A turbo-shaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation and working method

Abstract

The application provides a vortex shaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation and a working method, and belongs to the technical field of aviation hybrid power propulsion. The problems of waste of residual heat, non-recycling of water resources, high energy consumption of liquid hydrogen vaporization and difficulty in controlling nitrogen oxide emission of a traditional vortex shaft-fuel cell system are solved. An air inlet is connected with a compressor, the compressor is connected with a cathode of a fuel cell, the fuel cell is connected with a combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is connected with a gas turbine, the gas turbine is connected with a power turbine, the power turbine is connected with a generator, the power turbine is connected with an evaporator, the evaporator is connected with the combustion chamber and the power turbine respectively, the evaporator is connected with a condenser, a liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected with the condenser, the condenser is connected with an anode of the fuel cell, the condenser is connected with a gas-liquid separator, and the gas-liquid separator is connected with the evaporator. The application is mainly used for a hybrid power system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aviation hybrid propulsion technology, and in particular relates to a turboshaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation and its operating method. Background Technology

[0002] The continued growth of air transport volume has become a global trend, but the accompanying carbon dioxide emissions problem is becoming increasingly serious. Statistics show that carbon dioxide emissions from the aviation sector already account for more than 2% of global total emissions, and this trend is increasing year by year. Against this backdrop, the development of green aviation technologies is particularly urgent. Multi-electric / all-electric aircraft hold great promise for development in the aviation field.

[0003] Turboshaft-fuel cell hybrid power systems, as a novel power solution, combine the high power output of turboshaft engines with the high efficiency and low emissions of fuel cells. This allows for significant reductions in fuel consumption and pollutant emissions while maintaining power performance, providing technological support for sustainable development in the aviation sector. However, in practical applications, this system still faces bottlenecks in energy efficiency improvement, particularly in water management and heat recovery. Inefficient water and heat management limits the overall system performance, preventing the full realization of the advantages of hybrid power and hindering improvements in reducing nitrogen oxide emissions and increasing thermal utilization. Therefore, improving system energy efficiency and optimizing its performance to achieve effective recycling of water and waste heat has become a key research direction in this field.

[0004] The industry urgently needs to develop an efficient water vapor and heat recovery solution to further improve the overall efficiency of hybrid power systems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a turboshaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation and its working method, so as to solve the problems of waste heat, lack of water resource recycling, high energy consumption of liquid hydrogen vaporization and difficulty in controlling nitrogen oxide emissions in traditional turboshaft-fuel cell systems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a turboshaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation, comprising an intake duct, a compressor, a fuel cell, a combustion chamber, a gas turbine, a power turbine, a generator, an evaporator, a condenser, a gas-liquid separator, and a liquid hydrogen storage tank. The intake duct is connected to the compressor, the outlet of the compressor is connected to the cathode of the fuel cell, the exhaust outlet of the fuel cell is connected to the combustion chamber, the gas outlet of the combustion chamber is connected to the gas turbine, the gas outlet of the gas turbine is connected to the power turbine, the output shaft of the power turbine is connected to the generator, the exhaust outlet of the power turbine is connected to the evaporator, the water vapor outlet of the evaporator is connected to both the combustion chamber and the power turbine, the exhaust outlet of the evaporator is connected to the condenser, the liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected to the condenser, the hydrogen outlet of the condenser is connected to the anode of the fuel cell, the outlet of the condenser is connected to the gas-liquid separator, and the water outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the evaporator via a water pipe.

[0007] Furthermore, the fuel cell and / or generator are connected to an electric motor.

[0008] Furthermore, the gas turbine is connected to a compressor.

[0009] Furthermore, the fuel cell is a solid oxide fuel cell.

[0010] Furthermore, a water pump is installed on the water pipe.

[0011] Furthermore, air is introduced into the air intake.

