Ecological restoration system for open-pit mine dump in arid region

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of dump sites, and discloses a dry-area open-pit mine dump site ecological restoration system, which comprises a soil improvement module; the soil improvement module is used for improving the soil structure of the dump site, increasing the water retention and fertility of the soil, and promoting the formation of soil aggregates by adding an improving agent and a microbial agent. The dry-area open-pit mine dump site ecological restoration system effectively improves the soil structure, improves the water retention and fertility of the soil by adding the improving agent and the microbial agent, can automatically adjust the irrigation water volume according to the soil humidity through a partition irrigation module, avoids waste of water resources, significantly improves the vegetation survival rate by selecting local drought-tolerant plants and combining scientific planting methods, realizes intelligent management of ecological restoration, reduces artificial cost, and can effectively deal with the problems of water resource shortage and soil barrenness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of spoil heap ecological restoration technology, specifically to an ecological restoration system for open-pit mine spoil heaps in arid regions. Background Technology

[0002] Open-pit mining is a crucial method for acquiring mineral resources; however, the spoil heaps generated during the mining process cause severe damage to the ecological environment. Spoil heaps are typically composed of large accumulations of waste rock and soil. This soil is often loosely structured, low in fertility, and lacks microbial activity, making it difficult for vegetation to naturally regenerate. This is especially true in arid regions where water resources are scarce, evaporation is high, and soil water retention capacity is poor, posing even greater challenges to vegetation restoration.

[0003] Traditional ecological restoration methods for open-pit mine spoil heaps mainly rely on artificial irrigation and vegetation planting, but these methods have many shortcomings. First, artificial irrigation requires a large amount of water resources, and in arid regions, the scarcity of water resources makes this method costly and unsustainable. Second, traditional irrigation methods are difficult to precisely adjust according to soil moisture and vegetation needs, easily leading to water waste. Furthermore, traditional vegetation planting methods often fail to fully consider the drought tolerance and adaptability of native plants, resulting in low vegetation survival rates and poor ecological restoration effects.

[0004] In recent years, with the development of ecological restoration technologies, some new methods and systems have been proposed to improve the ecological environment of spoil heaps. However, most of these methods suffer from the following problems: First, soil improvement measures are not perfect enough, failing to effectively address issues such as loose soil structure, insufficient fertility, and low microbial activity; second, irrigation systems have low levels of intelligence, unable to automatically adjust irrigation volume and frequency according to soil moisture and vegetation needs; and third, the lack of scientific selection and planting methods for local drought-resistant plants during vegetation restoration makes it difficult to improve vegetation survival and coverage. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an ecological restoration system for open-pit mine spoil heaps in arid regions. By adding soil conditioners and microbial agents, it effectively improves soil structure, enhances soil water retention and fertility. Furthermore, through a zoned irrigation module, it can automatically adjust irrigation water volume based on soil moisture, avoiding water waste. By selecting local drought-resistant plants and combining them with scientific planting methods, it significantly improves vegetation survival rate, achieves intelligent management of ecological restoration, reduces labor costs, and solves the problems of inadequate soil improvement measures that fail to effectively address loose soil structure, insufficient fertility, and low microbial activity.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an ecological restoration system for open-pit mine spoil heaps in arid regions, comprising:

[0009] The soil improvement module is used to improve the soil structure of the spoil heap, increase the water retention and fertility of the soil, and promote the formation of soil aggregates by adding soil conditioners and microbial agents.

[0010] A zoned irrigation module, which is an irrigation unit and control unit that automatically adjusts the amount and frequency of irrigation water according to soil moisture and vegetation needs;

[0011] A vegetation restoration module, which is used to select drought-resistant and barren-tolerant local plant species for sowing;

[0012] The ecological monitoring module includes a soil moisture unit, a stress detection unit, a vegetation growth monitoring unit, and a meteorological monitoring unit, which are used to monitor the ecological restoration in real time and to monitor meteorological data such as rainfall, wind speed, and temperature in real time.

[0013] Preferably, the vegetation restoration module also includes windbreak netting and fencing to protect seedlings from wind and sand damage.

[0014] Preferably, the zoned irrigation module further includes a rainwater collection unit, which includes multiple rainwater collection troughs around the spoil heap and underground storage tanks, to collect rainwater and store it in the underground storage tanks.

