular alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzer with a lower end cap 2 and an upper end cap 8 at its upper and lower ends, respectively. A skirt 1 is provided on the lower side of the lower end cap 2 for supporting and fixing the equipment. The lower cylinder 4 is connected to the lower end cap 2 via a flange, sealed with an insulating gasket 26. The upper cylinder 6 is connected to the lower cylinder 4 via a flange, sealed with an insulating gasket 26, and secured with nuts 29 and screws 30. The upper cylinder 6 and the upper end cap 8 are connected via a flange and secured with nuts 29 and screws 30. The upper cylinder 6 is provided with an anode conductive bus 28, and the lower cylinder 4 is provided with a cathode conductive bus 27. The lower end cap 2 is provided with a drain port 10 and an alkaline solution inlet port 11; the lower cylinder 4 is provided with a utility inlet 14 and a utility outlet 15; the upper cylinder 6 is provided with a cathode product outlet 12; and the upper end cap 8 is provided with an anode product outlet 13.

[0039] An upper tube sheet 7 is fixed to the upper side of the upper cylinder 6, and an intermediate tube sheet 5 and a lower tube sheet 3 are fixed to both ends of the lower cylinder 4. Multiple baffles 16 are evenly arranged inside the lower cylinder 4. One side of each baffle 16 has an arc-shaped opening, and the arc-shaped openings between adjacent baffles 16 are in opposite directions. Multiple electrolysis chamber units 9 are arranged between the intermediate tube sheet 5 and the lower tube sheet 3, passing through the baffles 16.

[0040] like Figure 2 and 3As shown, in the electrolysis chamber unit 9, the anode tubes 17 are arranged in an equilateral triangle or square and fixed in the upper tube sheet 7, extending a certain length beyond the upper tube sheet. The outer side of the anode tubes 17 has a threaded structure to enhance the fluid turbulence performance in the anode flow channel and promote the separation of the anode gas and liquid phases. The anode 18 is a hollow cylinder, close to the outer side of the anode tubes 17 and placed between the middle tube sheet 5 and the lower tube sheet 3. An anode sleeve 25 of a certain size and length larger than the outer diameter of the anode tube 17 is fixed below the upper tube sheet 7. The upper plane of the anode sleeve 25 has a hole with a diameter equivalent to that of the outer wall of the anode tube 17, and the lower side of the anode sleeve 25 is fully open. The anode sleeve 25 is coaxially inserted into the anode tube 17 and fixed to the outer wall of the anode tube 17. Inside the anode sleeve 25, multiple curved openings 24 are formed on the outer wall of the anode tube 17, allowing fluid from the anode side to flow into the inner side of the anode tube 17 and through the upper tube sheet 7 into the upper end cap 8, and then out from the anode product outlet 13. The diaphragm 19 is a hollow cylindrical shape, wrapped around the outside of the anode 18, and its upper end is fixed to the outside of the anode sleeve 25 with a clamp 23 to prevent the diaphragm 19 from wrinkling, thus separating the cathode and anode gases. The cathode 20 is a hollow cylindrical shape, with its inner side close to the outside of the diaphragm 19, and is placed between the intermediate tube sheet 5 and the lower tube sheet 3. Outside the cathode 20 is the cathode tube 21, whose inner side has a threaded structure to enhance fluid turbulence performance and promote the separation of the cathode gas and liquid phases. The upper end of the cathode tube 21 is fixed to the intermediate tube sheet 5 and extends a certain length, while the lower end of the cathode tube 21 is fixed to the lower tube sheet 3 and extends a certain length. The insulating tube 22 is made of silicone rubber, which meets the insulation requirements of the utility structure within the shell side, and also has a certain thermal conductivity to facilitate the heat transfer process. The insulating tube 22 covers the cathode tube 21 and is fixed between the intermediate tube sheet 5 and the lower tube sheet 3.

