Energy storage devices and electrical equipment

Abstract

This application discloses an energy storage device and an electrical appliance. The energy storage device includes an electrode assembly, an end cap, and an insulating component. The insulating component is located between the end cap and the electrode assembly. An explosion-proof valve is provided on the end cap. The insulating component includes an insulating body and a first protrusion. The insulating body has a first surface facing the electrode assembly, and the first protrusion protrudes from the first surface. The first protrusion includes at least two sub-protrusions arranged along a second direction. Adjacent sub-protrusions have curved sections at positions close to each other. Two adjacent curved sections of the first protrusion extend along the first direction toward the direction close to the explosion-proof valve, and the ends of the two adjacent curved sections are connected and enclose a receiving cavity with the insulating body. A first exhaust channel is also provided at the position where the two adjacent curved sections are connected. The first exhaust channel penetrates the first protrusion along the first direction and communicates with the receiving cavity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage technology, and more specifically, to an energy storage device and electrical equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of new energy vehicles, energy storage systems, and consumer electronics, lithium-ion batteries have been widely used due to their advantages such as high energy density and long cycle life. However, batteries may experience adverse reactions under overcharging, short circuits, mechanical abuse, or high-temperature environments, leading to the generation of a large amount of gas inside the battery. The rapid accumulation of this gas can cause a sharp increase in internal pressure, which, if not released in time, may cause the battery casing to rupture or even explode, seriously threatening user safety. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides an energy storage device and an electrical appliance to solve the problem of thermal runaway gas not being released in a timely manner in related technologies.

[0004] The energy storage device of this application embodiment includes an electrode assembly, an end cap, and an insulating component. The insulating component is located between the end cap and the electrode assembly, and an explosion-proof valve is provided on the end cap. The insulating component includes an insulating body and a first protrusion. The insulating body has a first surface facing the electrode assembly, and the first protrusion protrudes from the first surface. The first protrusion includes at least two sub-protrusions arranged along a second direction. Adjacent sub-protrusions have curved sections at positions close to each other. Two adjacent curved sections of the first protrusion extend along the first direction toward the explosion-proof valve, and the ends of the two adjacent curved sections are connected and enclose a receiving cavity with the insulating body. A first exhaust channel is also provided at the position where the two adjacent curved sections are connected. The first exhaust channel penetrates the first protrusion along the first direction and communicates with the receiving cavity. The first direction is the length direction of the end cap, and the second direction is the width direction of the end cap. The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.

[0005] In the energy storage device of this application embodiment, adjacent sub-protrusions each have a curved section at a close proximity. Two adjacent curved sections bend inward and connect at their ends. Due to the inward bending of the curved sections, the space occupied by the insulating component is reduced, allowing the ends of the two adjacent curved sections and the insulating body to form a receiving cavity. This provides more space at the top of the energy storage device for the flow of thermal runaway gas. Furthermore, the first protrusion also has a first exhaust channel penetrating the connection point of the two curved sections. The first exhaust channel communicates with the receiving cavity. When pressure is released, the thermal runaway gas can quickly flow through the receiving cavity and the first exhaust channel sequentially. The smooth gas flow reduces the impact of the first protrusion of the insulating component on the gas flow rate, ensuring timely gas release, preventing the energy storage device from exploding, and improving the reliability of the energy storage device.

[0006] According to some embodiments of this application, the ends of two adjacent curved segments abut each other.

[0007] According to some embodiments of this application, the insulating body has a second surface facing away from the electrode assembly. The second surface has a first groove at a position corresponding to the bent section along a third direction. The first groove is recessed into the bent section from the second surface along the third direction. The bottom of the first groove has a through hole. The third direction is the thickness direction of the end cap. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0008] The first exhaust channel penetrates part of the sidewall of two adjacent first grooves, and the first exhaust channel is connected to the first groove.

[0009] In this embodiment of the application, the bottom of the first groove is provided with a through hole, which can ensure that the electrolyte remaining between the insulating component and the end cap when the energy storage device is shaken or injected can flow back to the electrode assembly through the first through hole.

[0010] According to some embodiments of this application, the electrode assembly includes at least two stacked cores, each core having arc-shaped protrusions at both ends along the first direction, and a second exhaust channel between two adjacent arc-shaped protrusions; at least one receiving cavity of the first protrusion is respectively connected to at least one second exhaust channel on the same side in a third direction, and the corresponding second exhaust channel and the orthographic projection of the receiving cavity on a first target plane overlap in an area, the first target plane being perpendicular to the third direction; the third direction is the thickness direction of the end cap, and the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are mutually perpendicular.

[0011] In the embodiments of this application, during depressurization, the gas can flow from bottom to top along the second exhaust channel. Since the receiving cavity is connected to the second exhaust channel, the gas can pass through the second exhaust channel, the receiving cavity and the first exhaust channel in sequence. The gas flow quickly switches from vertical to horizontal, making the gas flow smoother and accelerating the release of gas.

[0012] According to some embodiments of this application, the sub-protrusion further has a first vertical segment, and each end of the first vertical segment along the second direction is connected to a curved segment. At least two first vertical segments are respectively disposed on one end of at least two arcuate protrusions along the third direction on the same side, and the corresponding first vertical segment and the arcuate protrusion have an overlapping area on the orthographic projection of the arcuate protrusion on the first target plane.

[0013] The first vertical section also has a third exhaust channel, which extends through the first vertical section along the first direction.

[0014] In this embodiment, during depressurization, the arc-shaped protrusion of the core cracks, allowing gas to escape from the crack and flow upwards. Since the first vertical section corresponds to the arc-shaped protrusion in the third direction, and the first vertical section has a third exhaust channel, when the arc-shaped protrusion cracks, the gas can flow from bottom to top and directly into the third exhaust channel. The gas does not accumulate near the insulating component; instead, it changes from vertical to horizontal flow, effectively releasing the gas and preventing an explosion of the energy storage device. Furthermore, one end of the insulating component is simultaneously provided with a first exhaust channel and a second exhaust channel. When the gas changes from vertical to horizontal flow, the number of exhaust channels increases, which helps improve gas flow.

[0015] According to some embodiments of this application, the third exhaust channel has a bottom wall near the electrode assembly, the bottom wall being recessed in the first direction toward the explosion-proof valve to form a first notch, the first notch communicating with the third exhaust channel.