[0015] Preferably, the irrigation unit includes a main water supply pipe and a row of irrigation mechanisms installed on the main water supply pipe;

[0016] The irrigation mechanism includes an adjusting frame and a telescopic pipe installed inside the adjusting frame. The bottom end of the telescopic pipe is connected to the inside of the main water supply pipe, and a water spraying assembly is installed at the top end of the telescopic pipe.

[0017] Preferably, the telescopic pipe includes a sleeve fixed to the bottom of the adjustment frame, and the bottom end of the sleeve is connected to the interior of the main water supply pipe, and the outer surface of the sleeve is sealed with an extension pipe.

[0018] Preferably, a counterweight is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the extension tube, and the counterweight is slidably connected to the inside of the adjustment frame in a vertical sliding manner. Guide grooves are provided on both sides of the adjustment frame, and several locking holes are provided inside the two guide grooves. T-shaped pin blocks are inserted into the two sets of locking holes.

[0019] Preferably, the water spraying assembly includes a rotating cover rotatably connected to the top of the extension tube via a sealing sleeve, and the interior of the rotating cover is in communication with the interior of the extension tube, and a plurality of first irrigation nozzles are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rotating cover.

[0020] Preferably, the bottom of the adjusting frame is fixedly connected to an annular tube, and the outer surface of the annular tube is fixedly connected to a plurality of second irrigation nozzles, and the annular tube is connected to the inside of the sleeve through a connecting tube.

[0021] Preferably, the top of the rotating cover is provided with a wind turbine component, the wind turbine component includes a rotating shaft fixed to the top of the rotating cover, a plurality of arc-shaped blades are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rotating shaft, extension plates are slidably connected to the sides of the plurality of arc-shaped blades, and fastening bolts for locking the extension plates after sliding adjustment are provided on the plurality of arc-shaped blades.

[0022] Preferably, the rotating cover is provided with a pressure-pressurizing component, which includes a reciprocating screw fixed to the top of the rotating cover and a sleeve fixed to the outer surface of the extension tube. The outer surface of the reciprocating screw is connected to a piston plate, and the piston plate is slidably connected to the inside of the sleeve in a vertical sliding manner. The piston plate has several through holes, and each of the several through holes is provided with a one-way valve plate.

[0023] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0024] Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides an ecological restoration system for open-pit mine spoil heaps in arid regions, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1. This invention effectively improves soil structure, enhances soil water retention and fertility by adding improvers and microbial agents. Furthermore, the zoned irrigation module can automatically adjust the irrigation water volume according to soil moisture, avoiding water waste. By selecting local drought-resistant plants and combining them with scientific planting methods, the survival rate of vegetation is significantly improved, realizing intelligent management of ecological restoration, reducing labor costs, and effectively addressing the problems of water scarcity and soil infertility.

[0026] 2. This invention uses a telescopic pipe consisting of a sleeve and a retractable extension pipe. When water is injected into the sleeve through the main water supply pipe, the water can not only directly enter the extension pipe and be sprayed out by the spray assembly to form irrigation, but also, by controlling the pressure of the injected water, the extension pipe can be extended, indirectly controlling the automatic extension and adjustment of the spray assembly, thereby meeting the needs of spraying irrigation work at different heights. It has a good self-adjusting function and further improves the energy-saving and environmental protection of the ecological modification system.

[0027] 3. This invention uses the rotation of a reciprocating screw to drive a piston plate to move up and down. The downward movement of the piston plate pressurizes the water source below, causing it to quickly enter the upper layer through the through-hole. Combined with the upward movement of the piston plate, it pressurizes the water source above, causing it to be quickly sprayed out through several first irrigation nozzles, forming a high-intensity water spraying operation. With the addition of a wind turbine, the irrigation range is further increased. This solves the problem in existing irrigation systems where the large number of spray nozzles results in low spray intensity, thus affecting the large-area water spraying operation. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the ecological restoration system for open-pit mine spoil heaps in arid regions according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the irrigation unit of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the irrigation system;

[0031] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A structural sectional view of the adjustment box;

[0032] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the central water jet assembly;

[0033] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the central water jet assembly;

[0034] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the piston plate structure;

[0035] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the wind turbine component.