[0041] like Figure 5 As shown, the connecting bolt 30 is wrapped with a bolt insulating sleeve 33 around the contact part of the intermediate flange, leaving a certain distance of threads on both sides of the bolt 30. The nut insulating pad 32 is placed inside the washer 31, and the nut 29 is used to fix it on both sides of the bolt 30 to prevent the bolt 30 and the nut 29 from becoming electrified.

[0042] like Figure 6 and 7As shown, this invention also provides a hydrogen production system, which includes a tubular alkaline hydrogen electrolyzer. The lower part of the lower cylinder of the electrolyzer has a utility inlet 14, and the upper part has a utility outlet 15. An inlet three-way valve 36 is installed at the front end of the utility inlet 14. The two sides of the inlet three-way valve 36 are connected to a low-pressure steam supply pipeline and a cooling water supply pipeline, respectively. A cooling water solenoid valve 34 and a cooling water inlet valve 35 are installed on the cooling water supply pipeline, and a low-pressure steam supply valve 37 and a low-pressure steam supply solenoid valve 38 are installed on the low-pressure steam supply pipeline. An outlet three-way valve 40 is installed at the utility outlet 15. The two sides of the outlet three-way valve 40 are connected to a cooling water return pipeline and a condensate return pipeline. A condensate return valve 39 is installed on the condensate return pipeline, and a cooling water return valve 41 is installed on the cooling water return pipeline.

[0043] During initial startup, opening the low-pressure steam inlet valve 37, the low-pressure steam inlet solenoid valve 38, and the condensate return valve 39 on the low-pressure steam inlet pipe allows the heating steam to rapidly heat the circulating alkali solution in the electrolysis chamber unit 9, thereby reducing cold start time. Due to the fluctuations in wind and solar power, the low-pressure steam inlet pipe can also be used to maintain the temperature of the electrolytic cell when the input power is low or the unit is shut down, preventing a decrease in operating efficiency. During normal operation or high-load operation, closing the low-pressure steam inlet valve 37, the low-pressure steam inlet solenoid valve 38, and the condensate return valve 39, and opening the cooling water inlet valve 35, the cooling water solenoid valve 34, and the cooling water return valve 41, thereby removing residual heat and maintaining the temperature of the electrolysis process. Coupling the heat exchanger with the electrolysis module reduces the long control loop of the external heat exchanger and solves the problem of large temperature control lag.

[0044] When the machine is shut down for maintenance, separate the lower end cap 2 from the skirt seat 1, remove the nut 29, washer 31, insulating pad 32 and screw 30, and pull out some electrolysis chamber units 9 that need to be repaired or replaced, and replace the parts inside.

[0045] During normal operation, the alkali solution enters through the alkali solution inlet 11. When electrolysis occurs, a large amount of gas is generated in the electrolysis chamber unit 9. The density difference between the gas and liquid phases is large. After cooling, there is a certain temperature gradient in the axial direction in the electrolysis chamber unit 9. With reasonable component size design, the thermosiphon effect can provide a certain circulation driving force, thereby reducing the workload of the alkali solution circulation pump 44.

[0046] like Figure 7 and 8As shown, the tubular alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzer is equipped with cascade control. A main temperature controller TC148 is installed at the front end of the alkaline solution inlet 11, and a secondary temperature controller TC249 is installed in the electrolyzer body. The cooling water solenoid valve 34 and the low-pressure steam upper pipe solenoid valve 38 are controlled separately. During normal operation, the opening degree of the cooling water solenoid valve 34 is constant. For example, if the inlet temperature or inlet pressure of the cooling water changes at a certain moment, the disturbance fluctuation will first affect the temperature of the electrolyzer body. This will prompt the secondary temperature controller TC249 to adjust, changing the cooling water flow rate, so that the deviation between the temperature of the tubular alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzer body and the set value gradually decreases. Simultaneously, when the output of the wind and solar power is lower than the rated power, fluctuations in the flow rate or inlet temperature of the circulating alkaline solution will cause changes in the initial temperature of the electrolysis process. The main temperature controller TC148 continuously changes the set value of the secondary temperature controller TC249, and the two controllers work simultaneously until the inlet temperature of the electrolyzer reaches a new stable value. The added secondary loop enables the control process to adapt to certain conditions, meeting the requirements of the tubular alkaline hydrogen electrolyzer when matching wind and solar power, where the load is large, the interference is strong, and the changes are frequent.