[0016] In this embodiment, the concave bottom wall forms a first notch communicating with the third exhaust channel. Gas can flow sequentially through the first notch and the third exhaust channel, and the bottom wall does not obstruct the gas from switching from vertical to horizontal flow. On the one hand, the bottom wall ensures the structural strength of the first protrusion, thereby improving the stability of the first protrusion abutting the electrode assembly; on the other hand, the gas can quickly pass through the first notch and the third exhaust channel, reducing the impact of the first protrusion on the gas flow rate, ensuring that the gas can be released in a timely manner, avoiding the explosion of the energy storage device, and improving the reliability of the energy storage device.

[0017] According to some embodiments of this application, the first vertical section has a first side and a second side arranged opposite to each other in the first direction, the third exhaust channel passes through the first side and the second side along the first direction, and the bottom wall has a third side and a fourth side arranged opposite to each other in the first direction; the distance between the first side and the second side is L1, and the distance between the third side and the fourth side of the bottom wall is L2, 2mm≤L1-L2≤5mm.

[0018] In the embodiments of this application, L1-L2 satisfies: 2mm≤L1-L2≤5mm, which ensures that the bottom wall has sufficient width to give the sub-protrusion sufficient structural strength, and also ensures that the first gap has a sufficiently large flow area so that the gas can pass through the first gap smoothly.

[0019] According to some embodiments of this application, the insulating body has a second notch at a position corresponding to the third exhaust channel in the third direction. The second notch penetrates the insulating body along the third direction and communicates with the third exhaust channel.

[0020] In the embodiments of this application, the gas can not only flow along the side of the first surface of the insulating body through the third exhaust channel, but also flow along the side of the insulating body away from the electrode assembly through the second notch. By increasing the number of gas flow paths, the gas flow is made smoother, ensuring timely gas release.

[0021] According to some embodiments of this application, the insulating member further includes a second protrusion, which protrudes from the first surface; the insulating body has a second surface on the side facing away from the electrode assembly, and the second surface has a second groove at a position corresponding to the second protrusion in a third direction, the second groove being recessed from the second surface into the second protrusion along the third direction; the third direction is the thickness direction of the end cap, and the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other;

[0022] The second groove has two groove sidewalls arranged opposite each other along the first direction, and the groove sidewalls have at least one through vent hole.

[0023] In this embodiment of the application, the sidewall of the second groove has a through vent hole, through which the gas flowing laterally can pass and flow to the explosion-proof valve. The sidewall of the groove does not obstruct the lateral flow of gas, ensuring that the gas can flow smoothly and be released in a timely manner.

[0024] According to some embodiments of this application, the vent holes on each sidewall of the groove and the vent holes on the other sidewall of the groove do not overlap in the orthographic projection on the second target plane; the second target plane is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0025] According to some embodiments of this application, the vent hole on each of the slot sidewalls and the vent hole on the other slot sidewall have a partially overlapping region on the orthographic projection of the second target plane; the second target plane is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0026] In this embodiment of the application, since the exhaust holes on the two sidewalls of the tank are not directly opposite each other in the first direction, after the gas passes through the exhaust hole of one sidewall of the tank, it will not directly pass through the exhaust hole of the other sidewall of the tank, thus avoiding the problem of the gas directly passing through the exhaust holes of the two sidewalls of the tank and bypassing the explosion-proof valve.

[0027] According to some embodiments of this application, at least one of the vent holes on the sidewall of the groove includes a first vent hole and a second vent hole, and the insulating member further includes a sealing member located in the first vent hole, the sealing member being configured to open the first vent hole when a preset condition is met.

[0028] In the embodiments of this application, when the thermal runaway gas flow rate is small, the second exhaust port is opened while the first exhaust port is closed. At this time, the flow area of ​​the opening on the sidewall of the tank is small, which is conducive to accelerating the gas flow rate. When the thermal runaway gas flow rate is large, both the first and second exhaust ports are opened. At this time, the flow area of ​​the opening on the sidewall of the tank is large, which is conducive to timely discharge of large flow rates of gas and avoid gas stagnation.

[0029] According to some embodiments of this application, the side edge of the sealing member near the bottom wall of the second groove is connected to the hole wall of the first vent hole through at least one connecting portion, and there is a gap between the remaining side edges of the sealing member and the hole wall of the first vent hole.

[0030] In this embodiment of the application, the side edge of the sealing member near the bottom wall of the second groove is connected to the hole wall of the first exhaust hole through the connecting part, while the other side edges of the sealing member have gaps between them and the hole wall of the first exhaust hole. When the impact force of the gas reaches the threshold, the sealing member is more likely to be impacted by the gas and open the first exhaust hole.

[0031] According to some embodiments of this application, the first surface is further provided with two third protrusions, which are respectively disposed on the opposite sides of the two groove sidewalls. The corresponding third protrusions and the orthographic projections of the sealing members on the second target plane have overlapping areas. The third protrusions are configured to prevent the sealing members from moving toward the outside of the second groove. The second target plane is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0032] In this embodiment, a third protrusion is provided on the outer side of each groove sidewall. This third protrusion prevents the sealing member from moving towards the outer side of the second groove, thus allowing the sealing member to move only towards the inner side of the second groove to open the first vent hole, and preventing it from moving in both directions. Therefore, after the gas flows through one of the first vent holes from the outside, the gas cannot directly pass through the first vent hole on the other groove sidewall because the sealing member on the other groove sidewall is blocked by the third protrusion. This avoids the problem of gas directly passing through the vent holes of both groove sidewalls and bypassing the explosion-proof valve.

[0033] The electrical equipment in this application embodiment includes the energy storage device described in any of the above claims, and the energy storage device is used to supply power to the electrical equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this disclosure, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an energy storage system.

[0036] Figure 2 This is an exploded schematic diagram of an energy storage device.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the insulating component of Embodiment 1 of this application from one perspective.

[0038] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the insulating component of Embodiment 1 of this application from another perspective.

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the insulating element disposed on one side of the electrode assembly in Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0040] Figure 6 This is a bottom view of the insulating component according to Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0041] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the insulating component of Embodiment 2 of this application from one perspective.

[0042] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the insulating component of Embodiment 2 of this application from another perspective.

[0043] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of an electrical device.