[0036] In the diagram: 100, main water supply pipe; 200, irrigation system;

[0037] 1. Adjustment box;

[0038] 2. Telescopic tube; 21. Sleeve; 22. Extension tube; 23. Counterweight; 24. Guide groove; 25. Clamping port; 26. T-shaped pin block;

[0039] 3. Spray assembly; 31. Rotating shroud; 32. First irrigation nozzle; 33. Annular pipe; 34. Second irrigation nozzle; 35. Connecting pipe;

[0040] 36. Pressure component; 361. Reciprocating lead screw; 362. Sleeve; 363. Piston plate; 364. Through hole; 365. One-way valve plate;

[0041] 37. Wind turbine components; 371. Rotating shaft; 372. Curved blades; 373. Extension plates; 374. Fastening bolts. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] Example 1:

[0044] See attached document Figures 1-8 An ecological restoration system for open-pit mine spoil heaps in arid regions, comprising:

[0045] The soil improvement module is used to improve the soil structure of the spoil heap, increase the soil's water retention and fertility, and promote the formation of soil aggregates by adding soil conditioners and microbial agents.

[0046] Soil conditioners include humus, clay minerals, fly ash, solidifying agents, and soil stabilizers, which reconstruct the soil structure of spoil heaps and improve soil compressive strength and water retention.

[0047] By spraying soil stabilizers, the binding force between soil particles is enhanced, preventing soil from being eroded by wind and water.

[0048] The zoned irrigation module is an irrigation unit and control unit that automatically adjusts the amount and frequency of irrigation water according to soil moisture and vegetation needs, thereby improving water resource utilization efficiency.

[0049] The vegetation restoration module is used to select drought-resistant and barren-tolerant local plant species for sowing. Through scientific planting methods and reasonable plant configuration, the survival rate and coverage of vegetation are improved.

[0050] The ecological monitoring module includes a soil moisture unit, a stress detection unit, a vegetation growth monitoring unit, and a meteorological monitoring unit. It is used to monitor the ecological restoration status in real time and to monitor meteorological data such as rainfall, wind speed, and temperature in real time, providing a basis for adjusting the ecological restoration plan.

[0051] By adding soil conditioners and microbial agents, the soil structure is effectively improved, and the soil's water retention and fertility are enhanced. Furthermore, the zoned irrigation module can automatically adjust the irrigation water volume according to soil moisture, avoiding water waste. By selecting local drought-resistant plants and combining them with scientific planting methods, the survival rate of vegetation is significantly improved, realizing intelligent management of ecological restoration, reducing labor costs, and effectively addressing the problems of water scarcity and soil infertility.

[0052] Through soil improvement, vegetation restoration, and ecological monitoring, the ecosystem of spoil heaps can be gradually restored, reducing soil erosion and desertification.

[0053] The vegetation restoration module also includes windbreak nets and fences to protect seedlings from wind and sand damage.

[0054] The zoned irrigation module also includes a rainwater collection unit, which includes multiple rainwater collection troughs around the spoil heap and underground storage tanks to collect rainwater and store it in the underground storage tanks.

[0055] See attached document Figures 2-8 The irrigation unit includes a main water supply pipe 100 and a row of irrigation mechanisms 200 installed on the main water supply pipe 100. The irrigation mechanism 200 includes an adjustment frame 1 and a telescopic pipe 2 installed inside the adjustment frame 1. The bottom end of the telescopic pipe 2 is connected to the inside of the main water supply pipe 100, and a water spraying component 3 is installed at the top end of the telescopic pipe 2.

[0056] The main water supply pipe 100 is used to inject water or other repair liquids with modification functions into several irrigation units 200. The water is discharged to the water spraying assembly 3 through the telescopic pipe 2 in the irrigation unit 200 and sprayed out through the water spraying assembly 3 to form an ecological restoration irrigation operation.

[0057] See attached document Figure 4 The telescopic pipe 2 includes a sleeve 21 fixed to the bottom of the adjustment frame 1, and the bottom end of the sleeve 21 is connected to the interior of the water supply main pipe 100. An extension pipe 22 is sealed on the outer surface of the sleeve 21.

[0058] The telescopic pipe 2 consists of a sleeve 21 and a telescopic extension pipe 22. When water is injected into the sleeve 21 through the main water supply pipe 100, the water can not only directly enter the extension pipe 22 and be sprayed out through the water spray assembly 3 to form irrigation, but also the extension pipe 22 can be extended by controlling the pressure of the injected water source, which indirectly controls the automatic extension and adjustment of the water spray assembly 3, thereby meeting the spraying irrigation work at different heights. It has a good self-adjustment function and further improves the energy saving and environmental protection of the ecological modification system.