[0012] Furthermore, the motor is connected to the propeller.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for operating a turboshaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation, as detailed below: The intake duct guides outside air into the compressor. After being compressed in the compressor, the air enters the cathode of the fuel cell. The exhaust gas from the fuel cell enters the combustion chamber for combustion. After combustion, the gas first enters the gas turbine to expand and do work; then it enters the power turbine, and the power turbine output shaft power drives the generator to generate electricity. The exhaust gas from the power turbine enters the evaporator, where some of the waste heat evaporates the water after condensation and recovery into water vapor. Then the exhaust gas enters the condenser, where it vaporizes and heats the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank. After that, it enters the gas-liquid separator, which separates the water obtained from condensation and recovery in the exhaust gas. The remaining exhaust gas is discharged directly, while the water is transported to the evaporator. Hydrogen obtained by vaporization and heating in the condenser is used as fuel and transported to the anode of the fuel cell. Water vapor obtained by evaporation in the evaporator enters the combustion chamber for humidification and combustion, and the other part is used to cool the power turbine blades. The fuel cell and / or generator generate electricity.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention provides a turboshaft-fuel cell hybrid power system and its working method with water vapor circulation. Through water vapor circulation and multi-stage utilization of waste heat, it effectively solves the problems of unrecovered exhaust water vapor, low waste heat utilization rate, reliance on external heat source for liquid hydrogen vaporization, and difficulty in controlling nitrogen oxide emissions. This significantly improves the efficiency and environmental performance of the hybrid power system, reduces energy waste, optimizes emission control, and simplifies the system structure.

[0015] This invention condenses and recovers water vapor from turbine exhaust, then injects it into the combustion chamber for humidified combustion, thereby reducing the combustion temperature and effectively suppressing nitrogen oxide emissions; at the same time, it increases the working mass and improves the power of the hybrid power system.

[0016] This invention condenses and recovers water vapor from turbine exhaust, and then uses it to cool turbine blades, maintaining the operating temperature of turbine blades while reducing the amount of cooling air required, thus extending their service life.

[0017] This invention recovers waste heat from turbine exhaust and uses it to evaporate condensate and vaporize and heat liquid hydrogen, fully utilizing the heat matching between the cold and heat sources to improve efficiency. It avoids energy waste caused by directly discharging exhaust gas into the system and reduces the need for external heat sources.

[0018] This invention uses liquid hydrogen as a fuel source, which theoretically can achieve zero carbon emissions, greatly reducing environmental pollution. Furthermore, the system employs an integrated condensation-vaporization design and achieves multi-stage waste heat utilization, reducing overall complexity and weight. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of a turboshaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation according to the present invention; In the picture: 1-Intake duct, 2-Compressor, 3-Fuel cell, 4-Combustion chamber, 5-Gas turbine, 6-Power turbine, 7-Generator, 8-Evaporator, 9-Condenser, 10-Gas-liquid separator, 11-Liquid hydrogen storage tank, 12-Water pump, 13-Motor. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, and the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.

[0021] See Figure 1 This embodiment describes a turboshaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation. It includes an intake duct 1, a compressor 2, a fuel cell 3, a combustion chamber 4, a gas turbine 5, a power turbine 6, a generator 7, an evaporator 8, a condenser 9, a gas-liquid separator 10, and a liquid hydrogen storage tank 11. The intake duct 1 is connected to the compressor 2. The outlet of the compressor 2 is connected to the cathode of the fuel cell 3. The exhaust outlet of the fuel cell 3 is connected to the combustion chamber 4. The gas outlet of the combustion chamber 4 is connected to the gas turbine 5. The gas turbine 5... The outlet of the gas evaporator is connected to the power turbine 6, the output shaft of the power turbine 6 is connected to the generator 7, the exhaust outlet of the power turbine 6 is connected to the evaporator 8, the water vapor outlet of the evaporator 8 is connected to the combustion chamber 4 and the power turbine 6 respectively, the exhaust outlet of the evaporator 8 is connected to the condenser 9, the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11 is connected to the condenser, the hydrogen outlet of the condenser 9 is connected to the anode of the fuel cell 3, the outlet of the condenser 9 is connected to the gas-liquid separator 10, and the water outlet of the gas-liquid separator 10 is connected to the evaporator 8 through a water pipe.