[0044] The reference numerals in the attached figures are explained as follows:

[0045] 100. Outer shell; 101. Opening;

[0046] 200. Electrode assembly; 210. Winding core; 211. Arc-shaped protrusion; 220. Second exhaust channel;

[0047] 300. End cap; 301. Injection port;

[0048] 400. Insulating component; 410. Insulating body; 411. First surface; 412. First groove; 4121. First through hole; 413. Second surface; 414. Second notch; 420. First protrusion; 420a. Sub-protrusion; 4201. First vertical section; 4202. Second vertical section; 4203. Bending section; 421. First exhaust channel; 422. First side surface; 423. First abutment surface; 424. Second side surface; 425. Third… Exhaust passage; 426, First notch; 430, Bottom wall; 431, Second abutment surface; 432, Third side surface; 433, Fourth side surface; 440, Second protrusion; 450, Second groove; 451, Groove side wall; 4511, Exhaust hole; 4511a, First exhaust hole; 4511b, Second exhaust hole; 452, Second through hole; 470, Receiving cavity; 480, Sealing element; 482, Gap; 483, Connecting part; 490, Third protrusion;

[0049] 500. Explosion-proof valve. Detailed Implementation

[0050] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that this application will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and therefore their detailed description will be omitted.

[0051] It is understood that the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the embodiments of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the steps or units listed, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or components inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0052] For ease of explanation, the terms "first direction," "second direction," and "third direction" are used in the specific embodiments of this application. These terms simply refer to a feature having one of the aforementioned directions being perpendicular to a feature having another direction, and do not require that they be implemented according to the "first direction," "second direction," and "third direction" described in the embodiments. In the embodiments, the first direction, second direction, and third direction are mutually perpendicular.

[0053] Because the energy people need is highly time- and space-dependent, in order to make rational use of energy and improve energy efficiency, it is necessary to use a medium or device to store one form of energy in the same way or by converting it into another form of energy, and then release it in a specific form of energy based on future application needs.

[0054] Currently, the generation of green electricity generally relies on solar, wind, and hydropower. However, wind and solar power are generally characterized by strong intermittency and large fluctuations, which can cause grid instability, insufficient power during peak demand periods, and excessive power during off-peak periods. Unstable voltage can also damage the power grid. Therefore, insufficient electricity demand or insufficient grid capacity may lead to the problem of "wind and solar curtailment." Solving these problems requires energy storage. This involves converting electrical energy into other forms of energy through physical or chemical means and storing it. When needed, this energy can be converted back into electrical energy and released. Simply put, energy storage is like a large "power bank," storing electrical energy when solar and wind power are abundant and releasing the stored electricity when needed.

[0055] Taking electrochemical energy storage as an example, this solution provides an energy storage device for use in energy storage systems. The energy storage device is equipped with a set of chemical batteries, which mainly use the chemical elements in the batteries as energy storage media. The charging and discharging process is accompanied by the chemical reaction or change of the energy storage media. Simply put, the electrical energy generated by wind and solar energy is stored in the chemical batteries. When the use of external electrical energy reaches its peak, the stored electricity is released for use, or transferred to places with a shortage of electricity for use.

[0056] Current energy storage applications are quite widespread, including generation-side energy storage, grid-side energy storage, and consumption-side energy storage. The corresponding types of energy storage devices include:

[0057] (1) Large-scale energy storage power stations applied to wind power and photovoltaic power stations can assist renewable energy power generation in meeting grid connection requirements and improve the utilization rate of renewable energy. As a high-quality active / reactive power regulation power source on the power supply side, energy storage power stations can achieve load matching of power in time and space, enhance the absorption capacity of renewable energy, reduce instantaneous power changes, reduce the impact on the power grid, improve the absorption of new energy power generation, and are of great significance in power grid system backup, alleviating peak load power supply pressure and peak regulation and frequency regulation.

[0058] (2) Energy storage containers applied on the grid side mainly function as peak shaving, frequency regulation and grid congestion relief. In terms of peak shaving, they can realize peak shaving and valley filling of electricity load, that is, charging the energy storage battery when the electricity load is low and releasing the stored electricity during the peak electricity load period, thereby achieving a balance between power production and consumption.

[0059] (3) Small energy storage cabinets applied to the electricity consumption side mainly function as self-consumption of electricity, peak-valley price arbitrage, capacity cost management, and improvement of power supply reliability. Depending on the application scenario, electricity consumption side energy storage can be divided into industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets, household energy storage devices, energy storage charging piles, etc., which are generally used in conjunction with distributed photovoltaics. Industrial and commercial users can use energy storage for peak-valley price arbitrage and capacity cost management. In the electricity market implementing peak-valley pricing, by charging the energy storage system when the electricity price is low and discharging the energy storage system when the electricity price is high, peak-valley price arbitrage can be achieved, reducing electricity costs. In addition, industrial enterprises subject to two-part tariffs can use energy storage systems to store energy during off-peak hours and discharge during peak loads, thereby reducing peak power and the maximum demand declared, achieving the goal of reducing capacity charges. Household photovoltaics with energy storage can improve the level of self-consumption of electricity. Due to high electricity prices and poor power supply stability, the demand for household photovoltaic installations is driven. Given that photovoltaic power generation occurs during the day, while user load is generally higher at night, configuring energy storage can better utilize photovoltaic power, improve self-consumption levels, and reduce electricity costs. Furthermore, energy storage is needed in areas such as communication base stations and data centers for backup power.

[0060] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application, and Figure 1 Taking the shared energy storage scenario on the power generation / distribution side as an example, the energy storage device in this application is not limited to the power generation / distribution side energy storage scenario.

[0061] This application provides an energy storage system, comprising: a high-voltage cable 2, a first power conversion device 3, a second power conversion device 4, and the energy storage device 1 provided in this application. In some embodiments of the power generation scenario, the second power conversion device 4 can be a wind power conversion device. Since the electricity generated by wind power conversion is volatile, random, and intermittent, the unstable electricity output by the wind power conversion device can be stored in the energy storage device 1 through grid connection. The energy storage device 1 is connected to the high-voltage cable 2 and outputs smooth electricity to the power consumption side of the distribution network, realizing peak shaving and frequency regulation, and ensuring stable grid operation; or, the wind power conversion device is always connected to the high-voltage cable 2. High-voltage cable 2 connects the wind power conversion device to the power distribution network under normal power generation conditions. When the current power load is low and the wind power conversion device generates excess power, the excess power is first stored in energy storage device 1 to reduce wind and solar curtailment and improve the absorption of new energy power generation. When the power load is high, the power grid issues an instruction to transmit the power stored in energy storage device 1 in conjunction with high-voltage cable 2 in grid-connected mode to the power consumption side. This provides the power grid with various services such as peak shaving, frequency regulation, and backup, giving full play to the peak shaving function of the power grid, promoting peak shaving and valley filling, and alleviating the power supply pressure on the power grid.