[0059] It should be noted here that as the water pressure inside the main water supply pipe 100 increases, the extension range of its extension pipe 22 and water spray assembly 3 increases. Conversely, as the water supply inside the main water supply pipe 100 decreases, the extension range of its extension pipe 22 and water spray assembly 3 decreases, or even ceases to extend.

[0060] See attached document Figure 5 and Figure 6 The water spray assembly 3 includes a rotating cover 31 rotatably connected to the top of the extension tube 22 via a sealing sleeve, and the interior of the rotating cover 31 is in communication with the interior of the extension tube 22. A plurality of first irrigation nozzles 32 are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rotating cover 31.

[0061] By connecting the rotating cover 31 with the interior of the extension pipe 22, the water source inside the extension pipe 22 enters the interior of the rotating cover 31 and is sprayed out through several second irrigation nozzles 34, forming a large-scale long-distance water spraying irrigation operation.

[0062] See attached document Figure 3 and Figure 4 The bottom of the adjusting frame 1 is fixedly connected to an annular tube 33, and a number of second irrigation nozzles 34 are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the annular tube 33. The annular tube 33 is connected to the inside of the sleeve 21 through the connecting tube 35.

[0063] The annular pipe 33 is connected to the sleeve 21 via the connecting pipe 35, allowing water from inside the sleeve 21 to enter the annular pipe 33. Water is then sprayed out through several second irrigation nozzles 34 on the outer surface of the annular pipe 33, thus forming an irrigation operation. The annular pipe 33 is installed at the bottom of the adjusting frame 1, facilitating irrigation of the plant roots through the several second irrigation nozzles 34.

[0064] See attached document Figure 4 The bottom end of the extension tube 22 is fixedly connected to a counterweight 23, and the counterweight 23 is slidably connected to the inside of the adjustment frame 1 in an up-and-down sliding manner. Guide grooves 24 are provided on both sides of the adjustment frame 1, and several locking holes 25 are provided inside the two guide grooves 24. T-shaped pin blocks 26 are inserted inside the two sets of locking holes 25.

[0065] By fixing a counterweight 23 to the bottom of the extension tube 22, the counterweight 23 can be moved up and down synchronously when the extension tube 22 moves up and down. When the T-shaped pin 26 is inserted into the locking port 25 at different heights, the counterweight 23 can be limited to different heights, thereby limiting the height adjustment position of the water spray assembly 3, satisfying the water spraying work at different heights, and realizing the water spraying work at different range distances.

[0066] By setting the counterweight 23, after the first irrigation nozzle 32 in the water spray assembly 3 finishes irrigating, the counterweight 23 automatically drives the extension tube 22 to retract downwards, forming an automatic storage operation. The water remaining inside the extension tube 22 can be discharged through several second irrigation nozzles 34, forming a rapid storage operation, and has a good extension and retraction function.

[0067] Example 2: The difference from Example 1 is that;

[0068] See attached document Figure 8 The top of the rotating cover 31 is provided with a wind turbine component 37. The wind turbine component 37 includes a rotating shaft 371 fixed to the top of the rotating cover 31. Several arc-shaped blades 372 are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rotating shaft 371. Extension plates 373 are slidably connected to the sides of the several arc-shaped blades 372. Fastening bolts 374 for locking the extension plates 373 after sliding adjustment are provided on the several arc-shaped blades 372.

[0069] By fixing several arc-shaped blades 372 to the outer surface of the rotating shaft 371, when high-intensity winds occur in arid areas, the wind force can drive the several arc-shaped blades 372 to rotate, which in turn can drive the rotating shaft 371 to rotate automatically.

[0070] Furthermore, by fixing the rotating shaft 371 in the wind turbine component 37 to the rotating cover 31, the rotating shaft 371 can drive the rotating cover 31 to rotate at high speed when it rotates. This can increase the water spraying intensity and spraying range through centrifugal force, thus solving the problem in the prior art where the wind force in arid areas is strong and the irrigation direction is opposite to the wind direction, which can easily affect the spraying range.

[0071] By providing an adjustable extension 373 on the curved blade 372, the range of contact between the curved blade 372 and the wind can be adjusted, thereby improving the convenience of wind-driven operation.