[0022] In this embodiment, the fuel cell 3 and / or generator 7 are connected to the motor 13, and the fuel cell 3 and generator 7 generate electricity to drive the motor 13. When applied in the aviation field, the motor 13 is connected to the propeller, driving the propeller to rotate. The gas turbine 5 is connected to the compressor 2, and the gas turbine 5 uses the expansion of the gas after combustion in the combustion chamber 4 to drive the compressor 2. A water pump 12 is installed on the water pipe, and the water separated by the gas-liquid separator 10 is pumped to the evaporator 8 via the water pump 12. The fuel cell 3 is preferably a solid oxide fuel cell.

[0023] Air is introduced into the air intake duct 1 to guide external air smoothly into the compressor 2.

[0024] Compressor 2 compresses the incoming air, and the compressed air enters the cathode of fuel cell 3.

[0025] In fuel cell 3, air enters the cathode and hydrogen enters the anode to generate electricity. The exhaust gas produced after power generation enters the combustion chamber 4 for combustion.

[0026] Combustion chamber 4 burns the exhaust gas from fuel cell 3, while evaporator 8 injects water vapor into combustion chamber 4 to reduce the combustion temperature by humidifying combustion, thereby suppressing nitrogen oxide emissions and increasing the amount of working fluid.

[0027] The gas turbine 5 uses the expansion of the gas after combustion in the combustion chamber 4 to do work, driving the compressor 2 to maintain operation.

[0028] The power turbine 6 converts the gas energy into shaft power to drive external loads.

[0029] Generator 7 generates electricity through the drive of power turbine 6.

[0030] Evaporator 8 uses the waste heat of the exhaust gas after turbine expansion to evaporate the recovered water. Some of the water vapor enters combustion chamber 4 to reduce combustion temperature and thus suppress nitrogen oxide emissions, while increasing the working fluid. The other part of the water vapor enters power turbine 6 to help cool the turbine.

[0031] The condenser 9 uses the cryogenic liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11 to condense the water in the exhaust gas, while the residual heat in the exhaust gas vaporizes the liquid hydrogen. The vaporized hydrogen enters the anode of the fuel cell 3.

[0032] The gas-liquid separator 10 separates the mixture of exhaust gas and condensate from the outlet of the condenser 9. The exhaust gas is discharged from the system here, and the water is separated and enters the evaporator 8 for evaporation.

[0033] The liquid hydrogen storage tank 11 utilizes the latent heat of liquid hydrogen vaporization and the sensible heat of the rising temperature to condense water vapor in the turbine exhaust gas and supply hydrogen to the anode of the fuel cell 3.

[0034] Pump 12 delivers the water separated by gas-liquid separator 10 to evaporator 8.

[0035] The motor 13 is driven by the power generated by the fuel cell 3 and the generator 7, and the motor 13 drives the corresponding components to work.

[0036] Condenser 9 condenses water vapor in the turbine exhaust gas and then recovers and reuses it, realizing a water vapor cycle in the system. Liquid hydrogen storage tank 11 uses cryogenic liquid hydrogen in condenser 9 to condense water vapor in the turbine exhaust gas while simultaneously vaporizing the liquid hydrogen into hydrogen gas, which is then heated and can be directly used as fuel for fuel cell 3. The mixture of water and exhaust gas obtained after condensation in condenser 9 is separated by gas-liquid separator 10, and the resulting water is pumped to evaporator 8 by water pump 12. The exhaust gas, after expanding in power turbine 6, enters evaporator 8 to evaporate the recovered water into water vapor. Part of the water vapor then enters combustion chamber 4 for humidification and low-NOx combustion, while the remaining water vapor enters power turbine 6 for turbine blade cooling. This system forms a hybrid power system through fuel cell 3, power turbine 6, and generator 7. The system uses fuel cell 3 and power turbine 6 to drive generator 7 for power generation, and the two parts can dynamically distribute and adjust power according to flight mission requirements.