[0047] like Figure 7 As shown, the cathode product outlet 12 and anode product outlet 13 of the tubular alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzer enter the hydrogen-alkali separation 43 and oxygen-alkali separation 42, respectively, to obtain preliminary crude hydrogen and crude oxygen. The separated circulating alkaline solution, after passing through the alkaline solution circulation pump 44, enters the alkaline solution filter 45 and then enters resin adsorption tower A 46 or resin adsorption tower B 47 to selectively adsorb iron ions in the circulating alkaline solution, preventing iron ions from depositing on the cathode side of the tubular alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzer and reducing electrode life. Resin adsorption tower A and resin adsorption tower B are operated in a standby configuration. Resin adsorption towers A and B are periodically cleaned or replaced after use. A solar-powered industrial waste heat steam drum 50 is installed, using solar molten salt and industrial waste heat as heating sources to generate steam. Low-pressure steam is used for heating and temperature maintenance during electrolyzer startup and winter. Condensate is returned to the solar-powered industrial waste heat steam drum 50. Excess steam is sent to a generator set to provide electricity. When there is sufficient sunlight, solar-powered molten salt is the main heat source; when there is limited sunlight at night, industrial waste heat is the main heat source.

[0048] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also fall within the scope of the present invention, and the patent protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A tubular alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzer, characterized in that: The electrolytic cell includes a skirt (1), a lower end cap (2), a lower tube sheet (3), a lower cylinder (4), an intermediate tube sheet (5), an upper cylinder (6), an upper tube sheet (7), an upper end cap (8), and several electrolytic chamber units (9); the lower cylinder (4) is connected to the lower end cap (2), the upper cylinder (6) is connected to the lower cylinder (4), and the upper cylinder (6) is connected to the upper end cap (8); the lower end cap (2) is provided with a drain outlet (10) and an alkali inlet (11), and the upper cylinder (6) is provided with a cathode product outlet (12). 2) The upper end cap (8) is provided with an anode product outlet (l3); the upper end of the upper cylinder (6) is provided with an upper tube sheet (7), and the upper and lower ends of the lower cylinder (4) are respectively provided with an intermediate tube sheet (5) and a lower tube sheet (3); the upper cylinder (6) is provided with an anode conductive bus (28), and the lower cylinder (4) is provided with a cathode conductive bus (27); the lower cylinder (4) is provided with a plurality of baffles (16); each of the electrolysis chamber units (9) is evenly arranged between the upper tube sheet (7) and the lower tube sheet (3); The electrolysis chamber unit (9) includes an anode tube (17), an anode (18), a diaphragm (19), a cathode (20), a cathode tube (21), and an insulating tube (22). The anode (18) is located outside the anode tube (17), the diaphragm (19) is located outside the anode (18), the cathode (20) is located outside the diaphragm (19), the cathode tube (21) is located outside the cathode (20), and the insulating tube (22) covers the outside of the cathode tube (21). The lower end of the cathode tube (21) extends out of the lower tube plate (3) by a certain distance and is connected to the lower tube plate (3), and the upper end extends out of the middle tube plate (5) by a certain distance and is connected to the middle tube plate (5). The upper end of the anode tube (17) extends out of the upper tube plate (7) by a certain distance and is connected to the upper tube plate (7). The anode (18) and the cathode (20) are both placed between the middle tube plate (5) and the lower tube plate (3). The electrolysis chamber unit (9) also includes an anode sleeve (25), which is fixed to the upper outer wall of the anode tube (17); on the inner side of the anode sleeve (25), the outer wall of the anode tube (17) is provided with multiple curved openings (24); the electrolysis chamber unit (9) also includes a clamp (23), which fixes the diaphragm (19) to the outer side of the anode sleeve (25); the outer side of the cathode tube (21) is a smooth wall surface, and the inner side is a threaded structure, which is used to increase the turbulence performance of the gas-liquid fluid on the cathode side; the outer side of the anode tube (17) is a threaded structure, and the inner side is a smooth wall surface, which is used to enhance the fluid turbulence performance in the anode channel; both the cathode tube (21) and the anode tube (17) are stainless steel nickel-plated structures with a plating thickness of 30~50 μm.