[0072] Example 3: The difference from Example 1 is that;

[0073] See attached document Figure 6 and Figure 7 The rotating cover 31 is provided with a pressure member 36. The pressure member 36 includes a reciprocating screw 361 fixed to the top of the rotating cover 31 and a sleeve 362 fixed to the outer surface of the extension tube 22. The outer surface of the reciprocating screw 361 is connected to a piston plate 363, and the piston plate 363 is slidably connected to the inside of the sleeve 362 in a vertical sliding manner. The piston plate 363 has several through holes 364 inside, and each of the several through holes 364 is provided with a one-way valve plate 365.

[0074] The rotation of the reciprocating screw 361 drives the piston plate 363 to move up and down. The downward movement of the piston plate 363 pressurizes the water source below, allowing it to quickly enter the upper layer through the through hole 364. Combined with the upward movement of the piston plate 363, the water source above is pressurized, causing it to be quickly sprayed out through several first irrigation nozzles 32, forming a high-intensity water spraying operation. This increases the irrigation range and solves the problem in existing irrigation systems where the large number of spray nozzles results in low spraying intensity, thus affecting the large-area water spraying operation.

[0075] The reciprocating screw 361 is fixedly connected to the rotating cover 31 so that when the rotating cover 31 rotates, it can drive the reciprocating screw 361 to rotate, forming an automatic pressurization operation, which improves the energy saving and environmental protection of the irrigation system.

[0076] By providing several through holes 364 inside the piston plate 363, water from below the piston plate 363 can enter the upper layer. The one-way valve plate 365 is used to control the through holes 364 in one direction, thereby preventing water from flowing downwards from the upper layer of the piston plate 363.

[0077] It should be noted that the term "comprising" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0078] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An ecological restoration system for open-pit mine spoil heaps in arid regions, characterized in that, include: The soil improvement module is used to improve the soil structure of the spoil heap, increase the water retention and fertility of the soil, and promote the formation of soil aggregates by adding soil conditioners and microbial agents. A zoned irrigation module, which is an irrigation unit and control unit that automatically adjusts the amount and frequency of irrigation water according to soil moisture and vegetation needs; A vegetation restoration module, which is used to select drought-resistant and barren-tolerant local plant species for sowing; An ecological monitoring module, comprising a soil moisture unit, a stress detection unit, a vegetation growth monitoring unit, and a meteorological monitoring unit, is used to monitor the ecological restoration status in real time and to monitor meteorological data such as rainfall, wind speed, and temperature in real time. The vegetation restoration module also includes windbreak nets and fences to protect seedlings from wind and sand damage; The zoned irrigation module also includes a rainwater collection unit, which includes multiple rainwater collection troughs set around the spoil heap and underground storage tanks, to collect rainwater and store it in the underground storage tanks. The irrigation unit includes a main water supply pipe (100) and a row of irrigation mechanisms (200) installed on the main water supply pipe (100). The irrigation mechanism (200) includes an adjustment frame (1) and a telescopic pipe (2) installed inside the adjustment frame (1), and the bottom end of the telescopic pipe (2) is connected to the inside of the main water supply pipe (100), and a water spraying assembly (3) is installed at the top end of the telescopic pipe (2). The telescopic pipe (2) includes a sleeve (21) fixed to the bottom of the adjustment frame (1), and the bottom end of the sleeve (21) is connected to the interior of the water supply main pipe (100). An extension pipe (22) is sealed on the outer surface of the sleeve (21). The bottom end of the extension tube (22) is fixedly connected to a counterweight (23), and the counterweight (23) is slidably connected to the inside of the adjustment frame (1) in an up-and-down sliding manner. Guide grooves (24) are provided on both sides of the adjustment frame (1), and several locking holes (25) are provided inside the two guide grooves (24). T-shaped pin blocks (26) are inserted inside the two sets of locking holes (25). The water spray assembly (3) includes a rotating cover (31) rotatably connected to the top of the extension tube (22) via a sealing sleeve, and the interior of the rotating cover (31) is connected to the interior of the extension tube (22). A plurality of first irrigation nozzles (32) are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the rotating cover (31). The bottom of the adjustment frame (1) is fixedly connected to an annular tube (33), and the outer surface of the annular tube (33) is fixedly connected to several second irrigation nozzles (34), and the annular tube (33) is connected to the inside of the sleeve (21) through a connecting pipe (35).

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