[0062] In some embodiments on the distribution network side, the first power conversion device 3 can be a photovoltaic power conversion device. The energy storage device 1 is connected to the high-voltage cable 2 and installed downstream of the high-voltage cable 2 between the user load and the high-voltage cable 2. The power output of the photovoltaic power conversion device is stored in the energy storage device 1, which can respond in time to act as a backup power source when the power grid / distribution network fails. Alternatively, it can provide power supply support to alleviate line blockage when the high-voltage cable 2 transmission line is blocked, and to delay the economic pressure caused by the expansion of the power grid / distribution capacity when the power grid is planned to be expanded.

[0063] Optionally, the first power conversion device 3 may include, but is not limited to, a wind power conversion device, and the second power conversion device 4 may include, but is not limited to, a photovoltaic power conversion device. The first power conversion device 3 and the second power conversion device 4 can convert at least one of solar energy, light energy, wind energy, thermal energy, tidal energy, biomass energy and mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0064] Optionally, the energy storage device 1 may include, but is not limited to, energy storage applications such as energy storage power stations, hydropower / thermal / wind power generation systems, solar power generation systems, mobile power systems, smart home systems, or temporary power supply systems, and may also be applied in multiple fields such as data centers, military equipment, aerospace, charging piles, and electric vehicles.

[0065] Optionally, the energy storage device 1 can be, but is not limited to, a single battery (secondary battery), a battery module composed of single batteries, a battery pack, an energy storage cabinet, an energy storage container, etc. The actual application form of the energy storage device 1 provided in this application embodiment can be, but is not limited to, the listed products, and can also be other application forms. This application embodiment does not strictly limit the application form of the energy storage device 1.

[0066] The individual battery cells can be lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, lithium metal batteries, sodium metal batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, magnesium-ion batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, lead-acid batteries, etc. Individual battery cells can be cylindrical, flat, cuboid, etc., and this application does not limit the specific form. The following description uses a cuboid individual battery cell as an example for energy storage device 1.

[0067] like Figure 2 As shown, the energy storage device 1 includes a housing 100, an electrode assembly 200, an end cap 300, and an insulating member 400. The housing 100 is a hollow structure with an opening 101. The electrode assembly 200 is disposed inside the housing 100. The end cap 300 covers the opening 101 of the housing 100. The insulating member 400 is located between the electrode assembly 200 and the end cap 300. The insulating member 400 is made of insulating material and is used to electrically isolate the electrode assembly 200 and the end cap 300. In addition, when the battery is inverted, the insulating member 400 can also abut against the electrode assembly 200 to support the electrode assembly 200.

[0068] The end cap 300 is a rectangular plate-like structure. In this embodiment, the first direction X is the length direction of the end cap 300, the second direction Y is the width direction of the end cap 300, and the third direction Z is the thickness direction of the end cap 300.

[0069] It should be noted that "abutment" refers to the contact between the insulating component 400 and the electrode assembly 200, and there is an interaction force between the insulating component 400 and the electrode assembly 200. The insulating component 400 can abut against the electrode assembly 200 directly or indirectly.

[0070] In one embodiment, the end cap 300 can be connected to the housing 100 by welding or crimping to seal the opening of the housing 100.

[0071] The outer shell 100 is a rectangular parallelepiped. Optionally, the outer shell 100 can be a steel shell, an aluminum shell, a plastic shell (such as a polypropylene shell), a composite metal shell (such as a copper-aluminum composite shell), or an aluminum-plastic film, etc.

[0072] The electrode assembly 200 includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator. The single-cell battery primarily operates by the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrode plates. The positive electrode includes a positive current collector and a positive active material layer. The positive active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive current collector, and the uncoated positive current collector protrudes beyond the coated positive current collector, serving as the positive electrode tab. Taking a lithium-ion battery as an example, the positive current collector can be made of aluminum, and the positive active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium, or lithium manganese oxide, etc. The negative electrode includes a negative current collector and a negative active material layer. The negative active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative current collector, and the uncoated negative current collector protrudes beyond the coated negative current collector, serving as the negative electrode tab. The negative current collector can be made of copper, and the negative active material can be carbon or silicon, etc. The material of the separator can be PP or PE, etc. Furthermore, the electrode assembly 200 can be a wound structure or a stacked structure; the embodiments of this application are not limited to these.

[0073] Please continue reading. Figure 2 The end cap 300 is also equipped with an explosion-proof valve 500. The explosion-proof valve 500 is used to burst and discharge the gas generated inside the outer casing 100 when the gas pressure of the energy storage device reaches a certain pressure threshold, so as to avoid battery bulging or even explosion, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage device.

[0074] The end cap 300 is also provided with an injection hole 301, which penetrates the end cap 300 in a third direction Z. Electrolyte can be injected into the outer casing 100 through the injection hole 301.

[0075] The inventors of this application discovered during their research that the insulating component 400 in related technologies is typically made of plastic, such as polypropylene. When a battery experiences thermal runaway, a large amount of high-temperature, high-pressure gas is generated inside the casing 100. Before the temperature inside the casing 100 reaches the melting point of the insulating component 400, the gas needs to pass through the insulating component 400 to reach the explosion-proof valve 500. Ultimately, the gas breaks through the explosion-proof valve 500 and is discharged from the casing 100. However, because the insulating component 400 obstructs the gas to some extent, the gas cannot be released in time, potentially causing the casing 100 to rupture or even explode.

[0076] Therefore, in order to accelerate the gas release rate and thus improve the reliability of the battery, the structure of the insulating component 400 is optimized in this application embodiment.

[0077] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the insulating member 400 includes an insulating body 410 and two first protrusions 420. The insulating body 410 has a first surface 411 facing the electrode assembly 200. The two first protrusions 420 protrude from the first surface 411 and are respectively disposed at both ends of the insulating body 410 along a first direction X. Each first protrusion 420 includes at least two sub-protrusions 420a arranged along a second direction Y. Adjacent sub-protrusions 420a have bends 4203 at close proximity. Two adjacent bends 4203 of the first protrusion 420 extend along the first direction X toward the direction of the explosion-proof valve 500, and the ends of the two adjacent bends 4203 are connected and enclose a receiving cavity 470 with the insulating body 410. The first protrusion 420 also has at least one first exhaust channel 421. The at least one first exhaust channel 421 passes through at least one set of adjacent bends 4203 connected along the first direction X, and the first exhaust channel 421 communicates with the receiving cavity 470.