[0037] This embodiment describes the operating method of the aforementioned turboshaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation, as detailed below: The intake duct 1 guides external air into the compressor 2. After being compressed in the compressor 2, the air enters the cathode of the fuel cell 3. The exhaust gas of the fuel cell 3 enters the combustion chamber 4 for combustion. After combustion, the gas first enters the gas turbine 5 to expand and do work, driving the compressor 2 to work. Then it enters the power turbine 6, and the output shaft power of the power turbine 6 drives the generator 7 to generate electricity. The high-temperature exhaust gas from the power turbine 6 enters the evaporator 8, where a small amount of waste heat evaporates the water after condensation and recovery into water vapor. Then, the high-temperature exhaust gas enters the condenser 9, where the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 11 is vaporized and heated. After releasing most of the waste heat in this step, the gas enters the gas-liquid separator 10. The gas-liquid separator 10 separates the water obtained from condensation and recovery in the exhaust gas. The remaining exhaust gas is discharged directly, and the water is transported to the evaporator 8 by the water pump 12. The hydrogen obtained by vaporization and heating in condenser 9 is transported to the anode of fuel cell 3 as fuel. Part of the water vapor obtained by evaporation in evaporator 8 enters combustion chamber 4 for humidification and combustion, and the other part is used to cool the blades of power turbine 6. The system is used in the aviation field. A power turbine 6 drives a generator 7 and a fuel cell 3 to generate electricity. In practical applications, the electricity provided by the system is transmitted to a motor 13, which then drives the propeller. The power generated by the two parts can be dynamically distributed and adjusted according to the flight mission requirements.

[0038] The specific embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. Many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention.

Claims

1. A turboshaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation, characterized in that: It includes an intake duct (1), a compressor (2), a fuel cell (3), a combustion chamber (4), a gas turbine (5), a power turbine (6), a generator (7), an evaporator (8), a condenser (9), a gas-liquid separator (10), and a liquid hydrogen storage tank (11). The intake duct (1) is connected to the compressor (2), the outlet of the compressor (2) is connected to the cathode of the fuel cell (3), the exhaust outlet of the fuel cell (3) is connected to the combustion chamber (4), the gas outlet of the combustion chamber (4) is connected to the gas turbine (5), and the gas outlet of the gas turbine (5) is connected to the power turbine (6). The output shaft of the power turbine (6) is connected to the generator (7), the exhaust outlet of the power turbine (6) is connected to the evaporator (8), the water vapor outlet of the evaporator (8) is connected to the combustion chamber (4) and the power turbine (6) respectively, the exhaust outlet of the evaporator (8) is connected to the condenser (9), the liquid hydrogen storage tank (11) is connected to the condenser, the hydrogen outlet of the condenser (9) is connected to the anode of the fuel cell (3), the outlet of the condenser (9) is connected to the gas-liquid separator (10), and the water outlet of the gas-liquid separator (10) is connected to the evaporator (8) through a water pipe.

2. The turboshaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell (3) and / or generator (7) are connected to the motor (13).

3. The turboshaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas turbine (5) is connected to the compressor (2).

4. A turboshaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell (3) is a solid oxide fuel cell.

5. A turboshaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water pump (12) is installed on the water pipe.

6. A turboshaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: Air is introduced into the air intake (1).

7. A turboshaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The motor (13) is connected to the propeller.

8. A method for operating a turboshaft-fuel cell hybrid power system with water vapor circulation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The intake duct (1) guides external air into the compressor (2). After being compressed in the compressor (2), the air enters the cathode of the fuel cell (3). The exhaust gas of the fuel cell (3) enters the combustion chamber (4) for combustion. After combustion, the gas first enters the gas turbine (5) to expand and do work. Then it enters the power turbine (6). The power turbine (6) outputs shaft power to drive the generator (7) to generate electricity. The exhaust gas from the power turbine (6) enters the evaporator (8), where the water recovered from condensation is evaporated into water vapor by using some of the residual heat. Then the exhaust gas enters the condenser (9), where the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (11) is vaporized and heated. After that, it enters the gas-liquid separator (10), where the gas-liquid separator (10) separates the water recovered from condensation in the exhaust gas. The remaining exhaust gas is discharged directly, and the water is transported to the evaporator (8). Hydrogen obtained by vaporization and heating in the condenser (9) is transported to the anode of the fuel cell (3) as fuel. Part of the water vapor obtained by evaporation in the evaporator (8) enters the combustion chamber (4) for humidification and combustion, and the other part is used to cool the blades of the power turbine (6). The fuel cell (3) and / or generator (7) generate electricity.

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