2. The tubular alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzer as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the electrolysis chamber units (9) is arranged uniformly in an equilateral triangle or square pattern in a direction perpendicular to the upper and lower tube sheets.

3. The tubular alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzer as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the baffles (16) has an arc-shaped opening on one side, and the arc-shaped openings between two adjacent baffles (16) are in opposite directions; each of the electrolysis chamber units (9) is evenly arranged between the baffles (16).

4. The tubular alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzer as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end cap (8) is sealed with an insulating gasket (26) between the upper cylinder (6), the upper cylinder (6) with the lower cylinder (4), and the lower cylinder (4) with the lower end cap (2), and fixed with a screw (30) and a nut (29). The screw (30) is isolated with a screw insulating sleeve (33), and the inner side of the nut (29) is blocked with a nut insulating pad (32), and a washer (31) is placed between the nut (29) and the nut insulating pad (32).

5. A hydrogen production system, characterized in that: The hydrogen production system includes a tubular alkaline hydrogen production electrolyzer as described in any one of claims 1 to 4; the lower part of the lower cylinder (4) of the electrolyzer is provided with a utility inlet (14) and the upper part is provided with a utility outlet (15); the front end of the utility inlet (14) and the rear end of the utility outlet (15) are respectively provided with an inlet three-way valve (36) and an outlet three-way valve (40); the inlet three-way valve (36) is provided with a cooling water supply pipeline and a heating low-pressure steam supply pipeline on both sides; the outlet three-way valve (40) is provided with a cooling water return pipeline and a condensate return pipeline on both sides; the cathode product outlet (12) and the anode product outlet (13) of the electrolyzer enter the hydrogen-alkali separation (43) and the oxygen-alkali separation (42) respectively to obtain crude hydrogen and crude oxygen.

6. A hydrogen production system as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The cooling water supply pipeline is equipped with a cooling water solenoid valve (34) and a cooling water inlet valve (35); the low-pressure steam supply pipeline is equipped with a low-pressure steam supply valve (37) and a low-pressure steam supply solenoid valve (38); the condensate return pipeline is equipped with a condensate return valve (39); and the cooling water return pipeline is equipped with a cooling water return valve (41).

7. A hydrogen production system as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The front end of the alkaline inlet (11) is provided with a main temperature controller TC1 (48), and the tubular alkaline hydrogen production electrolysis cell is provided with a secondary temperature controller TC2 (49). The main temperature controller TC1 (48) and the secondary temperature controller TC2 (49) are used to control the cooling water solenoid valve (34) and the low-pressure steam upper pipe solenoid valve (38) separately.

8. A hydrogen production system as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The circulating alkaline solution after separation by hydrogen-alkali separation (43) and oxygen-alkali separation (42) passes through alkaline solution circulation pump (44), enters alkaline solution filter (45), and then enters resin adsorption tower A (46) or resin adsorption tower B (47). Resin adsorption tower A (46) and resin adsorption tower B (47) are operated in a standby manner. The hydrogen production system also includes a solar-powered industrial waste heat steam drum (50), which uses solar molten salt and industrial waste heat as heating sources to generate low-pressure steam that enters the low-pressure steam upper pipeline. The condensate returns to the solar-powered industrial waste heat steam drum (50) through the condensate return pipeline.

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