[0078] In the energy storage device of this embodiment, adjacent sub-protrusions 420a each have a curved section 4203 at a close proximity. Two adjacent curved sections 4203 bend inwards and connect at their ends. Because the curved sections 4203 bend inwards, the space occupied by the insulating member 400 is reduced, allowing the two adjacent curved sections 4203 and the insulating body 410 to form a receiving cavity 470. This provides more space at the top of the energy storage device for the flow of thermal runaway gas. Furthermore, the first protrusion 420 also has a first exhaust channel 421 penetrating the connection point of the two curved sections 4203. The first exhaust channel 421 communicates with the receiving cavity 470. When pressure is released, the thermal runaway gas can quickly flow through the receiving cavity 470 and the first exhaust channel 421 sequentially. This smooth gas flow reduces the impact of the first protrusion 420 of the insulating member 400 on the gas flow rate, ensuring timely gas release, preventing explosion of the energy storage device, and improving the reliability of the energy storage device.

[0079] In one embodiment, the insulating body 410 is a plate-like structure, and further, the insulating body 410 is a rectangular plate-like structure.

[0080] The first protrusion 420 is provided on the first surface 411 of the insulating body 410. It can be that the first protrusion 420 and the insulating body 410 are separately provided, and the first protrusion 420 is connected to the first surface 411; or, the first protrusion 420 and the insulating body 410 are an integral structure, and the first protrusion 420 is provided on the first surface 411.

[0081] It is understood that the first protrusion 420 may include two, three, four, or other numbers of sub-protrusions 420a. When the first protrusion 420 includes two sub-protrusions 420a, a first exhaust passage 421 is formed between adjacent curved sections 4203 in the two sub-protrusions 420a; when the first protrusion 420 includes three sub-protrusions 420a, a first exhaust passage 421 is formed between adjacent curved sections 4203 in every two adjacent sub-protrusions 420a, that is, the first protrusion 420 has two first exhaust passages 421; when the first protrusion 420 includes four sub-protrusions 420a, the first protrusion 420 has three first exhaust passages 421.

[0082] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the curved segment 4203 is arc-shaped, and the ends of two adjacent curved segments 4203 abut each other. Furthermore, the ends of two adjacent curved segments 4203 are tangent.

[0083] In this embodiment of the application, the curved section 4203 is designed as an arc shape, and the ends of the two curved sections 4203 are tangent to each other, so that the cavity wall of the receiving cavity 470 has at least two tangent arc-shaped surfaces. The arc-shaped surfaces are conducive to improving the gas flow rate, so that the thermal runaway gas can quickly flow from the receiving cavity 470 to the first exhaust channel 421, and then to the middle region of the insulating body 410 along the first direction X.

[0084] Furthermore, the two tangent arc-shaped surfaces form a flared structure, and the flow path of the thermal runaway gas is from the end with the larger opening to the end with the smaller opening. In other words, when the thermal runaway gas enters the first exhaust channel 421 through the containment cavity 470, the flow area decreases. According to Bernoulli's principle, when the gas flows from the area with the larger flow area to the area with the smaller flow area, the gas velocity will increase, which is conducive to the gas passing through the first exhaust channel 421 quickly and increasing the gas release rate.

[0085] like Figure 4 As shown, when the curved section 4203 is an arc, the central angle α of the curved section 4203 is 90 degrees.

[0086] In the embodiments of this application, the central angle α of the curved section 4203 is designed to be 90 degrees, which can make the volume of the receiving cavity 470 as large as possible, so as to improve the gas storage capacity of the receiving cavity 470.

[0087] Of course, in other embodiments, the curved segment 4203 may also be other arc shapes, and is not limited to circular arc shapes.

[0088] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the insulating body 410 has a second surface 413 facing away from the electrode assembly 200. A first groove 412 is provided on the second surface 413 at a position corresponding to the bending section 4203 along the third direction Z. The first groove 412 is recessed into the bending section 4203 along the third direction Z from the second surface 413. A through hole 4121 is provided at the bottom of the groove of the first groove 412. A first exhaust channel 421 penetrates part of the sidewall of two adjacent first grooves 412, and the first exhaust channel 421 communicates with the first grooves 412.

[0089] In this embodiment of the application, the bottom of the first groove 412 is provided with a through hole 4121, which can ensure that the electrolyte remaining between the insulating part 400 and the end cap 300 when the energy storage device is shaken or injected can flow back to the electrode assembly 200 through the first through hole 4121.

[0090] like Figure 5 As shown, the electrode assembly 200 includes at least two stacked cores 210. The cores 210 have arc-shaped protrusions 211 at both ends along the first direction X, and a second exhaust channel 220 is provided between two adjacent arc-shaped protrusions 211. At least one receiving cavity 470 of the first protrusion 420 is connected to at least one second exhaust channel 220 on the same side in the third direction Z, and the corresponding second exhaust channel 220 and the orthographic projection of the receiving cavity 470 on the first target plane have an overlapping area. The first target plane is perpendicular to the third direction Z.

[0091] In this embodiment of the application, when depressurization occurs, the gas can flow from bottom to top along the second exhaust channel 220. Since the receiving cavity 470 is connected to the second exhaust channel 220, the gas can pass through the second exhaust channel 220, the receiving cavity 470 and the first exhaust channel 421 in sequence. The gas flow changes quickly from vertical to horizontal, making the gas flow smoother and accelerating the release of gas.

[0092] It should be noted that, in one embodiment, the number of cores 210 is the same as the number of sub-protrusions 420a included in the first protrusion 420.

[0093] For example, when the electrode assembly 200 includes two stacked cores 210, a second exhaust channel 220 is formed between two arcuate protrusions 211 on the same side of the two cores 210, and the second exhaust channel 220 is connected to the receiving cavity 470 at one end of the insulating member 400; when the electrode assembly 200 includes three stacked cores 210, each pair of adjacent arcuate protrusions 211 on the same side of the three cores 210 forms a second exhaust channel 220, and the two second exhaust channels 220 are respectively connected to the two receiving cavities 470 at one end of the insulating member 400; when the electrode assembly 200 includes four stacked cores 210, each pair of adjacent arcuate protrusions 211 on the same side of the four cores 210 forms a second exhaust channel 220, and the three second exhaust channels 220 are respectively connected to the three receiving cavities 470 at one end of the insulating member 400.

[0094] In one embodiment, the outer surface of the arc-shaped protrusion 211 can be arc-shaped. When the curved section 4203 is also arc-shaped, the curvature of the arc-shaped protrusion 211 and the curved section 4203 is approximately the same.

[0095] like Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the sub-protrusion 420a also has a first vertical segment 4201, and each end of the first vertical segment 4201 along the second direction Y is connected to a curved segment 4203. At least two first vertical segments 4201 of the first protrusion 420 are respectively disposed at one end of at least two arcuate protrusions 211 on the same side along the third direction Z, and the corresponding first vertical segment 4201 and the arcuate protrusion 211 have an overlapping area on the orthographic projection of the first target plane. The first vertical segment 4201 also has a third exhaust channel 425, which penetrates the first vertical segment 4201 along the first direction X.

[0096] In this embodiment, during pressure relief, the arc-shaped protrusion 211 of the core 210 cracks, allowing gas to escape from the crack and flow upwards. Since the first vertical section 4201 corresponds to the arc-shaped protrusion 211 in the third direction Z, and the first vertical section 4201 has a third exhaust channel 425, when the arc-shaped protrusion 211 cracks, the gas can flow from bottom to top and directly into the third exhaust channel 425. The gas does not accumulate or linger near the insulating member 400; instead, it switches from vertical to horizontal flow, effectively releasing the gas and preventing an explosion of the energy storage device. Furthermore, one end of the insulating member 400 is simultaneously provided with a first exhaust channel 421 and a second exhaust channel 220. When the gas switches from vertical to horizontal flow, the number of exhaust channels increases, which is beneficial for improving gas flow.

[0097] like Figure 4As shown, the first protrusion 420 also includes two second vertical segments 4202, which extend along the first direction X, and one end of each second vertical segment 4202 is connected to the two outermost curved segments 4203 of the plurality of sub-protrusions 420a.

[0098] Of course, in another embodiment, the first protrusion 420 may not include the second vertical segment 4202.

[0099] In another embodiment, the sub-protrusion 420a may include a curved segment 4203 and a first vertical segment 4201. Taking two sub-protrusions 420a as an example, the curved segments 4203 of the two sub-protrusions 420a are connected to each other, and the two first vertical segments 4201 extend along the second direction Y.

[0100] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the third exhaust channel 425 has a bottom wall 430 near the electrode assembly 200. The bottom wall 430 is recessed in the first direction X toward the direction near the explosion-proof valve 500 to form a first notch 426. The first notch 426 is connected to the third exhaust channel 425.

[0101] In this embodiment, the bottom wall 430 is recessed to form a first notch 426 communicating with the third exhaust channel 425. Gas can flow through the first notch 426 and the third exhaust channel 425 sequentially. The bottom wall 430 does not obstruct the gas from switching from vertical to horizontal flow. On the one hand, the bottom wall 430 can ensure the structural strength of the first protrusion 420, thereby improving the stability of the first protrusion 420 abutting the electrode assembly 200. On the other hand, the gas can quickly pass through the first notch 426 and the third exhaust channel 425, reducing the impact of the first protrusion 420 on the gas flow rate, ensuring that the gas can be released in a timely manner, avoiding the explosion of the energy storage device, and improving the reliability of the energy storage device.

[0102] In one embodiment, the bottom wall 430 has a flat plate structure and is parallel to the insulating body 410, but this is not a limitation.

[0103] In one embodiment, the sub-protrusion 420a further has a first abutting surface 423 facing the electrode assembly 200, and the bottom wall 430 has a second abutting surface 431 facing the electrode assembly 200, with the first abutting surface 423 and the second abutting surface 431 being flush.

[0104] In the embodiments of this application, the first abutting surface 423 of the sub-protrusion 420a is flush with the second abutting surface 431 of the bottom wall 430. When the sub-protrusion 420a abuts against the electrode assembly 200, the first abutting surface 423 and the second abutting surface 431 can simultaneously contact the electrode assembly 200, increasing the contact area between the sub-protrusion 420a and the electrode assembly 200, thereby improving the stability of the contact between the insulating member 400 and the electrode assembly 200.

[0105] Of course, in other embodiments, the first abutment surface 423 and the second abutment surface 431 may not be flush.

[0106] In one implementation, such as Figure 6 As shown, the first vertical section 4201 has a first side 422 and a second side 424 arranged opposite to each other in the first direction X. In the first direction X, the second side 424 is closer to the explosion-proof valve 500, while the first side 422 is farther away from the explosion-proof valve 500. The third exhaust channel 425 passes through the first side 422 and the second side 424 along the first direction X. The bottom wall 430 has a third side 432 and a fourth side 433 arranged opposite to each other in the first direction X1 (see...). Figure 6 Along the first direction X1, the third side 432 is close to the explosion-proof valve 500, and the fourth side 433 is away from the explosion-proof valve 500. The second side 424 is flush with the third side 432.

[0107] In this embodiment of the application, the second side 424 is flush with the third side 432. While the size of the first vertical segment 4201 along the first direction X remains unchanged, the size of the bottom wall 430 is increased, thereby improving the structural strength of the sub-protrusion 420a.

[0108] like Figure 3 As shown, the insulating body 410 has a second notch 414 at a position corresponding to the third exhaust channel 425 in the third direction Z. The second notch 414 penetrates the insulating body 410 along the thickness direction (third direction Z) of the end cover 300 and communicates with the third exhaust channel 425.

[0109] In this embodiment, the gas can not only flow along the side of the first surface 411 of the insulating body 410 through the third exhaust channel 425, but also flow along the side of the insulating body 410 away from the electrode assembly 200 through the second notch 414. By increasing the number of gas flow paths, the gas flow is made smoother, ensuring timely gas release.

[0110] like Figure 6 As shown, the distance between the first side 422 and the second side 424 of the sub-protrusion 420a is L1, and the distance between the third side 432 and the fourth side 433 of the bottom wall 430 is L2, where 2mm≤L1-L2≤5mm.

[0111] In the embodiments of this application, L1-L2 satisfies: 2mm≤L1-L2≤5mm, which ensures that the bottom wall 430 has sufficient width so that the sub-protrusion 420a has sufficient structural strength, and also ensures that the first gap 426 has a sufficiently large flow area so that the gas can pass through the first gap 426 smoothly.

[0112] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the insulating member 400 further includes a second protrusion 440, which protrudes from the first surface 411 and is located between the two first protrusions 420; the second protrusion 440 and the explosion-proof valve 500 at least partially overlap in the third direction Z. The insulating body 410 has a second surface 413 on the side facing away from the electrode assembly 200, and the second surface 413 has a second groove 450 at a position corresponding to the second protrusion 440 in the third direction Z. The second groove 450 is recessed from the second surface 413 into the second protrusion 440 along the third direction Z. The second groove 450 has two groove sidewalls 451 arranged opposite each other in the first direction X, and the groove sidewalls 451 have at least one through vent hole 4511.

[0113] In this embodiment of the application, the groove sidewall 451 of the second groove 450 has a through vent hole 4511, through which the vent hole 4511 allows the laterally flowing gas to pass and flow to the explosion-proof valve 500. The groove sidewall 451 does not obstruct the lateral flow of gas, ensuring that the gas can flow smoothly and be released in a timely manner.

[0114] In one embodiment, the bottom of the second groove 450 is further provided with a through second via 452. On the one hand, the second via 452 can ensure that the electrolyte remaining between the insulating member 400 and the end cap 300 during shaking or liquid injection flows back to the electrode assembly 200; on the other hand, the second via 452 can also allow gas to pass through from bottom to top. During depressurization, the vertical gas passing through the second via 452 can change the direction of the horizontal gas passing through the exhaust port 4511, so that the vertical gas and the horizontal gas converge and flow to the explosion-proof valve 500, preventing the horizontal gas from passing through the exhaust port 4511 of one sidewall of the groove 451 and flowing to the exhaust port 4511 of the other sidewall of the groove 451.

[0115] In one embodiment, the vent holes 4511 on each slot sidewall 451 and the vent holes 4511 on another slot sidewall 451 do not overlap in their orthographic projections on the second target plane; or, the vent holes 4511 on each slot sidewall 451 and the vent holes 4511 on another slot sidewall 451 partially overlap in their orthographic projections on the second target plane. The second target plane is perpendicular to the first direction X.

[0116] It should be noted that due to factors such as connecting tabs, the gas production and flow rate on both sides of the electrode assembly 200 along the first direction X may be different on the positive and negative sides of the battery. This may cause the gas to flow directly to the exhaust hole 4511 on the side wall 451 of one of the slots after passing through the exhaust hole 4511 on the side wall 451 of the other slot, instead of flowing to the explosion-proof valve 500.

[0117] In this embodiment of the application, since the exhaust holes 4511 on the two sidewalls 451 are not directly opposite each other in the first direction X, after the gas passes through the exhaust hole 4511 of one sidewall 451, it will not directly pass through the exhaust hole 4511 of the other sidewall 451, thus avoiding the problem of the gas directly passing through the exhaust holes 4511 of the two sidewalls 451 and bypassing the explosion-proof valve 500.

[0118] It is understandable that the number of vent holes 4511 on the two slot sidewalls 451 can be the same or different. As an example, each slot sidewall 451 has four vent holes 4511 arranged along the second direction Y.

[0119] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the similarities between the insulating member 400 in Embodiment 2 and the insulating member 400 in Embodiment 1 will not be repeated here. The differences are as follows:

[0120] The second groove 450 has two groove sidewalls 451 arranged opposite each other along the first direction X. At least one vent hole 4511 on the groove sidewall 451 includes a first vent hole 4511a and a second vent hole 4511b. The insulating member 400 also includes a sealing member 480 located in the first vent hole 4511a. The sealing member 480 is configured to open the first vent hole 4511a when a preset condition is met.

[0121] The "preset condition" refers to the situation where the gas pressure acting on the sealing member 480 is greater than or equal to a threshold. For example, when the gas pressure is less than the threshold, the sealing member 480 remains in the state of blocking the first exhaust port 4511a; when the gas pressure is greater than or equal to the threshold, the sealing member 480 is impacted by the gas and opens the first exhaust port 4511a.

[0122] The second vent 4511b is normally open, and the first vent 4511a is normally closed. When the flow rate of the thermal runaway gas is small, the gas can be discharged through the second vent 4511b without passing through the first vent 4511a. When the flow rate of the thermal runaway gas is large, the second vent 4511b cannot discharge the gas in time. At this time, the sealing member 480 is impacted by the gas and opens the first vent 4511a. At this time, the gas can be discharged from both the first vent 4511a and the second vent 4511b at the same time.

[0123] Therefore, in this embodiment, when the thermal runaway gas flow rate is small, the second exhaust port 4511b is opened while the first exhaust port 4511a is closed. At this time, the flow area of ​​the opening on the sidewall 451 of the tank is small, which is conducive to accelerating the gas flow rate. When the thermal runaway gas flow rate is large, both the first exhaust port 4511a and the second exhaust port 4511b are opened. At this time, the flow area of ​​the opening on the sidewall 451 of the tank is large, which is conducive to timely discharge of large flow rates of gas and avoids gas stagnation.

[0124] In one embodiment, the sidewall 451 of the groove is provided with two first vent holes 4511a and two second vent holes 4511b, the two first vent holes 4511a and the two second vent holes 4511b are arranged along the second direction Y, and the two first vent holes 4511a are located between the two second vent holes 4511b.

[0125] like Figure 7 As shown, the side edge of the sealing member 480 near the bottom wall of the second groove 450 is connected to the hole wall of the first vent 4511a through at least one connecting part 483, and there is a gap 482 between the remaining side edge of the sealing member 480 and the hole wall of the first vent 4511a.

[0126] In this embodiment of the application, the side edge of the sealing member 480 near the bottom wall of the second groove 450 is connected to the hole wall of the first exhaust hole 4511a through the connecting part 483, while the other side edges of the sealing member 480 have a gap 482 between them and the hole wall of the first exhaust hole 4511a. When the impact force of the gas reaches the threshold, the sealing member 480 is more likely to be impacted by the gas and open the first exhaust hole 4511a.

[0127] As an example, the sealing member 480 is connected to the wall of the first vent 4511a via four connecting parts 483, which are arranged at intervals along the second direction Y.

[0128] Of course, in other embodiments, the number of connecting parts 483 may be one, two, three or other numbers.

[0129] It should be noted that when the sealing member 480 is subjected to gas impact, the sealing member 480 can directly detach from the hole wall of the first exhaust hole 4511a, or it can rotate around the connecting part 483 as an axis.

[0130] like Figure 8 As shown, the first surface 411 is also provided with two third protrusions 490. The two third protrusions 490 are respectively disposed on the opposite side of the two groove sidewalls 451. The corresponding third protrusions 490 and the sealing member 480 have overlapping areas on the orthographic projection of the second target plane. The third protrusions 490 are configured to stop the sealing member 480 from moving toward the outside of the second groove 450.

[0131] In this embodiment, since a third protrusion 490 is provided on the outer side of each groove sidewall 451, the third protrusion 490 can prevent the sealing member 480 from moving towards the outer side of the second groove 450, so that the sealing member 480 can only move towards the inner side of the second groove 450 to open the first exhaust hole 4511a, and cannot move in both directions. Thus, after the gas flows through one of the first exhaust holes 4511a from the outside, since the sealing member 480 of the other groove sidewall 451 is blocked by the third protrusion 490, the gas cannot directly pass through the first exhaust hole 4511a on the other groove sidewall 451, thus avoiding the problem of the gas directly passing through the exhaust holes of the two groove sidewalls 451 and bypassing the explosion-proof valve 500.

[0132] like Figure 9 As shown, this application also provides an electrical device 5, including an energy storage device 1 of any of the above embodiments, the energy storage device 1 being used to supply power to the electrical device 5.

[0133] It is understood that the various embodiments / implementations provided in this application can be combined with each other without creating contradictions, and will not be described one by one here.

[0134] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; the term "multiple" refers to two or more unless otherwise expressly defined. The terms "install," "connect," "link," and "fix" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connect" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "link" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0135] In the description of the embodiments of the application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or unit referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of the application.

[0136] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "specific embodiment," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the claims. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0137] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the application examples and are not intended to limit the application examples. For those skilled in the art, the application examples can have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the application examples should be included within the protection scope of the application examples.

Claims

1. An energy storage device, comprising an electrode assembly, an end cap, and an insulating component, wherein the insulating component is located between the end cap and the electrode assembly, and the end cap is provided with an explosion-proof valve; characterized in that: The insulating element includes an insulating body and a first protrusion. The insulating body has a first surface facing the electrode assembly. The first protrusion protrudes from the first surface and includes at least two sub-protrusions arranged along a second direction. Adjacent sub-protrusions have curved sections at positions close to each other. Two adjacent curved sections of the first protrusion extend along the first direction toward the direction close to the explosion-proof valve, and the ends of the two adjacent curved sections are connected and enclose a receiving cavity with the insulating body. The two adjacent curved sections connected by a first exhaust channel also have a first exhaust channel that passes through the first protrusion along the first direction and is in communication with the receiving cavity; the first direction is the length direction of the end cap, the second direction is the width direction of the end cap, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.

2. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ends of two adjacent curved segments abut each other.

3. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulating body has a second surface facing away from the electrode assembly. The second surface has a first groove at a position corresponding to the curved section along a third direction. The first groove is recessed into the curved section from the second surface along the third direction. The bottom of the first groove has a through hole. The third direction is the thickness direction of the end cap. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are all perpendicular to each other. The first exhaust channel penetrates part of the sidewall of two adjacent first grooves, and the first exhaust channel is connected to the first groove.

4. The energy storage device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The electrode assembly includes at least two stacked cores, each core having arc-shaped protrusions at both ends along the first direction, and a second exhaust channel between two adjacent arc-shaped protrusions; at least one receiving cavity of the first protrusion is connected to at least one second exhaust channel on the same side in a third direction, and the corresponding second exhaust channel and the orthographic projection of the receiving cavity on a first target plane overlap in an area, the first target plane being perpendicular to the third direction; the third direction is the thickness direction of the end cap, and the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are mutually perpendicular.

5. The energy storage device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sub-protrusion also has a first vertical segment, and each end of the first vertical segment along the second direction is connected to a curved segment. At least two of the first vertical segments are respectively disposed on one end of at least two of the arcuate protrusions along the third direction on the same side, and the corresponding first vertical segment and the arcuate protrusion have an overlapping area on the orthographic projection of the first target plane. The first vertical section also has a third exhaust channel, which extends through the first vertical section along the first direction.

6. The energy storage device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The third exhaust channel has a bottom wall near the electrode assembly, and the bottom wall is recessed in the first direction toward the explosion-proof valve to form a first notch, which communicates with the third exhaust channel.

7. The energy storage device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first vertical section has a first side and a second side arranged opposite to each other in the first direction. The third exhaust channel passes through the first side and the second side along the first direction. The bottom wall has a third side and a fourth side arranged opposite to each other in the first direction. The distance between the first side and the second side is L1, and the distance between the third side and the fourth side of the bottom wall is L2, where 2mm≤L1-L2≤5mm.

8. The energy storage device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The insulating body has a second notch at a position corresponding to the third exhaust channel in the third direction. The second notch penetrates the insulating body along the third direction and communicates with the third exhaust channel.

9. The energy storage device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The insulating component further includes a second protrusion, which protrudes from the first surface; the insulating body has a second surface on the side facing away from the electrode assembly, and the second surface has a second groove at a position corresponding to the second protrusion in a third direction, the second groove being recessed into the second protrusion from the second surface along the third direction; the third direction is the thickness direction of the end cap, and the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other; The second groove has two groove sidewalls arranged opposite each other along the first direction, and the groove sidewalls have at least one through vent hole.

10. The energy storage device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The vent holes on each sidewall of the slot and the vent holes on the other sidewall of the slot do not overlap in any region on the orthographic projection of the second target plane; the second target plane is perpendicular to the first direction.

11. The energy storage device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The vent hole on each of the slot sidewalls and the vent hole on the other slot sidewall have a partially overlapping area on the orthographic projection of the second target plane; the second target plane is perpendicular to the first direction.

12. The energy storage device according to claim 9, characterized in that, At least one of the vent holes on the sidewall of the groove includes a first vent hole and a second vent hole, and the insulating member further includes a sealing member located in the first vent hole, the sealing member being configured to open the first vent hole when a preset condition is met.

13. The energy storage device according to claim 12, characterized in that, The side edge of the sealing member near the bottom wall of the second groove is connected to the wall of the first vent hole via at least one connecting part, and there is a gap between the remaining side edges of the sealing member and the wall of the first vent hole.

14. The energy storage device according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that, The first surface is also provided with two third protrusions, which are respectively disposed on the opposite sides of the two groove sidewalls. The corresponding third protrusions and the orthographic projections of the sealing members on the second target plane have overlapping areas. The third protrusions are configured to prevent the sealing members from moving toward the outside of the second groove. The second target plane is perpendicular to the first direction.

15. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, The energy storage device includes any one of claims 1-14, the energy storage device being used to supply power to electrical equipment.

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